EP3705789A1 - Water supply system and method for operating same - Google Patents

Water supply system and method for operating same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3705789A1
EP3705789A1 EP20161155.5A EP20161155A EP3705789A1 EP 3705789 A1 EP3705789 A1 EP 3705789A1 EP 20161155 A EP20161155 A EP 20161155A EP 3705789 A1 EP3705789 A1 EP 3705789A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot water
water supply
supply system
heat
cold
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Granted
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EP20161155.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3705789B1 (en
Inventor
Roland Blumenthal
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Gebr Kemper GmbH and Co KG
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Gebr Kemper GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP3705789A1 publication Critical patent/EP3705789A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0078—Recirculation systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1054—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of building technology and relates to a water supply system in a building and a method for operating such a system.
  • a water supply system is connected to a public drinking water water supply. This connection is made via a house connection.
  • the house connection is characterized by a line passing through an outer wall of a building, usually in the area of a basement, with a water meter regularly being provided inside the building immediately adjacent to the penetration of the wall.
  • the drinking water supplied in this way is fed to a hot water supply system within the building and a cold water supply system within the building.
  • Each of the supply systems has at least one consumer.
  • a consumer of the system according to the invention is, in particular, a wash basin, a toilet, a shower, a bathtub or appliances that consume drinking water, such as washing machines, dishwashers, steam cookers or refrigerators.
  • the hot water supply system has at least one hot water supply line for connecting the consumer or consumers.
  • a hot water heat exchanger is installed in the hot water supply line, via which the water, which is initially regularly introduced into the building as cold drinking water, is brought to hot water temperature so that it is suitable for showering or bathing.
  • a hot water circulation line is provided to avoid the cooling of the hot water due to heat losses in the pipeline network, which returns the hot water from the hot water supply line to the heat exchanger.
  • a thermal regulating valve In the hot water circulation line, a thermal regulating valve is usually provided, which is provided with a thermal actuator that ensures such a circulation flow by setting it accordingly so that the required minimum temperature of the hot water is not fallen below either in the hot water supply line or in the hot water circulation line becomes. If the hot water is too cold due to insufficient circulation flow, the regulating valve increasingly opens a regulating gap so that an increasing volume flow of cooled hot water is fed to the heat exchanger and is heated again there by the heat exchanger.
  • the circulation is usually effected by a pump that is regularly installed in the hot water circulation line.
  • EP 3 037 591 B1 a cold water circulation known, which is intended to ensure that the cold water in the cold water supply system does not exceed a predetermined temperature.
  • a cold water circulation known, which is intended to ensure that the cold water in the cold water supply system does not exceed a predetermined temperature.
  • excessively heated cold water is fed to a cooling system via a cold water circulation line due to the heat absorption of the pipeline system, the volume flow usually being controlled by a thermal regulating valve.
  • the present invention also generally makes use of this basic proposal.
  • the prescribed solution has a heat exchanger that cools the drinking water.
  • the connection options described there for consumers to different line sections of the cold water supply lines are also conceivable configurations of the cold water supply system according to the invention. The same applies to the connection of consumers in the hot water supply system of the present invention.
  • a water supply system with the preamble features of claim 1 and a method for operating such a water supply system with the preamble features of claim 7 are from US Pat WO 2011/071369 A1 known.
  • drinking water is heated by a heating coil in a hot water buffer tank and heat loss is compensated for by circulating the warm drinking water with a heat transfer device that transfers heat between a cold water buffer tank and the hot water buffer tank.
  • the present invention is based on the problem of specifying a water supply system that can be operated more efficiently.
  • the solution according to the invention should be able to be operated in a more resource-saving manner.
  • the invention also aims to provide a corresponding method for operating a water supply system.
  • the present invention proposes a water supply system with the features of claim 1.
  • This has a heat transfer device that extracts heat from the cold water and transfers this heat to the hot water.
  • the cold water supply system is thermally coupled to the hot water supply system by the heat transfer device. This enables the thermal energy withdrawn from the cold water for cooling to be used to heat the To use hot water. In this way, the undesired circulation losses - heat dissipation to the environment in the hot water supply system and heat absorption from the environment in the cold water supply system - are combated much more efficiently.
  • the present invention is based on the fact that the heat extracted from the cold water is fed to the hot water, this does not necessarily mean that the exact amount of heat extracted from the cold water serves as heat input for the hot water, since all heat-transferring components entail certain heat losses.
  • the water supply system can be operated in a much more economical and resource-conserving manner, since, in contrast to the EP 3 037 591 B1 known proposal, the heat generated in the context of cooling the cold water supply system is fed into the hot water supply system.
  • any device can be used and understood that conducts at least a certain amount of heat from the heat extracted from the cold water during cooling to the hot water.
  • cooling is to be understood as a process which ensures that the cold water provided in the cold water supply system does not exceed the desired maximum temperature.
  • the maximum temperature is usually measured as the return temperature in the direction of flow directly in front of the heat transfer device or at the end or in the rear region of the cold water supply line.
  • the heat transfer device can be installed directly between the cold water supply system and the hot water supply system. Accordingly, the hot water is heated directly in the hot water supply system by the heat transfer of the heat transfer device.
  • such a solution is provided by a heat pump which transfers heat between the cold water circulation line and the hot water circulation line.
  • the heat pump is usually additionally supplied with electrical energy, so that the heat extracted from the cold water, together with the supplied electrical energy, leads to a heat input into the hot water supply system.
  • the heat pump is assigned to the respective circulation lines. These circulation lines are characterized in that they have a reduced flow diameter of at least one nominal diameter step compared to the respective supply lines for hot water or cold water.
  • the circulation line connects to the supply line which ends with the last consumer in the direction of flow. At this point or within the In the circulation line, a thermally regulating regulating valve is regularly provided, which regulates the circulation volume flow depending on the temperature.
  • the hot water or cold water circulation line usually only has to carry a circulation volume flow that is less than the supply flow.
  • the circulation line can also be laid as a pipe-in-pipe line within the supply line or a part of it for cold water or hot water.
  • Any heat pump that enables the necessary ratio of the heat extracted from the cold water and the heat supplied to the hot water to maintain a maximum permissible cold water temperature and / or minimum hot water temperature can be used as a heat pump in the context of the present invention. Depending on the application, it can also make sense to design a heat pump with the help of Peltier elements.
  • the electrical power supplied to the heat pump does not necessarily have to bring about a heat input into the hot water supply system within the scope of the invention. Rather, this electrical energy can be used solely for the pumping function of the heat pump, which consists in supplying the heat extracted from the cold water to the hot water.
  • the heat pump can, however, preferably be operated in such a way that circulation heat losses in the hot water supply system are completely compensated for by the electrical power and the heat extracted from the cold water. For example, in order to exchange circulation heat losses, the operation of a boiler, a burner or the like, which is provided in a primary circuit of the heat exchanger assigned to the hot water, can optionally be dispensed with.
  • the heat pump and the pumping capacity of assigned circulation pumps for the cold water and the hot water are preferably regulated in such a way that the cold water temperature required in the cold water system, preferably the temperatures required in the two systems, are achieved.
  • a pump is preferably also controlled, which is installed as a hot water heat exchanger pump in a primary circuit of the hot water heat exchanger and communicates with a buffer store.
  • the buffer storage of the hot water system is a heat storage device that can be used by operating the hot water heat exchanger pump to feed additional heat into the secondary system of the circulating hot water via the hot water heat exchanger.
  • a heat transfer device in the sense of the present invention can also transfer heat between two possibly Exchange material-identical heat transfer media, which are each connected to the cold or hot water via an assigned heat exchanger.
  • a hot water heat exchanger has already been described as a separation between a primary heat transfer medium and the hot water to be heated.
  • the cold water supply system can also have a cold water heat exchanger, the primary side of which communicates with a buffer store, preferably with the same buffer store as the primary side of the hot water heat exchanger.
  • the heat transfer takes place on the primary side between the heat transfer media of the hot water and cold water heat exchangers.
  • a heat pump can be integrated into the primary circuit of the buffer store. This does not necessarily mean that the heat pump is provided within the storage volume of the buffer storage tank. Rather, the heat pump can also be connected to the two storage volumes or the uniform storage volume of the buffer tank by pipes. The heat pump can, however, also be arranged within the uniform memory.
  • the heat pump usually causes temperature stratification in the buffer storage, so that a maximum of cold heat transfer medium of the primary circuit is provided at the bottom of the buffer storage, whereas maximally warm heat storage medium is provided in the uppermost area of the uniform buffer storage.
  • the supply lines connect to the heat accumulator for the cold water on the one hand and for the hot water on the other hand.
  • the return of the heat transfer media circulating in the primary circuits takes place in a central area of the buffer tank, with that from the cold water heat exchanger returned flow of the heat transfer medium is introduced below the corresponding medium returned by the hot water heat exchanger into the buffer storage.
  • the buffer memory can preferably according to one of the embodiments according to DE 20 2015 006 684 U1 be trained.
  • the uniform buffer store can be designed in such a way that, due to the internal heat pump, a heat flow within the buffer store flows from the cold to the warm side.
  • the performance of the four pumps involved and the heat pump is preferably regulated in such a way that the minimum hot water temperature in the hot water supply system is reached on the one hand and the maximum cold water temperature of the cold water supply system is not exceeded.
  • the heat pump which is assigned to the buffer memory and is preferably built into the buffer memory, can also use Peltier elements, as is the case with the DE 20 2015 006 684 U1 teaches.
  • the two basic alternatives described above each offer the possibility of maintaining the desired temperature values for providing drinking water to the respective consumers and at any other point in the drinking water supply system with a relatively simple structure in a water supply system in a building with cold and hot water.
  • the circulation-related heat losses of the domestic hot water are partially compensated for by extracting heat from the domestic hot water.
  • the solution according to the invention thus offers improved drinking water hygiene, since the cold drinking water does not reach a supercritical warm temperature, but at the same time also a more efficient use of energy and water resources. Because the temperature values for the cold water and the hot water are maintained and this circulates, regular flushing with the drainage of the cold drinking water and / or the hot drinking water can be reduced or completely dispensed with if used accordingly.
  • the two exemplary embodiments each illustrate a water supply system 2 which is connected to a house connection 4, the position of which is approximately indicated by a 5 water meter (not shown). In the direction of flow behind the house connection 4, the drinking water supplied is branched. This is either fed to a hot water supply system 6 or a cold water supply system 8.
  • the cold water introduced into the hot water supply system 6 is first passed through a hot water heat exchanger 10 and heated in the process.
  • the heat is provided via a primary circuit 12 of the hot water heat exchanger 10, which communicates with a buffer store 16 via a heat exchanger pump 14.
  • a heat generator, which supplies heat to the primary circuit 12, is usually also integrated in this primary circuit 12.
  • the warm drinking water TWW In the direction of flow of the warm drinking water TWW, it circulates from the house connection 4 via the warm water heat exchanger 10 through a warm water supply line 18 to various consumers that are directly connected to the warm water supply line 18.
  • the hot water supply line 18 ends behind the last consumer in the direction of flow. Behind it, a thermal regulating valve 20 is integrated into the hot water supply system 6.
  • the hot water supply line 18 is followed by a hot water circulation line 22 which returns the hot water TWW, which has cooled down due to circulation losses, to the hot water heat exchanger 10 via a hot water circulation pump 24.
  • the cold water supply system 8 is constructed in a corresponding manner.
  • the components conducting the cold drinking water TWK are identified with the reference symbols 26 to 32.
  • a heat exchanger which is built into the cold water supply system 8 is missing in this exemplary embodiment. This is because a corresponding heat exchanger 10 is necessary in the hot water supply system 6 for the provision of domestic hot water, whereas the cold water at the desired temperature is already provided at the house connection 4.
  • a heat pump 34 is located upstream of the pumps 24 or 32 in the direction of flow as an exemplary embodiment of a heat transfer device .
  • the dash-dotted lines in Figure 1 illustrate the control-related coupling between the hot water circulation pump 24, the cold water circulation pump 32 and the heat pump 34.
  • At least one thermometer is assigned to the control, which is provided in the area of the cold water circulation line 30 and monitors, for example, a cold water flow temperature with which the Cold water TWK cooled in the heat pump 34 is supplied to the cold water supply line 26. This temperature is the manipulated variable of the control loop.
  • the respective volume flows of the cold water TWK or the hot water TWW in the circulation lines 22, 30 are controlled in such a way that the corresponding preset flow temperature of the cold water TWK is reached taking into account the electrical power of the heat pump 34.
  • a greater heat output can be dissipated, for example, by increasing the volume flow of the domestic hot water through the output of the corresponding hot water circulation pump 24.
  • the hot water heat exchanger pump 14 is usually also integrated into the control circuit, which, if the domestic hot water TWW is insufficiently heated due to the heat pump 34, increasingly circulates the primary heat storage medium contained in the buffer 16 in order to increase the heat via the hot water heat exchanger 10 in the direction of the DHW transferring hot water.
  • the Figure 2 shows an alternative connection diagram for a second embodiment. The same components are compared to the in Figure 1
  • the connection diagram shown is provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the embodiment shown has the embodiment according to Figure 2 no heat pump that transfers heat between the two circulation lines 22, 30. Rather, the heat pump is located within the buffer store 16 and is identified by reference numeral 36. This buffer heat pump 36 ensures an appropriate temperature stratification within the buffer tank 16. The buffer heat pump 36 causes a heat flow from the cold side to the warm side of the buffer tank 16. The buffer heat pump 36 can according to FIG DE 20 2015 006 684 U1 be trained by the applicant.
  • the embodiment shown also has a cold water heat exchanger identified by reference numeral 38, to which a cold water heat exchanger pump 40 is assigned, which are parts of a primary circuit of the cold water supply system 8 identified by reference numeral 42.
  • a cold water heat exchanger pump 40 Via this cold water heat exchanger pump 40 the heat transfer medium of the primary circuit 42 of the cold water heat exchanger 38 circulates with the buffer storage 16.
  • the cold primary heat transfer medium is drawn off from the bottom of the buffer storage 16, fed to the cold water heat exchanger 38 and introduced into a central area in the buffer storage 16. The introduction takes place in the gravitational field of the earth below the buffer storage heat pump 36.
  • the heat transfer medium circulates on the primary side of the hot water heat exchanger 10 The area above the buffer heat pump 36 is fed back into the buffer storage 16.
  • the heat between the cold water and the hot water side is accordingly not pumped directly between TWW and TWK. Rather, the heat transfer takes place in the primary circuit. The heat transferred in this way is supplied to or withdrawn from the cold drinking water or hot drinking water via the respective heat exchangers 10, 38.
  • regulation preferably takes place via the flow temperature of the cold water.
  • the performance of the heat pump and the performance of the four pumps 14, 24, 32, 40 involved are set so that the desired flow temperature in the cold water supply system and the desired flow temperature in the hot water supply system are achieved.

Abstract

Die vorliegende Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der Haustechnik und betrifft ein Wasserversorgungssystem (2) mit einem an eine öffentliche Trinkwasser-Wasserversorgung angeschlossenen Hausanschluss (4), einem dem Hausanschluss (4) in Strömungsrichtung nachgeordneten und zumindest einen Verbraucher mit warmem Trinkwasser (TWW) versorgenden Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem (6) mit einer Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung (18), die an einen Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager (10) zum Erwärmen des Trinkwassers (TWW) angeschlossen ist und mit einer Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung (22) kommuniziert, die das warme Trinkwasser (TWW) von der Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung (18) an den Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager (10) zurückleitet, einer dem Hausanschluss (4) in Strömungsrichtung nachgeordneten und zumindest einen Verbraucher mit kaltem Trinkwasser (TWK) versorgenden Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem (8) mit einer Kaltwasser-Versorgungsleitung (26), die mit einer Kaltwasser Zirkulationsleitung (30) kommuniziert, das aufgrund einer Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung (34, 36), die dem kalten Trinkwasser (TWK) Wärme entzieht und diese Wärme dem warmen Trinkwasser (TWW) zuführt, effizienter und ressourcenschonender betrieben werden kann. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wasserversorgungssystems (2) mit einem an eine öffentliche Trinkwasser-Wasserversorgung angeschlossenen Hausanschluss (4), einem dem Hausanschluss in Strömungsrichtung nachgeordneten und zumindest einen Verbraucher mit Warmwasser versorgenden Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem (6) mit einer Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung (22) und einem dem Hausanschluss (4) in Strömungsrichtung nachgeordneten und zumindest einen Verbraucher mit Kaltwasser versorgenden Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem (8) mit einer Kaltwasser-Zirkulationsleitung (20), werden Wärmeverluste des Warmwasser-Versorgungssystems (6) durch Abfuhr von Wärme aus dem Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem (8) ausgeglichen.The present invention is in the field of building technology and relates to a water supply system (2) with a house connection (4) connected to a public drinking water supply, a house connection (4) downstream in the flow direction and supplying at least one consumer with warm drinking water (TWW) Hot water supply system (6) with a hot water supply line (18) which is connected to a hot water heat exchanger (10) for heating the drinking water (TWW) and which communicates with a hot water circulation line (22) which carries the warm drinking water (TWW ) from the hot water supply line (18) to the hot water heat exchanger (10), a cold water supply system (8) with a cold water supply line which is arranged downstream of the house connection (4) in the flow direction and supplies at least one consumer with cold drinking water (TWK) (26), which communicates with a cold water circulation line (30), the aufgr and a heat transfer device (34, 36) which extracts heat from the cold drinking water (TWK) and supplies this heat to the warm drinking water (TWW), which can be operated more efficiently and in a way that conserves resources. In the method according to the invention for operating a water supply system (2) with a house connection (4) connected to a public drinking water supply, a hot water supply system (6) which is arranged downstream of the house connection in the direction of flow and supplies at least one consumer with hot water, with a hot water circulation line ( 22) and a cold water supply system (8) with a cold water circulation line (20) arranged downstream of the house connection (4) in the flow direction and supplying at least one consumer with cold water, heat losses of the hot water supply system (6) are caused by the removal of heat from the cold water - Supply system (8) balanced.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der Haustechnik und betrifft ein Wasserversorgungssystem in einem Gebäude sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Systems.The present invention is in the field of building technology and relates to a water supply system in a building and a method for operating such a system.

Ein Wasserversorgungssystem gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung ist an eine öffentliche Trinkwasser-Wasserversorgung angeschlossen. Dieser Anschluss erfolgt über einen Hausanschluss. Der Hausanschluss ist auch bei der vorliegenden Erfindung gegenständlich durch eine eine Gebäudeaußenwand üblicherweise im Bereich eines Kellergeschosses durchsetzende Leitung gekennzeichnet, wobei unmittelbar benachbart zu der Durchsetzung der Wand regelmäßig im Gebäudeinnern ein Wasserzähler vorgesehen ist. In Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Hausanschluss wird das so zugeführte Trinkwasser einem Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem innerhalb des Gebäudes und einem Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem innerhalb des Gebäudes zugeführt. Jedes der Versorgungssysteme hat zumindest einen Verbraucher. Bei einem Verbraucher auch des erfindungsgemäßen Systems handelt es sich insbesondere um ein Waschbecken, eine Toilette, eine Dusche, eine Badewanne oder Trinkwasser verbrauchende Geräte wie Waschmaschinen, Spülmaschinen, Dampfkocher oder Kühlschränke.A water supply system according to the present application is connected to a public drinking water water supply. This connection is made via a house connection. In the present invention, too, the house connection is characterized by a line passing through an outer wall of a building, usually in the area of a basement, with a water meter regularly being provided inside the building immediately adjacent to the penetration of the wall. In the direction of flow behind the house connection, the drinking water supplied in this way is fed to a hot water supply system within the building and a cold water supply system within the building. Each of the supply systems has at least one consumer. A consumer of the system according to the invention is, in particular, a wash basin, a toilet, a shower, a bathtub or appliances that consume drinking water, such as washing machines, dishwashers, steam cookers or refrigerators.

Das Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem hat zum Anschluss des oder der Verbraucher zumindest eine Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung. In Strömungsrichtung dem Verbraucher vorgelagert ist in die Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung ein Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager eingebaut, über den das zunächst regelmäßig als kaltes Trinkwasser in das Gebäude eingeleitete Wasser auf Warmwassertemperatur gebracht wird, sodass sich dieses zum Duschen oder Baden eignet. In Strömungsrichtung hinter dem letzten Verbraucher ist zur Vermeidung der Abkühlung des Warmwassers durch Wärmeverluste im Rohrleitungsnetz eine Warmwasserzirkulationsleitung vorgesehen, die das Warmwasser von der Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung an den Wärmeübertrager zurückleitet. In der Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung ist üblicherweise ein thermisches Regulierventil vorgesehen, welches mit einem thermischen Stellglied versehen ist, das durch ein entsprechendes Einstellen eine solche Zirkulationsströmung sicherstellt, sodass die erforderliche Minimaltemperatur des Warmwassers weder in der Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung noch in der Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung nicht unterschritten wird. Bei, aufgrund einer zu geringen Zirkulationsströmung, zu kaltem Warmwasser öffnet das Regulierventil vermehrt einen Regelspalt, sodass ein zunehmender Volumenstrom an abgekühltem Warmwasser dem Wärmeübertrager zugeführt und dort durch den Wärmeübertrager wieder erwärmt wird. Die Zirkulation wird üblicherweise durch eine Pumpe bewirkt, die regelmäßig in der Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung eingebaut ist.The hot water supply system has at least one hot water supply line for connecting the consumer or consumers. Upstream of the consumer in the direction of flow, a hot water heat exchanger is installed in the hot water supply line, via which the water, which is initially regularly introduced into the building as cold drinking water, is brought to hot water temperature so that it is suitable for showering or bathing. In the direction of flow behind the last consumer, a hot water circulation line is provided to avoid the cooling of the hot water due to heat losses in the pipeline network, which returns the hot water from the hot water supply line to the heat exchanger. In the hot water circulation line, a thermal regulating valve is usually provided, which is provided with a thermal actuator that ensures such a circulation flow by setting it accordingly so that the required minimum temperature of the hot water is not fallen below either in the hot water supply line or in the hot water circulation line becomes. If the hot water is too cold due to insufficient circulation flow, the regulating valve increasingly opens a regulating gap so that an increasing volume flow of cooled hot water is fed to the heat exchanger and is heated again there by the heat exchanger. The circulation is usually effected by a pump that is regularly installed in the hot water circulation line.

Die zuvor beschriebene Gestaltung des Warmwasser-Versorgungssystems ist im Stand der Technik allgemein bekannt. Sie sind auch Merkmale erfindungsgemäßen Lösung.The design of the hot water supply system described above is generally known in the prior art. They are also features of the inventive solution.

Ferner ist beispielsweise aus EP 3 037 591 B1 eine Kaltwasser-Zirkulation bekannt, die sicherstellen soll, dass das Kaltwasser in dem Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem eine vorbestimmte Temperatur nicht überschreitet. Analog zum Warmwasser-Wasserzirkulationssystem wird aufgrund der Wärmeaufnahme des Rohrleitungssystems zu stark erwärmtes Kaltwasser über eine Kaltwasser-Zirkulationsleitung einer Kühlung zugeführt, wobei der Volumenstrom üblicherweise durch ein thermisches Regulierventil gesteuert wird. Auch von diesem grundlegenden Vorschlag macht die vorliegende Erfindung in der Regel Gebrauch.It is also off, for example EP 3 037 591 B1 a cold water circulation known, which is intended to ensure that the cold water in the cold water supply system does not exceed a predetermined temperature. Analogous to the hot water / water circulation system, excessively heated cold water is fed to a cooling system via a cold water circulation line due to the heat absorption of the pipeline system, the volume flow usually being controlled by a thermal regulating valve. The present invention also generally makes use of this basic proposal.

Die aus EP 3 037 591 B1 vorgeschriebene Lösung hat einen Wärmeübertrager, der das Trinckaltwasser kühlt. Die dort beschriebenen Anschlussmöglichkeiten von Verbrauchern an verschiedene Leitungsabschnitte der Kaltwasser-Versorgungsleitungen sind auch denkbare Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystems. Entsprechendes gilt für den Anschluss von Verbrauchern in dem Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem der vorliegenden Erfindung.From EP 3 037 591 B1 The prescribed solution has a heat exchanger that cools the drinking water. The connection options described there for consumers to different line sections of the cold water supply lines are also conceivable configurations of the cold water supply system according to the invention. The same applies to the connection of consumers in the hot water supply system of the present invention.

Ein Wasserversorgungssystem mit den oberbegrifflichen Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Wasserversorgungssystems mit den oberbegrifflichen Merkmalen von Anspruch 7 sind aus der WO 2011/071369 A1 bekannt. In dem Wasserversorgungssystem nach WO 2011/071369 A1 wird Trinkwasser durch eine Heizspule in einem Warmwasserpufferspeicher erwärmt und Wärmeverlust durch Zirkulation des warmen Trinkwassers mit einer Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung ausgeglichen, die Wärme zwischen einem Kaltwasserpufferspeicher und dem Warmwasserpufferspeicher überträgt.A water supply system with the preamble features of claim 1 and a method for operating such a water supply system with the preamble features of claim 7 are from US Pat WO 2011/071369 A1 known. In the water supply system after WO 2011/071369 A1 drinking water is heated by a heating coil in a hot water buffer tank and heat loss is compensated for by circulating the warm drinking water with a heat transfer device that transfers heat between a cold water buffer tank and the hot water buffer tank.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, ein effizienter zu betreibendes Wasserversorgungssystem anzugeben. Dabei soll die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ressourcenschonender betrieben werden können. Die Erfindung will auch ein entsprechendes Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wasserversorgungssystems angeben.The present invention is based on the problem of specifying a water supply system that can be operated more efficiently. The solution according to the invention should be able to be operated in a more resource-saving manner. The invention also aims to provide a corresponding method for operating a water supply system.

Hinsichtlich des vorrichtungsmäßigen Problems schlägt die vorliegende Erfindung ein Wasserversorgungssystem mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 vor. Dieses hat eine Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung, die dem Kaltwasser Wärme entzieht und diese Wärme dem Warmwasser zuführt. Durch die Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung wird das Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem thermisch mit dem Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem gekoppelt. Dadurch ist die Möglichkeit gegeben, die dem Kaltwasser zum Kühlen entzogene Wärmeenergie zum Erwärmen des Warmwassers zu nutzen. Auf diese Art und Weise werden die unerwünschten Zirkulationsverluste - Wärmeabgabe an die Umgebung im Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem und Wärmeaufnahme von der Umgebung im Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem - deutlich effizienter bekämpft.With regard to the device-related problem, the present invention proposes a water supply system with the features of claim 1. This has a heat transfer device that extracts heat from the cold water and transfers this heat to the hot water. The cold water supply system is thermally coupled to the hot water supply system by the heat transfer device. This enables the thermal energy withdrawn from the cold water for cooling to be used to heat the To use hot water. In this way, the undesired circulation losses - heat dissipation to the environment in the hot water supply system and heat absorption from the environment in the cold water supply system - are combated much more efficiently.

Soweit die vorliegende Erfindung darauf abstellt, dass die dem Kaltwasser entzogene Wärme dem Warmwasser zugeführt wird, bedeutet dies nicht zwingend, dass die dem Kaltwasser exakt entzogene Wärmemenge als Wärmeeintrag für das Warmwasser dient, da sämtliche wärmeübertragende Komponenten gewisse Wärmeverluste mit sich bringen. Gleichwohl aber kann gegenüber den vorbekannten Lösungen das Wasserversorgungssystem wesentlich wirtschaftlicher und ressourcenschonender betrieben werden, da im Gegensatz zu dem aus EP 3 037 591 B1 bekannten Vorschlag die im Rahmen der Kühlung des Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystems anfallende Wärme in das Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem eingespeist wird.Insofar as the present invention is based on the fact that the heat extracted from the cold water is fed to the hot water, this does not necessarily mean that the exact amount of heat extracted from the cold water serves as heat input for the hot water, since all heat-transferring components entail certain heat losses. At the same time, however, compared to the previously known solutions, the water supply system can be operated in a much more economical and resource-conserving manner, since, in contrast to the EP 3 037 591 B1 known proposal, the heat generated in the context of cooling the cold water supply system is fed into the hot water supply system.

Als Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung kann dabei jede Einrichtung genutzt und verstanden werden, die zumindest einen gewissen Wärmeanteil der dem Kaltwasser beim Kühlen entzogenen Wärme dem Warmwasser zuleitet. Als Kühlen in diesem Sinne ist dabei ein Vorgang zu verstehen, der dafür sorgt, dass das in dem Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem bereitgestellte Kaltwasser die gewünschte maximale Temperatur nicht übersteigt. Die maximale Temperatur wird dabei in der Regel als Rücklauftemperatur in Strömungsrichtung unmittelbar vor der Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung bzw. am Ende oder im hinteren Bereich der Kaltwasser-Versorgungsleitung gemessen.As a heat transfer device in the sense of the present invention, any device can be used and understood that conducts at least a certain amount of heat from the heat extracted from the cold water during cooling to the hot water. In this context, cooling is to be understood as a process which ensures that the cold water provided in the cold water supply system does not exceed the desired maximum temperature. The maximum temperature is usually measured as the return temperature in the direction of flow directly in front of the heat transfer device or at the end or in the rear region of the cold water supply line.

Die Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung kann unmittelbar zwischen dem Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem und dem Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem verbaut sein. Dementsprechend wird durch die Wärmeübertragung der Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung das Warmwasser unmittelbar in dem Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem gewärmt.The heat transfer device can be installed directly between the cold water supply system and the hot water supply system. Accordingly, the hot water is heated directly in the hot water supply system by the heat transfer of the heat transfer device.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist eine solche Lösung durch eine Wärmepumpe gegeben, die zwischen der Kaltwasser-Zirkulationsleitung und der Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung Wärme überträgt. Der Wärmepumpe wird dabei üblicherweise zusätzlich elektrische Energie zugeführt, sodass die dem Kaltwasser entzogene Wärme zusammen mit der zugeführten elektrischen Energie zu einem Wärmeeintrag in das Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem führt. Die Wärmepumpe ist dabei den jeweiligen Zirkulationsleitungen zugeordnet. Diese Zirkulationsleitungen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie gegenüber den jeweiligen Versorgungsleitungen für Warmwasser bzw. Kaltwasser einen verminderten Strömungsdurchmesser von zumindest einer Nenndurchmesser-Stufe haben. Die Zirkulationsleitung schließt sich an die Versorgungsleitung an, die mit dem in Strömungsrichtung letzten Verbraucher endet. An dieser Stelle bzw. innerhalb der Zirkulationsleitung ist regelmäßig ein thermisches regulierendes Regulierventilvorgesehen, welches temperaturabhängig den Zirkulationsvolumenstrom reguliert. Die Warmwasser- bzw. Kaltwasser-Zirkulationsleitung muss üblicherweise nur einen gegenüber dem Versorgungsstrom verminderten Zirkulationsvolumenstrom führen. Die Zirkulationsleitung kann auch als Rohr-in-Rohr-Leitung innerhalb der Versorgungsleitung oder eines Teils davon für Kaltwasser bzw. Warmwasser verlegt sein.According to the invention, such a solution is provided by a heat pump which transfers heat between the cold water circulation line and the hot water circulation line. The heat pump is usually additionally supplied with electrical energy, so that the heat extracted from the cold water, together with the supplied electrical energy, leads to a heat input into the hot water supply system. The heat pump is assigned to the respective circulation lines. These circulation lines are characterized in that they have a reduced flow diameter of at least one nominal diameter step compared to the respective supply lines for hot water or cold water. The circulation line connects to the supply line which ends with the last consumer in the direction of flow. At this point or within the In the circulation line, a thermally regulating regulating valve is regularly provided, which regulates the circulation volume flow depending on the temperature. The hot water or cold water circulation line usually only has to carry a circulation volume flow that is less than the supply flow. The circulation line can also be laid as a pipe-in-pipe line within the supply line or a part of it for cold water or hot water.

Als Wärmepumpe im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung kann jedwede Wärmepumpe verwendet werden, die das notwendige Verhältnis von dem Kaltwasser entzogener Wärme und dem Warmwasser zugeführter Wärme zur Aufrechterhaltung einer maximal zulässigen -Kaltwasser-Temperatur und/oder Mindest-Warmwasser-Temperatur ermöglicht. Je nach Anwendungsfall kann es auch sinnvoll sein, eine Wärmepumpe mithilfe von Peltier-Elementen auszubilden.Any heat pump that enables the necessary ratio of the heat extracted from the cold water and the heat supplied to the hot water to maintain a maximum permissible cold water temperature and / or minimum hot water temperature can be used as a heat pump in the context of the present invention. Depending on the application, it can also make sense to design a heat pump with the help of Peltier elements.

Die der Wärmepumpe zugeführte elektrische Leistung muss nicht notwendigerweise im Rahmen der Erfindung einen Wärmeeintrag in das Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem bewirken. Vielmehr kann diese elektrische Energie allein für die Pumpfunktion der Wärmepumpe verbraucht werden, die darin besteht, die dem Kaltwasser entzogene Wärme dem Warmwasser zuzuführen. Die Wärmepumpe kann aber bevorzugt so betrieben werden, dass Zirkulations-Wärmeverluste in dem Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem durch die elektrische Leistung und die dem Kaltwasser entzogene Wärme vollständig ausgeglichen werden. So kann zum Austausch von Zirkulations-Wärmeverlusten auf den Betrieb eines Boilers, eines Brenners oder dergleichen, der in einem Primärkreislauf des dem Warmwasser zugeordneten Wärmeübertragers vorgesehen ist, gegebenenfalls verzichtet werden.The electrical power supplied to the heat pump does not necessarily have to bring about a heat input into the hot water supply system within the scope of the invention. Rather, this electrical energy can be used solely for the pumping function of the heat pump, which consists in supplying the heat extracted from the cold water to the hot water. The heat pump can, however, preferably be operated in such a way that circulation heat losses in the hot water supply system are completely compensated for by the electrical power and the heat extracted from the cold water. For example, in order to exchange circulation heat losses, the operation of a boiler, a burner or the like, which is provided in a primary circuit of the heat exchanger assigned to the hot water, can optionally be dispensed with.

Die Wärmepumpe sowie die Pumpleistung von zugeordneten Zirkulationspumpen für das Kaltwasser und das Warmwasser werden bevorzugt so geregelt, dass die in dem Kaltwasser-System erforderliche Kaltwassertemperatur, bevorzugt in den beiden Systemen die erforderlichen Temperaturen erreicht werden.The heat pump and the pumping capacity of assigned circulation pumps for the cold water and the hot water are preferably regulated in such a way that the cold water temperature required in the cold water system, preferably the temperatures required in the two systems, are achieved.

In entsprechender Weise wird vorzugsweise auch eine Pumpe gesteuert, die als Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager-Pumpe in einen Primärkreislauf des Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager eingebaut ist und mit einem Pufferspeicher kommuniziert. Der Pufferspeicher des Warmwassersystems stellt dabei einen Wärmespeicher dar, der durch Betrieb der Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager-Pumpe genutzt werden kann, um zusätzliche Wärme über den Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager in das Sekundärsystem des zirkulierenden Trinkwarmwassers einzuspeisen. Es versteht sich, dass im Rahmen des Betriebs des erfindungsgemäßen Wasserversorgungssystems der Warmwasser- Wärmeübertrager und die diesem zugeordnete Pumpe vornehmlich den Bedarf an Warmwasser in dem Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem decken sollen und in entsprechender Weise betrieben werden. Diese Anforderung wird im Rahmen der Steuerung des Gesamtsystems priorisiert.In a corresponding manner, a pump is preferably also controlled, which is installed as a hot water heat exchanger pump in a primary circuit of the hot water heat exchanger and communicates with a buffer store. The buffer storage of the hot water system is a heat storage device that can be used by operating the hot water heat exchanger pump to feed additional heat into the secondary system of the circulating hot water via the hot water heat exchanger. It it goes without saying that within the scope of the operation of the water supply system according to the invention, the hot water heat exchanger and the pump assigned to it are primarily intended to meet the demand for hot water in the hot water supply system and are operated in a corresponding manner. This requirement is prioritized as part of the control of the overall system.

Während zuvor mit der Wärmepumpe, die zwischen den beiden Zirkulationsleitungen für Warmwasser und Kaltwasser Wärme überträgt, eine Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung vorgestellt wurde, die unmittelbar zwischen dem Trinkwasser Wärme überträgt, kann eine Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung auch Wärme zwischen zwei ggf. stoffidentischen Wärmeübertragungsmedien tauschen, die jeweils über einen zugeordneten Wärmeübertrager mit dem Trinkkaltwasser bzw. Trinkwarmwasser verbunden sind. Ein Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager wurde zuvor bereits als Trennung zwischen einem primären Wärmeträger und dem zu erwärmenden Warmwasser beschrieben. Auch das Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystems kann gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung einen Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager aufweisen, dessen Primärseite mit einem Pufferspeicher, bevorzugt mit dem gleichen Pufferspeicher kommuniziert wie die Primärseite des Warmwasser-Wärmeübertragers.While a heat transfer device in the sense of the present invention was previously presented with the heat pump, which transfers heat between the two circulation lines for hot water and cold water, which transfers heat directly between the drinking water, a heat transfer device in the sense of the present invention can also transfer heat between two possibly Exchange material-identical heat transfer media, which are each connected to the cold or hot water via an assigned heat exchanger. A hot water heat exchanger has already been described as a separation between a primary heat transfer medium and the hot water to be heated. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cold water supply system can also have a cold water heat exchanger, the primary side of which communicates with a buffer store, preferably with the same buffer store as the primary side of the hot water heat exchanger.

Die Wärmeübertragung erfolgt auf der Primärseite zwischen den Wärmeübertragungsmedien der von Warmwasser- und Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager.The heat transfer takes place on the primary side between the heat transfer media of the hot water and cold water heat exchangers.

Dabei kann insbesondere eine Wärmepumpe in den Primärkreislauf des Pufferspeichers integriert sein. Dies bedeutet nicht notwendig, dass die Wärmepumpe innerhalb des Speichervolumens des Pufferspeichers vorgesehen ist. Vielmehr kann die Wärmepumpe auch durch Rohre mit den beiden Speichervolumen oder dem einheitlichen Speichervolumen des Pufferspeichers verbunden sein. Die Wärmepumpe kann aber auch innerhalb des einheitlichen Speichers angeordnet sein.In particular, a heat pump can be integrated into the primary circuit of the buffer store. This does not necessarily mean that the heat pump is provided within the storage volume of the buffer storage tank. Rather, the heat pump can also be connected to the two storage volumes or the uniform storage volume of the buffer tank by pipes. The heat pump can, however, also be arranged within the uniform memory.

Die Wärmepumpe bewirkt üblicherweise eine Temperaturschichtung in den Pufferspeicher, sodass maximal kaltes Wärmeträgermedium des Primärkreislaufs an dem Boden des Pufferspeichers vorgesehen ist, wohingegen maximal warmes Wärmespeichermedium im obersten Bereich des einheitlichen Pufferspeichers vorgesehen ist. Dort schließen die Zufuhrleitungen zu dem Wärmespeicher für das Kaltwasser einerseits und für das Warmwasser andererseits an. Die Rückführung der in den Primärkreisläufen zirkulierenden Wärmeübertragungsmedien erfolgt in einem mittleren Bereich des Pufferspeichers, wobei der von dem Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager zurückführte Strom des Wärmeübertragungsmediums unterhalb des entsprechenden, von dem Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager zurückgeführten Mediums in den Pufferspeicher eingeleitet wird. Der Pufferspeicher kann dabei bevorzugt nach einem der Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß DE 20 2015 006 684 U1 ausgebildet sein.The heat pump usually causes temperature stratification in the buffer storage, so that a maximum of cold heat transfer medium of the primary circuit is provided at the bottom of the buffer storage, whereas maximally warm heat storage medium is provided in the uppermost area of the uniform buffer storage. There the supply lines connect to the heat accumulator for the cold water on the one hand and for the hot water on the other hand. The return of the heat transfer media circulating in the primary circuits takes place in a central area of the buffer tank, with that from the cold water heat exchanger returned flow of the heat transfer medium is introduced below the corresponding medium returned by the hot water heat exchanger into the buffer storage. The buffer memory can preferably according to one of the embodiments according to DE 20 2015 006 684 U1 be trained.

Insbesondere kann der einheitliche Pufferspeicher so ausgebildet sein, dass aufgrund der internen Wärmepumpe ein Wärmestrom innerhalb des Pufferspeichers von der kalten zu der warmen Seite fließt.In particular, the uniform buffer store can be designed in such a way that, due to the internal heat pump, a heat flow within the buffer store flows from the cold to the warm side.

Auch bei dieser Variante erfolgt die Regelung der Leistungen der vier beteiligten Pumpen und der Wärmepumpe bevorzugt so, dass die minimale Warmwasser-Temperatur in dem Warmwasser-, Versorgungssystem einerseits erreicht und die maximale Kaltwassertemperatur des Kaltwasser-, Versorgungssystems nicht überschritten wird. Auch die dem Pufferspeicher zugeordneten, bevorzugt in dem Pufferspeicher eingebaute Wärmepumpe kann sich des Einsatzes von Peltier-Elementen bedienen, wie dies die DE 20 2015 006 684 U1 lehrt.In this variant, too, the performance of the four pumps involved and the heat pump is preferably regulated in such a way that the minimum hot water temperature in the hot water supply system is reached on the one hand and the maximum cold water temperature of the cold water supply system is not exceeded. The heat pump, which is assigned to the buffer memory and is preferably built into the buffer memory, can also use Peltier elements, as is the case with the DE 20 2015 006 684 U1 teaches.

Die beiden zuvor beschriebenen grundsätzlichen Alternativen bieten für sich jeweils die Möglichkeit, bei relativ einfachem Aufbau in einem Wasserversorgungssystem in einem Gebäude mit Trinkkaltwasser und Trinkwarmwasser die gewünschten Temperaturwerte zur Bereitstellung von Trinkwasser an den jeweiligen Verbrauchern und an jeder sonstigen Stelle des Trinkwasserversorgungssystems einzuhalten. Die zirkulationsbedingten Wärmeverluste des Trinkwarmwassers werden teilweise durch Entzug von Wärme aus dem Trinkwarmwasser ausgeglichen.The two basic alternatives described above each offer the possibility of maintaining the desired temperature values for providing drinking water to the respective consumers and at any other point in the drinking water supply system with a relatively simple structure in a water supply system in a building with cold and hot water. The circulation-related heat losses of the domestic hot water are partially compensated for by extracting heat from the domestic hot water.

So bietet die erfindungsgemäße Lösung eine verbesserte Trinkwasserhygiene, da das Trinckaltwasser eine überkritische warme Temperatur nicht erreicht, gleichzeitig aber auch eine effizientere Nutzung der Ressourcen Energie und Wasser. Denn da die Temperaturwerte für das Kaltwasser und das Warmwasser eingehalten werden und dieses zirkuliert, kann ein regelmäßiges Spülen unter Ableitung des Trinkkaltwassers und/oder des Trinkwarmwassers reduziert oder bei entsprechender Nutzung gänzlich darauf verzichtet werden.The solution according to the invention thus offers improved drinking water hygiene, since the cold drinking water does not reach a supercritical warm temperature, but at the same time also a more efficient use of energy and water resources. Because the temperature values for the cold water and the hot water are maintained and this circulates, regular flushing with the drainage of the cold drinking water and / or the hot drinking water can be reduced or completely dispensed with if used accordingly.

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von zwei Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung vorgestellt. In dieser zeigen:

Figur 1:
ein Anschlussschaubild für ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel und
Figur 2:
ein Anschlussschaubild für ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel.
The present invention is presented below on the basis of two exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. In this show:
Figure 1:
a connection diagram for a first embodiment and
Figure 2:
a connection diagram for a second embodiment.

Die beiden Ausführungsbeispiele verdeutlichen jeweils ein Wasserversorgungssystem 2, welches an einen Hausanschluss 4 angeschlossen ist, dessen Position in etwa durch einen nicht dargestellten Wasserzähler mit 5 gekennzeichnet ist. In Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Hausanschluss 4 wird das zugeleitete Trinkwasser verzweigt. Dieses wird entweder einem Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem 6 oder einem Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem 8 zugeleitet.The two exemplary embodiments each illustrate a water supply system 2 which is connected to a house connection 4, the position of which is approximately indicated by a 5 water meter (not shown). In the direction of flow behind the house connection 4, the drinking water supplied is branched. This is either fed to a hot water supply system 6 or a cold water supply system 8.

Das in das Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem 6 eingeleitete kalte Wasser wird zunächst über einen Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager 10 geführt und hierbei erwärmt. Die Wärme wird dabei über einen Primärkreislauf 12 des Warmwasser-Wärmeübertragers 10 bereitgestellt, der über eine Wärmeübertrager-Pumpe 14 mit einem Pufferspeicher 16 kommuniziert. In diesem Primärkreislauf 12 ist üblicherweise auch ein Wärmeerzeuger integriert, der dem Primärkreislauf 12 Wärme zuführt.The cold water introduced into the hot water supply system 6 is first passed through a hot water heat exchanger 10 and heated in the process. The heat is provided via a primary circuit 12 of the hot water heat exchanger 10, which communicates with a buffer store 16 via a heat exchanger pump 14. A heat generator, which supplies heat to the primary circuit 12, is usually also integrated in this primary circuit 12.

In Strömungsrichtung des warmen Trinkwassers TWW zirkuliert dieses von dem Hausanschluss 4 über den Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager 10 durch eine Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung 18 zu verschiedenen Verbrauchern, die an die Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung 18 unmittelbar angeschlossen sind. Hinter dem in Strömungsrichtung letzten Verbraucher endet die Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung 18. Dahinter ist ein thermisches Regulierventil 20 in das Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem 6 integriert. Der Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung 18 schließt sich eine Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung 22 an, die das aufgrund von Zirkulationsverlusten erkaltete Warmwasser TWW über eine Warmwasser-Zirkulationspumpe 24 erneut dem Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager 10 zuführt.In the direction of flow of the warm drinking water TWW, it circulates from the house connection 4 via the warm water heat exchanger 10 through a warm water supply line 18 to various consumers that are directly connected to the warm water supply line 18. The hot water supply line 18 ends behind the last consumer in the direction of flow. Behind it, a thermal regulating valve 20 is integrated into the hot water supply system 6. The hot water supply line 18 is followed by a hot water circulation line 22 which returns the hot water TWW, which has cooled down due to circulation losses, to the hot water heat exchanger 10 via a hot water circulation pump 24.

Das Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem 8 ist in entsprechender Weise aufgebaut. Die das kalte Trinkwasser TWK leitenden Komponenten sind mit dem Bezugszeichen 26 bis 32 gekennzeichnet. Ein Wärmeübertrager, der in das Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem 8 eingebaut ist, fehlt bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel. Denn für die Bereitstellung von Trinkwarmwasser ist in dem Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem 6 ein entsprechender Wärmeübertrager 10 notwendig, wohingegen das Kaltwasser mit der gewünschten Temperatur bereits an dem Hausanschluss 4 bereitgestellt wird.The cold water supply system 8 is constructed in a corresponding manner. The components conducting the cold drinking water TWK are identified with the reference symbols 26 to 32. A heat exchanger which is built into the cold water supply system 8 is missing in this exemplary embodiment. This is because a corresponding heat exchanger 10 is necessary in the hot water supply system 6 for the provision of domestic hot water, whereas the cold water at the desired temperature is already provided at the house connection 4.

In Strömungsrichtung den Pumpen 24 bzw. 32 vorgelagert befindet sich als Ausführungsbeispiel einer Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung eine Wärmepumpe 34. Diese entzieht dem zirkulierenden Kaltwasser aus der Kaltwasser-Zirkulationsleitung 30 Wärme und speist diese Wärme zusammen mit der der Wärmepumpe zugeführten elektrischen Energie in die Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung 22 ein.A heat pump 34 is located upstream of the pumps 24 or 32 in the direction of flow as an exemplary embodiment of a heat transfer device .

Die strich-punktierten Linien in Figur 1 verdeutlichen die steuerungsmäßige Kopplung zwischen der Warmwasser-Zirkulationspumpe 24, der Kaltwasser-Zirkulationspumpe 32 und der Wärmepumpe 34. Der Steuerung ist zumindest ein Thermometer zugeordnet, das im Bereich der Kaltwasser-Zirkulationsleitung 30 vorgesehen ist und beispielsweise eine Kaltwasser-Vorlauftemperatur überwacht, mit welcher das in der Wärmepumpe 34 gekühlte Kaltwasser TWK der Kaltwasser-Versorgungsleitung 26 zugeführt wird. Diese Temperatur ist Stellgröße des Regelkreises. Die jeweiligen Volumenströme des Kaltwassers TWK bzw. des Warmwassers TWW in den Zirkulationsleitungen 22, 30 werden dabei so gesteuert, dass die entsprechende voreingestellte Vorlauftemperatur des Kaltwassers TWK unter Berücksichtigung der elektrischen Leistung der Wärmepumpe 34 erreicht wird. Eine größere Wärmeleistung kann beispielsweise dadurch abgeführt werden, dass der Volumenstrom des Trinkwarmwassers durch die Leistung der entsprechenden Warmwasser-Zirkulationspumpe 24 erhöht wird.The dash-dotted lines in Figure 1 illustrate the control-related coupling between the hot water circulation pump 24, the cold water circulation pump 32 and the heat pump 34. At least one thermometer is assigned to the control, which is provided in the area of the cold water circulation line 30 and monitors, for example, a cold water flow temperature with which the Cold water TWK cooled in the heat pump 34 is supplied to the cold water supply line 26. This temperature is the manipulated variable of the control loop. The respective volume flows of the cold water TWK or the hot water TWW in the circulation lines 22, 30 are controlled in such a way that the corresponding preset flow temperature of the cold water TWK is reached taking into account the electrical power of the heat pump 34. A greater heat output can be dissipated, for example, by increasing the volume flow of the domestic hot water through the output of the corresponding hot water circulation pump 24.

In den Regelkreis wird üblicherweise auch die Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager-Pumpe 14 eingebunden, die bei unzureichender Erwärmung des Trinkwarmwassers TWW aufgrund der Wärmepumpe 34 zunehmend das in dem Puffer 16 enthaltene primäre Wärmespeichermedium umwälzt, um vermehrt Wärme über den Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager 10 in Richtung auf das Trinkwarmwasser TWW zu übertragen.The hot water heat exchanger pump 14 is usually also integrated into the control circuit, which, if the domestic hot water TWW is insufficiently heated due to the heat pump 34, increasingly circulates the primary heat storage medium contained in the buffer 16 in order to increase the heat via the hot water heat exchanger 10 in the direction of the DHW transferring hot water.

Die Figur 2 zeigt ein alternatives Anschlussschaubild für ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel. Gleiche Bauteile sind gegenüber dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Anschlussschaubild mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.The Figure 2 shows an alternative connection diagram for a second embodiment. The same components are compared to the in Figure 1 The connection diagram shown is provided with the same reference numerals.

Im Unterschied zu dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel hat das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 keine Wärmepumpe, die Wärme zwischen den beiden Zirkulationsleitungen 22, 30 überträgt. Vielmehr befindet sich die Wärmepumpe innerhalb des Pufferspeichers 16 und ist mit Bezugszeichen 36 gekennzeichnet. Diese Puffer-Wärmepumpe 36 sorgt für eine angemessene Temperaturschichtung innerhalb des Pufferspeichers 16. Die Puffer-Wärmepumpe 36 bewirkt einen Wärmefluss von der kalten Seite auf die warme Seite des Pufferspeichers 16. Die Puffer-Wärmepumpe 36 kann dabei gemäß DE 20 2015 006 684 U1 der Anmelderin ausgebildet sein.In contrast to the in Figure 1 The embodiment shown has the embodiment according to Figure 2 no heat pump that transfers heat between the two circulation lines 22, 30. Rather, the heat pump is located within the buffer store 16 and is identified by reference numeral 36. This buffer heat pump 36 ensures an appropriate temperature stratification within the buffer tank 16. The buffer heat pump 36 causes a heat flow from the cold side to the warm side of the buffer tank 16. The buffer heat pump 36 can according to FIG DE 20 2015 006 684 U1 be trained by the applicant.

Das in Figur 2 gezeigt Ausführungsbeispiel hat ferner einen mit Bezugszeichen 38 gekennzeichneten Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager, dem eine Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager-Pumpe 40 zugeordnet ist, die Teile eines mit Bezugszeichen 42 gekennzeichneten Primärkreislauf des Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystems 8 sind. Über diese Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager-Pumpe 40 zirkuliert das Wärmeübertragungsmedium des Primärkreislaufs 42 des Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager 38 mit dem Pufferspeicher 16. Wie ersichtlich wird das kalte primäre Wärmeübertragungsmedium von dem Boden des Pufferspeichers 16 abgezogen, dem Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager 38 zugeführt und in einem mittleren Bereich in den Pufferspeicher 16 eingeleitet. Die Einleitung erfolgt im Schwerefeld der Erde unterhalb der Pufferspeicher-Wärmepumpe 36. In entsprechender Weise zirkuliert das Wärmeübertragungsmedium auf der Primärseite des Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager 10. Dazu wird das Wärmeübertragungsmedium am obersten Punkt des Pufferspeichers 16 abgezogen, dem Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager 10 zugeführt und im mittleren Bereich oberhalb der Puffer-Wärmepumpe 36 in den Pufferspeicher 16 zurückgeleitet.This in Figure 2 The embodiment shown also has a cold water heat exchanger identified by reference numeral 38, to which a cold water heat exchanger pump 40 is assigned, which are parts of a primary circuit of the cold water supply system 8 identified by reference numeral 42. Via this cold water heat exchanger pump 40 the heat transfer medium of the primary circuit 42 of the cold water heat exchanger 38 circulates with the buffer storage 16. As can be seen, the cold primary heat transfer medium is drawn off from the bottom of the buffer storage 16, fed to the cold water heat exchanger 38 and introduced into a central area in the buffer storage 16. The introduction takes place in the gravitational field of the earth below the buffer storage heat pump 36. In a corresponding manner, the heat transfer medium circulates on the primary side of the hot water heat exchanger 10 The area above the buffer heat pump 36 is fed back into the buffer storage 16.

Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Wärme zwischen der Kaltwasser- und der Warmwasserseite dementsprechend nicht unmittelbar zwischen TWW und TWK gepumpt. Vielmehr erfolgt die Wärmeübertragung im Primärkreislauf. Die so übertragene Wärme wird über die jeweiligen Wärmeübertrager 10, 38 dem Trinkkaltwasser bzw. Trinkwarmwasser zugeführt bzw. entzogen.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the heat between the cold water and the hot water side is accordingly not pumped directly between TWW and TWK. Rather, the heat transfer takes place in the primary circuit. The heat transferred in this way is supplied to or withdrawn from the cold drinking water or hot drinking water via the respective heat exchangers 10, 38.

Auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt die Regelung vorzugsweise über die Vorlauftemperatur des Kaltwassers. Die der Pufferspeicher-Wärmepumpe 36 zugeführte elektrische Energie ergibt zusammen mit der dem kalten Trinkwasser TWK im Primärkreislauf entzogene Wärme, die dem Warmwasser im Primärkreislauf zugeführte Wärme. Die Leistung der Wärmepumpe sowie die Leistungen der vier beteiligten Pumpen 14, 24, 32, 40 werden so eingestellt, dass die gewünschte Vorlauftemperatur im Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem und die gewünschte Vorlauftemperatur im Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem jeweils erreicht wird.In this exemplary embodiment, too, regulation preferably takes place via the flow temperature of the cold water. The electrical energy supplied to the buffer storage heat pump 36, together with the heat extracted from the cold drinking water TWK in the primary circuit, results in the heat supplied to the hot water in the primary circuit. The performance of the heat pump and the performance of the four pumps 14, 24, 32, 40 involved are set so that the desired flow temperature in the cold water supply system and the desired flow temperature in the hot water supply system are achieved.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

22
WasserversorgungssystemWater supply system
44th
HausanschlussHouse connection
55
Wasserzählerwater meter
66th
Warmwasser-VersorgungssystemHot water supply system
88th
Kaltwasser-VersorgungssystemCold water supply system
1010
Warmwasser-WärmeübertragerHot water heat exchanger
1212
Primärkreislauf - Warmwasser-VersorgungssystemPrimary circuit - hot water supply system
1414th
Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager-PumpeHot water heat exchanger pump
1616
PufferspeicherBuffer storage
1818th
Warmwasser-VersorgungsleitungHot water supply line
2020th
Regulierventil TWWControl valve TWW
2222nd
Warmwasser-ZirkulationsleitungHot water circulation line
2424
Warmwasser-ZirkulationspumpeHot water circulation pump
2626th
Kaltwasser-VersorgungsleitungCold water supply line
2828
Regulierventil TWKRegulating valve TWK
3030th
Kaltwasser-ZirkulationsleitungCold water circulation line
3232
Kaltwasser-ZirkulationspumpeCold water circulation pump
3434
WärmepumpeHeat pump
3636
Pufferspeicher-WärmepumpeBuffer storage heat pump
3838
Kaltwasser-WärmeübertragerCold water heat exchanger
4040
Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager-PumpeCold water heat exchanger pump
4242
Primärkreislauf - Kaltwasser-VersorgungssystemPrimary circuit - cold water supply system

Claims (7)

Wasserversorgungssystem (2) mit einem an eine öffentliche Trinkwasser-Wasserversorgung angeschlossenen Hausanschluss (4), einem dem Hausanschluss (4) in Strömungsrichtung nachgeordneten und zumindest einen Verbraucher mit warmem Trinkwasser (TWW) versorgenden Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem (6) mit einer Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung (18), die an einen Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager (10) zum Erwärmen des Trinkwassers (TWW) angeschlossen ist und mit einer Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung (22) kommuniziert, die das warme Trinkwasser (TWW) von der Warmwasser-Versorgungsleitung (18) an den Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager (10) zurückleitet, einem dem Hausanschluss (4) in Strömungsrichtung nachgeordneten und zumindest einen Verbraucher mit kaltem Trinkwasser (TWK) versorgenden Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem (8) mit einer Kaltwasser-Versorgungsleitung (26), die mit einer Kaltwasser Zirkulationsleitung (30) kommuniziert, und einer Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung (34, 36), die dem kalten Trinkwasser (TWK) Wärme entzieht und diese Wärme dem warmen Trinkwasser (TWW) zuführt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung eine die Wärme zwischen der Kaltwasser-Zirkulationsleitung (30) und der Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung (22) übertragende Wärmepumpe (34) ist.Water supply system (2) with a house connection (4) connected to a public drinking water supply, a hot water supply system (6) with a hot water supply line (6) which is arranged downstream of the house connection (4) in the direction of flow and supplies at least one consumer with warm drinking water (TWW) 18), which is connected to a hot water heat exchanger (10) for heating the drinking water (TWW) and communicates with a hot water circulation line (22) that transfers the warm drinking water (TWW) from the hot water supply line (18) to the hot water -Heat exchanger (10), a cold water supply system (8) which is arranged downstream of the house connection (4) in the flow direction and which supplies at least one consumer with cold drinking water (TWK) with a cold water supply line (26) which is connected to a cold water circulation line (30) communicates, and a heat transfer device (34, 36), which the cold drinking water (TWK) heat e draws this heat into the warm drinking water (TWW),
characterized in that the heat transfer device is a heat pump (34) which transfers the heat between the cold water circulation line (30) and the hot water circulation line (22). Wasserversorgungssystem nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch einen im Primärkreislauf des Warmwasser-Wärmeübertragers (10) vorgesehenen Pufferspeicher (16) und einer auf der Primärseite des Warmwasser-Wärmeübertragers (10) vorgesehene Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager-Pumpe (14).Water supply system according to Claim 1, characterized by a buffer store (16) provided in the primary circuit of the hot water heat exchanger (10) and a hot water heat exchanger pump (14) provided on the primary side of the hot water heat exchanger (10). Wasserversorgungssystem (2) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem (8) einen Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager (38) aufweist, in dessen Primärkreislauf eine Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager-Pumpe (40) integriert ist, und dass der Primärkreislauf des Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertrager (38) über die Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung (36) wärmemäßig mit dem Primärkreislauf des Warmwasser-Wärmeübertrager (10) gekoppelt ist.Water supply system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cold water supply system (8) has a cold water heat exchanger (38), in whose primary circuit a cold water heat exchanger pump (40) is integrated, and that the primary circuit of the The cold water heat exchanger (38) is thermally coupled to the primary circuit of the hot water heat exchanger (10) via the heat transfer device (36). Wasserversorgungssystem (2) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das der Primärkreislauf des Kaltwasser-Wärmeübertragers (38) und der Primärkreislauf des Warmwasser-Wärmeübertragers (10) mit dem gleichen Pufferspeicher (16) kommunizieren.Water supply system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary circuit of the cold water heat exchanger (38) and the primary circuit of the hot water heat exchanger (10) communicate with the same buffer store (16). Wasserversorgungssystem nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Pufferspeicher (16) eine Wärmepumpe (36) zugeordnet ist.Water supply system according to Claim 4, characterized in that a heat pump (36) is assigned to the buffer store (16). Wasserversorgungssystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmepumpe (36) in dem in den Pufferspeicher (16) integriert ist.Water supply system according to Claim 5, characterized in that the heat pump (36) is integrated in the buffer store (16). Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wasserversorgungssystems (2) mit einem an eine öffentliche Trinkwasser-Wasserversorgung angeschlossenen Hausanschluss (4), einem dem Hausanschluss in Strömungsrichtung nachgeordneten und zumindest einen Verbraucher mit Warmwasser versorgenden Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem (6) mit einer Warmwasser-Zirkulationsleitung (22) und einem dem Hausanschluss (4) in Strömungsrichtung nachgeordneten und zumindest einen Verbraucher mit Kaltwasser versorgenden Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem (8) mit einer Kaltwasser-Zirkulationsleitung (20), wobei Wärmeverluste des Warmwasser-Versorgungssystems (6) durch Abfuhr von Wärme aus dem Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem (8) ausgeglichen werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Einstellung einer Solltemperatur in einem von Warmwasser-Versorgungssystem (6) und Kaltwasser-Versorgungssystem (8) der Volumenstrom zumindest eines von Warmwasser (TWW) oder Kaltwasser (TWK) und/oder eines primären Wärmeübertragungsmediums in einem wärmemäßig mit dem Warmwasser (TWW) oder dem Kaltwasser (TWK) gekoppelten Kreislauf gesteuert wird.A method for operating a water supply system (2) with a house connection (4) connected to a public drinking water supply, a hot water supply system (6) which is arranged downstream of the house connection in the flow direction and which supplies at least one consumer with hot water, with a hot water circulation line (22) and a cold water supply system (8), which is arranged downstream of the house connection (4) in the flow direction and which supplies at least one consumer with cold water, with a cold water circulation line (20), with heat losses of the hot water supply system (6) being caused by the removal of heat from the cold water supply system ( 8) be balanced,
characterized in that, for setting a target temperature in one of the hot water supply system (6) and the cold water supply system (8), the volume flow of at least one of hot water (TWW) or cold water (TWK) and / or a primary heat transfer medium in a thermal with the hot water (TWW) or the cold water (TWK) coupled circuit is controlled.
EP20161155.5A 2019-03-07 2020-03-05 Water supply system and method for operating same Active EP3705789B1 (en)

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EP4130584A1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-08 EXERGENE Technologie GmbH Conduit assembly with decentralized drinking water heating and method for operating a conduit assembly
EP4244539A4 (en) * 2020-11-16 2024-05-01 Energybooster Ab Hot water circulation system and method for operating the same

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WO2011071369A1 (en) 2009-12-11 2011-06-16 Hemme, Renerus Maria Device for supplying tap water and method for controlling pathogens in such a device
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EP4244539A4 (en) * 2020-11-16 2024-05-01 Energybooster Ab Hot water circulation system and method for operating the same
EP4130584A1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-02-08 EXERGENE Technologie GmbH Conduit assembly with decentralized drinking water heating and method for operating a conduit assembly

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