EP3692429A1 - Verfahren zum anordnen von fahrzeugen in einem platoon sowie steueranordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zum anordnen von fahrzeugen in einem platoon sowie steueranordnung zur durchführung des verfahrensInfo
- Publication number
- EP3692429A1 EP3692429A1 EP18772740.9A EP18772740A EP3692429A1 EP 3692429 A1 EP3692429 A1 EP 3692429A1 EP 18772740 A EP18772740 A EP 18772740A EP 3692429 A1 EP3692429 A1 EP 3692429A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- wind
- vehicles
- soll
- offset
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0287—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles involving a plurality of land vehicles, e.g. fleet or convoy travelling
- G05D1/0291—Fleet control
- G05D1/0293—Convoy travelling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/22—Platooning, i.e. convoy of communicating vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/04—Monitoring the functioning of the control system
- B60W50/045—Monitoring control system parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0287—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles involving a plurality of land vehicles, e.g. fleet or convoy travelling
- G05D1/0291—Fleet control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2554/00—Input parameters relating to objects
- B60W2554/40—Dynamic objects, e.g. animals, windblown objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2554/00—Input parameters relating to objects
- B60W2554/80—Spatial relation or speed relative to objects
- B60W2554/802—Longitudinal distance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2555/00—Input parameters relating to exterior conditions, not covered by groups B60W2552/00, B60W2554/00
- B60W2555/20—Ambient conditions, e.g. wind or rain
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for arranging vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles, in a platoon, as well as a control arrangement for carrying out the method.
- a distance control system also referred to as adaptive cruise control (ACC)
- ACC adaptive cruise control
- a driver-specified desired longitudinal offset i. a distance to the vehicle in front in the direction of travel of the own vehicle, between the own vehicle and a directly preceding vehicle can be adjusted.
- a brake unit or a drive unit of the own vehicle is controlled by a distance control control device of the distance control system in order to regulate the predetermined desired longitudinal offset.
- a platooning control device For driving in a platoon, in which several vehicles move in a coordinated manner in a convoy, a platooning control device is conventionally provided in one's own vehicle, which uses its own vehicle dynamics information or data relating to its own vehicle and the current vehicle environment Vehicle is adequately controlled in order to ensure a safe and as good as possible rang ert operating the own vehicle and possibly also other vehicles during a trip in the column.
- control data is determined by the platooning control device or a further vehicle controller as a function of the present dynamic data and output this to the brake unit and / or the drive unit in order to operate the own vehicle as calculated and thus set a desired driving behavior within the platoon.
- the distances between the vehicles in a platoon this can be set lower than in a conventional distance control system, as an extended coordination between the vehicles takes place.
- a platooning control device is shown, with which the own vehicle can be controlled in a safe and reliable manner within a platoon, wherein the driving behavior of other vehicles in the vehicle environment of the own vehicle is monitored by sensors.
- a wireless data communication between the vehicles of the platoon is provided, via which the driving behavior of the vehicles can be coordinated.
- vehicle dynamics information is exchanged and based on a platooning control device in the respective vehicle, a desired acceleration or a desired speed determined and output to the brake unit or the drive unit to a certain desired longitudinal offset between the own vehicle and the to control the respective preceding vehicle.
- an air guidance system is shown which, in the case of platooning, is unfolded and whose shape can be adapted to the speed and weather conditions. Settings of the air handling system can also be adjusted depending on a position of the vehicle in the platoon.
- DE 10 2010 013 647 B4 describes a platoon of a master vehicle, which coordinates the platoon, and other vehicles, wherein the host vehicle in particular position assignments and speed specifications and thus predetermined longitudinal offsets to the other vehicles that meet these requirements on the brake unit and / or the Implement drive unit.
- the requirements are transmitted via wireless data communication to the individual vehicles, which are then coordinated by a platoon ing implement accordingly by engaging in the brake unit and / or the drive unit.
- a disadvantage of the described platooning systems is that only the desired longitudinal offset, i. the distance in the direction of travel, between the respective vehicles is set and this, if at all, ensures with only a lower optimization of the fuel consumption when acting on the vehicles crosswind.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a control arrangement for arranging vehicles in a platoon, with which in different wind conditions a safe and fuel-efficient operation of the vehicles can be ensured within the platoon.
- a desired longitudinal offset ie a distance between vehicles of a platoon in the direction of travel of the respective vehicles
- a desired transverse offset ie a distance between the vehicles of the platoon perpendicular to the direction of travel of the respective vehicles, depending on ambient conditions , in particular as a function of wind effect quantities, to be determined so that the air resistance acting on at least one of the vehicles is reduced.
- the air resistance here indicates the resistance that the air, which is located in a vehicle environment around the respective vehicle, the respective vehicle opposes.
- the air resistance of a vehicle is dependent, in particular, on the dynamics of the air surrounding the respective vehicle, ie in particular a wind speed and / or a wind direction with which the air moves relative to the vehicle.
- This dynamic the air surrounding the respective vehicle is characterized according to the invention by the wind effect size.
- a platoon is here understood to mean a formation of at least two vehicles which run in a row behind one another and whose driving dynamics, for example their vehicle speeds and / or actual longitudinal offsets and / or actual transverse offsets, and / or their positions are coordinated with one another.
- the vote can be made for example via a mutual observation and / or data exchange between the vehicles, so that an actual longitudinal offset between the individual vehicles can be adjusted, which may be less than a usual safety distance under certain circumstances.
- vehicles of the platoon are safe and fuel-efficient only arranged or coordinated, which is to be understood in the context of the invention that a determination of Target positions or desired offsets (longitudinal and / or transverse) of vehicles takes place within a platoon in order to align the vehicles to one another and / or relative to a lane. This results in a certain actual arrangement or alignment of the vehicles to each other, if these desired offsets are also set below.
- Arranging thus does not necessarily include the real or physical positioning of the vehicles relative to one another, ie the actuation of actuators in the vehicle for converting the desired offsets. This can preferably take place in a subsequent step.
- the wind action variable characterizes the apparent wind, since it actually acts on the respective vehicle in a driving situation and can be at least partially shadowed in the course of the platooning by an arrangement of the vehicles in order to drive in a fuel-efficient manner.
- only the true wind can be determined (for example via wind sensors next to the road), which ensures (in crosswinds) that the apparent wind receives a component that deviates from the direction of travel or even amplifies or weakens the airstream. This can then be used, for example, with knowledge of the vehicle speed (airstream) to specify the respective desired offset.
- the wind effective variable which characterizes the wind with regard to its wind speed and wind direction, is determined individually for each vehicle in order to individually determine the optimum for each vehicle Positioning based on the wind actually acting on this vehicle to determine.
- the wind conditions on the individual vehicles in the platoon for example, due to driving in the slipstream change or may have different effects, for example due to different vehicle bodies of the respective preceding vehicle.
- the method preferably uses only sensor data that is detected by a steering angle sensor of a steering unit and / or by means of a yaw rate sensor for determining the wind forces.
- a cost-effective design of the necessary components for the process can be ensured since such sensors are usually present in the vehicle and thus no additional components are needed.
- the probability of failure of sensors of the vehicle is kept low if the number of sensors is minimized.
- the wind forces it is possible for the wind forces to be determined in this way by only one vehicle of the platoon, for example the first vehicle. However, an individual determination can also be provided.
- a yaw rate difference can be formed which serves to determine the wind effective variable, since the wind acting on the vehicle causes some countersteering by the driver For example, depending on the wind speed and / or the wind direction and that does not affect fully on the actual yaw rate due to the acting wind.
- An alternative or supplementary variant of the method provides an air flow sensor, which can also provide data on the prevailing wind forces. Furthermore, the airflow sensor can also provide redundant data to the data of the steering angle sensor and the yaw rate sensor, which compensated by the redundant data both sensor failures but also measurement uncertainties can be plausibility.
- the desired transverse offset is also determined on the basis of sensor signals determined by means of a sensor system, such as cameras, radar sensors or ultrasound sensors, so that advantageously the maximum allowable nominal lateral offset between two vehicles based on a currently available track width, the Dependence of the sensor signals is determined results.
- a sensor system such as cameras, radar sensors or ultrasound sensors
- a desired longitudinal offset between the vehicles can influence the desired lateral offset between the vehicles to be determined or vice versa, as it may be necessary to align the vehicle differently in crosswinds, without falling below a minimum distance (longitudinal offset).
- a determination of the desired transverse offset based on the actual longitudinal offset can also be advantageous for a reduction of the air resistance.
- Optimizing air resistance in a platoon may have the goal of minimizing overall air drag of the entire platoon. This results in the total drag of the platoon by adding the air resistance of the individual vehicles of the platoon. But even minimizing the air resistance of each individual vehicle in its position in the platoon may be the goal of the process if minimizing the total drag of the platoon is not expedient, for example. This is the case, for example, if the minimization of the air resistance of the entire platoon by possibly strongly varying environmental conditions requires high computer capacities, or the optimized air resistance is required for individual vehicles.
- the method uses the number of vehicles in the platoon to optimally divide the dependent on the track width desired lateral offset of the vehicles to each other on several vehicles.
- the track width can be divided into equally large desired transverse offsets to the respectively directly preceding vehicles for at least part of the vehicles of the platoon. This division can be done, for example, centrally controlled, for example, in one of the vehicles of the platoon.
- each vehicle of the platoon is preferably also determined on the basis of the aerodynamic properties of the respective vehicle.
- the aerodynamic properties of the respective vehicle are not only the vehicle height, the vehicle length and the vehicle width, but also the vehicle geometry within the outer dimensions, such as front or rear air handling systems, in particular spoiler, the geometry of the vehicle body, but also the nature of the vehicle body relevant because, for example, at the same Vehicle geometry a structure consisting of tarpaulin and mirror, aerodynamically different from a box body.
- a minimization of the total air resistance or of the individual air resistance can therefore in addition to the according to the invention determination of the desired transverse offset and / or the desired longitudinal offset in addition by the order in which the vehicles are arranged one behind the other, can be achieved.
- the desired longitudinal offset and / or the desired transverse offset between two vehicles can be set as a function of the aerodynamic properties, since these affect the shading of side wind, in particular for the following vehicle and thus on the air resistance can.
- another influencing variable influencing the wind can therefore be taken into account in order to enable fuel-efficient operation as simply and efficiently as possible.
- the ascertained arrangements are preferably adjusted automatically by setting the desired longitudinal offset by an automated driving of a drive and / or a brake unit and the desired transverse offset by an automated control of a steering unit becomes.
- a particularly accurate approximation of the actual longitudinal offset or of the actual transverse offset to the desired longitudinal offset or the desired transverse offset and a particularly fuel-saving operation can be achieved, in particular without the driver having to be on the spot or attentive.
- the desired longitudinal offset and the desired transverse offset are preferably determined by the respectively following vehicle.
- the first vehicle of the platoon may be assigned, by default, a position at the extreme edge of the lane - in the direction from which the wind is coming - and the following vehicles may be determined by changes in environmental conditions, in particular wind conditions an adjusted nominal longitudinal offset and target lateral offset adjust the actual longitudinal offset and the actual lateral offset according to the changed environmental conditions without using the communication system.
- an optimal arrangement of the vehicles to each other can be achieved without additional communication between the vehicles.
- An alternative variant of the method provides that the desired longitudinal offset and the desired transverse offset are determined by any vehicle of the platoons and the desired longitudinal offset and the desired transverse offset are transmitted by means of a communication system to the relevant vehicles.
- This makes it possible that only one vehicle in the platoon has to take over the determination according to the invention of the desired transverse offset and / or the desired longitudinal offset centrally, and the other vehicles of the platoon receive the desired longitudinal displacements and desired transverse offsets determined thereby and only adjust the actual longitudinal offset and the actual lateral offset accordingly. It can be transmitted to the central vehicle via the communication system and the individually determined in the respective vehicle wind efficiencies.
- the control arrangement according to the invention for vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles, for carrying out the method according to the invention has a sensor system, in particular a steering angle sensor, a yaw rate sensor and / or an airflow sensor, for detecting wind forces in order to be able to characterize the prevailing wind in the vehicle environment.
- the sensor system can be arranged on only one of the vehicles that coordinates the entire platoon and can be estimated by means of algorithms which take into account the aerodynamic properties of the vehicles, the wind acting on the other vehicles.
- each vehicle may have such a sensor system. to accurately detect the prevailing wind at each individual vehicle.
- the control arrangement furthermore has a platooning control device that uses the wind conditions or wind action variables determined by the sensor system, optionally determines the resulting apparent wind for each vehicle of the platoon and determines therefrom a desired longitudinal offset and / or desired transverse offset controlled by a vehicle controller.
- the vehicle control determines from the desired longitudinal offset and / or the desired transverse offset a desired acceleration or a desired steering angle.
- the platooning control device and the vehicle control can also be combined.
- control arrangement further comprises a drive unit and / or a brake unit, which converts the desired longitudinal offset or the desired acceleration and / or the desired lateral offset (steering braking) controlled by the vehicle control and a steering unit for the automated setting of the target Steering angle for converting the desired transverse offset.
- a drive unit and / or a brake unit which converts the desired longitudinal offset or the desired acceleration and / or the desired lateral offset (steering braking) controlled by the vehicle control and a steering unit for the automated setting of the target Steering angle for converting the desired transverse offset.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a platoon
- Fig. 2a, b is a first illustration of wind conditions during platooning
- 4 shows an exemplary positioning of vehicles in a planet
- 5 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention.
- a lane 200 is shown with a track width SB, where the track width SB is the maximum usable area of the lane 200, e.g. the area between lane markings of the lane 200, taking into account bulges on the vehicle Fi, for example protruding mirrors.
- the air resistance LUi indicates the resistance that the air located in a vehicle environment U around the respective vehicle Fi opposes to the respective vehicle Fi, the direction of the air flow causing the air resistance LUi being indicated by an arrow in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 3 is indicated.
- the components of the control arrangement 1 are shown only for the second vehicle F2.
- a current offset of the two vehicles Fi to each other in a y-direction is indicated by an actual lateral offset D_lst_y.
- a current offset of the vehicles Fi to each other in an x-direction is indicated by an actual longitudinal offset D_lst_x, according to this embodiment
- Actual lateral offset D_lst_y and the actual longitudinal offset D lst x are given in relation to the first vehicle F1 in the first position P1.
- the coordinate system used is a vehicle-fixed Cartesian coordinate system, the origin of which lies, for example, on a front side of the first vehicle F1 and which is aligned as in FIG. The origin can also be fixed to the vehicle in the second vehicle F2.
- the actual lateral offset D_lst_y can furthermore also be specified starting from the central axes of the two vehicles Fi.
- a platooning control device 20 is provided in each vehicle Fi, which is designed to coordinate the respective vehicle Fi within the platoon 100, by a desired longitudinal offset D_Soll_x and a desired lateral offset D_Soll_y to the one or the other Vehicles Fi is set in the platoon 100.
- the platooning control device 20 can resort in particular to environmental data S4 received by means of a communication system 30 in the vehicle Fi from a vehicle environment U, but also to status data S5 which are determined in the respective vehicle Fi itself.
- the communication system 30 serves the wireless transmission of data between the vehicles Fi, z. To the platoon 100, and / or between vehicles Fi and infrastructures 70 (street signs, traffic guidance system, etc.), i. wireless communication is ensured via a V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) or a V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) connection, for example via WLAN, Bluetooth, DSRC, GSM, UMTS etc.
- V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
- V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
- the environment data S4 contains, for example, current information about the other vehicles Fi in the platoon 100, in particular current speeds, accelerations, upcoming braking maneuvers, etc. but also vehicle characteristics of the individual vehicles Fi in the platoon 100, eg maximum speeds or maximum accelerations or delays, and upcoming traffic conditions, eg speed limits, construction sites, accidents, etc.
- aerodynamic properties AE of the other vehicles Fi can be included.
- aerodynamic properties AE can here, for example, a vehicle height HFi, a vehicle length LFi and a vehicle width BFi, the presence and setting of air handling systems LLS, in particular spoilers, and a characteristic of a vehicle body of the vehicle, such as a geometry of the vehicle body or the nature of the vehicle body , be taken into account.
- the platooning control device 20 can set a lower desired longitudinal offset D_Soll_x between the vehicles Fi, to which the actual longitudinal offset D_lst_x is to be adjusted, than usual. Since minimum distances can be chosen smaller by the coordination between the vehicles Fi and / or the infrastructure facilities 70. Thus, the air resistance LUi on individual vehicles Fi in the platoon 100 can be reduced more than un coordinated with vehicles driving one behind the other.
- the status data S5 which is accessed by the platooning control device 20, can be obtained in particular by means of a sensor or sensors.
- sensors for determining an actual yaw rate Glst, z. B. yaw rate sensors 1 1 a be provided.
- the sensors may include distance sensors 1 1 b, such as radar sensors or ultrasonic sensors, in order to enable a determination of the currently present actual longitudinal offset D_lst_x and the actual lateral offset D_lst_y.
- cameras 1 1 c may be provided for detecting lanes 200 or for deriving the usable track width SB.
- air flow sensors 1 1 d may be provided for detecting a wind action variable, the wind action variable characterizing wind conditions of a wind acting on the respective vehicle Fi, ie air moving in the vehicle environment U.
- the wind acting on the respective vehicle Fi is in this case an apparent wind W1 which, according to FIGS. 2a and 2b, is composed of a travel wind W2 and a true wind W3 by vector addition.
- a second vector V2 and the true wind W3, which corresponds to the meteorological wind are assigned a third vector V3 to the travel wind W2, which runs parallel to the x direction or to the direction of movement of the vehicle Fi and which is dependent on a vehicle speed vFzg ,
- a first vector V1 associated with the apparent wind W1 then follows from a vector addition of the second and third vectors V2, V3.
- the length and the direction of the vectors V1, V2, V3 is determined by the speed (wind force) or the direction of the respective wind W1, W2, W3.
- a wind direction WR and / or a wind speed vW can be specified as the wind effective variable, which determine the direction or the speed of the apparent wind W1 that actually acts on the respective vehicle Fi.
- the air flow sensors 1 d it is possible to determine precisely these wind action quantities vW, WR of the apparent wind W1.
- the air resistance LUi acting on the respective vehicle Fi is in this case dependent in particular on these wind action variables vW, WR.
- the wind forces vW, WR can also be determined from the actual yaw rate Glst and a current actual steering angle LWIst, which is measured via a steering angle sensor 8, by a yaw rate Gp to be expected on the basis of the current actual steering angle LWIst actual actual yaw rate Glst is compared.
- a yaw rate difference dG ie a difference between the two yaw rates Gst, Gp, is influenced by the wind direction WR and the wind speed vW of the true wind W1, so that the wind direction WR and the wind speed vW follow via a calibration from the yaw rate difference dG.
- a yaw rate difference dG of zero and in crosswind (true wind W1), ie parallel to the y-direction, a yaw rate difference dG of greater than zero is to be expected, because the driver counteracts the crosswind by countersteering.
- the actual yaw rate Gst will not change as a result of the pure counter steering, but the expected yaw rate Gp will increase or decrease depending on the wind direction WR due to the counter steering.
- the platooning control device 20 can set a desired lateral offset D_Soll_y for the respective vehicle Fi relative to the preceding vehicle Fi in order to control the vehicles Fi in the platoon 100-acting air resistance LUi to optimize.
- the predetermined desired longitudinal offset D_Soll_x or the current actual longitudinal offset D_lst_x can also be taken into account, ie how much two vehicles Fi approach each other, since this can slightly change the effective area, in particular of the true wind W2, on the following vehicle Fi.
- a desired longitudinal offset D Soll x and / or a desired lateral offset D_Soll_y between the vehicles Fi can also be transmitted as ambient data S4 via the communication system 30, ie another vehicle Fi in the platoon 100 determines how, for example, the preceding first Vehicle F1 with respect to the subsequent second vehicle F2 (or turned over) has to align, in particular with respect to the desired lateral offset D_Soll_y.
- This can be useful, for example, when the second (or the other respectively) vehicle F2 has changed or has detected different wind forces vW, WR that change the actual lateral offset D_lst_y by controlling the first vehicle F1 and making use of the full vehicle Track width SB required to continue to save fuel.
- the specification of a desired transverse offset D_Soll_y can be made by another vehicle Fi.
- an optimal utilization of the track width SB can be achieved by a vote on several vehicles Fi, especially when there are more than two vehicles Fi in a platoon 100, ie at A> 2.
- the platooning control device 20 in the corresponding vehicle Fi thus forwards only the desired longitudinal offset D_soll_x received via the communication system 30 from another vehicle Fi and / or the received desired lateral offset D_soll_y for implementation in the own vehicle Fi or gives one due the wind Wirkdonatingn vW, WR determined Soll longitudinal offset D_Soll_x and / or the desired lateral offset D_Soll_y to the communication system 30 so that it can pass an instruction to change the orientation to another vehicle Fi in Platoon 100.
- a track distance SA in one or at- Directions are given, wherein the track distance SA indicates the distance of the respective vehicle Fi to the laterally maximum usable range of the lane 200, which is determined by the track width SB, and automatically leads to the predetermined target lateral offset D_Soll_y.
- control arrangement 1 in the respective vehicle Fi has the following components which make it possible to coordinate the respective vehicle Fi on the basis of the environment data S4 and the state data S5 coordinated by the platooning control device 20 within the platoon 100 to control:
- a drive unit 2 which has a drive control device 3 for driving an engine and / or a transmission of the respective vehicle Fi, wherein the engine and / or the transmission in response to one of the drive control device 3 predetermined target acceleration aSoll for a positive acceleration of the vehicle Fi or for a negative acceleration (engine braking) can be controlled.
- a brake unit 4 which has a brake control device 5 for activating brakes of the respective vehicle Fi, for example service brakes, in order to be able to implement a predetermined negative setpoint acceleration aSoll.
- a steering unit 6 has a steering angle sensor 8 for measuring the currently set actual steering angle LWIst and a steering actuator 9 for setting an automatically predetermined target steering angle LWSoll.
- the actual steering angle LWist detected and outputted from the steering angle sensor 8 may be given to a steering controller 7, and the target steering angle LWSoll may be output from the steering controller 7 to the steering actuator 9, for example, one automatically to give prescribed steering.
- each of said units 2, 4, 6 and the sensors 1 1 1 a ... 1 1 d, the platooning controller 20 and the communication system 30 signal-connected to a central vehicle controller 18, so that the vehicle controller 18 the Environment data S4 and the status data S5 process as actual sizes and / or can forward.
- the platooning controller 20 and the vehicle controller 18 may also be combined, for example as part of a software extension.
- the vehicle controller 18 can also be combined with a conventional distance control system, extended by the possibility of also effecting a steering, in order to also set the desired lateral offset D_Soll_y.
- control data S3 which serve as desired variables for coordinated control of the respective vehicle Fi in Platoon 100 can then be output from the vehicle controller 18 to the corresponding unit 2, 4, 6 so that they can make their arrangements according to the control data S3 accordingly to implement the target sizes.
- the vehicle controller 18 thus serves as a central hub for receiving and distributing the individual detected variables. In detail, this can be done, for example, as follows:
- the platooning controller 20 receives from the vehicle controller 18 the environmental data S4 and the status data S5 in the manner described above.
- the platooning control device 20 determines from the environmental data S4 and the state data S5 the desired longitudinal offset D_Soll_x and the desired lateral offset D_Soll_y, with which the respective vehicle Fi its air resistance LUi and / or the air resistance LUi another vehicle Fi and / or a 100 total platoon GLU drag reduced.
- the total air resistance GLU results from the sum the individual air resistance LUi.
- the desired transverse offset D_Soll_y and / or the desired longitudinal offset D_Soll_x can be determined, for example, via a calibration as a function of the wind effective variable vW, WR. That The corresponding determined wind effective variables vW, WR, in particular the wind direction WR, is assigned a nominal transverse offset D_Soll_y and / or the nominal longitudinal offset D_Soll_x via a characteristic curve or a characteristic curve field. In this case, the calibration can furthermore take into account variables which are related to the wind W1, W2, W3, for example the set desired longitudinal offset D_Soll_x or the actual longitudinal offset D_lst_x and also aerodynamic properties AE of the respective vehicle Fi.
- the aerodynamic properties AE can here, for example, the vehicle height HFi, the vehicle length LFi and the vehicle width BFi, the presence and setting of air ducts LLS, for example spoilers, and a characteristic of a vehicle body of the vehicle, such as a geometry of the vehicle body or the nature of the vehicle body , be taken into account. That the desired offsets D_Soll_y, D_Soll_x can also be determined in terms of how well the respective vehicle Fi can shade the wind W1, W2, W3, in particular for the following vehicle Fi.
- FIGS. 2a, 2b an example of a platoon 100 comprising two vehicles Fi and apparent wind W1 with different wind forces vW, WR shown.
- the lowest air resistance LUi acts the vehicles Fi of the platoon 100 when the vehicles Fi are moving relative to each other with an actual lateral offset D_lst_y. This can be recognized by the platooning control device 20 on the basis of the state data S5, whereupon a desired transverse offset D_soll_y of zero is determined.
- a slightly offset driving according to the method according to the invention is more advantageous for wind resistance LUi both for the first vehicle F1 in the first position P1 and for the following second vehicle F2 in the second position P2.
- a predefinition of the positions Pk of the respective vehicle Fi in the platoon 100 can take place via the environmental data S4, the position Pk of each vehicle Fi in the platoon 100 being based, for example, on the aerodynamic properties AE of the respective vehicle Fi is determined.
- target lateral offset D_Soll_y and the desired longitudinal offset D_Soll_x and possibly also the resulting track distance SA are transmitted to the vehicle controller 18, the resulting vehicle target acceleration aSoll and a Target steering angle LWSoll determined taking into account the current actual longitudinal offset D_lst_x or actual lateral offset D_lst_y, the actual steering angle LWIst and limit values.
- These are transmitted as control data S3 to the respective unit 2, 4, 6, so that they can provide for a conversion of the control data S3 or an adjustment of the desired transverse offset D_Soll_y and the desired longitudinal offset D_Soll_x.
- the preceding vehicle or vehicles Fi can also be transmitted via the communication system 30, e.g. be notified in the form of the track distance SA that this (s) evades or avoid by engaging in the steering in the appropriate direction within the track width SB.
- FIG. 4 shows by way of example a platoon 100 with five vehicles Fi.
- the first vehicle F1 having the first position P1 and the third vehicle F3 having the third position P3 utilize the maximum usable lane width SB, so that another displacement in the y-direction for the fourth vehicle F4 in the fourth position P4 not possible.
- the fourth vehicle F4 in the fourth position P4 of the Platooning- controller 20 is a target lateral offset D_Soll_y from zero to the first vehicle F1 in the first position P1 and a corresponding large desired lateral offset D_Soll_y to the third vehicle F3 in the third position Assigned to P3.
- the fourth vehicle F4 is set to take full advantage of the lane 200 to the right, although this increases the air resistance LU4 of the fourth vehicle F4 in the fourth position P4. compared to a desired lateral offset D_Soll_y from zero to the third vehicle F3 in the third position P3.
- the specification for such an arrangement of the vehicles Fi can in this case be carried out centrally as a function of the wind conditions of the apparent wind W1 by determining the desired transverse offsets D_Soll_y centrally, for example as a function of the number A of vehicles Fi in the platoon 100 and the track width SB, and as environmental data S4 via the communication system 30 are received and implemented in each vehicle Fi.
- each vehicle Fi determines the desired lateral offset D_Soll_y itself, wherein upon detection that the track width SB is exceeded, the other side of the lane 200 is driven or a corresponding default is issued to the or the preceding vehicles Fi, the respective actual -Querverficient D_lst_x adapt and / or if possible, the lane 200 fully exploit.
- FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, method steps StO to St5 for arranging or coordinating vehicles Fi in a Piatoon 100 according to the invention.
- the method is started by having a vehicle Fi connected to a piatoon 100, i. a platooning mode has been activated.
- the wind conditions of the apparent wind W1 characterizing wind forces vW, WR are the actual steering angle LWIst and the actual yaw rate Glst or the yaw rate difference dG, which is the difference between the actual yaw rate Glst and expected yaw rate Gp results for at least one of the vehicles Fi of the platoon 100 and / or determined by the air flow sensors 1 1 d on one of the vehicles Fi of the cartoon 100.
- the wind forces vW, WR determined in the first step St1 are used in a second step St2 to determine the desired lateral offset D_Soll_y and / or the target longitudinal offset D_Soll_x to be set between two vehicles Fi of the platoon 100 in order to determine the air resistance LUi of the individual vehicles Fi in the Piatoon 100 and / or the total air resistance GLU of all vehicles Fi with regard to the prevailing wind conditions of the apparent wind W1.
- the setpoint longitudinal offset D_soll_x which is based on environmental data S4 yields, and / or the currently present actual longitudinal offset D lst x and / or the track width SB and / or the aerodynamic properties AE and / or the number A of the vehicles Fi are used in the platoon 100 to determine the desired lateral offset D_Soll_y .
- the determination of the desired lateral offset D_Soll_y can take place in the respective vehicle Fi itself or can be done centrally and then transmitted to the respective vehicle Fi for implementation.
- a fourth step St4 the drive unit 2 or the brake unit 4 of the relevant vehicle Fi is actuated in the platoon 100 with a desired acceleration aSoll in order to adapt the actual longitudinal offset D_lst_x to the desired longitudinal offset D_Soll_x.
- a fifth step St5 the control of the steering unit 6 of the relevant vehicle Fi in the platoon 100 takes place with the desired steering angle LWSoll for adapting the actual lateral offset D_lst_y to the desired transverse offset D_Soll_y.
- the method returns to the first step St1 as long as the vehicle Fi is in the platooning mode.
- V1 first vector associated with wind W1
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017009306.7A DE102017009306A1 (de) | 2017-10-07 | 2017-10-07 | Verfahren zum Anordnen von Fahrzeugen in einem Platoon sowie Steueranordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
PCT/EP2018/073387 WO2019068397A1 (de) | 2017-10-07 | 2018-08-30 | Verfahren zum anordnen von fahrzeugen in einem platoon sowie steueranordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3692429A1 true EP3692429A1 (de) | 2020-08-12 |
Family
ID=63637854
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18772740.9A Withdrawn EP3692429A1 (de) | 2017-10-07 | 2018-08-30 | Verfahren zum anordnen von fahrzeugen in einem platoon sowie steueranordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20200250991A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3692429A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN111164532A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017009306A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019068397A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
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DE102018130968B4 (de) * | 2018-12-05 | 2022-10-06 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstellen einer aerodynamik an einem fahrenden fahrzeug |
IT201900011883A1 (it) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-16 | Iveco Spa | Sistema di guida migliorato per un convoglio di veicoli configurati per guida in modalita' platooning |
DE102019212189A1 (de) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-02-18 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Verfahren zum Vermeiden eines Kaskadeneffekts bei aufeinanderfolgenden autonomen Fahrzeugen |
US11676492B2 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2023-06-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | System and method for cooperative robotics |
DE102019219280A1 (de) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren zur Ausrichtung von Fahrzeugen in einer Fahrzeugkolonne |
DE102020213261A1 (de) | 2020-10-20 | 2022-04-21 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und System zur Optimierung von Kolonnenfahrten durch Strömungssensoren |
DE102020129291A1 (de) | 2020-11-06 | 2022-05-12 | Man Truck & Bus Se | Steuervorrichtung zur Längs- und/oder Querführung in einem Fahrzeugverband |
EP4002048A1 (de) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-25 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Verfahren zur verminderung des luftwiderstandes für ein fahrzeug |
CN114495478A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-05-13 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | 车队控制方法、装置、介质、电子设备 |
CN114973767B (zh) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-07-11 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | 一种针对智能车群的编队行驶控制方法及系统 |
CN115273448B (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2023-11-10 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | 一种降低前后车气动阻力的方法和前后车系统 |
JP2024030599A (ja) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-03-07 | 株式会社デンソー | ナビゲートシステム、ナビゲート方法、ナビゲートプログラム |
JP2024030601A (ja) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-03-07 | 株式会社デンソー | ナビゲートシステム、ナビゲート方法、ナビゲートプログラム |
CN118358573B (zh) * | 2024-06-18 | 2024-08-27 | 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司 | 基于车队的智能驾驶方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004017638B4 (de) * | 2004-04-10 | 2016-02-25 | Daimler Ag | Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren für ein Fahrzeug zur Ermittlung mindestens eines Seitenwind-Wertes |
US8676466B2 (en) | 2009-04-06 | 2014-03-18 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fail-safe speed profiles for cooperative autonomous vehicles |
WO2011125193A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両走行支援装置 |
EP2390744B1 (de) * | 2010-05-31 | 2012-11-14 | Volvo Car Corporation | Steuersystem zum Fahren in einem Zug |
DE102011109632A1 (de) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-07 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Fahrerassistenzsystems |
EP2637072B1 (de) * | 2012-03-05 | 2017-10-11 | Volvo Car Corporation | Spurverfolgung eines Zielfahrzeugs |
CA2907452A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Peloton Technology Inc. | Vehicle platooning systems and methods |
SE539861C2 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2017-12-27 | Scania Cv Ab | A device and a method for organizing a vehicle train, and a vehicle comprising the device |
SE538848C2 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2017-01-03 | Scania Cv Ab | Motor Vehicle for Inclusion in a Vehicle Train in which the Relative Lateral Vehicle Positions are Adjustable and corresponding Method |
DE102016008387A1 (de) * | 2016-07-09 | 2017-02-16 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren und System für eine aerodynamisch optimale Kolonnenfahrt von Fahrzeugen, insbesondere von schweren Nutzfahrzeugen |
-
2017
- 2017-10-07 DE DE102017009306.7A patent/DE102017009306A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-08-30 CN CN201880064527.7A patent/CN111164532A/zh active Pending
- 2018-08-30 US US16/753,805 patent/US20200250991A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-08-30 EP EP18772740.9A patent/EP3692429A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-08-30 WO PCT/EP2018/073387 patent/WO2019068397A1/de active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN111164532A (zh) | 2020-05-15 |
WO2019068397A1 (de) | 2019-04-11 |
US20200250991A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
DE102017009306A1 (de) | 2019-04-11 |
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