EP3681711A1 - Kunststofffaserverbundwerkstoff-aluminium-laminat sowie herstellung und verwendung - Google Patents
Kunststofffaserverbundwerkstoff-aluminium-laminat sowie herstellung und verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3681711A1 EP3681711A1 EP18759847.9A EP18759847A EP3681711A1 EP 3681711 A1 EP3681711 A1 EP 3681711A1 EP 18759847 A EP18759847 A EP 18759847A EP 3681711 A1 EP3681711 A1 EP 3681711A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fiber composite
- plastic fiber
- aluminum
- composite material
- laminate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009745 resin transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B3/06—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/10—Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/542—Shear strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/18—Aircraft
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plastic fiber composite-aluminum laminate comprising at least one flat body of aluminum and / or an aluminum alloy and a plastic fiber composite material with a matrix material having a first or at least temporarily under temperature influence flowable and hereafter cured state. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate as a mechanically strong lightweight material.
- Matrix material with embedded therein usually oriented fibers of glass or carbon are suitable for this purpose.
- the polymers may be thermosets, thermoplastics or elastomers, with epoxy resins being particularly widespread.
- epoxy resins being particularly widespread.
- Construction can generally lie.
- Impact induced energy can not be dissipated by the fiber composite alone by local deformation, but often creates far-reaching cracks and delamination of the fibers from the matrix along the entire structure Examination is often barely recognizable, so that even with a small impact damage to the surface of a structure that need not be visible to the naked eye, the total failure of the structure under renewed mechanical stress must be expected.
- Laminates of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and aluminum are described, for example, in the publications GB 2253185 A and EP 1767343 A1
- Such laminates have also been extensively investigated in recent years for their behavior under "mechanical impact”, for example by Cepeda-Jimenez et al., "Influence of the alumina thickness at the interfaces on the fracture mechanisms of aluminum multilayer composites", Material Science and Engineering A 496 (2008), pp. 133-142 or Moriniere et al., “Damage Eur. J. Eng. 2 (4), 2012, pp. 603-61 1 or by Jakubczak et al., "The impact behavior of aluminum hybrid laminates ", Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology: An International Journal, Vol. 86 (4), 2014, pp. 287-294.
- Adhesion of the metal layers to the fiber composite layers allows delamination at the interfacial layers. Also, all measures involving chemical bonding between metal and fiber composite e.g. By improving the anodization of aluminum and additional adhesion promoters, the problem has not been fundamentally solved.
- Fig. 1 a shows, for example, a wire mesh made of metal, through the mesh through which the matrix material of the fiber composite material can form bridge connections on both sides of the network in the laminate.
- the same purpose is the provided with holes metal foil in Fig. 1 b).
- the permeability of the metal layers can be given as the ratio of the summed cross-sectional areas of the holes to the metal layer surface. It is 28% in Fig. 1 a) and 23% in Fig. 1 b). Indeed, as shown in Figure 4, higher interlaminar shear strength is experimentally detectable for perforated metal sheets, with higher permeability also exhibiting higher shear strength.
- the metal layers in the area of release under mechanical load act like local knives carrying the
- Embedded polymer matrix to form a composite with u. a. to produce improved mechanical properties.
- the fragments referred to as aluminum small bodies, are patterned with a chemical etching attack in an etching bath on its entire surface with continuous circulation of the etching solution such that the small bodies are entrained by the movement of the etching solution.
- the structuring itself takes place by means of an etching attack with a non-storable etching solution, which is replaced by a preceding one
- Inoculation step is provided. This is necessary for preserving the shape of the small bodies, since otherwise they would be deformed or even destroyed due to their small dimensions with non-simultaneous etching of the entire surface.
- the structures obtained on the surfaces of the small bodies show a highly hierarchical, upwardly tapering shape consisting of cubic elements of different sizes and areas with free volume, often by the cubic
- Aluminum structures are covered. 1 shows a schematic cross-section of the anchoring structures obtainable by etching perpendicular to the etched aluminum surface. Since the remaining aluminum structures are sometimes connected to each other Stacked cubes with differently pronounced supernatants, which form such a bewildering sculpture, have been documented by the researchers and inventors of DE 10 2016 102 379 B3 to make such anchoring structures from a metal block with the term "sculpturing.” DE 10 2016 102 379 B3 teaches that mixing with
- Anchorage structures coated aluminum small bodies with a first flowable and thereafter curing material after curing leads to a composite, which can not be destroyed or decomposed in any case by a failure of the chemical adhesion of the aluminum to the material.
- these small aluminum bodies are generally not capable of efficiently transferring forces over greater distances - e.g. several millimeters far - to initiate into the workpiece.
- Anchoring structures presented on aluminum In this case, for the electrochemical etching of steps and undercuts a salt water solution is used as the etching electrolyte, the common salt (NaCl) with a concentration from the interval of 200 mmol / l to 800 mmol / l and sodium sulfate (Na2S04) with a concentration of 5 mmol / l to 100 mmol / l.
- an etching current density in the range between 10 mA / cm 2 and 100 mA / cm 2 and an etching bath temperature between 10 ° C and 40 ° C, an advantageous reaction kinetics can be achieved with the etching electrolyte, which leads to the "sculpturing" of the aluminum.
- the working group of the inventors from which the publications DE 10 2016 102 379 B3 and DE 10 2016 1 13 641.7 originate, also has the article Baytekin-Gerngroß et al., "Making metal surfaces strong, resistant, and multifunctional by nanoscale-sculpturing ", Nanoscale Horiz., 2016, 1, 467.
- The” Supplementary Information shows that, for example, the aluminum alloys AA1050, AA5754 and AA6060 after degreasing in acetone with an aqueous etching solution containing 7.25 wt.% HCl can be etched in a bath to form anchoring structures on the surfaces.
- US 2010/0098910 A1 discloses a laminate produced from an aluminum alloy and a synthetic fiber composite material in which a very firm bond between a surface of the surface treated by an etching process is already known Aluminum alloy and the plastic fiber composite material is produced, wherein in the surface of the aluminum alloy anchoring structures are etched, said anchoring structures are simple recesses or projections.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate and a production method which does not have the problems of the known laminates and has improved performance characteristics than the laminates known in the prior art, in particular still more efficient laminates are to be produced.
- the object is achieved by a plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate according to the main claim and a plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate manufacturing method according to the independent claim and a use of the plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate according to the invention.
- the plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate has:
- a plastic fiber composite material with a matrix material the first or at least temporarily under the influence of temperature flowable and hereafter
- the flat body and the plastic fiber composite material have at least one common composite surface and are interconnected via this common composite surface, wherein the at least one flat body chemically and / or electrochemically etched anchoring structures at least on all composite surfaces to the
- anchoring structures have steps and undercuts, wherein the anchoring structures are filled and / or enclosed by the matrix material of the plastic fiber composite material.
- the anchoring structures may have been formed by means of a sculpturing method, reference being made to the explanations given in the introduction for sculpturing.
- the anchoring structures can in particular be designed in such a way that they have a shape tapering to the surface and / or cubic
- the plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate production method comprises the following steps:
- the flat body may be arranged on the outside and / or inside of the laminate.
- At least one flat body may be disposed within the plastic fiber composite material.
- the one or more flat bodies can be arranged between layers of the plastic fiber composite material produced from a layer structure.
- the adhesion at the interface of the plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate according to the invention is always higher than the shear strength / tensile strength of the plastic or the shear strength / tensile strength of the aluminum or aluminum alloy.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy flat bodies may in particular have a volume greater than 1 cubic centimeter and a thickness of at least 30 micrometers, preferably at least 100 micrometers, more preferably at least 500 micrometers.
- the plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate may comprise: at least one aluminum flat body and / or one aluminum body
- the flat body and the plastic fiber composite material have at least one common composite surface
- the flat body has etched anchoring structures at least at all interfaces with the plastic fiber composite material, the anchoring structures of
- Matrix material of the plastic fiber composite material are enclosed.
- the improvement in the mechanical properties of the prior art aluminum-small-body plastic composite is based on the suppression of major failure mechanisms in the plastic such as the stopping of propagating in the plastic cracks on the aluminum small bodies.
- flat aluminum body should here flat objects of aluminum or an aluminum alloy be designated with two extended flat sides, for example, a film or a solid sheet or a wire mesh or a perforated sheet or a perforated plate.
- a film or a solid sheet or a wire mesh or a perforated sheet or a perforated plate Such a
- Flat body should preferably have a volume greater than 1 cubic centimeter and a minimum thickness of 30 microns so that it has at least a lateral extent of several millimeters to a few centimeters. Also a much larger volume than 1
- Cubic centimeter comes into question, for example, it may be in the flat body to a sheet of thickness 1 millimeter with length and width in the meter range.
- Inventive flat body carries at least on its two flat sides - preferably seamless - etched anchoring structures of the type described above.
- the flat bodies are by definition cantilevered objects that can be processed separately.
- the anchoring structures can be produced on surfaces of aluminum and aluminum alloys using the methods named in the prior art. For the
- Laminates according to the invention may in particular be those which comprise only an aluminum flat body. It is also possible to design the laminate in such a way that the aluminum flat body forms one of the outer sides of the laminate. Likewise, upper and lower sides of a laminate according to the invention may each be formed from an aluminum flat body, wherein the laminate has further layers of fiber composite material arranged between upper and lower sides.
- the aluminum flat bodies provided on the outer and / or inner side may also have a corresponding structure on their plastic-fiber-composite-remote side, so that any lacquers and the like to be applied experience perfect adhesion.
- An inventive plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate or fiber composite aluminum laminate is exemplified and preferably formed by the fact that at least one equipped with anchoring structures on both sides aluminum flat body with a plurality of the flat body surrounding layers of a
- Fiber composite is laminated.
- the individual layers of fiber composite material for example, prefabricated mats of juxtaposed fibers in one
- the fiber composite material is a glass fiber reinforced and / or a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin.
- the mats with fibers have a predetermined fiber orientation. They may be aligned with respect to a predetermined direction of the introduction of force into the laminate, for example along the force introduction direction - "0 ° orientation", "+ 45 ° or -45 ° orientation” - or perpendicular thereto - "90 ° orientation” ,
- the prepreg process or the RTM process is explicitly included for the production of laminates according to the invention, that is to say an initially flowable and subsequently curing matrix material is also to be understood as a prepacking tape correspondingly by means of a stacker was positioned and only in the actual baking / manufacturing step quasi becomes flowable and finally cures by appropriate addition of thermal energy.
- the application of a first or at least temporarily thermally flowable and subsequently thermosetting matrix material therefore means that the matrix material has to be flowable at least at one time during the production process, but not the entire time.
- the laminates are formed as in the prior art by the juxtaposition of mats and flat bodies.
- the matrix material of the mats is brought in flowable form as a binder between the individual layers, e.g. injected, and thereafter cured chemically or thermally.
- the mats can be chemically or thermally softened on their flat sides, whereupon the scrim can be pressed under pressure to the laminate.
- the methods of producing a laminate having any predetermined stacking sequence of layers of a fiber composite, which may also be parallel or differently oriented, with metal layers embedded therebetween, e.g. Slides are known per se.
- a laminate according to the invention is produced precisely when flat bodies of aluminum or aluminum alloy with anchoring structures on their surface are used as metal layers in the process of laminating.
- the adhesion between metal and fiber composite then turns out to be extremely good.
- the flat bodies are advantageously not limited in terms of their thickness upwards, but they can also be mechanically designed particularly strong to a
- the aluminum flat bodies have a thickness greater than 100 microns, more preferably greater than 500 microns.
- a particular special case of the invention may further be seen therein when the plastic fiber composite aluminum laminate is performed without reinforcing fibers, that is, a plastic-aluminum laminate. This forms a very solid and durable
- Fig. 1 a) a wire mesh of AIMg5 with a permeability of 28% and b) a
- Perforated plate made of AIMg3 with a permeability of 23%;
- Figure 2 is a sketch of a sample laminate provided for force introduction (compression) along the x-axis with notches A and inner shear surface B, whose durability is checked;
- Fig. 3 is a sketch of the sample holder for the laminate on Fig. 2 for use in
- FIG. 4 shows measurement curves of an ASTM D-3846-08 test for (1) GFRP, (2) a laminate of FIG
- FIG. 1 a and (3) a laminate of GFRP and a perforated sheet of AIMg 3 as in FIG. 1 b), fibers aligned along the force introduction (0 ° orientation);
- FIG. 5 graphs of an ASTM D-3846-08 test for (1) GFRP, (2) a laminate of
- FIG. 6 graphs of an ASTM D-3846-08 test for (1) GFRP, (2) a laminate of
- FIG. 7 shows measurement curves of an ASTM D-3846-08 test for (1) GFRP, (2) a laminate of FIG
- a sample of a commercially available GF (E glass fiber non-crimp fabrics) scrim and a plurality of laminate samples made of just this GFRP and a metal layer are made.
- the metal layer is thereby varied, concretely come a 0.65 mm thick solid sheet of AIMg3 (AA5754), a 0.65 mm thick perforated plate (perforated plate) as in Fig. 1 b) of the same material and a wire mesh (AI fabric) from AIMg5 ( AA5019) as shown in Fig. 1 a) for use.
- the wire mesh has a wire diameter of 100 microns and a mesh size of also about 100 microns.
- the Perforated sheet metal can be produced from the solid sheet by punching out holes with a diameter of 1, 5 mm and a hole spacing of 3 mm.
- the laminate samples are made by the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process.
- the glass fiber scrims are processed together with one of the above-described metal layers by means of an epoxy resin (RIMR 135 / RIMH 137) as a matrix polymer at 30 ° C for 48 h to form a laminate.
- the laminates consist of a scrim with 90% fiber content in the 0 ° direction and 10% fiber content in the 90 ° direction.
- (0 90% , 90 0% ) in the "lay-up" is always meant a continuous fiberglass mat from which the laminate is built by stacking a predetermined sequence of such mats.
- the scrim is turned over, (90 0% , 0 90% ), so that the 0 ° -
- Fiber direction lies in the median plane.
- the finished laminates are singulated and diced according to ASTM Standard D3846-02 into rectangular test strips.
- the length axes of the test strips are either oriented to match the predetermined fiber orientation - 0 ° samples - or perpendicular to the fiber orientation - 90 ° samples.
- Fig. 2 shows the test strips schematically. The length axis is always the x-axis into which the force is applied. After separation of the laminates in
- Test strips are polished the cut surfaces by means of silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive paper.
- the separated strips are post-cured for 15 h at 80 ° C.
- test strips are stored in a dessicator for two weeks before the mechanical tests are performed.
- a Double Notch Shear (DNS) test is performed according to the standard ASTM D-3846-08 procedure, using a double-sided high-precision ripper 2) which run perpendicular to the introduction of force.
- DNS Double Notch Shear
- Fig. 3 shows the sample holder for the load test according to ASTM standard D-3846-08.
- the test strips are prevented by the upper and lower part of the holder from avoiding the load by bending perpendicular to the direction of force.
- the arrow points to a notched, clamped test strip. After being clamped in the holder, the test strips are machined along the
- Length change ⁇ required force per cross-sectional area of the laminate is as
- FIG. 4 GFRP + AIMg3 solid sheet ("filling sheet")
- FIG. 4 shows the measurement results for the 0 ° samples
- FIG. 5 shows the measurement results for the 90 ° samples in which the aluminum flat bodies do not work that is, they do not carry anchoring structures, which is why the sample is also missing
- Solid sheet (4) as these test tires already delaminate when cutting. In both figures, however, a significantly better load capacity of the test strips with the perforated plate (3), in which the bridges formed by matrix material through the holes prevent the delamination for a while.
- the laminate with wire mesh (2) has an even higher number of such bridges, these bridges are individually much thinner than the laminate with perforated plate.
- the laminate with wire mesh (2) is reasonably close to a pure GFRP laminate (1) in its shear strength, but still remains clearly behind it. If one provides the aluminum flat bodies with anchoring structures at least on their flat sides, then the situation reverses completely unexpectedly for the skilled person.
- FIG. 6 and 7 show the measurement curves for laminate test strips (2-4) according to the invention in comparison to the data for GFRP laminate (1) (the same as in Figures 4 and 5).
- FIG. 6 shows measurement data for the 0 ° samples
- FIG. 7 shows the measurement data of the 90 ° samples. All laminates that contain the etched aluminum flat body can now continue
- Matrix material of the fiber composite under mechanical load fails, often being torn, i. the matrix material or the fiber-matrix connection is now the
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102017118940.8A DE102017118940A1 (de) | 2017-08-18 | 2017-08-18 | Kunststofffaserverbundwerkstoff-Aluminium-Laminat sowie Verwendung |
PCT/DE2018/100717 WO2019034211A1 (de) | 2017-08-18 | 2018-08-16 | Kunststofffaserverbundwerkstoff-aluminium-laminat sowie herstellung und verwendung |
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EP3681711A1 true EP3681711A1 (de) | 2020-07-22 |
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EP18759847.9A Pending EP3681711A1 (de) | 2017-08-18 | 2018-08-16 | Kunststofffaserverbundwerkstoff-aluminium-laminat sowie herstellung und verwendung |
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US (1) | US11554573B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3681711A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017118940A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019034211A1 (de) |
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CN112861345B (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2023-10-20 | 中国工程物理研究院研究生院 | 考虑温度效应的聚合物粘结复合材料本构模型构建方法 |
WO2024005759A1 (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | Tusas- Turk Havacilik Ve Uzay Sanayii Anonim Sirketi | A fiber-metal laminate producing method |
Family Cites Families (11)
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GB2253185A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1992-09-02 | Secr Defence | Reinforced alloy laminates |
CN1717323B (zh) * | 2002-11-08 | 2010-06-09 | 大成普拉斯株式会社 | 铝合金与树脂组合物的复合体及其制造方法 |
RU2270098C1 (ru) | 2004-07-14 | 2006-02-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Слоистый композиционный материал и изделие, выполненное из него |
JP5094839B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-12 | 2012-12-12 | 大成プラス株式会社 | アルミニウム合金複合体 |
US8192815B2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2012-06-05 | Apple Inc. | Methods and systems for forming a dual layer housing |
CN102056724A (zh) * | 2008-06-12 | 2011-05-11 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | 铝-树脂注塑一体成形品及其制造方法 |
US10434741B2 (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2019-10-08 | Daicel Polymer Ltd. | Composite molded article |
KR101493768B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-04 | 2015-02-17 | (주)일광폴리머 | 알루미늄-수지 복합체의 제조 방법 |
JP6341880B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-12 | 2018-06-13 | 合資会社アンドーコーポレーション | 含金属複合体の製造方法 |
DE102016102379B3 (de) | 2016-02-11 | 2016-11-03 | Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel | Verfahren zur Ätzung der Oberfläche von Aluminium-Kleinkörpern, Aluminium-Kleinkörper mit geätzter Oberfläche und solche Kleinkörper enthaltende Materialverbunde |
DE102016113641A1 (de) | 2016-07-25 | 2018-01-25 | Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel | Aluminium-Kupfer-Konnektor aufweisend eine Heterostruktur und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Heterostruktur |
-
2017
- 2017-08-18 DE DE102017118940.8A patent/DE102017118940A1/de active Pending
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2018
- 2018-08-16 WO PCT/DE2018/100717 patent/WO2019034211A1/de unknown
- 2018-08-16 US US16/638,822 patent/US11554573B2/en active Active
- 2018-08-16 EP EP18759847.9A patent/EP3681711A1/de active Pending
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US11554573B2 (en) | 2023-01-17 |
DE102017118940A1 (de) | 2019-02-21 |
WO2019034211A1 (de) | 2019-02-21 |
US20200180273A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
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