EP3680194A1 - Coupling piece for connecting two stacked containers on board ships - Google Patents

Coupling piece for connecting two stacked containers on board ships Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3680194A1
EP3680194A1 EP19199275.9A EP19199275A EP3680194A1 EP 3680194 A1 EP3680194 A1 EP 3680194A1 EP 19199275 A EP19199275 A EP 19199275A EP 3680194 A1 EP3680194 A1 EP 3680194A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupling
corner fitting
coupling piece
coupling projection
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19199275.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3680194B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Thiele
Christian Bederke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEC Ships Equipment Centre Bremen GmbH and Co KG
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SEC Ships Equipment Centre Bremen GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP3680194A1 publication Critical patent/EP3680194A1/en
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Publication of EP3680194B1 publication Critical patent/EP3680194B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/0006—Coupling devices between containers, e.g. ISO-containers
    • B65D90/0013—Twist lock
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
    • B65D88/022—Large containers rigid in multiple arrangement, e.g. stackable, nestable, connected or joined together side-by-side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2590/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D2590/0008—Coupling device between containers
    • B65D2590/0025—Twist lock
    • B65D2590/0033—Semi or fully automatic twist lock, i.e. semi or fully automatic locking/unlocking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coupling piece for connecting two stacked containers on board ships with: a first coupling projection which can be inserted into a lower corner fitting of the upper container and pre-locked there; a second coupling projection which engages in an upper corner fitting of the lower container in a coupled state; a bearing surface of the first coupling projection, which in the coupled state rests on an inner edge at the lower corner fitting of the upper container; and a spacer of the first coupling projection, such that the coupling piece can only be inserted into the lower corner fitting of the upper container in a certain orientation.
  • Such a coupling piece is from the EP 1 784 348 B1 known to the applicant.
  • Such coupling pieces serve to connect containers transported as a stack of containers to one another on deck (on the hatch cover) of a ship.
  • the containers in the lowest layer and, with the help of lashing bridges, sometimes also containers in higher layers are additionally secured with lashing rods.
  • the coupling pieces are the only safeguards in higher-level containers against loss during shipping.
  • the stevedore on the quay first inserts and locks a coupling piece with its first (upper) coupling projection into the four lower corner fittings of a container to be loaded.
  • the container is hoisted by a crane (container bridge) on the deck of the ship and placed there on an already stowed container.
  • the second (lower) coupling projections thread into the four upper corner fittings of the already stowed container a.
  • the second coupling projections engage in the upper corner fittings of the already stowed, now lower container and in this way secure the new, stowed, now upper container against being lost during sea transport.
  • This state is referred to as a coupled state in the context of the present disclosure.
  • the input mentioned EP 1 784 348 B1 relates to a so-called fully automatic twistlock (FAT).
  • FAT fully automatic twistlock
  • the EP 1 784 348 B1 a spacer, which prevents the coupling pieces from being inserted and pre-locked in the wrong orientation.
  • the coupling piece When coupled, the coupling piece encompasses the edges of the corner fittings in a C-shape. Pulling forces on the coupling piece due to lifting forces on the containers, which are induced by the sea, therefore lead to the coupling piece bending elastically.
  • the corner fittings of the containers are also elastically deformed. The sum of these two elastic deformations can result in particularly high forces that the coupling piece disengages from the corner fitting (so-called opening effect) and, as the worst consequence, the container is lost or even seafarers are injured.
  • the so-called classes therefore limit the maximum permissible tractive force, referred to in experts as pull-out force, for a specific coupling piece.
  • the invention is based on the problem of developing a coupling piece of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the opening effect is reduced and the pull-out force can consequently be increased.
  • the coupling piece according to the invention is characterized in that the spacer has a bearing surface which with the Contact surface of the first coupling projection is aligned and, when coupled, also rests on the inner edge at the lower corner fitting of the upper container.
  • the contact surface of the first coupling projection is accordingly enlarged by the contact surface of the spacer.
  • the two contact surfaces form a common contact surface for the first coupling projection on the inner edge of the corner fitting. This reduces the pressure on the edge of the lower corner fitting of the upper container with the same pulling force. Furthermore, this pressure also has an effect closer to an inner wall of the corner fitting, as a result of which the lever arm is reduced. Therefore, the edge of the corner fitting is less deformed. In this way, the opening effect can be reduced and the pull-out force increased. For a given payload, this increases the safety reserve of the coupling piece. Conversely, the payload could be increased with the same safety reserve.
  • the figures show a coupling piece 10, specifically a so-called fully automatic twist lock (FAT) for connecting two containers stacked one above the other on board ships at their corner fittings.
  • FAT fully automatic twist lock
  • the coupling piece 10 has a first, upper coupling projection 11 which is inserted by the stevedore on the quay into a lower corner fitting 12 of an upper container (not shown in more detail).
  • the container is lifted by a crane.
  • the stevedore then inserts the upper coupling projection 11 of one coupling piece 10 into each of the four corner fittings 12.
  • the container is hoisted by the crane on board the ship and placed on an already stowed container (lower container).
  • a second, lower coupling projection 13 threads into an upper corner fitting of the lower container and comes fully automatically into engagement with this corner fitting.
  • the lower coupling projection 13 comes out of engagement with the upper corner fitting of the lower container fully automatically when the upper container is lifted by a crane.
  • the coupling pieces 10 reliably secure the containers against lifting and losing during the sea transport.
  • This is for example in the EP 1 534 612 B1 , the aforementioned EP 1 784 348 B1 or the EP 2 892 828 B1 described in more detail.
  • the latter EP 2 892 828 B1 shows a lower coupling projection which corresponds to the lower coupling projection 13 of the present coupling piece 10.
  • a stop plate 14 is provided between the upper coupling projection 11 and the lower coupling projection 13, which as an alternative to the shape shown can only have the shape of a bead, which engages in a groove, which are created by chamfering the elongated holes in the corner fittings 12 when they lie directly on top of one another.
  • the upper coupling projection 11 has a shaft 16 with which the upper coupling projection 11 passes through an elongated hole 16 on the corner fitting 12.
  • the length D of the shaft 15 measured from the top of the stop plate 14 is adapted to the thickness C of a lower plate 17 in which the elongated hole 16 is arranged.
  • the length D of the shaft 15 is equal to or slightly longer than the thickness C of the plate 17 ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the length D should not be too great compared to the thickness C, since this would also increase the vertical play of the coupling piece 10.
  • a locking head 18 adjoins the shaft 15 on an (upper) side opposite the stop plate 14 and projects to one side, namely to the same side as a locking lug 19 on the lower coupling projection.
  • the coupling piece 10 thus grips around the corner fittings with its locking head 18 and the locking lug 19 in a C-shape. In the Figures 4 and 5 this is indicated by a hatched area.
  • a lower bearing surface 20 on the locking head 18 lies against the plate 17.
  • the locking head 18 protrudes relative to the shaft 15 by a width B which is matched to a distance B1 from a longitudinal edge of the elongated hole 16 to an adjacent side wall 21 of the elongated hole 16.
  • the width B is matched to a width B1 of an edge of the plate 17 around the elongated hole 16, which lies below the contact surface 20.
  • B B1 or slightly smaller.
  • B and B1 should be dimensioned such that a lateral play of the shaft 15 with respect to the elongated hole 16 corresponds approximately to the play between the locking head 18 and the side wall 21. Ideally, both games are the same.
  • the locking head 18 protrudes from the axis 24 by a dimension F, which corresponds to half the diameter E.
  • F can also be larger than half the diameter E. So F ⁇ E / 2 applies.
  • the coupling piece 10 described so far also has a spacer 27 which prevents the coupling piece 10 from being installed upside down.
  • the present spacer 27 differs in essential points from this prior art:
  • the present spacer 27 in turn has a support surface 28 which is flush with the support surface 20 of the locking head 18.
  • the bearing surface 28 of the spacer 27 is thus also on the plate 17 of the corner fitting 12.
  • the contact surfaces 20 and 28 form a uniform contact surface for the locking head 18 on the plate 17.
  • the length A of the locking head 18 reduced by the spacer is extended to the total length L of the locking head.
  • the total length L is greater than the length of the lateral straight edges (also here A) of the elongated hole and in the present case even greater than E.
  • the spacer tapers away from the actual locking head 18 towards its free end, as in FIG Fig. 3 recognizable.
  • an outer side surface 29 (facing the side wall 21) of the spacer 27 is arranged at an angle Z to the side wall 21 (which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis 24 of the elongated hole 16).
  • An inner side surface 30 (pointing away from the side wall 21) extends at an angle Y to the longitudinal axis 24 of the Elongated holes 16.
  • the outer side surface 29 and the inner side surface 30 converge in a wedge shape.
  • the angles Y and Z can be the same or different from one another.
  • the angles Y and Z are each between 0 ° and 30 °. They are preferably 10 °.
  • An upper side 31 of the spacer 27 also slopes away from the actual locking head 18 towards the free end, at an angle W ( Fig. 1 ). This angle W is then again between 0 ° and 30 °, with 10 ° being particularly preferred here too.
  • a common upper side 32 of the locking head 18 and the spacer 27 slopes downwards towards the outside (towards the side wall 21), namely at an angle X ( Fig. 2 ).
  • This angle X is between 30 ° and 60 °, 45 ° being particularly preferred.
  • angles Y and Z also contribute to the easier threading of the upper coupling projection 11 into the elongated hole 16.
  • the angles W and Z essentially serve to save weight.
  • the shaft 15 has a shaft shoulder 33 adjacent to the stop plate, which is in particular longer than the shaft 15 otherwise. Seen in plan view, this shaft extension 33 has a contour which corresponds to the contour of the elongated hole 16 and thus reduces the play of the coupling piece 10 compared to the elongated hole 16, in particular seen in the longitudinal direction (axis 24) of the elongated hole 16, without the insertion of the upper coupling projection 11 in the corner fitting 12 to hinder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Stackable Containers (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kuppelstück (10) zum Verbinden zweier übereinander gestapelter Container an Bord von Schiffen mit: einem ersten Kupplungsvorsprung (11), welcher in einen unteren Eckbeschlag (12) des oberen Containers einsetzbar und dort vorverriegelbar ist; einem zweiten Kupplungsvorsprung (13), der in einem gekuppelten Zustand in einen oberen Eckbeschlag des unteren Containers eingreift; einer Auflagefläche (20) des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs (11), welche im gekuppelten Zustand auf einem inneren Rand am unteren Eckbeschlag (10) des oberen Containers aufliegt; und einem Distanzstück (27) des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs (11), derart, dass das Kuppelstück (10) nur in einer bestimmten Orientierung in den unteren Eckbeschlag (12) des oberen Containers einsetzbar ist. Um einen sogenannten Aufmacheffekt zu reduziert und folglich die Pull-Out-Force zu erhöhen, ist das erfindungsgemäße Kuppelstück (10) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Distanzstück (27) eine Auflagefläche (28) aufweist, welche mit der Auflagefläche (20) des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs (11) fluchtet und im gekuppelten Zustand ebenfalls auf dem inneren Rand am unteren Eckbeschlag (12) des oberen Containers aufliegt.The invention relates to a coupling piece (10) for connecting two containers stacked one above the other on board ships with: a first coupling projection (11) which can be inserted into a lower corner fitting (12) of the upper container and pre-locked there; a second coupling projection (13) which, in a coupled state, engages in an upper corner fitting of the lower container; a bearing surface (20) of the first coupling projection (11) which, when coupled, rests on an inner edge on the lower corner fitting (10) of the upper container; and a spacer (27) of the first coupling projection (11), such that the coupling piece (10) can only be inserted into the lower corner fitting (12) of the upper container in a certain orientation. In order to reduce a so-called opening effect and consequently to increase the pull-out force, the coupling piece (10) according to the invention is characterized in that the spacer (27) has a bearing surface (28) which is in contact with the bearing surface (20) of the first coupling projection (11) is aligned and, when coupled, also rests on the inner edge at the lower corner fitting (12) of the upper container.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kuppelstück zum Verbinden zweier übereinander gestapelter Container an Bord von Schiffen mit: einem ersten Kupplungsvorsprung, welcher in einen unteren Eckbeschlag des oberen Containers einsetzbar und dort vorverriegelbar ist; einem zweiten Kupplungsvorsprung, der in einem gekuppelten Zustand in einen oberen Eckbeschlag des unteren Containers eingreift; einer Auflagefläche des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs, welche im gekuppelten Zustand auf einem inneren Rand am unteren Eckbeschlag des oberen Containers aufliegt; und einem Distanzstück des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs, derart, dass das Kuppelstück nur in einer bestimmten Orientierung in den unteren Eckbeschlag des oberen Containers einsetzbar ist.The invention relates to a coupling piece for connecting two stacked containers on board ships with: a first coupling projection which can be inserted into a lower corner fitting of the upper container and pre-locked there; a second coupling projection which engages in an upper corner fitting of the lower container in a coupled state; a bearing surface of the first coupling projection, which in the coupled state rests on an inner edge at the lower corner fitting of the upper container; and a spacer of the first coupling projection, such that the coupling piece can only be inserted into the lower corner fitting of the upper container in a certain orientation.

Ein solches Kuppelstück ist aus der EP 1 784 348 B1 der Anmelderin bekannt.Such a coupling piece is from the EP 1 784 348 B1 known to the applicant.

Derartige Kuppelstücke dienen dazu, an Deck (auf dem Lukendeckel) eines Schiffes als Containerstapel transportierte Container untereinander zu verbinden. Dabei werden die Container der untersten Lage und mit Hilfe von Laschbrücken zuweilen auch Container höherer Lagen zusätzlich mit Zurrstangen gesichert. Oft sind die Kuppelstücke aber die einzigen Sicherungen der Container höherer Lagen gegen Verlieren während des Seetransports.Such coupling pieces serve to connect containers transported as a stack of containers to one another on deck (on the hatch cover) of a ship. The containers in the lowest layer and, with the help of lashing bridges, sometimes also containers in higher layers are additionally secured with lashing rods. Often, however, the coupling pieces are the only safeguards in higher-level containers against loss during shipping.

Beim Stauen (Laden) der Container setzt der Stauer am Kai zunächst je ein Kuppelstück mit seinem ersten (oberen) Kupplungsvorsprung in die vier unteren Eckbeschläge eines zu ladenden Containers ein und verriegelt sie dort vor. Nun wird der Container von einem Kran (Containerbrücke) an Deck des Schiffes gehievt und dort auf einem bereits gestauten Container abgesetzt. Dabei fädeln die zweiten (unteren) Kupplungsvorsprünge in die vier oberen Eckbeschläge des bereits gestauten Containers ein. Die zweiten Kupplungsvorsprünge greifen im nun gestapelten Zustand der Container in die oberen Eckbeschläge des bereits gestauten, nun unteren Containers ein und sichern den neue gestauten, nun oberen Container auf diese Weise gegen Verlieren während des Seetransports. Dieser Zustand wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Offenbarung als gekuppelter Zustand bezeichnet.When the containers are stowed (loading), the stevedore on the quay first inserts and locks a coupling piece with its first (upper) coupling projection into the four lower corner fittings of a container to be loaded. Now the container is hoisted by a crane (container bridge) on the deck of the ship and placed there on an already stowed container. The second (lower) coupling projections thread into the four upper corner fittings of the already stowed container a. In the now stacked state of the containers, the second coupling projections engage in the upper corner fittings of the already stowed, now lower container and in this way secure the new, stowed, now upper container against being lost during sea transport. This state is referred to as a coupled state in the context of the present disclosure.

Die Eingangs genannte EP 1 784 348 B1 betrifft einen sogenanntes vollautomatisches Twistlock (fully automatic twistlock - FAT). Insbesondere bei dieser Art Kuppelstück ist es wichtig, dass die Kuppelstücke immer in einer bestimmten Orientierung vom Stauer in den unteren Eckbeschlag des oberen Containers eingesetzt und vorverriegelt werden, da es sonst passieren kann, dass die Container sich beim Löschen (Entladen) nicht mehr voneinander lösen lassen. Zu diesem Zweck schlägt die EP 1 784 348 B1 ein Distanzstück vor, welches verhindert, dass die Kuppelstücke in einer falschen Orientierung eingesetzt und vorverriegelt werden.The input mentioned EP 1 784 348 B1 relates to a so-called fully automatic twistlock (FAT). With this type of coupling piece in particular, it is important that the coupling pieces are always inserted and pre-locked by the stevedore in the lower corner fitting of the upper container, otherwise it can happen that the containers can no longer separate from one another when they are unloaded to let. For this purpose, the EP 1 784 348 B1 a spacer, which prevents the coupling pieces from being inserted and pre-locked in the wrong orientation.

Im gekuppelten Zustand umgreift das Kuppelstück die Ränder der Eckbeschläge C-förmig. Zugkräfte auf das Kuppelstück aufgrund von Abhebekräften auf die Container, welche durch Seegang induziert werden, führen daher dazu, dass sich das Kuppelstück elastisch aufbiegt. Ferner werden auch die Eckbeschläge der Container elastisch verformt. Die Summe dieser beiden elastischen Verformungen kann bei besonders hohen Kräften dazu führen, dass das Kuppelstück außer Eingriff mit dem Eckbeschlag kommt (sogenannter Aufmacheffekt) und als schlimmste Folge der Container verloren geht oder gar Seeleute zu Schaden kommen. Von den sogenannten Klassen wird daher die maximal zulässige Zugkraft, in Fachkreisen als Pull-Out-Force bezeichnet, für ein bestimmtes Kuppelstück begrenzt.When coupled, the coupling piece encompasses the edges of the corner fittings in a C-shape. Pulling forces on the coupling piece due to lifting forces on the containers, which are induced by the sea, therefore lead to the coupling piece bending elastically. The corner fittings of the containers are also elastically deformed. The sum of these two elastic deformations can result in particularly high forces that the coupling piece disengages from the corner fitting (so-called opening effect) and, as the worst consequence, the container is lost or even seafarers are injured. The so-called classes therefore limit the maximum permissible tractive force, referred to in experts as pull-out force, for a specific coupling piece.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung das Problem zugrunde, ein Kuppelstück der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzubilden, dass der Aufmacheffekt reduziert ist und folglich die Pull-Out-Force erhöht werden kann.Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the problem of developing a coupling piece of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the opening effect is reduced and the pull-out force can consequently be increased.

Zur Lösung dieses Problems ist das erfindungsgemäße Kuppelstück dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Distanzstück eine Auflagefläche aufweist, welche mit der Auflagefläche des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs fluchtet und im gekuppelten Zustand ebenfalls auf dem inneren Rand am unteren Eckbeschlag des oberen Containers aufliegt.To solve this problem, the coupling piece according to the invention is characterized in that the spacer has a bearing surface which with the Contact surface of the first coupling projection is aligned and, when coupled, also rests on the inner edge at the lower corner fitting of the upper container.

Die Auflagefläche des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs ist demnach um die Auflagefläche des Distanzstücks vergrößert. Die beiden Auflageflächen bilden eine gemeinsame Auflagefläche für den ersten Kupplungsvorsprung auf dem inneren Rand des Eckbeschlags. Damit reduziert sich bei gleicher Zugkraft der Druck auf den Rand des unteren Eckbeschlags des oberen Containers. Ferner wirkt sich dieser Druck auch naher zu einer Innenwandung des Eckbeschlags aus, wodurch der Hebelarm verringert wird. Daher verformt sich der Rand des Eckbeschlags weniger. Auf diese Weise lässt sich der Aufmacheffekt verringern und somit die Pull-Out-Force erhöhen. Dieses erhöht bei vorgegebener Nutzlast die Sicherheitsreserve des Kuppelstücks. Umgekehrt ließe sich bei gleicher Sicherheitsreserve die Nutzlast erhöhen. Ferner verringert sich aufgrund der geringeren Verformung auch das Vertikalspiel des Kuppelstücks in den Containerecken, was sich ebenfalls positiv auswirkt. Gleichzeitig hat sich bei einem Prototyp überraschend gezeigt, dass dieser sich dennoch gut in den Eckbeschlag einsetzen und dort vorverriegeln lässt.The contact surface of the first coupling projection is accordingly enlarged by the contact surface of the spacer. The two contact surfaces form a common contact surface for the first coupling projection on the inner edge of the corner fitting. This reduces the pressure on the edge of the lower corner fitting of the upper container with the same pulling force. Furthermore, this pressure also has an effect closer to an inner wall of the corner fitting, as a result of which the lever arm is reduced. Therefore, the edge of the corner fitting is less deformed. In this way, the opening effect can be reduced and the pull-out force increased. For a given payload, this increases the safety reserve of the coupling piece. Conversely, the payload could be increased with the same safety reserve. Furthermore, due to the lower deformation, the vertical play of the coupling piece in the corners of the container also decreases, which also has a positive effect. At the same time, it has surprisingly been shown that a prototype can still be easily inserted into the corner fitting and pre-locked there.

Weitere konstruktive Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Kuppelstücks, welche das Einfädeln des oberen Kupplungsvorsprungs in den unteren Eckbeschlag des oberen Containers erleichtern oder das Tragverhalten weiter verbessern, sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.Further constructive configurations of the coupling piece according to the invention, which facilitate the threading of the upper coupling projection into the lower corner fitting of the upper container or further improve the carrying behavior, are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Kuppelstück mit den Erfindungsmerkmalen in Seitenansicht vorverriegelt in einem unteren Eckbeschlag eines oberen Containers,
Fig. 2
den Eckbeschlag gemäß Fig. 1 in Vorderansicht,
Fig. 3
den Eckbeschlag gemäß Fig. 1 in Draufsicht,
Fig. 4
eine schematische Darstellung einer Krafteinleitung in das Kuppelstück gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung der Krafteinleitung in das Kuppelstück gemäß Fig. 1 unter der Last.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a coupling piece with the features of the invention pre-locked in side view in a lower corner fitting of an upper container,
Fig. 2
the corner fitting according to Fig. 1 in front view,
Fig. 3
the corner fitting according to Fig. 1 in top view,
Fig. 4
is a schematic representation of a force introduction into the coupling piece according to Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 5
a schematic representation of the introduction of force into the coupling piece according to Fig. 1 under the load.

Die Figuren zeigen ein Kuppelstück 10, nämlich konkret ein sogenanntes vollautomatischen Twistlock (Fully Automatic Twistlock - FAT) zum Verbinden von zwei übereinander gestapelten Containern an Bord von Schiffen an ihren Eckbeschlägen.The figures show a coupling piece 10, specifically a so-called fully automatic twist lock (FAT) for connecting two containers stacked one above the other on board ships at their corner fittings.

Das Kuppelstück 10 weist einen ersten, oberen Kupplungsvorsprung 11 auf, welches vom Stauer noch auf dem Kai in einen unteren Eckbeschlag 12 eines nicht näher gezeigten oberen Containers eingesetzt wird. Der Container wird zu diesem Zweck von einem Kran angehoben. Sodann setzt der Stauer den oberen Kupplungsvorsprungs 11 je eines Kuppelstücks 10 in jeden der vier Eckbeschläge 12 ein. Nun wird der Container von dem Kran an Bord des Schiffes gehievt und auf einen bereits gestauten Container (unteren Container) abgesetzt. Dabei fädelt ein zweiter, unterer Kupplungsvorsprung 13 in einen oberen Eckbeschlag des unteren Containers ein und kommt dabei vollautomatisch in Eingriff mit diesem Eckbeschlag. Beim Löschen des Containers kommt der untere Kupplungsvorsprung 13 vollautomatisch wieder außer Eingriff mit dem oberen Eckbeschlag des unteren Containers, wenn der obere Container von einem Kran angehoben wird. Dennoch sichern die Kuppelstücke 10 die Container während des Seetransports zuverlässig gegen Abheben und Verlieren. Dieses ist z.B. in der EP 1 534 612 B1 , der eingangs genannten EP 1 784 348 B1 oder der EP 2 892 828 B1 näher beschrieben. Die letztgenannten EP 2 892 828 B1 zeigt einen unteren Kupplungsvorsprung, welcher dem unteren Kupplungsvorsprung 13 des vorliegenden Kuppelstücks 10 entspricht.The coupling piece 10 has a first, upper coupling projection 11 which is inserted by the stevedore on the quay into a lower corner fitting 12 of an upper container (not shown in more detail). For this purpose, the container is lifted by a crane. The stevedore then inserts the upper coupling projection 11 of one coupling piece 10 into each of the four corner fittings 12. Now the container is hoisted by the crane on board the ship and placed on an already stowed container (lower container). A second, lower coupling projection 13 threads into an upper corner fitting of the lower container and comes fully automatically into engagement with this corner fitting. When the container is deleted, the lower coupling projection 13 comes out of engagement with the upper corner fitting of the lower container fully automatically when the upper container is lifted by a crane. Nevertheless, the coupling pieces 10 reliably secure the containers against lifting and losing during the sea transport. This is for example in the EP 1 534 612 B1 , the aforementioned EP 1 784 348 B1 or the EP 2 892 828 B1 described in more detail. The latter EP 2 892 828 B1 shows a lower coupling projection which corresponds to the lower coupling projection 13 of the present coupling piece 10.

Zwischen dem oberen Kupplungsvorsprung 11 und dem unteren Kupplungsvorsprung 13 ist im vorliegenden Fall eine Anschlagplatte 14 vorgesehen, welche alternativ zur gezeigten Form lediglich die Form eines Wulstes haben kann, welcher in eine Nut eingreift, welche durch Fasen an den Langlöchern der Eckbeschläge 12 entstehen, wenn diese unmittelbar aufeinanderliegen.In the present case, a stop plate 14 is provided between the upper coupling projection 11 and the lower coupling projection 13, which as an alternative to the shape shown can only have the shape of a bead, which engages in a groove, which are created by chamfering the elongated holes in the corner fittings 12 when they lie directly on top of one another.

Ausgehend von der Anschlagplatte 14 weist der obere Kupplungsvorsprung 11 einen Schaft 16 auf, mit welchem der obere Kupplungsvorsprung 11 ein Langloch 16 am Eckbeschlag 12 durchgreift. Die Länge D des Schaftes 15 von der Oberseite der Anschlagplatte 14 aus gemessen ist dabei der Stärke C einer unteren Platte 17, in welcher das Langloch 16 angeordnet ist, angepasst. In der Regel ist die Länge D des Schaftes 15 gleich oder geringfügig länger als die Stärke C der Platte 17 (Fig. 2). Die Länge D sollte gegenüber der Stärke C nicht zu groß sein, da damit auch ein Vertikalspiel des Kuppelstücks 10 vergrößert würde. Idealer Weise ist D = C, zumindest innerhalb der üblichen Fertigungstoleranzen. In diesem Fall ist das Vertikalspiel des oberen Kupplungsvorsprungs 11 im Eckbeschlag 12 gleich "Null" (D - C = 0).Starting from the stop plate 14, the upper coupling projection 11 has a shaft 16 with which the upper coupling projection 11 passes through an elongated hole 16 on the corner fitting 12. The length D of the shaft 15 measured from the top of the stop plate 14 is adapted to the thickness C of a lower plate 17 in which the elongated hole 16 is arranged. As a rule, the length D of the shaft 15 is equal to or slightly longer than the thickness C of the plate 17 ( Fig. 2 ). The length D should not be too great compared to the thickness C, since this would also increase the vertical play of the coupling piece 10. Ideally, D = C, at least within the usual manufacturing tolerances. In this case, the vertical play of the upper coupling projection 11 in the corner fitting 12 is "zero" (D - C = 0).

An den Schaft 15 schließt an eine der Anschlagplatte 14 gegenüberliegenden (Ober-) Seite ein Verriegelungskopf 18 an, welcher zu einer Seite, nämlich zur selben Seite wie eine Verriegelungsnase 19 am unteren Kupplungsvorsprung vorspringt. Bei aufeinander gestapelten Containern (im gekuppelten Zustand) umgreift das Kuppelstück 10 die Eckbeschläge somit mit seinem Verriegelungskopf 18 und der Verriegelungsnase 19 C-förmig. In den Figuren 4 und 5 ist dieses durch eine schraffierte Fläche angedeutet. Eine untere Auflagefläche 20 am Verriegelungskopf 18 liegt an der Platte 17 an. Der Verriegelungskopf 18 springt gegenüber dem Schaft 15 um eine Breite B vor, welche auf einen Abstand B1 von einer Längskante des Langlochs 16 zu einer benachbarten Seitenwand 21 des Langlochs 16 abgestimmt ist. Mit anderen Worte ist die Breite B auf eine Breite B1 eines Randes der Platte 17 um das Langloch 16 abgestimmt, welcher unter der Auflagefläche 20 liegt. Konkret ist B = B1 oder geringfügig kleiner. Im Allgemeinen sollten B und B1 so bemessen sein, dass ein seitliches Spiel des Schaftes 15 gegenüber dem Langloch 16 etwa dem Spiel zwischen dem Verriegelungskopf 18 und der Seitenwand 21 entspricht. Idealer Weise sind beide Spiele gleich.A locking head 18 adjoins the shaft 15 on an (upper) side opposite the stop plate 14 and projects to one side, namely to the same side as a locking lug 19 on the lower coupling projection. When containers are stacked on top of one another (in the coupled state), the coupling piece 10 thus grips around the corner fittings with its locking head 18 and the locking lug 19 in a C-shape. In the Figures 4 and 5 this is indicated by a hatched area. A lower bearing surface 20 on the locking head 18 lies against the plate 17. The locking head 18 protrudes relative to the shaft 15 by a width B which is matched to a distance B1 from a longitudinal edge of the elongated hole 16 to an adjacent side wall 21 of the elongated hole 16. In other words, the width B is matched to a width B1 of an edge of the plate 17 around the elongated hole 16, which lies below the contact surface 20. Specifically, B = B1 or slightly smaller. In general, B and B1 should be dimensioned such that a lateral play of the shaft 15 with respect to the elongated hole 16 corresponds approximately to the play between the locking head 18 and the side wall 21. Ideally, both games are the same.

Ferner ist in Fig. 3 ein gedachter Kreis 22 eingezeichnet, dessen Durchmesser E einen Mittelpunkt des Langlochs 16 (Kreuzungspunkt der beiden Achsen 23 und 24) als Mittelpunkt hat. Bogenförmige Stirnseiten 25 des Langlochs 16 folgen ebenfalls der Kontur dieses Kreises 22, wie in Fig. 3 gut zu erkennen ist. Mithin entspricht der Durchmesser E der größten Länge des Langlochs 16.Furthermore, in Fig. 3 an imaginary circle 22 is drawn, the diameter E as a center of the elongated hole 16 (intersection of the two axes 23 and 24) Center. Arc-shaped end faces 25 of the elongated hole 16 likewise follow the contour of this circle 22, as in FIG Fig. 3 is clearly visible. The diameter E therefore corresponds to the greatest length of the elongated hole 16.

Wie ebenfalls in Fig. 3 zu erkennen ist, springt der Verriegelungskopf 18 ausgehend von der Achse 24 um ein Maß F vor, welches dem halben Durchmesser E entspricht. In diesem Fall bildet eine seitliche Kante 26 des Verriegelungskopfes 18 eine Tangente an den gedachten Kreis 22. Alternativ kann F auch größer als der halbe Durchmesser E sein. Es gilt also F ≥ E/2.As also in Fig. 3 can be seen, the locking head 18 protrudes from the axis 24 by a dimension F, which corresponds to half the diameter E. In this case, a lateral edge 26 of the locking head 18 forms a tangent to the imaginary circle 22. Alternatively, F can also be larger than half the diameter E. So F ≥ E / 2 applies.

Das insoweit beschriebene Kuppelstück 10 weist weiterhin ein Distanzstück 27 auf, welches verhindert, dass das Kuppelstück 10 verkehrt herum eingebaut wird. Dieses wird in der eingangs genannten EP 1 784 348 B1 näher beschrieben. Das vorliegende Distanzstück 27 unterscheidet sich jedoch in wesentlichen Punkten von diesem Stand der Technik:
Das vorliegende Distanzstück 27 weist seinerseits eine Auflagefläche 28 auf, welche mit der Auflagefläche 20 des Verriegelungskopfes 18 fluchtet. Die Auflagefläche 28 des Distanzstücks 27 liegt also ebenfalls auf der Platte 17 des Eckbeschlags 12 auf. Mit anderen Worten bilden die Auflageflächen 20 und 28 eine einheitliche Auflagefläche für den Verriegelungskopf 18 auf der Platte 17. Mit anderen Worten ist die Länge A des um das Distanzstück verminderten Verriegelungskopfes 18 auf die Gesamtlänge L des Verriegelungskopfes verlängert. Die Gesamtlänge L ist größer als die Länge der seitlichen geraden Kanten (vorliegend ebenfalls A) des Langlochs und im vorliegenden Fall sogar größer als E.The coupling piece 10 described so far also has a spacer 27 which prevents the coupling piece 10 from being installed upside down. This is mentioned in the introduction EP 1 784 348 B1 described in more detail. The present spacer 27, however, differs in essential points from this prior art:
The present spacer 27 in turn has a support surface 28 which is flush with the support surface 20 of the locking head 18. The bearing surface 28 of the spacer 27 is thus also on the plate 17 of the corner fitting 12. In other words, the contact surfaces 20 and 28 form a uniform contact surface for the locking head 18 on the plate 17. In other words, the length A of the locking head 18 reduced by the spacer is extended to the total length L of the locking head. The total length L is greater than the length of the lateral straight edges (also here A) of the elongated hole and in the present case even greater than E.

Das Distanzstück läuft im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel vom eigentlichen Verriegelungskopf 18 weg hin zu seinem freien Stirnende keilförmig zu, wie in Fig. 3 erkennbar. Konkret ist eine äußere (zur Seitenwand 21 weisende) Seitenfläche 29 des Distanzstücks 27 unter einem Winkel Z zur Seitenwand 21 (welche parallel zur Längsachse 24 des Langlochs 16 verläuft) angeordnet. Eine innere (von der Seitenwand 21 weg weisende) Seitenfläche 30 verläuft unter einem Winkel Y zur Längsachse 24 des Langlochs 16. Wie aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich, laufen die äußere Seitenfläche 29 und die innere Seitenfläche 30 keilförmig aufeinander zu. Die Winkel Y und Z können gleich sein oder auch zueinander unterschiedlich sein. Die Winkel Y und Z liegen dabei jeweils zwischen 0° und 30°. Vorzugsweise betragen sie 10°.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the spacer tapers away from the actual locking head 18 towards its free end, as in FIG Fig. 3 recognizable. Specifically, an outer side surface 29 (facing the side wall 21) of the spacer 27 is arranged at an angle Z to the side wall 21 (which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis 24 of the elongated hole 16). An inner side surface 30 (pointing away from the side wall 21) extends at an angle Y to the longitudinal axis 24 of the Elongated holes 16. As can be seen from the drawing, the outer side surface 29 and the inner side surface 30 converge in a wedge shape. The angles Y and Z can be the same or different from one another. The angles Y and Z are each between 0 ° and 30 °. They are preferably 10 °.

Auch eine Oberseite 31 des Distanzstücks 27 fällt vom eigentlichen Verriegelungskopf 18 weg zum freien Ende hin rampenartig ab, und zwar unter einem Winkel W (Fig. 1). Dieser Winkel W dann wiederum zwischen 0° und 30° betragen, wobei 10° auch hier besonders bevorzugt ist.An upper side 31 of the spacer 27 also slopes away from the actual locking head 18 towards the free end, at an angle W ( Fig. 1 ). This angle W is then again between 0 ° and 30 °, with 10 ° being particularly preferred here too.

Schließlich fällt eine gemeinsame Oberseite 32 des Verriegelungskopfes 18 und des Distanzstücks 27 nach außen hin (zur Seitenwand 21 hin) rampenartig ab, nämlich unter einem Winkel X (Fig. 2). Dieser Winkel X beträgt zwischen 30° und 60°, wobei 45° besonders bevorzugt sind.Finally, a common upper side 32 of the locking head 18 and the spacer 27 slopes downwards towards the outside (towards the side wall 21), namely at an angle X ( Fig. 2 ). This angle X is between 30 ° and 60 °, 45 ° being particularly preferred.

Die Winkel Y und Z tragen ebenfalls zum erleichterten Einfädeln des oberen Kupplungsvorsprungs 11 in das Langloch 16 bei. Die Winkel W und Z dienen im Wesentlichen der Gewichtseinsparung.The angles Y and Z also contribute to the easier threading of the upper coupling projection 11 into the elongated hole 16. The angles W and Z essentially serve to save weight.

Wie in Fig. 1 noch zu erkenne ist, weist der Schaft 15 benachbart zur Anschlagplatte einen Schaftabsatz 33 auf, welcher insbesondere länger als der Schaft 15 im Übrigen ist. Dieser Schaftansatz 33 weist in der Draufsicht gesehen eine Kontur auf, welcher der Kontur des Langlochs 16 entspricht und vermindert somit das Spiel des Kuppelstücks 10 gegenüber dem Langloch 16 insbesondere in Längsrichtung (Achse 24) des Langlochs 16 gesehen, ohne dabei das Einsetzen des oberen Kupplungsvorsprungs 11 in den Eckbeschlag 12 zu behindern.As in Fig. 1 can still be seen, the shaft 15 has a shaft shoulder 33 adjacent to the stop plate, which is in particular longer than the shaft 15 otherwise. Seen in plan view, this shaft extension 33 has a contour which corresponds to the contour of the elongated hole 16 and thus reduces the play of the coupling piece 10 compared to the elongated hole 16, in particular seen in the longitudinal direction (axis 24) of the elongated hole 16, without the insertion of the upper coupling projection 11 in the corner fitting 12 to hinder.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference symbol list:

1010th
KuppelstückCoupling piece
1111
KupplungsvorsprungCoupling projection
1212th
EckbeschlagCorner fitting
1313
KupplungsvorsprungCoupling projection
1414
AnschlagplatteStop plate
1515
Schaftshaft
1616
LanglochLong hole
1717th
Platteplate
1818th
VerriegelungskopfLocking head
1919th
VerriegelungsnaseLocking lug
2020
AuflageflächeContact surface
2121
SeitenwandSide wall
2222
Kreiscircle
2323
Achseaxis
2424th
Achsenaxes
2525th
StirnseiteFace
2626
KanteEdge
2727
DistanzstückSpacer
2828
AuflageflächeContact surface
2929
SeitenflächeSide surface
3030th
SeitenflächeSide surface
3131
OberseiteTop
3232
OberseiteTop
3333
SchaftabsatzHeel
AA
Kantenlänge des Langloch 16Edge length of slot 16
BB
Breitewidth
B1B1
Abstanddistance
CC.
PlattendickePlate thickness
DD
SchaftlängeShaft length
EE
Durchmesserdiameter
FF
MaßMeasure
LL
Längelength
WW
Winkelangle
XX
Winkelangle
YY
Winkelangle
ZZ.
Winkelangle

Claims (7)

Kuppelstück (10) zum Verbinden zweier übereinander gestapelter Container an Bord von Schiffen mit: einem ersten Kupplungsvorsprung (11), welcher in einen unteren Eckbeschlag (12) des oberen Containers einsetzbar und dort vorverriegelbar ist; einem zweiten Kupplungsvorsprung (13), der in einem gekuppelten Zustand in einen oberen Eckbeschlag des unteren Containers eingreift; einer Auflagefläche (20) des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs (11), welche im gekuppelten Zustand auf einem inneren Rand am unteren Eckbeschlag (10) des oberen Containers aufliegt; und einem Distanzstück (27) des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs (11), derart, dass das Kuppelstück (10) nur in einer bestimmten Orientierung in den unteren Eckbeschlag (12) des oberen Containers einsetzbar ist; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Distanzstück (27) eine Auflagefläche (28) aufweist, welche mit der Auflagefläche (20) des ersten Kupplungsvorsprungs (11) fluchtet und im gekuppelten Zustand ebenfalls auf dem inneren Rand am unteren Eckbeschlag (12) des oberen Containers aufliegt. Coupling piece (10) for connecting two stacked containers on board ships with: a first coupling projection (11) which can be inserted into a lower corner fitting (12) of the upper container and pre-locked there; a second coupling projection (13) which, in a coupled state, engages in an upper corner fitting of the lower container; a bearing surface (20) of the first coupling projection (11) which, when coupled, rests on an inner edge on the lower corner fitting (10) of the upper container; and a spacer (27) of the first coupling projection (11), such that the coupling piece (10) can only be inserted into the lower corner fitting (12) of the upper container in a certain orientation; characterized in that the spacer (27) has a bearing surface (28) which is flush with the bearing surface (20) of the first coupling projection (11) and, in the coupled state, also rests on the inner edge on the lower corner fitting (12) of the upper container. Kuppelstück nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass äußere Seitenfläche (29) und eine innere Seitenfläche (30) keilförmig aufeinander zulaufen.Coupling piece according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer side surface (29) and an inner side surface (30) converge in a wedge shape. Kuppelstück nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die äußere Seitenfläche (29) unter einem ersten Winkel (Y), insbesondere von 0° bis 30°, vorzugsweise 10°, und die innere Seitenfläche (30) unter einem zweiten Winkel (Z), insbesondere von 0° bis 30°, vorzugsweise 10°, zu einer Längsachse (24) des oberen Kupplungsvorsprungs (11) verlaufen, die zueinander gleich oder unterschiedlich sind.Coupling piece according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer side surface (29) at a first angle (Y), in particular from 0 ° to 30 °, preferably 10 °, and the inner side surface (30) at a second angle (Z), in particular from 0 ° to 30 °, preferably 10 °, to a longitudinal axis (24) of the upper coupling projection (11), which are the same or different from one another. Kuppelstück nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verriegelungskopfes (18) des oberen Kupplungsvorsprungs (11) um ein Maß (F) seitlich vorspringt, welches größer oder gleich einer halben Länge (E) eines Langlochs (16) im Eckbeschlag (12) an dessen längster Stelle ist (F ≥ E/2).Coupling piece according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a locking head (18) of the upper coupling projection (11) by a dimension (F) protrudes laterally, which is greater than or equal to half a length (E) of an elongated hole (16) in the corner fitting (12) at its longest point (F ≥ E / 2). Kuppelstück nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Breite (B) der Auflagefläche (20) gleich oder geringfügig kleiner als einer Breite (B1) eines Randes der einer Platte (17) des Eckbeschlags (12) ist.Coupling piece according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a width (B) of the bearing surface (20) is equal to or slightly less than a width (B1) of an edge of a plate (17) of the corner fitting (12). Kuppelstück nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch eine Anschlagplatte (14), an welche sich eine Schaft (15) des ersten Kupplungsvorsprung anschließt, wobei eine Länge (D) des Schaftes (15) von einer Oberseite der Anschlagplatte (14) aus bis zur Auflagefläche (20) gemessen der Stärke (C) einer unteren Platte (17) angepasst ist.Coupling piece according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a stop plate (14), to which a shaft (15) of the first coupling projection is connected, wherein a length (D) of the shaft (15) from an upper side of the stop plate (14) measured up to the contact surface (20) of the thickness (C) of a lower plate (17). Kuppelstück nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge (D) des Schaftes (15) gleich der Stärke (C) der Platte (17) ist.Coupling piece according to claim 7, characterized in that the length (D) of the shaft (15) is equal to the thickness (C) of the plate (17).
EP19199275.9A 2019-01-14 2019-09-24 Coupling piece for connecting two stacked containers on board ships Active EP3680194B1 (en)

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EP1534612A1 (en) 2002-08-24 2005-06-01 SEC Ship's Equipment Centre Bremen GmbH Coupling piece for joining two containers that are stacked one atop the other, arrangement of stacked containers, and method for joining stacked containers using coupling pieces of this type
EP1784348A1 (en) 2004-08-26 2007-05-16 SEC Ship's Equipment Centre Bremen GmbH Coupling part for connecting two containers stacked on top of one another
DE102009035201A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-04-22 Cargotec Finland Oy Coupling device for coupling containers, in particular containers used in cargo ships
DE102011087042B3 (en) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-29 German Lashing Robert Böck GmbH Locking device i.e. fully-automatic twistlock, for securing container on ship, has inhibition element arranged such that rotating movement for moving fitting away from locking body is inhibited and designed in elastically-deformable manner
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CN114954802B (en) * 2022-06-14 2023-08-22 昆山吉海实业有限公司 Fastening method for special container

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CN111434588A (en) 2020-07-21
EP3680194B1 (en) 2021-11-17
DK3680194T3 (en) 2022-02-14
JP2020111319A (en) 2020-07-27
DE102019100844A1 (en) 2020-07-16

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