EP3680184B1 - Procédé et appareil pour emballer des produits dans des emballages en forme de boîte - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour emballer des produits dans des emballages en forme de boîte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3680184B1
EP3680184B1 EP20150997.3A EP20150997A EP3680184B1 EP 3680184 B1 EP3680184 B1 EP 3680184B1 EP 20150997 A EP20150997 A EP 20150997A EP 3680184 B1 EP3680184 B1 EP 3680184B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
package
forming wheel
hot glue
glue
rotation axis
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20150997.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3680184B2 (fr
EP3680184A1 (fr
Inventor
Sergio Maldotti
Roberto Gubbellini
Michele Ferrari
Luca Federici
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GD SpA
Original Assignee
GD SpA
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Priority to PL20150997.3T priority Critical patent/PL3680184T5/pl
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Publication of EP3680184B1 publication Critical patent/EP3680184B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B19/00—Packaging rod-shaped or tubular articles susceptible to damage by abrasion or pressure, e.g. cigarettes, cigars, macaroni, spaghetti, drinking straws or welding electrodes
    • B65B19/02—Packaging cigarettes
    • B65B19/12—Inserting the cigarettes, or wrapped groups thereof, into preformed containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B19/00—Packaging rod-shaped or tubular articles susceptible to damage by abrasion or pressure, e.g. cigarettes, cigars, macaroni, spaghetti, drinking straws or welding electrodes
    • B65B19/02—Packaging cigarettes
    • B65B19/22—Wrapping the cigarettes; Packaging the cigarettes in containers formed by folding wrapping material around formers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B19/00—Packaging rod-shaped or tubular articles susceptible to damage by abrasion or pressure, e.g. cigarettes, cigars, macaroni, spaghetti, drinking straws or welding electrodes
    • B65B19/02—Packaging cigarettes
    • B65B19/22—Wrapping the cigarettes; Packaging the cigarettes in containers formed by folding wrapping material around formers
    • B65B19/223—Wrapping the cigarettes; Packaging the cigarettes in containers formed by folding wrapping material around formers in a curved path; in a combination of straight and curved paths, e.g. on rotary tables or other endless conveyors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B19/00—Packaging rod-shaped or tubular articles susceptible to damage by abrasion or pressure, e.g. cigarettes, cigars, macaroni, spaghetti, drinking straws or welding electrodes
    • B65B19/02—Packaging cigarettes
    • B65B19/22—Wrapping the cigarettes; Packaging the cigarettes in containers formed by folding wrapping material around formers
    • B65B19/228—Preparing and feeding blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/02—Applying adhesives or sealing liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/02—Applying adhesives or sealing liquids
    • B65B51/023—Applying adhesives or sealing liquids using applicator nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention refers - in general - to the packaging of products, and relates to a method and an apparatus for packaging products in box-shaped packages.
  • the present invention was specifically developed for the packaging of smoking articles in rigid packages with a hinged cover. In the following description, reference will be made to this specific field of use without however losing generality.
  • An established technique for producing rigid packs of smoking articles with a hinged cover envisages the use of a forming wheel having a plurality of seats within which respective groups of smoking articles are placed, which have been previously wrapped in a sheet of metallized paper wrapping and respective cardboard package blanks.
  • the forming wheel is rotatable in steps and transports the packages being formed between an inlet station and an outlet station. During the movement, the package blanks are progressively folded around the respective groups of smoking articles so as to form a package with the shape of a parallelepiped box.
  • cold glue vinyl glue
  • cold glue takes a relatively long time to dry and set.
  • the cold glue has a drying time that is greater than the time required for forming packages, so it is necessary to provide a drying tunnel at the outlet of the forming wheel.
  • the packages are not stable and it is necessary to keep the flaps between which the cold glue has been applied in contact with each other.
  • hot glue hot melt
  • the hot glue ensures an immediate grip and allows obtainment of a stable and immediate fixing of the folded flaps of the package being formed.
  • hot glue in combination with cold glue allows reduction of the length of the drying path of the packages at the outlet of the forming wheel.
  • WO2010/119472 / EP 2 419 335 A2 describes a forming wheel for packaging cigarettes in box-shaped packages, having a plurality of peripheral seats, each of which is configured to house a group of cigarettes and a cardboard package blank.
  • the package blank has wings configured to form the smaller side walls of the package.
  • This document envisages applying hot glue on the side wings of the package after the package has left the forming wheel.
  • dispensing devices are provided that move and deposit a strip of glue on each side of the blank.
  • the movement of the glue dispensing units is complicated because it requires moving - with high acceleration - units that may have a weight in the order of 10-20 kg.
  • the present invention aims to provide a method and an apparatus for packaging products in box-shaped packages that overcome the problems of the prior art.
  • this object is achieved, by a method and by an apparatus having the characteristics forming the subject of the claims.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus 10 for packaging products in box-shaped packages, in particular for packaging groups of smoking articles in rigid packages with a hinged lid.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises a forming wheel 12 rotatable about a rotation axis A.
  • the forming wheel 12 is rotated in steps around the axis A and comprises a plurality of seats 14 arranged on its periphery.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises an inlet station 16 in the forming wheel and an outlet station 18.
  • the inlet station 16 is actually an intermediate station in the complete flow of the apparatus 10.
  • each seat 14 of the forming wheel 12 receives a respective cardboard package blank 20 and a respective product to be packaged 22.
  • the product to be packaged 22 may be formed of a group of smoking articles wrapped in a metallized paper wrapper.
  • the package blank 20 is folded around the product to be packaged 22 during the movement of the forming wheel 12 from the inlet station 16 towards the outlet station 18.
  • the package blank 20 is folded around the respective product 22.
  • a package 24 is obtained downstream of the outlet station 18, having the form of a parallelepiped box enclosing the product 22.
  • the package 24 leaves the outlet station 24 with two open side flaps. Closing the side flaps is carried out while the package leaves the forming wheel 12.
  • the finished packages 24 are generally known in the art as rigid packs with a hinged cover.
  • the structure and operation of the forming wheels configured to package groups of smoking articles in rigid packages with hinged covers are well known to experts in the field and do not require a detailed description.
  • Apparatuses for packaging smoking articles in rigid packages with hinged covers including forming wheels for folding blanks of cardboard packages are described in various patent documents, such as, for example, EP0792806-B1 and EP2419335-B1 .
  • the devices known per se, configured for folding the package blank 20 aimed at producing box-shaped packages 24, will not be illustrated in detail.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a package blank 20 before it is fed to the forming wheel 12.
  • the package blank 20 has a longitudinal axis B parallel to its prevailing development direction.
  • the package blank 20 comprises a front wall 26, two outer side flaps 28 which project laterally from the front wall 26, a base wall 30, a rear wall 32, two inner side flaps 34 projecting laterally from the rear wall 32 and a cover portion 36 hinged to the rear wall 32.
  • the lid portion 36 includes a rear wall 37 having two inner side cover flaps 39, an upper wall 38, a front cover wall 40 and two outer cover flaps 42 projecting laterally from the front cover wall 40. Terms such as “front”, “rear”, “upper”, etc.
  • Each package blank 20 has a plurality of cold glue points 44 applied to predetermined parts of the package blank 20 before it is fed to the forming wheel 12.
  • the cold glue points 44 are applied to the package blanks 20 as they advance in a direction C parallel to the longitudinal axis B of the package blanks 20. Solutions are also possible in which the cold glue is applied onto the package blanks 20 as they advance in a transverse direction with respect to the axis B.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows - with 46 - a unit for applying cold glue, having a plurality of nozzles 48 that apply the cold glue points 44 onto the package blanks 20 advancing in direction C.
  • just a single row of nozzles 48 may be provided.
  • applying cold glue can be carried out by means of disc applicators.
  • the cold glue points 44 can be arranged in arrays parallel to the longitudinal axis B and located symmetrically with respect to the axis B.
  • the cold glue points 44 can be applied on the front wall 26, on the outer side flaps 28, on the base wall 30, on the rear wall 32, on the inner side flaps 34, on the upper wall 38, and on the outer cover flaps 42.
  • the individual package blanks 20 on which the cold glue points 44 have already been applied are positioned within respective seats 14 of the forming wheel 12, with the longitudinal axis B of the package blanks 20 perpendicular to the direction of movement D of the forming wheel 12.
  • a respective package blank 20 and a respective product to be packaged 22 are loaded.
  • the package blank 20 is folded around the product to be packaged 22 by a plurality of folding devices until they take the form of a parallelepiped box.
  • Figure 1 illustrates only two stationary folders 50, 52, which fold the front wall 26 and the cover portion 36 around respective transverse axes with respect to the longitudinal axis B.
  • Other folding devices (not illustrated) carry out folding of the side flaps 28, 34 and of the other parts of the package blank 20 during the stepwise movement of the package blank 20 along the direction D.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises a hot glue application station 54, arranged to apply hot glue onto the partially folded package blanks 20 advancing in steps in the direction D.
  • the hot glue application station 54 is located in a stationary position outside the forming wheel 12 and is controlled to apply hot glue points on the package blanks 20 while these are temporarily stopped during the stopping moments of the stepwise movement of the forming wheel 12.
  • the hot glue application station 54 may comprise two dispensing units 56, each including three nozzles, arranged so as to apply hot glue points on a surface oriented at 90° with respect to the rotation axis A of the forming wheel 12 and a dispensing unit 60 including two nozzles 62, oriented to apply hot glue points on a surface parallel to the rotation axis A of the forming wheel 12.
  • the hot glue application station 54 can be configured to apply a plurality of hot glue points 64 on the outer side flaps 28 and on the outer cover flaps 42 of the cardboard blank 20 (see in particular Figure 2 ).
  • three hot glue points 64 are applied to each of the first outer sides 28 and a hot glue point 64 is applied to each of the outer cover flaps 42.
  • the hot glue points 64 on the first outer sides 28 are applied when the front wall portion 26 is partially folded and is oriented at 90° with respect to the rotation axis of the forming wheel 12.
  • the hot glue points 64 on the side cover flaps 42 are applied while the upper wall 40 of the cover portion 36 is extended and oriented parallel to the rotation axis A of the forming wheel 12.
  • the hot glue points 64 are applied in points not overlapped on the cold glue points 44.
  • the hot glue application station 54 simultaneously applies all the hot glue points 64 during a single stop of the partially folded package blanks 20.
  • the hot- glue points 64 can be applied with precision, avoiding streaks or smears of the hot glue that would form if the hot glue was applied with a relative movement between the nozzles 58, 62 and the walls of the package blank 20.
  • the hot glue dispensing station 54 remains stationary during normal operation and can be moved from the operating position for maintenance operations (for example, to purge the nozzles 58, 62).
  • the fact of arranging the hot glue dispensing station 54 on the periphery of the forming wheel allows the hot glue points 64 to be applied before folding of the parts of the package blank 20 on which the hot glue is applied.
  • the cold glue points 44 (for example, vinyl glue) ensure a long-term sealing of the package 24.
  • cold glue requires a relatively long time to dry and to ensure the necessary seal.
  • the cold glue points 44 would not have time to dry during the folding steps of the blank 20.
  • the hot glue points 64 ensure an immediate seal, but tend to reduce the sealing capacity over time until the flaps are brought closer together. For this reason, the folding of the portions of the cardboard blank 20 on which the hot glue points 64 are applied must be carried out soon after applying the hot glue points 64.
  • the hot glue points 64 keep the flaps close together even in the absence of a drying tunnel.
  • the layout of the machine can be shortened by 1-1.5 m while maintaining the same quality of the packages.
  • the retrofit on previous machines is relatively simple since the structure of the forming wheel 12 remains unchanged.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Wrapping Of Specific Fragile Articles (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Container Filling Or Packaging Operations (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé d'emballage de produits (22) dans des emballages en forme de boîtes (24), comprenant :
    - fournir une découpe d'emballage (20) présentant un axe longitudinal (B) parallèle à sa direction d'étendue principale,
    - appliquer de la colle froide (44) sur des portions prédéterminées (26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 38, 42) de ladite découpe d'emballage (20), puis
    - positionner la découpe d'emballage (20) et un produit respectif (22) dans un siège respectif (14) d'une roue de formation apte à effectuer une rotation pas à pas autour d'un axe de rotation (A),
    - plier progressivement ladite découpe d'emballage (20) autour du produit respectif (22) au cours du déplacement pas à pas de ladite roue de formation (12) autour dudit axe de rotation (A),
    - appliquer de la colle chaude (64) sur des portions prédéterminées (28, 42) de ladite découpe d'emballage (20) partiellement pliée tandis que ladite découpe d'emballage (20) se trouve temporairement dans une position stationnaire, et ensuite
    - achever le pliage de la découpe d'emballage (20) autour du produit respectif (22).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'application de colle chaude est effectuée dans un poste d'application de colle chaude (54) comprenant une pluralité de buses stationnaires (58, 62).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel l'axe longitudinal (B) de ladite découpe d'emballage (20) est orthogonal à la direction de déplacement (D) de ladite roue de formation (12).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la colle chaude (64) est appliquée sur une partie de ladite découpe d'emballage (20) orientée orthogonalement par rapport à l'axe de rotation (A) de ladite roue de formation (12) et sur une partie de ladite découpe d'emballage (20) orientée parallèlement audit axe de rotation (A).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite colle froide (44) et ladite colle chaude (64) sont appliquées sous la forme de points de colle qui ne se chevauchent pas les uns les autres.
  6. Appareil d'emballage de produits (22) dans des emballages en forme de boîtes (24), comprenant :
    - une roue de formation (12) rotative autour d'un axe de rotation (A) et comportant une pluralité de sièges (14) conçus pour recevoir des produits respectifs (22) et des découpes d'emballage respectives (20),
    - une pluralité de dispositifs de pliage (50, 52) conçus pour plier des découpes d'emballage (20) autour de produits respectifs (22),
    - un poste de distribution de colle froide (46) pour appliquer de la colle froide (44) sur des portions préétablies (26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 38, 42) desdites découpes d'emballage (20) en amont de la roue de formation (12) et
    - un poste d'application de colle chaude (54) prévu pour appliquer de la colle chaude (64) sur des portions préétablies (28, 42) desdites découpes d'emballage (20) partiellement pliées tandis que lesdites découpes d'emballage (20) situées sur la roue de formation (12) se trouvent temporairement dans une position stationnaire, le poste d'application de colle chaude (54) étant situé en amont d'une région de la roue de formation (12) dans laquelle les découpes d'emballage (20) sont fermées autour de leurs produits respectifs (22).
  7. Appareil selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ledit poste d'application de colle chaude (54) comprend une pluralité de premières buses (58) orientées pour appliquer des points de colle chaude (64) sur une surface (28) orthogonale à l'axe de rotation (A) de la roue de formation (12) et une pluralité de secondes buses (62) prévues pour appliquer des points de colle chaude (64) sur une surface (42) parallèle à l'axe de rotation (A) de la roue de formation (12).
  8. Appareil selon la revendication 7, dans lequel lesdites premières buses (58) et lesdites secondes buses (62) sont stationnaires.
EP20150997.3A 2019-01-14 2020-01-09 Procédé et appareil pour emballer des produits dans des emballages en forme de boîte Active EP3680184B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL20150997.3T PL3680184T5 (pl) 2019-01-14 2020-01-09 Sposób i urządzenie do pakowania produktów w opakowania w kształcie pudełka

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102019000000545A IT201900000545A1 (it) 2019-01-14 2019-01-14 Procedimento e apparecchiatura per confezionare prodotti in pacchetti a forma di scatola

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3680184A1 EP3680184A1 (fr) 2020-07-15
EP3680184B1 true EP3680184B1 (fr) 2021-09-01
EP3680184B2 EP3680184B2 (fr) 2024-08-14

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ID=66166437

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Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP3680184B2 (fr)
IT (1) IT201900000545A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3680184T5 (fr)

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802325A (en) 1972-02-11 1974-04-09 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Machine for the production of hinged-lid packs for groups of cigarettes or the like
DE19604888A1 (de) 1995-02-14 1996-08-22 Gd Spa Verfahren zum Gummieren eines Zuschnitts in Zigaretten-Verpackungsmaschinen
US5766121A (en) 1995-06-07 1998-06-16 Sasib S.P.A. Method and device for making packets from packaging sheets, especially for cigarettes or the like
EP1454829A1 (fr) 2003-03-06 2004-09-08 G.D Societ Per Azioni Procédé et machine d'emballage de cigarettes
DE102006047812A1 (de) 2006-10-06 2008-04-10 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von (Zigaretten-)Packungen
DE102008029929A1 (de) 2008-06-26 2009-12-31 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Packungen
EP2419335A2 (fr) 2009-04-17 2012-02-22 Gima S.P.A. Dispositif de conditionnement d'un produit dans un contenant correspondant
EP2423112A1 (fr) 2010-08-24 2012-02-29 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co. KG) Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'emballages pour cigarettes
EP2850002A1 (fr) 2012-05-14 2015-03-25 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Procédé d'emballage et machine de fabrication d'un paquet de cigarettes à rabat rigide sur le revers
WO2016012905A1 (fr) 2014-07-21 2016-01-28 Gima Tt S.P.A. Appareil et procédé de confection de paquets pour articles à fumer
DE102017001694A1 (de) 2017-02-22 2018-08-23 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von (Zigaretten-)Packungen

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1408559A (en) † 1971-11-26 1975-10-01 Molins Ltd Adhesive-applying apparatus
GB1459091A (en) † 1973-02-16 1976-12-22 Molins Ltd Packing machines
IT1285576B1 (it) 1996-03-01 1998-06-18 Gd Spa Gruppo convogliatore di prodotti

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802325A (en) 1972-02-11 1974-04-09 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Machine for the production of hinged-lid packs for groups of cigarettes or the like
DE19604888A1 (de) 1995-02-14 1996-08-22 Gd Spa Verfahren zum Gummieren eines Zuschnitts in Zigaretten-Verpackungsmaschinen
US5766121A (en) 1995-06-07 1998-06-16 Sasib S.P.A. Method and device for making packets from packaging sheets, especially for cigarettes or the like
DE69603231T2 (de) 1995-06-07 1999-12-16 Sasib Tobacco S.P.A., Bologna Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Zigarettenschachteln aus Verpackungszuschnitten
EP1454829A1 (fr) 2003-03-06 2004-09-08 G.D Societ Per Azioni Procédé et machine d'emballage de cigarettes
DE102006047812A1 (de) 2006-10-06 2008-04-10 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von (Zigaretten-)Packungen
DE102008029929A1 (de) 2008-06-26 2009-12-31 Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Packungen
EP2419335A2 (fr) 2009-04-17 2012-02-22 Gima S.P.A. Dispositif de conditionnement d'un produit dans un contenant correspondant
EP2423112A1 (fr) 2010-08-24 2012-02-29 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co. KG) Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'emballages pour cigarettes
EP2850002A1 (fr) 2012-05-14 2015-03-25 G.D Societa' Per Azioni Procédé d'emballage et machine de fabrication d'un paquet de cigarettes à rabat rigide sur le revers
WO2016012905A1 (fr) 2014-07-21 2016-01-28 Gima Tt S.P.A. Appareil et procédé de confection de paquets pour articles à fumer
DE102017001694A1 (de) 2017-02-22 2018-08-23 Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von (Zigaretten-)Packungen
EP3366595A1 (fr) 2017-02-22 2018-08-29 Focke & Co. (GmbH & Co. KG) Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de paquets (de cigarettes)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3680184T5 (pl) 2024-09-30
PL3680184T3 (pl) 2021-12-20
IT201900000545A1 (it) 2020-07-14
EP3680184B2 (fr) 2024-08-14
EP3680184A1 (fr) 2020-07-15

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