Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
  • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
  • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
  • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
  • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
  • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
  • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
  • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
  • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/01—Shape
  • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
  • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/05—Size
  • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
  • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
  • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
  • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
  • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
  • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
  • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
  • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
  • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
  • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
  • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
  • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/0105—Ships
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/0105—Ships
  • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
  • F17C2270/0136—Terminals

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks, with membranes, for storing and / or transporting fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
• Watertight and thermally insulating membrane tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored at atmospheric pressure at about -162 ° C. These tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank may be intended for the transport of liquefied natural gas or to receive liquefied natural gas used as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
• LNG liquefied natural gas
• sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage of liquefied natural gas, integrated into a supporting structure, such as the double hull of a vessel for the transport of liquefied natural gas.
• a supporting structure such as the double hull of a vessel for the transport of liquefied natural gas.
• such tanks comprise a multilayer structure successively presenting, in the direction of the thickness, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier retained to the supporting structure, a waterproofing membrane. secondary against the secondary thermal insulation barrier, a primary thermal insulation barrier resting against the secondary waterproofing membrane and a primary waterproofing membrane resting against the primary thermal insulation barrier and intended to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas contained in the tank.
• the document WO2016 / 046487 describes a secondary thermal insulation barrier and a primary thermal insulation barrier formed of juxtaposed insulating panels.
• the secondary waterproofing membrane consists of a plurality of metal sheets having corrugations projecting outwardly of the tank and thus allowing the secondary sealing membrane to deform under the effect of the thermal and mechanical stresses generated by the fluid stored in the tank.
• An inner face of the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier has grooves receiving corrugations corrugated metal sheets of the secondary waterproof membrane. These undulations and these grooves form a mesh of channels developing along the walls of the tank. summary
• An idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating watertight membrane with corrugations in which the convection phenomena are reduced.
• an idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank limiting the presence of continuous circulation channels in the thermal insulation barriers in order to limit natural convection phenomena in said insulation barriers thermal.
• the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating fluid storage tank, in which a tank wall comprises, successively in a thickness direction, a secondary thermal insulation barrier comprising a plurality of secondary insulating elements juxtaposed, the secondary insulating elements being retained against a supporting wall, for example by secondary retaining members, a secondary sealing membrane carried by the secondary insulating elements of the secondary thermal insulation barrier, a secondary barrier, primary thermal insulation comprising a plurality of primary insulating elements juxtaposed, the primary insulating elements being retained against the secondary sealing membrane, for example by primary retaining members, and a primary sealing membrane carried by the barrier of primary thermal insulation and intended to be in contact with the fl cryogenic fluid contained in the tank
• such a tank may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
• the secondary sealing membrane is a corrugated metal membrane comprising a series of parallel corrugations forming channels, in particular long channels according to the dimensions of the tank, and planar portions located between said corrugations, the primary insulating elements having an outer face, said outer surface being able to be flat, covering the flat portions of the secondary sealing membrane, the secondary insulating elements having an inner surface, which can be flat, supporting the flat portions of the membrane of secondary sealing, anti-convective filler elements being arranged in corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane to create a pressure drop in said channels.
• the corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane project outwardly of the tank in the direction of the supporting structure.
• the anti-convective filler elements arranged in the corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane are covered by the outer face of the primary insulating elements.
• the anti-convective filler elements arranged in the corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane are fixed to the outer face of the primary insulating elements.
• the anti-convective filling elements arranged in the corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane are fixed, for example glued, to the secondary waterproofing membrane.
• the secondary insulating elements have grooves dug in the inner face to receive corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane, complementary anti-convective filler elements being disposed in said grooves between the secondary sealing membrane. and the secondary insulators to create a pressure drop in a remaining portion of said grooves around the corrugations of the secondary waterproofing membrane.
• the corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane project into the interior of the tank.
• the anti-convective filler elements arranged in the corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane are supported by the internal face of the secondary insulating elements.
• the primary insulating elements have grooves cut in the outer face to receive corrugations of the secondary sealing membrane, complementary anti-convective filler elements being disposed in said grooves between the secondary sealing membrane. and the primary insulators to create a pressure drop in a remaining portion of said grooves around the corrugations of the secondary waterproofing membrane.
• the primary waterproofing membrane is a corrugated metal membrane having a series of parallel corrugations forming channels, in particular long channels according to the dimensions of the tank, and planar portions located between said corrugations, the primary insulating elements having an inner face supporting the planar portions of the primary sealing membrane.
• the corrugations of the primary waterproofing membrane project outwardly of the tank towards the supporting structure.
• the primary insulating elements have grooves dug in the inner face to receive corrugations of the primary waterproofing membrane, complementary anti-convective filler elements being disposed in said grooves between the primary waterproofing membrane. and the primary insulators to create a pressure drop in a remaining portion of said grooves around the corrugations of the primary waterproofing membrane.
• the anti-convective filler elements comprise an elongated filling piece disposed in a corrugation of the secondary sealing membrane, and / or the primary sealing membrane, the elongate filling piece having a shape of section that fills at least 80% the section of the corrugation in the assembled state of the tank, and for example the entire section of the corrugation.
• the elongate filling piece may have many sectional shapes.
• the elongate filling piece may have a sectional shape complementary to the sectional shape of the corrugation or a circular section, elliptical or otherwise.
• a filling unit arranged in a has parallel grooves oriented transversely to the length of the filler and distributed along the length of the filler.
• the secondary sealing membrane, and / or the primary sealing membrane comprises a first series of parallel corrugations and a second series of parallel corrugations which is transverse to the first series of corrugations and which cuts the first series of corrugations at node areas, the anti-convective fillers having node pieces disposed in node areas of the secondary waterproofing membrane, and / or the primary waterproofing membrane .
• an anti-convective filler element or a complementary anti-convective filler element is made of expanded polystyrene or of polymer foam or glass wool.
• an anti-convective filler element or a complementary anti-convective filler element is made of flexible synthetic material or of molded synthetic material.
• the primary insulating elements comprise parallelepiped insulating panels arranged so as to provide interstices between them,
• the primary thermal insulation barrier further comprising an anti-convective covering strip made of continuous material, preferably thin, and disposed along an edge of a first parallelepiped insulating panel so as to substantially close the interstice between said first parallelepiped insulating panel and a second parallelepiped insulating panel, the second parallelepiped insulating panel being adjacent to the first parallelepiped insulating panel, the anti-convective covering strip having a first edge portion disposed on the inner face of the first parallelepiped insulating panel.
• the first edge portion of the anti-convective cover strip may be fixed on the first parallelepiped insulating panel or under the primary membrane, in particular glued or stapled on the inner face of the first parallelepiped insulating panel.
• the opposite edge of the anti-convective coverage strip is preferably left free.
• the inner face of the first parallelepiped insulating panel has a counterbore along the gap to accommodate the first edge portion of the anti-convective cover strip.
• the anti-convective cover strip spans the gap between the first parallelepipedal insulating panel and the second parallelepipedal insulating panel, the anti-convective cover band having a second edge portion opposite the first edge portion. and disposed on the inner face of the second parallelepiped insulating panel.
• the inner face of the second parallelepipedal insulating panel comprises a countersink along the gap to accommodate the second edge portion of the anti-convective cover strip.
• the first and / or second edge portion has a width greater than 10 mm.
• the anti-convective covering strip comprises a folded portion which is engaged in the gap between the first parallelepipedal insulating panel and the second parallelipipedal insulating panel, the folded portion comprising a first pan extending towards the in the thickness direction of the vessel wall from the first edge portion and a second inwardly extending portion in the thickness direction of the vessel wall from the first edge.
• the anti-convective coverage strip is preferably made of flexible material.
• the folded portion bears against a side face of the second parallelepiped insulating panel bordering the gap.
• the cover strip protrudes on the inner face of the second insulating panel.
• the anti-convective covering strip has a length greater than the length of said edge of the first parallelepipedal insulating panel so as to project at least over a third parallelepipedal insulating panel, the third parallelepipedal insulating panel being adjacent to the first panel. parallelepipedal insulation.
• the first parallelipipedal insulating panel also carries a second anti-convective cover strip made of thin continuous material and disposed along an edge of the first parallelepipedal insulating panel turned towards the third parallelepipedal insulating panel, so substantially closing off the gap between said first parallelepipedal insulating panel and the third parallelepipedal insulating panel, the second anti-convective covering strip comprising a first edge portion placed or fixed on the inner face of the first parallelepiped insulating panel.
• the first and second anti-convective cover strips consist of a single piece of L-shaped thin continuous material.
• the anti-convective covering strip may be made of flexible or rigid materials, for example with a thickness of less than 2 mm, or even less than or equal to 1 mm. According to one embodiment, the anti-convective covering strip is made of a material chosen from paper, cardboard, polymer films and composite materials based on polymer resin and fibers.
• the gap between the first parallelepiped insulating panel and the second parallelepiped insulating panel has a width of less than 10 mm.
• the primary insulating elements comprise parallelepiped insulating panels arranged so as to provide interstices between them,
• the primary thermal insulation barrier further comprising an anti-convective filler plate disposed in the gap between a first parallelepiped insulating panel and a second parallelepiped insulating panel, the second parallelepiped insulating panel being adjacent to the first parallelepiped insulating panel, the plate anti-convective filler being made of thin continuous material and having a plurality of elongate wall members extending substantially throughout the width of the gap to define cells extending substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction.
• the filler plate is made of relatively flexible material, such as paper, cardboard, plastic sheet, especially polyetherimide or polyamide imide so that the cells can easily crash and thus adapt to the width of the interstice .
• the length of such a filler plate may be greater, smaller or substantially equal to the length of the edges of the parallelepiped insulating panels between which the gap is formed.
• Such a filling plate may in particular be interrupted or cut at the location of the primary retaining members, at least when the primary retaining members are also arranged in the interstices.
• the elongated wall elements are formed of successive portions of a sheet of corrugated material having alternate parallel corrugations extending substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction.
• the filler plate has a sandwich structure comprising two parallel continuous sheets spaced by said elongate wall elements, said two parallel continuous sheets being arranged against two lateral faces of the first and second parallelepiped insulating panel delimiting the interstice .
• the width of the cells is in fact equal to the width of the gap minus the thickness of the two parallel continuous sheets.
• the elongated wall elements are formed of cylindrical elements extending substantially perpendicular to the direction of thickness and fixed between the two parallel continuous sheets.
• the sectional shape of such cylindrical elements can be arbitrary, for example hexagonal, circular or other.
• At least one of the two parallel continuous sheets spaced by said elongated wall elements comprises an upper edge portion folded and fixed on the internal face of at least one of the two parallelepiped insulating panels between which the gap is formed.
• the inner face of the first and / or second parallelepiped insulating panel comprises a counterbore along the gap to accommodate said upper edge portion of the continuous sheet.
• the gap between the first parallelepiped insulating panel and the second parallelepiped insulating panel has a width of less than 10 mm.
• Such a tank may be part of an onshore storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deepwater, including a LNG tanker, LNG carrier, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
• a LNG tanker for example to store LNG
• LNG carrier for example to transport LNG
• FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
• FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
• a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
• the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
• the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
• FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall for storing a fluid
• FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of section II-II of FIG. 1 illustrating a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view from below of an insulating panel of the primary thermal insulation barrier according to an alternative embodiment of the first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of section 11-11 of FIG. 1 illustrating a second embodiment of the invention
• Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary filler bar
• FIG. 6 is a sectional view illustrating the second embodiment of the invention according to section III-III of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 7 represents a sectional view of a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall according to a third embodiment of the invention;
• FIG. 8 is a partial diagrammatic perspective view of a sealed and thermally insulating tank according to a fourth embodiment in which the primary waterproof membrane is not illustrated;
• FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view of a gap between two insulating panels of the primary thermally insulating barrier of FIG. 7;
• FIG. 10 is a partial sectional view of a gap between two insulating panels of the primary thermally insulating barrier according to an alternative embodiment of FIG.
• FIGS. 11 to 15 are partial sectional views of a gap between two insulating panels of the primary thermally insulating barrier according to a fifth embodiment
• FIG. 16 is a cutaway schematic representation of a vessel of a LNG carrier and a loading / unloading terminal thereof;
• FIG. 17 is a schematic representation of the inner plates of three adjacent primary insulating panels on which an L-shaped convection plate rests according to an alternative embodiment of the fourth embodiment of the invention. ;
• FIG. 1 shows the multilayer structure of a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall for storing a fluid.
• Such a tank wall comprises, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 comprising secondary insulating panels 2 juxtaposed and anchored to a carrier structure 3 by secondary retaining members (not shown ), for example studs welded to the supporting structure 3, a secondary sealing membrane 4 carried by the secondary insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1, a primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprising primary insulating panels 6 juxtaposed and anchored to the secondary insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 by primary retaining members 19 and a primary waterproofing membrane 7, carried by the primary insulating panels 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
• secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 comprising secondary insulating panels 2 juxtaposed and anchored to a carrier structure 3 by secondary retaining members (not shown ), for example studs welded to the supporting structure 3, a secondary sealing membrane 4 carried by the secondary insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1, a primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprising primary insulating
• the supporting structure 3 can in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
• the supporting structure 3 can in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
• the supporting structure 3 comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank, usually a polyhedral shape.
• the secondary insulating panels 2 have substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
• the secondary insulating panels 2 each comprise an insulating lining layer 9, for example an insulating polymer foam 9, sandwiched between an inner rigid plate 10 and an external rigid plate 1 1.
• the rigid plates, internal 10 and external 1 1, are, for example, plywood plates bonded to said layer of insulating polymer foam 9.
• the insulating polymer foam may in particular be a polyurethane-based foam.
• the polymeric foam is advantageously reinforced by glass fibers contributing to reducing its thermal contraction.
• the secondary insulating panels 2 are juxtaposed in parallel rows and separated from each other by interstices 12 guaranteeing a functional clearance of mounting.
• the interstices 12 are filled with a heat insulating lining 13, shown in Figures 1 and 7, such as glass wool, rock wool or flexible synthetic foam open cell for example.
• the heat-insulating lining 13 is advantageously made of a porous material so as to allow a circulation of gas in the interstices 12 between the secondary insulating panels 2, for example a circulation of inert gas, such as nitrogen, within the barrier of secondary thermal insulation 1 so as to keep it in an inert atmosphere and thus prevent combustible gas from being in an explosive concentration range and / or to place the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 in a depression in order to increase its insulating power.
• This flow of gas is also important to facilitate the detection of possible fuel gas leaks.
• the interstices 12 have, for example, a width of the order of 30 mm.
• the inner plate 10 has two series of grooves 14, 15, perpendicular to each other, so as to form a network of grooves.
• Each of the series of grooves 14, 15 is parallel to two opposite sides of the secondary insulating panels 2.
• the grooves 14, 15 are intended for the reception of corrugations 25, 26, protruding towards the outside of the tank, formed on metal sheets 24 of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
• the inner plate 10 has three grooves 14 extending in the longitudinal direction of the secondary insulating panel 2 and nine grooves 15 extending in the transverse direction of the secondary insulating panel 2.
• the inner plate 10 is equipped with metal plates 17, 18 for anchoring the edge of the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 on the secondary insulating panels 2.
• the metal plates 17, 18 extend in two perpendicular directions which are each parallel to two opposite sides of the secondary insulating panels 2.
• the metal plates 17, 18 are fixed to the inner plate 10 of the secondary insulating panel 2 by screws, rivets or staples, for example.
• the metal plates 17, 18 are placed in recesses formed in the inner plate 10 so that the inner surface of the metal plates 17, 18 is flush with the inner surface of the inner plate 10.
• the inner plate 10 has an inner surface which is substantially flat, out of any singular areas such as grooves 14, 15 or countersinks for accommodating the metal plates 17, 18,
• the inner plate 10 is also equipped with threaded studs 19 protruding towards the inside of the tank, and intended to ensure the fixing of the thermal insulation barrier primary 5 on the secondary insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.
• the metal studs 19 pass through orifices in the metal plates 17.
• the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 24 each having a substantially rectangular shape.
• the corrugated metal sheets 24 are arranged offset from the secondary insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 so that each of said corrugated metal sheets 24 extends jointly on four adjacent secondary insulating panels 2.
• Each corrugated metal sheet 24 has a first series of parallel corrugations 25 extending in a first direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 26 extending in a second direction.
• the directions of the series of corrugations 25, 26 are perpendicular.
• Each of the series of corrugations 25, 26 is parallel to two opposite edges of the corrugated metal sheet 24.
• the corrugations 25, 26 protrude towards the outside of the vessel, that is to say in the direction of the supporting structure 3.
• the corrugated metal sheet 24 has between the corrugations 25, 26 a plurality of planar surfaces. At each crossing between two corrugations 25, 26, the metal sheet 24 comprises a node zone 27.
• the undulations 25, 26 of the corrugated metal sheets 24 are housed in the grooves 14, 15 formed in the inner plate 10 of the secondary insulating panels 2.
• the corrugated metal sheets 24 adjacent are welded together overlap.
• the anchoring of the corrugated metal sheets 24 on the metal plates 17, 18 is achieved by pointing welds.
• the corrugated metal sheets 24 are, for example, made of Invar®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1, 2.10 e and 2.10 6 K -1 , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content whose expansion coefficient is typically of the order of 7.10 6 K -1 .
• the corrugated metal sheets 24 may also be made of stainless steel or aluminum.
• the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprises a plurality of primary insulating panels 6 of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
• the primary insulating panels 6 are here offset with respect to the secondary insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 so that each primary insulating panel 6 extends over four secondary insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.
• the adjacent primary insulating panels 6 are spaced apart by a space 8 guaranteeing a However, this space 8 is reduced relative to the gap 12 between two adjacent secondary insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.
• the space 8 between two panels primary insulators 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 is of the order of 4mm plus or minus 3mm.
• the primary insulating panels 6 comprise a structure similar to the secondary insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1, namely a sandwich structure consisting of a layer of insulating gasket such as a layer of insulating polymer foam 29 sandwiched between two rigid plates, internal 30 and outer 31, for example of plywood.
• the inner plate 30 of a primary insulating panel 6 is equipped with metal plates 32, 33 for anchoring corrugated metal sheets 39 of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 in a similar manner to the metal plates 17, 18 for anchoring the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
• the inner and outer 30 and 31 plates are preferably flat, excluding any singular areas.
• the primary waterproofing membrane 7 is obtained by assembling a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 39 similar to the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
• Each corrugated metal sheet 39 has two series of corrugations 40 perpendicular to each other .
• the corrugations 40 of each of said series of corrugations 40 are parallel to a respective side of the corresponding corrugated metal sheet 39. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the corrugations 40 project towards the inside of the tank.
• the corrugated metal sheets 39 are, for example, made of stainless steel or aluminum.
• the anchoring members of the thermally insulating barriers 1 and 5 and the sealing membranes 4 and 7, may be found in WO2016 / 046487, WO2013004943 or WO2014057221.
• the undulations 25, 26 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 constitute a mesh of circulation channels.
• Such channels develop continuously between the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 and the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 throughout the vessel wall.
• Such channels thus promote convection movements, in particular on the walls of tanks having a significant vertical component such as transverse cell walls.
• This mesh of continuous channels can generate thermosiphon phenomena in the primary thermal insulation barrier 5.
• One aspect of the invention starts from the idea of preventing these convection movements in the walls of the tank.
• FIG. 2 represents a partial perspective view of section II-II of FIG.
• filling blocks 16 of insulating gasket are inserted into one, some, or all the nodes 27 of the secondary sealing membrane 4. These filling blocks 16 are arranged in the nodes 27 on an inner face of the corrugated metal sheets 24 in order to be arranged between the membrane of the 4 and the primary thermal insulation barrier 5. In FIG. 2, such a filling block 16 is disposed in each node 27 of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
• Such a filling block 16 takes the form of a cross-shaped insulating block developing in the node 27 in which it is inserted and protruding in portions of the grooves 25, 26 forming said node 27.
• a block filling member 16 has a section of complementary shape to the shapes of the node 27 and portions of the grooves 25, 26 wherein said filler block 16 is inserted.
• the filling blocks 16 are inserted in the nodes 27 and the portions of the corrugations 25, 26 corresponding after the installation of the secondary sealing membrane 4 on the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 and previously at the installation of the primary insulating panels 6 on the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
• the filling block 16 can be made of any material that allows a pressure drop in the channels formed by the corrugations 25, 26.
• the filling blocks 16 can be made, for example, of foam, felt, wool or glass, wood or other.
• the filling blocks 16 are formed in a flexible foam allowing its compression.
• a flexible foam makes it possible to size the filling blocks 16 with dimensions slightly greater than the dimensions of the nodes 27 and portions of the corrugations 25, 26 in order to accommodate the filling blocks 16 in said nodes 27 and portions of the corrugations 25, 26 with a slight compression of said filler blocks 16 in order to fit more closely the shapes of the node 27.
• the filler blocks 16 are preferably made of open cell foam.
• open-cell foam makes it possible to limit the convection phenomenon by producing a pressure drop in the thermal movements within the channels formed by the corrugations 25, 26 while allowing the circulation of gas such as an inert gas within the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 as explained above for the padding 13.
• the filling blocks 16 form plugs limiting the length of the channels formed by the corrugations 25, 26.
• each undulation forms a plurality of discontinuous channels each formed by a section of said corrugation 25, 26 between two successive nodes 27 .
• Such channels limited to the sections of the corrugations 25, 26 located between two adjacent nodes 27 do not allow the creation of significant convection phenomenon and, in particular, prevents the creation of a thermosiphon phenomenon.
• filling blocks 16 are arranged in some nodes 27 only and not in all the nodes 27.
• such filling blocks 16 are arranged in all the nodes 27 adjacent to the edges. of corrugated metal sheet 24 forming said nodes 27.
• only one node out of two or three along a corrugation 25 and / or 26 is filled by a filling block 16.
• Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view from below of a primary insulating panel 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 according to an alternative embodiment of the first embodiment of the invention. Identical elements or those fulfilling the same function as those described above have the same reference numerals.
• the filling blocks 16 are formed by pads 20 arranged on an outer face of the outer plate 31 of the primary insulating panels 6, that is to say on the face external plates 31 opposite to the insulating polymer foam layer 29 of said panels 6.
• pads 20 are made of any suitable material such as the materials mentioned above for producing the filling block 16 in the form of a cross. In FIG. 3, these pads take the form of an open cell flexible foam block of cylindrical shape.
• pads 20 are fixed on the outer plate 31 by any suitable means, for example by gluing, stapling, double-sided tape or other. This step of fixing the studs 20 on the primary insulating panels 6 can thus advantageously be performed during the manufacture of said primary insulating panels 6, that is to say prior to the manufacture of the tank.
• FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the corrugations 25, 26 forming a mesh 21 of undulations 25, 26 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 under the primary thermal insulation barrier 5.
• the pads 20 are arranged on the outer plate 31 so as to be each located at a node 27 formed by the crossing of corrugations 25 and 26 of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
• this variant of the first embodiment does not require step of installing the filling blocks in the nodes 27, the pads being directly inserted in said nodes 27 during the positioning of the primary insulating panels 6 in the tank.
• Figure 3 illustrates four pads 20 each to be inserted into a respective node 27. However, similarly to the filler blocks 16 and as explained above, the number and arrangement of said pads 20 may be modified to fill all or only some of the nodes 27.
• Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of section II-II of Figure 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention. . Identical elements or those fulfilling the same function as those described above have the same reference numerals.
• This second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the sections of the corrugations 25, 26 located between two successive nodes 27 are also filled by a heat-insulating lining.
• the tank comprises filling bars 22 housed in the sections of the corrugations 25, 26 located outside the nodes 27.
• Such filling bars 22 may be made of materials such as those described above with respect to the filling blocks 16 in the form of a cross.
• the bars of 22 are made of a material allowing the circulation of inert gas in the corrugations 25, 26 while generating a pressure drop in thermal circulation flows within the corrugations 25, 26 avoiding the creation of thermosyphons by convection in said corrugations 25, 26.
• these filling bars 22 are dimensioned so as to preferably have a section of complementary shape to the sections of the corrugations 25, 26 to obstruct the channels formed by said corrugations 25, 26.
• These filling bars 22 can also have other shapes, for example a circular shape so as to be compressed by the outer plate 31 of the primary insulating panel 6 disposed above to occupy a large portion of the section of the corrugation 25, 26 corresponding, by at least 80% of said corrugation 25, 26.
• the filling bars 22 are made in the form of bars of 5 to 15 cm having a section corresponding to the complete section of the corrugation 25, 26 in which said bar is inserted.
• This rod is advantageously made of extruded polystyrene density of 8 to 30 kg / m 3.
• the bar has an over-height of 1 to 2/10 mm corresponding to a crushing of implementation and to a slight thermal contraction.
• the bar also has a tooth 49 of its profile so that the pressure loss it generates under increasing flow speeds is important but the pressure drop at low speed is limited so as not to completely obstruct the flow of gas in the corrugations 25, 26.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a sectional view of a corrugation 25 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 housed in a groove 14 of a secondary insulating panel 2 of the secondary thermally insulating barrier according to section III-III of FIG. an alternative embodiment of the second embodiment of the invention as described with reference to FIG. Identical elements or those fulfilling the same function as those described above have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the description below with reference to FIG. 6 for a corrugation 25 housed in a groove 14 applies by analogy to one or more other grooves 14 and / or 15.
• the groove 14 completely traverses the thickness of the inner plate 10 and opens out at the level of the insulating polymer foam layer 9.
• the groove 14 is dimensioned so as to provide a set of positioning of the corrugation 25 housed in said groove 14 when the corresponding corrugated metal sheet 24 is installed on the secondary insulation panel 2 comprising said groove 14. This clearance must also allow the relative movements between the corrugation and the walls of the groove 14 generated by the differences in contractions and dilations.
• the grooves 14, 15 form a mesh in the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 also forming a mesh channels that may be at the origin of such a convection thermosyphon phenomenon.
• the variant of the second embodiment differs from the variant described with reference to FIG. 4 in that it comprises, in addition to the filling blocks 16 in the nodes 27 and the filling bars 22 in the corrugations 25. , 26, a third filling block 23 disposed in the grooves 14, 15 of the inner plates 10 of the secondary insulating panels 2.
• this third filling block 23 is positioned in the grooves 14 in order to generate a pressure drop in the cold circulation in the mesh formed by the grooves 14, 15.
• This third filling block 23 is analogous the filling block 16 and the filling bar 22 and can be made of many materials.
• this padding is made of flexible foam with open cells so as not to prevent the flow of inert gas and / or the detection of leaks in the barrier
• This third filling block 23 is installed in the groove 14 prior to the installation of the corresponding corrugated metal sheet 24.
• this third filling block 23 is compressible and is compressed by the corrugation 25 of the corrugated metal sheet 24 to ensure its good distribution throughout the groove 14.
• this third filling block 23 highly deformable materials (Expanded Polystyrene very low density ( ⁇ 10kg / m A 3), melamine foam, soft polyurethane foam low density) which are crushed during the establishment of corrugated metal sheet 24
• the third filler block is made in the form of modular elements, made of resin or low density rigid polyurethane foam for example, which are deposited in the groove 14 just before the installation of the metal sheet. corrugated 24 whose corrugation must be housed in said groove 14.
• Figure 6 illustrates the use of the third filler block 23 at a corrugation 25 of the secondary metal sheet 24.
• the third filling block 23 can be used in a similar way to fill formed channels by said grooves made in the inner plate 31 of the primary insulating panels 6
• FIG. 7 represents a sectional view of a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall according to a third embodiment of the invention. Identical elements or those fulfilling the same function as those described above have the same reference numerals.
• This third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that the corrugations 25, 26 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 as well as the corrugations 40 of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 are reentrant corrugations, that is, that is, protruding into the tank.
• the grooves 14, 15 housing the undulations 25, 26 of the secondary sealing membrane 4 are formed in the outer plates 30 of the primary insulating panels 6.
• the filling block 16 and the filling bar 22 is arranged between the corrugated metal sheets 24 and the inner plates 10 of the secondary insulating panels 2.
• the third filling block 23 is housed in the grooves 14, 15 formed in the outer plates 30 of the insulating panels 6 between said primary insulating panels 6 and the corrugations 25, 26 of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
• the filling block 16 and the filler bar 22 can also be positioned under the corrugations 40 of the primary sealing membrane 7, between the said corrugations 40 and the inner plate 31 of the said insulating panels.
• Primary 6 An insulating lining 51 can also be positioned in wells made at the corners of the primary insulating panels 6 for accommodating the anchoring members 19.
• FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of the sealed and thermally insulating tank in which the primary waterproof membrane is not illustrated according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. Identical elements or those fulfilling the same function as those described above have the same reference numerals.
• the space 8 between two primary insulating panels 6 is illustrated by discontinuous lines 28.
• the spaces 8 between the primary insulating panels 6 thus constitute a mesh forming circulation channels allowing by convection the flow of cold to the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 and the formation of thermosiphon which are detrimental to the insulation of the tank wall, in particular because the primary waterproofing membrane 7 in contact with the LNG contained in the tank is carried said primary insulating panels 6.
• the invention according to the fourth embodiment provides the installation of anti-convection cover plates 34 arranged between the primary insulating panels 6 adjacent to the space 8 between said adjacent primary insulating panels.
• anti-convection plates 34 may be made of many materials.
• these anti-convection plates are made of non-porous or weakly porous continuous materials.
• the anti-convection cover plates 34 are, for example, films made of paper, cardboard or else synthetic, plastic or other films.
• Such anti-convection plates can be arranged at the right of all the spaces 8, as illustrated in FIG. 8, or of some of said spaces only 8. With reference to FIG. 9, the anti-convection cover plate 34 is developed along the primary insulating panels 6 at the space 8 between said primary insulating panels 6.
• An inner edge of the inner plate 31 of said primary insulating panels 6 comprises a countersink 35 in which is housed a corresponding edge 36 of the anti-convection cover plate 34 so that the anti-convection cover plate 34 is flush with the inner face of said inner plate 31.
• the anti-convection plate is made of waterproof material having a thickness of between 0.2 mm and 2 mm.
• This waterproof material is, for example, a plastic material (PEI, PVC, etc.), cardboard or thick plasticized paper. , a fibreboard or other.
• the anti-convection cover plate 34 has a width chosen so that the anti-convection plate rests in the countersink 35 on a minimum base, for example at least 10 mm, for any contraction of the inner plates 31 and said plate
• the anti-convection cover plate 34 is dimensioned so that its edges 36 are accommodated in countersinks 35 including when the tank is full of LNG.
• one of the edges 36 of the anti-convection plate may partially leave the countersink 35 to cover the inner plate 31 out of the counterbore
• edges 36 of the anti-convection cover plate 34 are stapled or glued to one of the two primary insulating panels 6 in the counterbore 35.
• the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprises a plurality of closure plates 38 making it possible to complete the bearing surface of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 at the level of wells enabling the bodies of anchors 19 of the primary thermally insulating barrier 5.
• the anti-convection cover plates 34 can be interrupted at said closures plates 38.
• the anti-convection cover plates 34 are joined to said closure plates 38 so as to limit the presence of passages between the primary waterproofing membrane 7 and the spaces 8.
• anti-convection cover 34 and the closing plates 38 are flush with the inner plates 31 of the primary insulating panels 6 to form a continuous planar surface for the primary sealing membrane 7.
• the anti-convection plates 34 at least partially cover the closing plates 38.
• the ends of the anti-convection cover plates 34 are for example housed in countersinks (not shown) provided in the plates of closure 38 so that the closure plates 38 and the anti-convection plates 34 are flush with the inner plates 31 of the primary insulating panels 6.
• the anti-convection plates 34 are continuous and completely cover the closure plates 38.
• the anti-convection cover plates 34 are flush with the inner plates 31 of the primary insulating panels 6.
• the anti-convection cover plates 34 are continuous and completely cover the closure plates 38.
• the anti-convection cover plates 34 are flush with the inner plates 31 of the primary insulating panels 6, including when passing over closure plates 38.
• the anti-convection plates 34 have an "L" shape, that is to say a same anti-convection cover plate 34 covers two contiguous edges of the inner plate 30 of the same primary insulating panel 6 and is therefore located in line with the spaces 8 formed by said primary insulating panel 6 and two adjacent primary insulating panels 6.
• the inner plates 31 of the primary insulating panels 6 thus accommodate two anti-convection cover plates in such a way that, step by step, the spaces 8 are all obstructed.
• the anti-convection cover plate 34 is folded up so that a central portion 41 of the anti-convection cover plate 34 connecting the two flanges 36 is housed in the space 8 separating the adjacent primary insulating panels 6.
• the second edge of the cover plate 34 could be supported along the side face of the second primary insulating panel 6 without emerging from the space 8.
• FIGS. 8 to 10 illustrate different variants of a fifth embodiment of the invention.
• This fifth embodiment differs from the fourth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 8 to 10 in that the anti-convection cover plate 34 is replaced by an anti-convection filler strip 37 housed in the space 8.
• the identical elements or fulfilling the same function as those described above have the same reference numerals.
• Such an anti-convection band is preferably compressible. This anti-convection band is inserted into the space 8 between the primary insulating panels 6 after the installation of said primary insulating panels 6 on the secondary waterproofing membrane 4. For this, the anti-convection band is compressed if necessary in its thickness to be inserted between the primary insulating panels 6, possibly in force.
• the anti-convection filler band 37 can be made in many ways.
• the anti-convection filler band 37 may be made of a porous material forcefully inserted into the space 8 so as to have a large prestressing enabling the modifications to be filled. 8.
• Such an anti-convection filler strip 37 made of porous material is particularly suitable for spaces 8 of large dimensions, for example between 10 mm and 100 mm.
• Such a porous material may for example be glass wool, ideally consisting of superimposed layers.
• the space 8 between two primary insulating panels 6 may be relatively narrow, typically of the order of 4 mm plus or minus 3 mm. Such a reduced space can not be reliably filled by the insertion of an insulating lining in very thin thickness unlike the gaps 12 between the secondary insulating panels 2. Indeed, the roughness of the primary insulating panels 6 could degrade such insulating gasket in very thin thickness when inserted. This roughness is, inter alia, related to the presence of glass fibers in the insulating foam layer 29 of the primary insulating panels 6.
• sheets of waterproof materials are incorporated between the glass wool layers, in order to divide the overall volume of the convective filler band 37 into distinct layers having only a modest thermal gradient and having sufficient strength to allow the insertion of the anti-convection filler band 37 without degradation in space 8.
• FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of the anti-convection filler band 37.
• the anti-convection filler band 37 has a multilayer structure comprising A compressible core 42.
• the anti-convection filler strip 37 comprises two sheets 43 each having a flange 44 housed in a respective counterbore 35 of the primary insulating panels. 6. This flange 44 is stapled in the counterbore 35 thus allowing said flanges 44 to remain in the countersinks 35 including when changing the dimensions of the space 8 between the primary insulating panels 6, for example during contraction related to the LNG insertion in the tank.
• Each sheet 43 develops in the space 8 between the primary insulating panels 6 along said primary insulating panels 6 from the counterbore 35 towards the secondary sealing membrane 4.
• the two sheets 43 are connected by the compressible core 42 housed in the space 8 between the primary insulating panels 6.
• the sheets 43 and the compressible core 42 are made of impervious material, for example a plastic material (PEI, PVC, etc.), cardboard, thick plasticized paper or the like. These sheets 43 and the compressible core 42 can thus be inserted along the primary insulating panels 6 without being degraded by the roughness of said panels 6, including in the case of a narrow space 8.
• the compressible core 42 of the anti-convection filler band 37 can be made in many ways.
• the compressible core 42 comprises a honeycomb structure consisting of a row of cells developing along each of the sheets 43 in the space 8 between the insulating panels. primary 6, each cell being fixed to said two sheets 43 in order to structurally bond said sheets 43.
• Other examples of compressible cores 42 are illustrated with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14.
• FIGS. 12 to 13 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the anti-convection filler band 37.
• This variant is different in that the sheets 43 of the anti-convection filler band 37 do not comprise a flange 44 and that the insulating panels primary 6 do not include countersinks 35.
• the anti-convection filler strip 37 is directly housed and develops in the space 8 between the primary insulating panels 6.
• the compressible core 42 is formed of a plurality of tubes 46 spacing the two sheets 43 and developing in the space 8 along the primary insulating panels 6.
• the compressible core 42 consists of a plurality of spacer 47 that develops between the two sheets 43 and delimits a plurality of cells of rectangular section 48 that develop in the space 8 along the primary insulating panels 6.
• FIG. 15 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the anti-convection filler band 37.
• This variant is different in that the anti-convection filler band 37 is not a multilayer structure but a simple corrugated sheet 45. corrugated sheet 45 separates the space 8 between the primary insulating panels 6 into a plurality of cells developing continuously along said panels 6.
• the outline shape of the primary insulating panels 6 and secondary insulating panels 2 described above is generally rectangular, but other shapes of contour are possible, in particular hexagonal shapes to cover flat walls or contour shapes adapted, possibly irregular , to cover special areas of the tank.
• a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
• the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealing membrane arranged between the primary waterproofing membrane and the double hull 72 of the vessel, and two insulating barriers respectively arranged between the primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary waterproofing membrane and between the secondary waterproofing membrane and the double shell 72.
• loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
• FIG. 16 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
• the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
• the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
• the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all the jigs of LNG.
• a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
• the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
• the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
• pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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