EP3670753B1 - Driving apparatus and method for driving piles - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a ramming device for ramming pile material into a ground, with a carrier device, a mast which is attached to the carrier device, a basic slide which can be moved and driven linearly along a guide of the mast, and an impact unit which is connected to the base slide is connected and guided along the mast, wherein the impact unit is designed to generate impact pulses for driving in the pile, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for ramming piling material into a ground, wherein a carrier device with a mast is provided, on which a base slide with a striking unit is moved along a guide of the mast, the striking unit generating impact pulses with which the piling material is driven is rammed into the ground, according to the preamble of claim 11.

Such ramming devices have long been known and are used, for example, for driving piles, steel girders or planks. These ramming devices have an impact unit, also called a hammer, which is used either hanging on a rope, riding freely or guided on a mast. In the latter case, the percussion unit is pulled up along the mast by means of a rope of a cable winch, the pile being introduced at a receptacle on the underside of the percussion unit. By operating the hammer, the pile is hammered or pressed into the ground. Depending on the resistance of the corresponding soil layer, the pile is driven into the soil by a certain amount.

Due to the changing strength of the soil, the depth of penetration can change with the individual pile-driving strokes.

When tracking the percussion unit by means of a rope, it is known to apply a certain residual tensile force to the rope holding the percussion unit in order to avoid a slack rope on the winch. Slack ropes lead to increased rope wear and can also cause the rope to jump out of the guide rollers. When applying a residual tensile force, however, there is fundamentally the problem that a residual tensile force that is too high or too rigid in terms of time means that the impact unit cannot be optimally tracked. This can reduce a penetration speed and the overall performance of the piling device. In addition, the rope can be exposed to increased forces and thus increased wear. When so-called telescopic leader devices are used, the percussion unit is not guided so that it can be moved by means of a cable winch, but rather with a so-called leader carriage. It is known to provide a guide carriage on the leader carriage for the striking unit which compensates for the travel path resulting during a striking pulse. In the meantime, the leader carriage has to be moved. Such an arrangement is complex in terms of control technology and also structurally. An elaborate construction at the upper end of a mast also significantly affects the stability of the entire device and the permissible load.

From the documents DE294008 and US3490548 piling devices and methods for ramming pile material into a ground according to the preambles of claims 1 and 11 are known. The invention has for its object to provide a piling apparatus and a method for driving piles into the ground, with which in a simple structure, an efficient driving operation can be achieved.

The object is achieved on the one hand by a ramming device with the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method with the features of claim 11. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The ramming device according to the invention is characterized in that the impact unit is connected to the base slide at a variable distance via a connecting rope which is held in a tensioned state by means of a tensioning device.

A basic idea of the invention is to provide a ramming device with a mast, along which a movable base slide is linearly guided. The percussion unit is not attached directly to the base slide, but is connected to the base slide at a distance from it via a connecting cable. The connecting rope allows a flexible, changing distance between the basic slide and the percussion unit during a ramming process. This flexible distance thus enables the impact unit to be moved efficiently and reliably with the pile-driven material in accordance with the travel path caused by an impact. In addition, the flexible cable connection prevents impact pulses from being noticeably transmitted to the base carriage and thus the mast and the carrier device, so that the overall construction is protected. This increases the overall life of the pile driver.

The impact unit is guided directly on the mast, preferably along the same linear guide that is provided for the basic slide. The storage of the impact unit directly on the mast also reduces the overall risk of the pile driver tipping over.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a tensioning device is provided, by means of which the connecting rope is kept in a tensioned state during the ramming process. This prevents slack rope from forming when the base slide approaches the percussion unit when following it during the ramming process, which rope could be damaged between the base slide and the percussion unit.

In principle, the tensioning direction can be designed in any way with corresponding flexible or elastic elements, for example with hydraulic tensioning pistons. According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the tensioning device has at least one tensioning spring. The at least one tension spring is preferably a tension spring. The use of a tension spring allows an overall cost-effective and compact structure.

According to a variant embodiment of the ramming device according to the invention, it is advantageous that the tensioning device has at least one rocker to which the connecting cable is attached and which is pivotable and spring-loaded is articulated to the basic slide. By means of a rotatable or pivotable rocker, the connecting rope can be moved transversely to the axial direction and thus laterally outwards when the striking unit and base slide approach. In this way, the connecting rope is protected from damage and a particularly good approach between the base slide and the striking unit guided along the mast is possible.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that a control unit is provided which controls a tracking of the basic slide to the impact unit when it is driven in. The control unit is designed in particular in such a way that the basic slide is tracked to the impact unit in such a way that a minimum distance between the basic slide and impact unit always remains during the entire ramming process and there is no direct contact. This avoids the transmission of unwanted vibrations to the base slide and the overall construction.

Furthermore, the control unit can be designed in such a way that the base slide and the impact unit are not so far apart when being hammered that the connecting cable is completely stretched. This protects the connecting rope and also prevents the transmission of unwanted vibrations to the base slide. A stretched connecting rope is only given if, after the ramming process has been completed, the basic slide is moved upwards again along the mast and the impact unit attached via the connecting rope is pulled along.

For efficient control it is provided in a development of the invention that at least one sensor is arranged on the clamping device for detecting a measured value, which represents a measure of the distance between the base slide and impact unit, and that the control unit adjusts depending on the at least one recorded measured value controls. If the specified upper and lower distance values between the basic slide and the impact unit are exceeded or not reached, the control unit can reliably track the distance.

The at least one sensor can be designed for direct or indirect measurement of the distance value. An advantageous embodiment is after a A further development of the invention is that a sensor is designed to detect an angular position of the rocker. An angular position on a rotatable machine part can be carried out in a simple and reliable manner. Since the dimensions of the rocker and the connecting cable attached to it are known, reliable information on the axial distance between the base slide and the impact unit can be determined in the control unit on the basis of the angular position.

Alternatively or in addition, it can be provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention that at least one sensor is designed to detect a distance and / or an approach. Such distance or proximity sensors can work optically, in particular with a laser, inductively, capacitively or with a resistance measurement, for example. A reliable distance value can thus also be determined in a relatively simple manner.

According to one embodiment variant of the invention, it is advantageous that the impact unit is designed as a hydraulic hammer unit or a diesel hammer unit. The percussion unit has at least one displaceable percussion piston arranged in a housing. In the case of a hydraulic hammer unit, the percussion piston is raised by hydraulic energy, while in the case of a diesel hammer unit, it is raised by a combustion or explosion process. With both hammer units, desired impact pulses can be achieved in a particularly robust manner.

In principle, the mast of the piling device can be designed in any way. It is particularly preferred that the mast is designed as a leader, in particular as a telescopic leader. In the case of a telescopic leader, the leader is designed in two parts, a mast part which can be moved thereon is arranged on a rigid mast part. On the movable mast part, the base slide and the striking unit can be mounted so as to be movable along a guide. A telescopic leader is advantageous because of the adjustability of the mast for bringing in particularly long pile material.

Another advantageous embodiment of the ramming device according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the carrier device has an undercarriage on which an uppercarriage with the mast is rotatably mounted. The undercarriage can in particular have a crawler track. The drives and a control station are preferably provided on the superstructure.

With regard to the method according to the invention, this is characterized in that the impact unit is connected to the base slide via a connecting rope at a distance that changes during a ramming process, the connecting rope being held in a tensioned state during a ramming process by means of a tensioning device.

The method can in particular be carried out with the previously described pile driving device. The advantages described above can be achieved with the method.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in that a method of the basic slide is controlled as a function of the ramming process. This enables particularly efficient ramming of the material to be driven into the ground.

It is particularly advantageous that a distance between the basic slide and impact unit is detected and that when an upper limit value is exceeded, the basic slide is adjusted and the distance is thus reduced to a setpoint value. Thus, if a certain distance is reached, the basic slide is reduced to a smaller target distance value by moving the basic slide accordingly. This avoids excessive stress on the connecting rope due to a tensile force when the connecting rope is fully extended. In addition, the basic slide is automatically adjusted without interrupting the ramming process. In the event of what is known as the pile-driven material falling through, for example when entering a larger cavity in the ground, the control unit can interrupt the pile-driving process or output a warning signal due to a sudden stretching of the connecting rope.

In a corresponding manner, a distance between the basic slide and the striking unit can be increased to a predetermined, larger setpoint distance if the value falls below a lower limit value, in order to avoid undesired direct contact between the basic slide and the striking unit.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Rammvorrichtung;

Fig. 2

eine vergrößerte Seitenansicht von Grundschlitten und Schlageinheit bei einem nach-oben-Fahren;

Fig. 3

eine Seitenansicht der Anordnung von Fig. 2 zu Beginn eines Rammvorganges;

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht der Anordnung von Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 in einer ersten Phase beim Rammen;

Fig. 5

eine Seitenansicht der Anordnung von Fig. 4 in einer zweiten Phase beim Rammen; und

Fig. 6

eine Vorderansicht der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 3.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments which are shown schematically in the drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a ramming device according to the invention;

Fig. 2

an enlarged side view of the base slide and impact unit when driving up;

Fig. 3

a side view of the arrangement of Fig. 2 at the beginning of a pile-driving process;

Fig. 4

a side view of the arrangement of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 in a first phase when ramming;

Fig. 5

a side view of the arrangement of Fig. 4 in a second phase when ramming; and

Fig. 6

a front view of the arrangement according to Fig. 3 .

A ramming device 10 according to the invention is exemplified in FIG Fig. 1 shown, wherein the piling device 10 has a carrier device 12 with an undercarriage 14, which is designed as a crawler track, and an uppercarriage 16 rotatably mounted thereon with an operating station 18. A mast 23 in the form of a telescopic leader with a rigid leader element 20 is attached essentially vertically to the superstructure 16 via an adjustment mechanism 19, which is known in principle. The adjustment mechanism 19 allows both pivoting movements of the mast 23 from the vertical as well as movement movements of the mast 23 in the longitudinal direction of the superstructure and in a vertical direction. On the rigid leader element 20, a movable leader element 21 is provided as a further component, which is movably and adjustably guided along the rigid leader element 20.

On a front side of the movable leader element 21, a linear guide 22 is formed, along which a base slide 30, also called a leader slide, is movably mounted. The basic slide 30 is via a rope, not shown, which is guided via a roller attached to the movable broker element 21, also not shown, connected to the rigid broker element 20. If the movable leader element 21 is raised by means of a telescopic cylinder (not shown), the base slide 30 also moves upwards.

Furthermore, a block-like striking unit 40 is guided displaceably along the guide 22 of the leader element 21. Via a frame-like adapter device 42 on the upper region of the striking unit 40, this can be connected to the basic slide 30 via a connecting cable 36. Between the percussion unit 40 and the basic slide 30, only a connecting cable 36 is provided as a transmission element for vertical forces, which is advantageous when ramming in the pile 5 by means of the percussion unit 40. In Fig. 1 A pile-shaped element with a rectangular cross-section is provided as the pile-up 5, which is received and held in a receptacle (not shown in detail) at the lower end of the striking unit 40.

In the detailed view of Fig. 2 is the connection between the basic slide 30 and the impact unit 40 of the ramming device 10 of Fig. 1 Shown in more detail in the state in which the percussion unit 40 is moved upwards along the guide 22 of the leader element 21 with the base slide 30 via a lifting cable (not shown) by moving the adjustable leader element 21.

In this state according to Fig. 2 the basic slide 30 and the striking unit 40 are at a maximum distance from one another, the connecting rope 36 articulated to the frame-like adapter device 42 of the striking unit 40 being tensioned and fully stretched. An upper end of the connecting rope 36 is attached in an articulated manner to a rod-shaped rocker 52 which is also articulated on the coupling device 32 of the basic slide 30. The rocker 52 is part of a tensioning device 50 which has tension springs 54 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, are designed as tension springs.

When the basic slide 30 with the striking unit 40 has arrived at an upper end region of the guide 22, an upper end of the pile-like pile-driven material 5 can be received and held in a receptacle 44 of the striking unit 40. For this purpose, the striking unit 40 with the base slide 30 can be achieved by lowering the adjustable Mäklerlementes 21 are driven down. In this state there is still a distance A between the basic slide 30 and the percussion unit 40. This distance A is smaller than the length of the connecting rope 36 and the rocker 52. To avoid slack rope which could be damaged between the percussion unit 40 and the basic slide 30 , the connecting rope 36 is held in a tensioned state via the tensioning device 50. For this purpose, the tension springs 54 pull the pivotably mounted rocker 52 laterally upwards, so that the connecting cable 36 is tensioned, as if off Fig. 3 emerges.

In a first stop position of the base slide 30, which is shown in Fig. 4 is shown, an impact pulse can now be exerted on the pile 5 by an impact piston within the impact unit 40. It is important that the percussion unit 40 can follow the pile 5 when the pile 5 penetrates the ground, while the percussion unit 40 is still reliably connected to the base slide 30 without vibrations being transmitted.

This necessary flexibility in the connection between the basic slide 30 and the percussion unit 40 is brought about by the connecting rope 36 in combination with the tensioning device 50, as clearly shown in FIGS Figures 4 and 5 emerges. Figures 4 and 5 show the displacement of the impact unit 40 with the pile 5 during a piling process corresponding to the penetration of the pile 5 into the ground. In particular, it can be seen that a distance between the basic slide 30 and the striking unit 40 increases during this actual ramming process, the increasing distance being compensated for by changing the angular position of the rocker 52 of the clamping device 50. In all angular positions of the rocker arm 52, the tension spring 54, which is arranged between the upper end of the rocker arm 52 and the base slide 30, ensures that the connecting rope 36 is sufficiently tensioned so that slack rope is avoided.

To avoid overstretching of the rocker arm 52 and the connecting cable 36, in which the rocker arm 52 and the connecting cable 36 are in the same direction along the mast 20 during ramming, due to too great a distance between the basic slide 30 and the percussion unit 40, a sensor 60 is located on the base slide 30 for detecting an angular position of the rocker arm 52, a proximity sensor 62a and a distance sensor 62b, which are designed to determine a distance between the basic slide 30 and the striking unit 40. The measured values recorded in each case are forwarded to a control unit which controls the tracking of the base slide 30 to the impact unit 40. This can be done by appropriate control pulses to the control of the telescopic cylinder, which moves the adjustable leader element. The control unit as a whole is also designed to indirectly determine the distance between the base slide 30 and impact unit 40 on the basis of the angle measurement with respect to the rocker 52 and taking into account the geometric relationships. In this way, overstretching of the connecting rope 36 can be avoided. This protects the connecting rope 36 and prevents excessive vibrations from being transmitted to the base slide 30.

Such tracking of the basic slide 30 to the striking unit 40 is shown in FIG Fig. 6 made clear. By tracking the basic slide 30, a distance can be reduced to a nominal distance A1 from the impact unit 40. At this nominal distance A1, a further impact pulse can then be carried out by the impact unit 40. After the piling material 5 has reached a desired final depth in the ground, the basic slide 30 with the attached striking unit 40 can then according to the state of Fig. 2 be pulled up again to pick up a new pile 5.

Claims (13)

1. Pile-driving device for driving-in driving material (5) into a ground, having

   - a carrier implement (12),

   - a mast (23) which is attached to the carrier implement (12),

   - a base sledge (30) which is linearly displaceable and driven along a guide (22) of the mast (23) and

   - an impact unit (40) which is connected to the base sledge (30) and guided along the mast (23), wherein the impact unit (40) is designed for generating impact pulses for driving in the driving material (5),

   characterized in that

   - the impact unit (40) is connected to the base sledge (30) at a changeable distance via a connecting rope (36) which is kept in a tensioned state by means of a tensioning means (50).
2. Pile-driving device according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the tensioning means (50) has at least one tension spring (54).
3. Pile-driving device according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   the tensioning means (50) has at least one rocker (52), onto which the connecting rope (36) is attached and which is linked in a pivotable and spring-tensioned manner to the base sledge (30).
4. Pile-driving device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that
   a control unit is provided which controls a tracking of the base sledge (30) towards the impact unit (40) during driving-in.
5. Pile-driving device according to claim 4,
   characterized in that
   on the tensioning means (50) at least one sensor (60) is arranged for detecting a measurement value that represents a measure of the distance between base sledge (30) and impact unit (40), and
   in that the control unit controls a tracking depending on the at least one measurement value detected.
6. Pile-driving device according to claim 5,
   characterized in that
   one sensor (60) is designed for detecting an angular position of the rocker (52).
7. Pile-driving device according to claim 4 or 5,
   characterized in that
   at least one sensor (62) is designed for detecting a distance and/or an approach.
8. Pile-driving device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that
   the impact unit (40) is designed as a hydraulic hammer unit or a diesel hammer unit.
9. Pile-driving device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the mast (23) is designed as a leader, in particular as a telescopic leader.
10. Pile-driving device according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the carrier implement (12) has an undercarriage (14), on which an upper carriage (16) with the mast (23) is supported in a rotatable manner.
11. Method for driving-in driving material (5) into a ground, in particular with a pile-driving device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a carrier implement (12) with a mast (23) is provided, on which a base sledge (30) with an impact unit (40) is displaced along a guide (22) of the mast (23), wherein by means of the impact unit (40) impact pulses are generated, with which the driving material (5) is driven into the ground,
    characterized in that
    the impact unit (40) is connected to the base sledge (30) via a connecting rope (36) at a distance which changes during a pile-driving process, wherein by means of a tensioning means (50) the connecting rope (36) is kept in a tensioned state in a pile-driving process.
12. Method according to claim 11,
    characterized in that
    a displacement of the base sledge (30) is controlled depending on the pile-driving process.
13. Method according to claim 12,
    characterized in that
    a distance between base sledge (30) and impact unit (40) is detected and
    in that when an upper limit value is exceeded the base sledge (30) is tracked and thus the distance is reduced to a target value.

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