CN111350182B - Pile driving device and method for driving pile driving material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a piling device and a method for driving a piling material into the ground, wherein a vehicle having a mast is provided, on which vehicle a base carriage having an impact unit is displaced along a guide of the mast, wherein an impact pulse is generated by means of the impact unit, with which the piling material is driven into the ground. According to the invention, provision is made that the percussion unit is connected to the base carriage via a connecting rope at a distance that varies during the piling process, wherein the connecting rope is held in tension during the piling by means of a tensioning device.

Description

Pile driving device and method for driving pile driving material

Technical Field

The invention relates to a piling device for driving a piling material into the ground, having a vehicle, a mast attached to the vehicle, a base carriage which is linearly displaceable and driven along a guide of the mast, and an impact unit which is connected to the base carriage and guided along the mast, wherein the impact unit is designed for generating impact pulses for driving the piling material.

The invention also relates to a method for driving pile driving material into the ground, wherein a vehicle having a mast is provided, on which mast a base carriage having an impact unit is displaced along a guide of the mast, wherein by means of the impact unit an impact pulse is generated, with which the pile driving material is driven into the ground.

Background

Pile driving devices of this type have been known for a long time and are used, for example, for driving piles, steel beams or plates. These pile driving devices have a percussion unit (also called a hammer) which is used suspended on a rope in the manner of a "free-ride" or is used guided on a mast. In the latter case, the percussion unit is pulled up along the mast using the rope of the rope winch, wherein the pile driving material is inserted at a receiving portion on the underside of the percussion unit. By actuating the hammer, the piling material is driven or pressed into the soil by impact. The pile driving material is introduced into the ground in a specific amount depending on the resistance of the relevant formation. The penetration depth will vary from one drive stroke to the next due to the different ground strengths.

When following the percussion unit by means of a rope, it is known to keep a certain residual tension exerted on the rope of the percussion unit in order to avoid slackening of the rope on the winch. Slack ropes cause increased rope wear and, in addition, can have the effect of the ropes slipping off the guide pulleys. However, when applying a residual tensile force, there is a fundamental problem in that a residual tensile force that is too high or inflexible in terms of time has the effect that the percussion unit cannot be optimally tracked. This reduces the penetration speed and overall performance of the piling device. Furthermore, the ropes are subjected to increased forces and thus greater wear.

When using a so-called telescopic guide, the percussion unit is guided displaceably not by means of a rope winch but by a so-called guide carriage. In this case, it is known to provide the impact unit with a guide carriage on the guide bar carriage that compensates for the displacement distance that occurs during the impact pulse. During this process, the guide bar carriage must be tracked simultaneously. Such a device is complicated from the viewpoint of control engineering as well as structure. Furthermore, the complex structure at the upper end of the mast significantly affects the structural stability of the entire plant and the tolerable loads.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is based on the object of providing a piling device and a method for driving a piling material into the ground, with which a highly efficient piling process can be achieved by using a simple structure.

This object is achieved on the one hand by a pile driving device having the following features: a piling device for driving a piling material into the ground, having-a vehicle, -a mast attached to the vehicle, -a base carriage which is linearly displaceable and driven along a guide of the mast, and-a percussion unit connected to the base carriage and guided along the mast, wherein the percussion unit is designed for generating percussion pulses for driving the piling material, characterized in that-the percussion unit is connected to the base carriage at a variable distance via a connecting rope which is held in tension by means of a tensioning device, and on the other hand is realized by a method having the following features: method for driving pile driving material into the ground, wherein a vehicle with a mast is provided, on which vehicle a base carriage with an impact unit is displaced along a guide of the mast, wherein an impact pulse is generated by means of the impact unit, with which the pile driving material is driven into the ground,

characterized in that the percussion unit is connected to the base carriage via a connecting rope at a distance that varies during the piling process, wherein the connecting rope is kept in tension during the piling process by means of a tensioning device.

The piling device according to the invention is characterized in that the impact unit is connected to the base carriage at a variable distance via a connecting rope, which is held in tension by means of a tensioning device.

The basic idea of the invention lies in the fact that: a piling device is provided having a mast along which a displaceable base carriage is guided in a linear manner. The impact unit is not mounted directly on the base carriage, but is spaced apart therefrom and connected to the base carriage via a connecting cable. The connecting rope allows the distance between the base carriage and the percussion unit to be flexibly changed during the piling process. The flexible distance thus allows an efficient and reliable displacement of the impact unit with the pile driving material according to the displacement distance caused by the blow. Furthermore, the flexible rope connection prevents the shock pulses to a significant extent from being transmitted to the base carriage and thus to the mast and the vehicle, thereby maintaining the entire structure intact. This increases the overall life of the piling device.

The percussion unit is guided directly on the mast, preferably along the same linear guide provided for the base carriage. The direct support of the impact unit on the mast also reduces the risk of the pile driving device as a whole tilting.

According to another aspect of the invention, a tensioning device is provided, by means of which the connecting rope is kept in tension during the piling process. This prevents the formation of slack ropes, which may be damaged between the base carriage and the percussion unit, for example when the base carriage approaches the percussion unit during tracking in the piling process.

Basically, the tensioning device can be designed in any selected manner with a corresponding flexible or elastic element, for example with a hydraulic tensioning piston. According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the tensioning device has at least one tension spring. Preferably, the at least one tension spring is a tension spring. The use of a tension spring allows for an overall cost-effective and compact structure.

According to one embodiment variant of the piling device according to the invention, it is advantageous if the tensioning device has at least one rocker to which the connecting cable is attached and which is pivotably and spring-tensioned linked to the base carriage. The rotatable or pivotable rocker makes it possible for the connecting cable to be moved transversely to the axial direction and thus laterally outwards when the impact unit and the base slide approach. The connecting cable is thus protected against damage and particularly good access between the base carriage and the percussion unit guided along the mast is made possible.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that: a control unit is provided which controls the tracking of the base carriage towards the impact unit during driving. In particular, the control unit is designed such that the base carriage is tracked towards the percussion unit in such a way that the minimum distance between the base carriage and the percussion unit remains constant at all times during the entire piling process and there is no direct contact. Thus, undesired vibrations are avoided to be transmitted to the base carriage and the entire structure.

Furthermore, the control unit can be designed such that during the impact drive the base carriage and the impact unit are not separated from each other such that the connecting rope is fully stretched. This maintains the connecting cords intact and also prevents undesired vibrations from being transmitted to the base carriage. Only when the piling process is completed, the base carriage is displaced upwards again along the mast and the impact units suspended via the connecting ropes are pulled together, there being a tensile connecting rope.

For efficient control, provision is made in a further development of the invention for at least one sensor to be arranged on the tensioning device for detecting a measure representing the distance between the base carriage and the impact unit, and for the control unit to control the tracking as a function of the at least one detected measurement value. The control unit may perform a safe tracking if predetermined upper and lower distance values between the base carriage and the impact unit are exceeded or not met.

The at least one sensor may be designed for directly or indirectly measuring a distance value. According to a further development of the invention, an advantageous embodiment consists in the fact that: one sensor is designed to detect the angular position of the rocker. The angular position on the rotatable machine part can be achieved in a simple and reliable manner. Since the dimensions of the rocker and the connecting cable attached thereto are known, reliable information about the axial distance between the base carriage and the impact unit can be determined in the control unit on the basis of the angular position.

Alternatively or additionally, according to a preferred embodiment variant of the invention, provision may be made for at least one sensor to be designed for detecting a distance and/or an approach. Such distance or proximity sensors can be operated, for example, optically (in particular by laser light), inductively, capacitively or by resistance measurement. In this way, reliable distance values can also be determined relatively easily.

According to an embodiment variant of the invention, the percussion unit is advantageously designed as a hydraulic hammer unit or as a diesel hammer unit. The percussion unit has at least one displaceable percussion piston arranged in a housing. In hydraulic hammer units, the lifting of the percussion piston is performed by hydraulic energy, whereas in diesel hammer units the lifting is performed by a combustion or explosion process. With two hammer units, the desired impact pulse can be achieved in a particularly robust manner.

Basically, the mast of the pile driving device can be of any chosen design. It is particularly preferred that the mast is designed as a guide rod, in particular as a telescopic guide rod. In the case of a telescopic guide, the guide is of two-part design, wherein arranged on the fixed mast part is a mast part displaceable thereon. On the displaceable mast part, the base carriage and the percussion unit can be supported displaceably along the guide. The telescopic guide facilitates the introduction of particularly long pile driving materials due to the adjustability of the mast.

A further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention can be seen from the fact that the vehicle has a chassis on which an upper carriage with a mast is rotatably supported. In particular, the undercarriage may have a crawler track. On the upper carriage, a drive means and an operating platform are preferably provided.

With regard to the method according to the invention it is characterized in that the percussion unit is connected to the base carriage via a connecting rope at a distance that varies during the piling process, wherein the connecting rope is kept in tension by means of a tensioning device during the piling process.

The method may in particular be performed using the previously described piling device. By this method the advantages set forth above are obtained.

A preferred embodiment variant of the method according to the invention consists in the fact that: the displacement of the base carriage is controlled in accordance with the piling process. Thus, it is possible to achieve particularly efficient driving of the piling material into the ground.

In this respect, it is particularly advantageous to detect the distance between the base carriage and the impact unit and, when an upper limit value is exceeded, to track the base carriage and thereby reduce the distance to a target value. Thus, if a certain distance value is reached, the base carriage is reduced to a smaller target distance value by a corresponding displacement of the base carriage. This prevents excessive strain of the connecting rope caused by tension when the connecting rope is fully stretched. Furthermore, automatic tracking of the base carriage is performed without interrupting the piling process. In case of so-called slipping of the pile driving material, for example into a large cavity in the ground, the control unit interrupts the pile driving process or gives a warning signal due to sudden stretching of the connecting rope.

Thus, when the lower limit value is not met, the distance between the base carriage and the impact unit may be increased to a predetermined larger target distance in order to avoid an undesired direct contact between the base carriage and the impact unit.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained below by means of preferred embodiments which are schematically illustrated in the drawings, in which:

figure 1 is a perspective view of a piling device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view of the base carriage and impact unit during upward movement;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the apparatus of FIG. 2 at the beginning of the piling process;

figure 4 is a side view of the arrangement of figures 2 and 3 in a first stage during pile driving;

FIG. 5 is a side view of the apparatus of FIG. 4 in a second stage during pile driving; and

fig. 6 is a front view of the device according to fig. 3.

Detailed Description

By way of example in fig. 1, a pile driving device 10 according to the invention is shown, the pile driving device 10 having a vehicle 12 and an upper carriage 16 rotatably supported thereon with an operating platform 18, the vehicle 12 having an undercarriage 14 designed as a crawler-type running gear. Via a commonly known adjusting mechanism 19, a mast 23 in the form of a telescopic guide is attached to the upper carriage 16 in a substantially vertical manner by a fixed guide element 20. The adjustment mechanism 19 allows pivotal movement of the mast 23 starting from the vertical direction and displacement movement of the mast 23 in the longitudinal direction of the upper carriage as well as in the vertical direction. On the fixed guide bar element 20, a movable guide bar element 21 is provided as a further component, which is guided along the fixed guide bar element 20 in a displaceable and adjustable manner.

On the front side of the movable guide element 21, a linear guide 22 is designed, along which a base carriage 30 (also referred to as guide carriage) is displaceably supported. The base carriage 30 is connected to the fixed guide bar element 20 via a not depicted rope which is guided over a pulley, also not depicted and mounted on the movable guide bar element 21. When the movable guide bar element 21 is raised by means of a telescopic cylinder, not depicted, the base carriage 30 is also moved upwards.

Furthermore, the block-shaped impact unit 40 is guided in a movable manner along the guide 22 of the movable guide bar element 21. By means of a frame-like adapter device 42 in the upper region of the striking unit 40, it can be connected to the base carriage 30 via a connecting cable 36. Between the impact unit 40 and the base carriage 30, the connecting cable 36 is provided only as a transmission element for vertical forces, which proves advantageous for driving the piling material 5 by means of the impact unit 40. In fig. 1, a pile-shaped element with a rectangular cross-section is provided as pile driving material 5, which is received and held in a receiving portion at the lower end of the impact unit 40 (the receiving portion is not depicted in more detail).

In the detailed view of fig. 2, the connection between the base carriage 30 and the percussion unit 40 of the piling device 10 of fig. 1 is shown in more detail, in a state in which: wherein the percussion unit 40 is displaced in upward direction along the guide 22 of the guide bar element 21 via a not depicted lifting cord with displacement of the base carriage 30 by the adjustable guide bar element 21.

In this state according to fig. 2, the base carriage 30 and the percussion unit 40 are spaced apart from each other by the maximum distance, wherein the connection cord 36 of the frame-like adapter means 42, which is attached in an articulated manner to the percussion unit 40, is tensioned and fully stretched. The upper end of the connecting rope 36 is hingedly attached to a rod-shaped rocker 52, which is also hingedly supported on the coupling means 32 of the base carriage 30. The rocker 52 is part of a tensioning device 50 with a tension spring 54, which in the embodiment shown is designed as a tension spring.

When the base carriage 30 together with the impact unit 40 has reached the upper end area of the guide 22, the upper end of the pile driving material 5 can be received and held in the receiving portion 44 of the impact unit 40. For this purpose, the striking unit 40 can be moved in a downward direction with the base carriage 30 by lowering the adjustable guide bar element 21. In this state, the distance a is still maintained between the base carriage 30 and the striking unit 40. The distance a is less than the length of the connecting cable 36 and rocker 52. In order to avoid the occurrence of slack ropes between the striking unit 40 and the base carriage 30, which may be damaged, the connecting ropes 36 are kept under tension by the tensioning device 50. To this end, the tension spring 54 pulls the pivotably supported rocker 52 laterally upwards, so that the connecting cable 36 is tensioned, as can be seen from fig. 3.

In the first stop position of the base carriage 30 shown in fig. 4, an impact pulse can now be applied to the piling material 5 by means of the impact piston in the impact unit 40. In this connection it is important that the impact unit 40 can follow the pile driving material 5 when said pile driving material 5 penetrates into the ground, while the impact unit 40 is still reliably connected to the base carriage 30 without transmitting vibrations.

As can be seen from the illustration of fig. 4 and 5, this necessary flexibility of the connection between the base carriage 30 and the percussion unit 40 is achieved by the connecting cable 36 in combination with the tensioning device 50. Fig. 4 and 5 show the movement of the impact unit 40 with the piling material 5 during the piling process, according to the penetration of the piling material 5 into the ground. In particular, it can be seen that during the actual piling process, the distance between the base carriage 30 and the impact unit 40 increases, in which case the increased distance is compensated for by the change in the angular position of the rocker 52 of the tensioning device 50. In all angular positions of the rocker 52, a tension spring 54 arranged between the upper end of the rocker 52 and the base carriage 30 ensures sufficient tension of the connecting rope 36, preventing slackening of the rope.

In order to avoid excessive stretching of the rocker 52 and the connecting rope 36, wherein the rocker 52 and the connecting rope 36 are arranged in the same direction of the longitudinal direction of the mast 23 during piling due to an excessive distance between the base carriage 30 and the percussion unit 40, and a sensor 60 for detecting the angular position of the rocker 52, a proximity sensor 62a and a distance sensor 62b are arranged on the base carriage 30, which are designed for determining the distance between the base carriage 30 and the percussion unit 40. The measured values detected in each case are passed to a control unit which controls the tracking of the base carriage 30 towards the percussion unit 40. This may be achieved by appropriate control pulses to control the telescopic cylinder which moves the adjustable guide bar element. The control unit as a whole is also designed to indirectly determine the distance between the base carriage 30 and the impact unit 40 based on an angular measurement of the rocker 52 and taking into account geometrical relationships. In this way, excessive stretching of the connecting cord 36 can be avoided. This maintains the connecting cables 36 intact and prevents excessive vibration from being transmitted to the base carriage 30.

This tracking of the base carriage 30 towards the percussion unit 40 is illustrated in the depiction according to fig. 6. By tracking the base carriage 30, the distance to the impact unit 40 may be reduced to the target distance a 1. At this target distance a1, further impact pulses may be performed by the impact unit 40. After the pile driving material 5 has reached the desired final depth in the ground, the base carriage 30 with the suspended impact unit 40 can be pulled upwards again according to the state of fig. 2 in order to receive new pile driving material 5.

Claims (15)

1. A piling device for driving a piling material (5) into the ground has

-a vehicle (12),

a mast (23) attached to the vehicle (12),

-a base carriage (30) which is linearly displaceable and driven along a guide (22) of the mast (23), and

-an impact unit (40) connected to the base carriage (30) and guided along the mast (23), wherein the impact unit (40) is designed for generating impact pulses for driving into the pile driving material (5),

it is characterized in that

-the percussion unit (40) is connected to the base carriage (30) at a variable distance via a connecting rope (36) which is held in tension by means of a tensioning device (50).

2. Piling device according to claim 1,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the tensioning device (50) has at least one tension spring (54).

3. Piling device according to claim 1 or 2,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the tensioning device (50) has at least one rocker (52) to which the connecting cable (36) is attached and which is pivotably and spring-tensioned linked to the base carriage (30).

4. Piling device according to claim 3,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a control unit is provided which controls the tracking of the base carriage (30) towards the impact unit (40) during driving.

5. Pile driving arrangement according to claim 4,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

at least one sensor (60) for detecting a measurement value representing a measure of a distance between the base carriage (30) and the impact unit (40) is arranged on the tensioning device (50) and in that,

the control unit controls the tracking in dependence on the detected at least one measurement value.

6. Pile driving arrangement according to claim 5,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a sensor (60) is designed to detect the angular position of the rocker (52).

7. Piling device according to claim 4 or 5,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

at least one sensor for detecting a distance and/or an approach is arranged on the tensioning device (50).

8. Piling device according to claim 1 or 2,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the percussion unit (40) is designed as a hydraulic or diesel hammer unit.

9. Piling device according to claim 1 or 2,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the mast (23) is designed as a guide rod.

10. Piling device according to claim 9,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the guide rod is a telescopic guide rod.

11. Piling device according to claim 1 or 2,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the vehicle (12) has a chassis (14) on which an upper carriage (16) with the mast (23) is rotatably supported.

12. Method for driving pile driving material (5) into the ground, wherein a vehicle (12) with a mast (23) is provided, on which vehicle a base carriage (30) with an impact unit (40) is displaced along a guide (22) of the mast (23), wherein an impact pulse is generated by means of the impact unit (40), with which impact pulse the pile driving material (5) is driven into the ground,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the percussion unit (40) is connected to the base carriage (30) via a connecting rope (36) at a distance that varies during the piling process, wherein the connecting rope (36) is held in tension during the piling process by means of a tensioning device (50).

13. The method of claim 12,

controlling the displacement of the base carriage (30) in dependence of the piling process.

14. The method of claim 13,

detecting a distance between the base carriage (30) and the impact unit (40), and in that,

when the upper limit value is exceeded, the base carriage (30) is tracked and the distance is reduced accordingly to a target value.

15. Method for driving a piling material (5) into the ground with a piling device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a vehicle (12) with a mast (23) is provided, on which vehicle a base carriage (30) with an impact unit (40) is displaced along a guide (22) of the mast (23), wherein an impact pulse is generated by means of the impact unit (40), with which impact pulse the piling material (5) is driven into the ground,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the percussion unit (40) is connected to the base carriage (30) via a connecting rope (36) at a distance that varies during the piling process, wherein the connecting rope (36) is held in tension during the piling process by means of a tensioning device (50).

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