EP3658506A1 - Verfahren zur erhöhung der mechanischen stabilität von kaliumchlorid-kompaktaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erhöhung der mechanischen stabilität von kaliumchlorid-kompaktatenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3658506A1 EP3658506A1 EP18759544.2A EP18759544A EP3658506A1 EP 3658506 A1 EP3658506 A1 EP 3658506A1 EP 18759544 A EP18759544 A EP 18759544A EP 3658506 A1 EP3658506 A1 EP 3658506A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- potassium chloride
- water
- compactate
- freshly prepared
- kompaktats
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/22—Preparation in the form of granules, pieces, or other shaped products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/04—Chlorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for increasing the mechanical stability of potassium chloride compactates, in particular of coarse-grained compactates, in which at least 80% by weight of the particles of the compactate have a particle size of at least 5 mm.
- Potassium chloride is a versatile raw material of the chemical industry and is also used as an aid in numerous technical processes.
- potassium chloride is used, for example, for the production of potash fertilizers, as a raw material for the production of industrially used potassium compounds such as potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate or potassium alloys such as NaK, as electrolyte in melt flow electrolyses or as conductive salt in electroplating.
- Potassium chloride is usually obtained in underground mines by conventional mining, by solution mining or by solar evaporation of saline waters. When it is obtained, potassium chloride precipitates in a comparatively finely divided form.
- the particle size of such a product eg a product from the hot-dissolving process, is typically below 2 mm (d 90 value, determined by sieve analysis, ie 90% by weight of the particles have a particle size below 2 mm).
- Potassium chloride is often marketed in coarse-particled form, eg in the form of granules or in the form of compactates, since these have advantageous handling properties.
- coarse potassium chloride tends to dust formation to a much lesser extent compared to finely divided potassium chloride, is more stable in storage and less prone to caking.
- Coarse potassium chloride is obtained, for example, by press agglomeration, i. made by compacting or pressing, of finely divided potassium chloride and therefore often referred to as Kompaktat.
- the particles of a compactate have an irregular shape.
- compacts are more coarsely divided and often have particle sizes of at least 5 mm (throughput 5 mm ⁇ 20% by weight, determined by sieve analysis).
- Potassium chloride compactates are relatively unstable to mechanical stress.
- mechanical forces act for example when storing or removing the granulate in silos or beds, or when transferring the granules, a strong grain destruction takes place, resulting in an increase in the proportion of potassium chloride particles with particle sizes below 5 mm and the significant formation of potassium chloride particles with a size of less than 2 mm.
- the formation of small particles is problematic because they increase the tendency of the potassium chloride compactates to cake and possibly complicate the handling by dusting. These problems occur especially in potassium chloride compactates with a high content of potassium chloride.
- binders It is generally known to improve the mechanical strength of potassium chloride compactates by adding strengthening additives, so-called binders.
- Typical binders are gelatin, starch, molasses, lignosulfonates, phosphates, metasilicates, lime and clay minerals.
- the choice of binder will usually significantly affect the properties of Kompaktats, in particular its mechanical strength (abrasion, hardness), its hygroscopic properties and its tendency to dust.
- a disadvantage proves that such binders increase the cost of producing the compacts.
- the binders can limit the possible uses of the compactate.
- organic binders may be particularly disadvantageous if the compactates are used in electrolysis, e.g. used in the production of potassium hydroxide.
- TOC values of less than 10 ppm, in particular not more than 5 ppm, are generally required.
- the inorganic binders can also be problematic for the performance characteristics of the compactate.
- DD 136956 For improving the grain stability of potash fertilizer granules, this dust first in a fluidized bed, the dusted granules with 0.5 to 2 wt .-%, in particular with 1 wt .-% water to wet and then to humidify the wetted granules to a residual water content of preferably 0.1 to 0.2% by weight.
- the granules used in DD 136956 have particle sizes between 1 to 4 mm and are therefore less sensitive compared to compact data compared to a grain destruction by mechanical stress.
- the granules thus treated with a Mineral oil treated as a dust binder. Therefore, these granules are no longer suitable for most applications in chemical processes.
- an improvement should be achieved for coarse-grained compactates having a potassium chloride content of at least 98% by weight, based on the non-water components of the compactate.
- the mechanical stability of potassium chloride compactates can be improved by a process in which water is added to the surface of the freshly prepared, still warm potassium chloride compactate in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.4% by weight. %, in particular in an amount of 0.25 to 0.35 wt .-%, based on the mass of the freshly prepared potassium chloride Kompaktats applies.
- the invention relates to a method for increasing the mechanical stability of potassium chloride compactates, which is characterized in that on the surface of a freshly prepared, still warm potassium chloride Kompaktats water in an amount of 0.1 to 0.4 parts by weight. %, in particular in an amount of 0.25 to 0.35 wt .-%, based on the mass of the freshly prepared potassium chloride Kompaktats applies.
- the process according to the invention requires no conventional binders and no dust binders.
- the comparatively small amounts of water are sufficient to achieve sufficient solidification of Kompaktats. Larger amounts of water are not required. They usually lead to other disadvantages, such as a higher tendency of Kompaktats for baking.
- the process is simple to carry out, since the water can be applied to the compactate in a simple manner, for example by spraying it on. Elaborate mixing devices are not needed for this.
- a subsequent drying step is not necessary.
- the inventive method is particularly suitable for improving the mechanical stability of coarse-grained compactates, ie of such freshly prepared compactates, wherein at least 80 wt .-% of potassium chloride Kompaktats grain sizes of at least 5 mm, eg particle sizes in the range of 5 to 40 mm, aufwei - sen.
- the present invention particularly relates to a method for increasing the mechanical stability of potassium chloride compactates wherein at least 80% by weight of the potassium chloride compactate has grain sizes of at least 5 mm, eg particle sizes in the range of 5 to 40 mm.
- the particle sizes given here and below are those values as determined by sieve analysis according to DIN 66165: 2016-08.
- the inventive method is particularly suitable for improving the mechanical stability of potassium chloride compactates with a high content of potassium chloride.
- the freshly prepared potassium chloride compactate hereinafter also referred to as the potassium chloride compactate to be treated, preferably has a KCl content of at least 98.0% by weight, for example in the range from 98.0 to 99.9% by weight. , in particular at least 98.5 wt .-%, for example in the range of 98.5 to 99.9 wt .-%, especially at least 99.0 wt .-%, for example in the range of 99.0 to 99.9 wt. %, in each case based on the components of the potassium chloride Kompaktats other than water, on.
- the freshly prepared potassium chloride compactate may also contain other components other than potassium chloride and water.
- these components are in particular sodium chloride, bromides of sodium or potassium or alkaline earth metal halides such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride and their oxides.
- the total amount of such constituents will generally not exceed 2.0 wt .-%, in particular 1, 5 wt.% And especially 1, 0 wt .-% and is typically in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 wt. %, in particular in the range of 0, 1 to 1, 5 wt .-% and especially in the range of 0, 1 to 1 wt .-%.
- the advantages of the invention are particularly useful when the proportion of alkaline earth metal compounds not more than 2000 ppm, calculated as oxides and based on the non-water components of the freshly prepared potassium chloride Kompaktats is.
- the advantages according to the invention are also particularly noticeable when the freshly prepared potassium chloride compactate contains no or substantially no conventional binders.
- the proportion of conventional binders is therefore in particular below 0.1% by weight, in particular below 0.05% by weight, based on the constituents of the potassium chloride compactate other than water.
- the freshly prepared potassium chloride compactate to be treated contains no or substantially no organic binders or other organic impurities.
- the freshly prepared potassium chloride compactate based on its total mass, less than 10 ppm, in particular not more than 5 ppm organic carbon (TOC value), determined in accordance with the method described in DIN EN 15936: 2012 and calculated as elemental carbon. Accordingly, it is preferable to add organic solidifying agents or dust binders to the potassium chloride compactate neither in its preparation nor before or after the application of the water in the process of the present invention.
- the production of potassium chloride compactates involves the pressing of finely divided potassium chloride.
- This process is also referred to as press agglomeration or compacting.
- a finely divided potassium chloride raw material is used in the press agglomeration, wherein at least 90 wt .-%, in particular at least 95 wt .-% of the particles of the potassium chloride raw material have a grain size of not more than 2 mm.
- at least 90 wt .-%, especially at least 95 wt .-% of the particles of finely divided potassium chloride have a particle size in the range of 0.01 to 2 mm.
- the finely divided potassium chloride typically has the comparable levels of impurities as the freshly prepared potassium chloride compactate, since during compacting usually no further constituents are added to the finely divided potassium chloride. Accordingly, sets a finely divided potassium chloride is preferably used for compacting which has a content of KCl of at least 98.0% by weight, for example in the range from 98.0 to 99.9% by weight, in particular at least 98.5% by weight, for example in the range of 98.5 to 99.9 wt .-%, especially at least 99.0 wt .-%, for example in the range of 99.0 to 99.9 wt .-%, each based on the components other than water of the finely divided potassium chloride.
- the finely divided potassium chloride may also contain various ingredients. These components are in particular the components mentioned in connection with the compact.
- the advantages according to the invention come into play, in particular, when the proportion of alkaline earth compounds is not more than 2000 ppm, calculated as oxides and based on the constituents of finely divided potassium chloride other than water.
- the potassium chloride raw material is usually a mined, or by solar evaporation or solution mining won crystalline potassium chloride, for example, by evaporation, crystallization and / or by a hot dissolving method, by flotation or by a combination of these measures prepared has been.
- additional potassium chloride can additionally be added to the potassium chloride raw material. This is, for example, a return material which is obtained during the classification of the potassium chloride granules according to the invention and which has optionally been comminuted.
- the proportion of further potassium chloride, z. B. the wastewater usually in the range of 1 to 70 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the discontinued for granulation amount.
- the compaction is carried out using a roller press.
- roller presses the compaction takes place in the gap of two counter-rotating rollers.
- the roll surfaces can be smooth, profiled, z. B. ribbed, wavy or gewaf- felt, or be equipped with mold cavities.
- a possible profiling of the roll surface serves primarily to improve the intake ratio in the nip.
- the primary agglomeration product is a ribbon-like strand emerging from the nip, also referred to as a slug.
- the compaction required for the compaction which are usually related to the roll width and are given as line forces, are usually in the range of 1 to 75 kN / cm, in particular in the range of 40 to 70 kN / cm and based on 1000 mm diameter and a middle school thickness of 10 - 18 mm.
- the roll press is operated at a roll peripheral speed in the range of 0.2 to 1.6 m / s.
- the compaction takes place at temperatures in the range of 80 to 150 ° C. This may be the temperature which, due to the action of the mechanical forces, adjusts to the treated potassium chloride raw material.
- you will preheat the compacting supplied good to the desired temperature for the compaction or the good has residual heat z. B. from the drying.
- the press agglomeration can be carried out in several stages.
- slugs are obtained, which are subjected to comminution to adjust the particle size of the resulting Kompaktats.
- the crushing of the slugs can be carried out in a manner known per se, for example by grinding in devices suitable for this purpose, for example in impact crushers, impact mills or roll crushers, in particular those with spiked rollers.
- the compact is subjected to a classification in which finely divided components are separated.
- the classification can be carried out in a manner known per se, for example by sieving the comminuted material.
- the freshly prepared, still warm potassium chloride compactate is treated with water.
- the heat results from the energy introduced during the production of the compactate, eg the heat energy used for the drying but also introduced during pressing and crushing heat energy, which is initially stored due to the heat capacity of the potassium chloride in the compact and is slowly released to the environment after production.
- the potassium chloride compactate has a temperature of at least 70 ° C, especially at least 80 ° C and especially at least 85 ° C immediately before the application of the water.
- the temperature of the freshly prepared, still warm potassium chloride Kompaktats immediately before the application of the water a temperature of 1 0 ° C, in particular 130 ° C and especially 125 ° C does not exceed.
- the temperature of the freshly prepared, still warm potassium chloride Kompaktats immediately before the application of the water in the range of 70 to 140 ° C, in particular in the range of 80 to 130 ° C and especially in the range of 85 to 125 ° C.
- the freshly prepared potassium chloride compactate usually has only a low water content before the application of the water, which frequently does not exceed a value of 0.3% by weight, in particular 0.2% by weight.
- the water content of the freshly prepared potassium chloride compactate is in the range of 0.01 to 0.3 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 0.02 to 0.2 wt .-%, based on the total mass of Kompaktats and determined by the dry loss of the compactate at 105 ⁇ 5 ° C.
- This dry loss is typically determined in accordance with DIN EN 12880: 2000 by drying a sample at temperatures in the range of 105 ⁇ 5 ° C at ambient pressure to constant weight. As a rule, the laboratory drying takes place to determine the water content in a drying cabinet. The time required to achieve weight constancy is typically less than 2 hours for compacted potassium chloride. This is determined by weighing before and after drying the dry residue in%, based on the initial weight used. The dry loss in% results from the dry residue in% by subtraction of 100.
- the water is applied as evenly as possible to the surface of the potassium chloride compactate. It has been proven, the water in finely divided form, eg. B. by spraying or in atomized form, applied to the particles of potassium chloride compactate.
- nian usually the water by means of one or more suitable atomizers, such as fixed or rotating nozzles, spray or atomize.
- suitable atomizers such as fixed or rotating nozzles, spray or atomize.
- the potassium chloride compactate is moved during the application of the water, in particular of the atomized water, in order to achieve a more even application of the water to the surface of the compact particles.
- one will proceed so that the potassium chloride compactate in a relative movement through a spray cone or a spray curtain of several overlapping Sprühkegeln leads.
- the water used for application to the potassium chloride Kompaktat can be pure, for example, deionized water, but also tap water or process water. Preferably, it contains no or no appreciable amounts of impurities apart from the inorganic salts commonly present in tap or process water to avoid contamination of the potassium chloride compactate.
- the water contains no organic constituents, ie the concentration of organic impurities is in particular below 100 ppm.
- the total concentration of impurities in the water, ie the total amount of organic and inorganic constituents other than water, is preferably below 1000 ppm.
- the water used to apply to the potassium chloride Kompaktat typically has temperatures in the range of ambient temperature, for example temperatures in the range of 5 to 40 ° C.
- it may be useful to heat the water before application for example to temperatures up to 80 ° C.
- the potassium chloride compactate treated according to the invention is stored after the treatment, for example in silos or as a pile in warehouses.
- the water-treated potassium chloride compacts according to the invention can also be packaged, for example in sacks or big bags.
- potassium chloride compactates are characterized in comparison to untreated potassium chloride compactates by a lower sensitivity to mechanical stress, such as occur when loading or unloading or when handling or transporting the compactates. This manifests itself in less grain destruction and less formation of abrasion, i. of particles with grain sizes below 2 mm. Therefore, potassium chloride compactates treated according to the present invention tend to cake to a lesser extent than untreated potassium chloride compactates when stored, in particular under pressure, as occurs in heaps or when stored in silos.
- the improved mechanical strength of the compacted material is retained even during storage over long periods of time, so that the mechanical stresses occurring during the removal or during handling of the potassium chloride compactates treated according to the invention lead to a smaller grain destruction even after prolonged storage in comparison with untreated potassium chloride. compacts.
- the residual moisture of the (wet) potassium chloride raw material is usually at 5.7 to 6.2 wt .-%.
- the moist crude potassium chloride material was subjected to drying at about 135 ° C. Subsequently, the raw material was optionally applied to the presses with the press back material in the comminution / fractionation. The processed quantities amount to around 40 t / h of potassium chloride raw material.
- a roll press with sudgutniklauf was used for the press agglomeration in the production .
- the roll press is constructed as follows: two counter-rotating rolls have a waffle profiling on the roll surface (typical roll diameter 1 150 mm, typical working width 1000 mm, gap width typically about 15 mm). The press was operated with a line force of about 70 kN / cm and a roller speed of 0.7 m / s.
- the supply of the potassium chloride raw material was usually carried out by means of a central chain conveyor and arranged over the press stuffing screws.
- the slugs produced in the roll press were comminuted by means of a roll crusher. Subsequently, the material was classified using a commercially available screening device, the fraction with grain size> 5 mm (product) separated, the fraction with grain size ⁇ 5 mm returned to the task. The respective fractions were discharged from the screening device with a conveyor belt. The compact had immediately after discharge from the sieve a temperature of 90 to 1 10 ° C and a loss on drying of less than 0, 1 wt .-% to.
- the compacted material thus produced which was on the conveyor belt, was sprayed with water by means of a flat jet nozzle immediately after leaving the screening device.
- the water was tap water with a hardness of 13.8 dH.
- the nozzle was set to produce a flat spray cone with an opening angle of 120 °.
- the conveyor belt speed and the application amount of water were adjusted so that the application amount was about 0.3% by weight based on the compactate passed through the spray cone.
- a total of 22 samples a 10 to 15 kg were transferred over a longer period of time taken a sample flap. From the samples in each case 2 - 3 kg were divided, to determine the particle size distribution 5 min. on a screening machine (type EML 450 digital plus from the company Häver & Boecker) were screened.
- the potassium chloride compactate obtained in this way had the following particle size distribution (average over 22 samples):
- the Kompaktat thus obtained was then stored on the conveyor belt as a heap in a warehouse. After 7 days of storage, the material was stored by means of an excavator. From the stored material again successive 21 samples of 10 - 15 kg were taken. From the samples in each case 2 - 3 kg were divided, of which by sieve analysis in the manner described above, the proportion of particles with particle sizes> 2 mm and> 5 mm was determined. In the following Table 1 the corresponding values are compiled. For comparative purposes, a potassium chloride compactate was prepared in the manner described above under the conditions described above with the only difference being that the compact was not sprayed with water.
- Table 1 Grain destruction of potassium chloride compactates before storage and after storage. Comparative example without example with 0.3% by weight
- the advantageous mechanical stability is maintained even during transport.
- the stored Kompaktat was first loaded onto a truck, then transferred to a transport ship and then unloaded. It was found that the treated compact had a more than 2.5-fold lower proportion of particles with particle sizes of less than 5 mm compared to the untreated compactate.
- the determination of the grain stability can also be determined by the abrasion of the compact material by means of a drum test, which is based on the procedures described in DIN 51717 or ISO 3271. Due to the mechanical stress of the compactate, particles with grain sizes below 5 mm form in this test. The lower the proportion of particles with particle sizes below 5 mm or below 2 mm, the more mechanically stable is the compactate.
- the contents of the drum were then screened on a sieve with a mesh size of 5 mm, under which a sieve with a mesh width of 2 mm was placed, on a sieving machine (type EML 450 digital plus from Häver & Boecker) for 5 min.
- the 0.3% by weight water-treated potassium chloride compactate prepared as described above contained 18.4% by weight of particles below 5 mm in size after treatment in the drum.
- the potassium chloride compactate prepared for comparison purposes without water treatment contained, after treatment in the drum, 27.8% by weight of particles with a size of less than 5 mm.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017007105.5A DE102017007105A1 (de) | 2017-07-28 | 2017-07-28 | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der mechanischen Stabilität von Kaliumchlorid-Kompaktaten |
PCT/DE2018/000225 WO2019020140A1 (de) | 2017-07-28 | 2018-07-27 | Verfahren zur erhöhung der mechanischen stabilität von kaliumchlorid-kompaktaten |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3658506A1 true EP3658506A1 (de) | 2020-06-03 |
Family
ID=63371445
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18759544.2A Pending EP3658506A1 (de) | 2017-07-28 | 2018-07-27 | Verfahren zur erhöhung der mechanischen stabilität von kaliumchlorid-kompaktaten |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200156954A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3658506A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3071340A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017007105A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019020140A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2810640C2 (de) * | 1978-03-11 | 1983-03-17 | Kali Und Salz Ag, 3500 Kassel | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gekörnten Produkten |
DD136956B1 (de) | 1978-06-01 | 1981-09-30 | Wolfgang Tittel | Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtstaubenden abriebfesten kaliduengemittelgranulaten |
DE102014014100A1 (de) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-03-31 | K + S Kali Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kaliumsulfat-Granulaten und das hieraus erhaltene Kaliumsulfat-Granulat sowie dessen Verwendung |
-
2017
- 2017-07-28 DE DE102017007105.5A patent/DE102017007105A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2018
- 2018-07-27 US US16/634,279 patent/US20200156954A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-07-27 EP EP18759544.2A patent/EP3658506A1/de active Pending
- 2018-07-27 WO PCT/DE2018/000225 patent/WO2019020140A1/de active Application Filing
- 2018-07-27 CA CA3071340A patent/CA3071340A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3071340A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
WO2019020140A1 (de) | 2019-01-31 |
DE102017007105A1 (de) | 2019-01-31 |
US20200156954A1 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
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