EP3658403B1 - Elektrofahrzeugladesystem zum laden eines elektrofahrzeugs mit gleichstrom - Google Patents

Elektrofahrzeugladesystem zum laden eines elektrofahrzeugs mit gleichstrom Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3658403B1
EP3658403B1 EP18742516.0A EP18742516A EP3658403B1 EP 3658403 B1 EP3658403 B1 EP 3658403B1 EP 18742516 A EP18742516 A EP 18742516A EP 3658403 B1 EP3658403 B1 EP 3658403B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical vehicle
charging
voltage
charging device
electrical
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Active
Application number
EP18742516.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3658403A1 (de
Inventor
Stefan Joannes Raaijmakers
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ABB EMobility BV
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ABB Schweiz AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/25—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/346—Passive non-dissipative snubbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical vehicle charging device for charging an electrical vehicle with a DC voltage, comprising a power converter having an input side adapted for receiving an AC voltage from an AC grid or a DC voltage from a DC grid and an output side, and a transformer having a primary side connected to the output side and a secondary side.
  • the invention further relates to a method for charging the electrical vehicle with the electrical vehicle charging device.
  • a charging voltage range might be limited due various reasons. For example, if component ratings only allow up to 500 V, currents may increase to unacceptable levels in the resonant tank or the Volt-second integral on a respective transformer becomes too high, etc. These are design considerations which are mainly but not exclusively a problem for resonant topologies.
  • EP 1 075 070 A2 describes a power-factor-corrected, single-stage inductive charger that may be used to charge a load, such as batteries of an electric vehicle.
  • the inductive charger system is a single stage inductive charger compatible with the Society of Automotive Engineers inductive charging standard SAE J-1773.
  • an electrical vehicle charging device for charging an electrical vehicle with a DC voltage, comprising a power converter having an input side adapted for receiving an AC voltage from an AC grid or a DC voltage from a DC grid and an output side, a transformer having a primary side connected to the output side and a secondary side, a full wave rectifier having a first and a secondary input connected to the secondary side and a positive and a negative output, at least two output capacitors connected between respective end taps in series via a center tap and between the positive and the negative output, whereby the end taps are adapted for providing the DC voltage to the electrical vehicle, and a switch connected in series between the first or the secondary input and the center tap, and whereby the electrical vehicle charging device is adapted for closing and/or opening the switch depending on a DC voltage level required for charging the electrical vehicle.
  • the level of the DC voltage that is providable to the electrical vehicle can be adjusted by closing and/or opening the switch and that the level of the DC voltage depends on the electrical vehicle, for example on the type of the electrical vehicle. Specifically, by opening the switch, the DC voltage level can be doubled, compared to a closed switch.
  • the electrical vehicle charging device allowing for charging different types of electrical vehicles requiring different DC voltage levels, as the DC voltage level provided by the electrical vehicle charging device can be adjusted dependent of the DC voltage level required by the electrical vehicle.
  • Said DC voltage level required for charging the electrical vehicle preferably equals a nominal voltage of a battery of the electrical vehicle respectively of the electrical vehicle.
  • the electrical vehicle charging device allows for extending the DC output voltage range without adding stress to components of the electrical vehicle charging device by splitting an output capacitor into at least two output capacitors, preferably exactly two output capacitors having the same capacitance, and adding a preferably bi-directional switch. By switching the switch the electrical vehicle charging device can be operated in full bridge operation or as a voltage doubler, thereby extending the DC output voltage range.
  • the electrical vehicle can be provided as any electrical vehicle known from prior art, for example as an electrical bus, ebus and/or comprises said battery to be charged when connecting to the electrical vehicle charging device.
  • the electrical vehicle is connected via a charging cable to the electrical vehicle charging device respectively to the end taps.
  • the electrical vehicle charging device is preferably provided in accordance with IEC 62196 norm, for example incorporating norms SAE J1772, VDE-AR-E2623-2-2, EV Plug Alliance Proposal, and/or JEVS G105-1993 for delivering the DC voltage to the electrical vehicle.
  • the DC voltage may comprise 230 V, 400 V, 500 V, 400 to 500 V, or higher voltages such as 800 V or 1000 V.
  • the electrical vehicle charging device comprises a control device adapted for closing and/or opening the switch depending a DC voltage level signal received from the electrical vehicle and/or from a control center.
  • the control device preferably comprises a microprocessor and/or a computerized means.
  • the control device and/or the electrical vehicle are preferably provided with a wireless and/or wired communication device for transmitting the DC voltage level signal.
  • the switch upon receipt of the DC voltage level signal, the switch is respectively switched. If the switch is already in target position corresponding to the DC voltage level signal, for example closed, the switch remains in its closed position.
  • the control center may be distantly away from the electrical vehicle charging device and/or configured for operating the electrical vehicle charging device at least in regard to the DC voltage level required for charging the electrical vehicle.
  • the connector and/or the socket-outlet is preferably provided according to IEC 62196 standard, in particular complying to SAEJ1772, VDE-AR-E2623-2-2, EV plug alliance proposal, JARI Level 3 DC norm and/or JEVSG105-1993 standard.
  • the charging cable, the connector and/or the socket-outlet is configured for conducting a DC voltage of 400 Volt and a DC current of 32 A, 63 A or 150 A.
  • the charging cable, the connector and/or the socket-outlet can be configured to conduct higher voltages and amperes for allowing fast charging, for example 1000 V DC at 400 A or 150 kW, 300 kW or higher.
  • the DC voltage level signal can be communicated via a signal pin of the electrical connection with a function preferably defined in IEC 62196 or SAEJ1772-2001. More preferably, the DC voltage level signal is communicated via a control pilot, CP, signal and/or over CAN bus or power line communication, PLC, according to IEC 61851-24 or ISO 15118.
  • the electrical vehicle charging device comprises two inductances each connected in series between the positive and negative output and the respective end tap.
  • the two inductances are magnetically coupled in opposite or in same direction.
  • the two inductances have identical inductances. More preferably, the inductors each have 2, 3, 5 or 10 windings.
  • the charging device comprises a plurality of power converters, transformers, full wave rectifiers, output capacitors and switches connected in parallel at the respective end taps for charging the electrical vehicle with the DC voltage.
  • the converters are connected respectively operate between the AC phases of the AC grid.
  • the electrical vehicle charging devices function advantageously as power factor correctors, taking sinusoidal current from the AC grid and outputting a sin 2 current into a 'fixed' DC voltage. As the three phases of the AC grid are phase shifted by 120 degrees, each electrical vehicle charging device delivers a sinusoidal current that goes to zero.
  • the electrical vehicle charging device is adapted for closing and/or opening the switches independently from each other during charging the electrical vehicle.
  • zero current moment is advantageous for switching i.e. opening and/or closing the switch
  • an operating area of the electrical vehicle charging device is advantageously extended.
  • the switch is provided as a fixed switch, as a relay and/or as a MOSFET. Beside that the switch can be provided with silicon, for instance with two MOSFETs back-to-back, or as any other electronic switch know from prior art.
  • the full wave rectifier is provided as a diode full bridge.
  • the power converter is provided as a resonant power converter and/or comprises a resonance tank formed by a capacitance component and an inductance component, at least two resonant switches connected to the resonance tank, a number of snubber capacitors connected in parallel to each of the resonant switches, and a controller adapted to control on and off timings of the at least two switches so as to excite the resonance tank.
  • the resonant tank is preferably connected to the AC grid via a half bridge formed by the resonant switches, which are preferably provided as electronic switches. Timings at which on-pulses of the two resonant switches are skipped are advantageously offset relative to one another, which helps the resonance tank to stay in the resonant mode.
  • random pulse skipping would be possible, it is preferred to use pre-defined regular pulse skipping patterns in order avoid random pulse cancellation and sub-harmonic output current variations.
  • the object of the invention is further solved by a method for charging an electrical vehicle with an electrical vehicle charging device as described before, comprising the steps:
  • the method allows for pre-configuring the switch so that charging with a suitable DC voltage may immediately start once the electrical vehicle has connected to the electrical vehicle charging device.
  • communication is preferably done by a wireless communication method, for example by using a wireless communication standard such as WLAN, UMTS or LTE.
  • the electrical vehicle communicates the desired DC voltage level for charging the battery of the electrical vehicle to the electrical vehicle charging device, for example a maximum battery voltage.
  • the DC voltage level can be configured dynamically for example once the electrical vehicle has established an electrical connection with the electrical vehicle charging device for charging the electrical vehicle.
  • a charge protocol may allow for such dynamic change of an available DC voltage from the electrical vehicle charging device or a new maximum DC voltage can be re-negotiated by stopping and starting charging.
  • the electrical vehicle charging device further comprises two output capacitors 11 with equal capacitances, which are connected in series between respective ends taps 12 via a center tap 13.
  • the end taps 12 are electrically connected to the electrical vehicle 1 via a charging cable, not shown, for charging the electrical vehicle 1 with a DC voltage.
  • the ends taps 12 are each connected to a respective positive and negative output 14 of the full wave rectifier 10.
  • Fig. 1b The implementation shown in Fig. 1b is identical to the implementation of Fig. 1a as described before except that two inductances 16 are provided with equal inductances, which are connected in series between the positive and negative output 14 and the respective end tap 12. As illustrated in Fig. 1b , the two inductances 16 are magnetically coupled in opposite direction.
  • the power converter 2 is provided as a resonant power converter and comprises a resonance tank 17 formed by a capacitance component C r1 , C r2 and an inductance component L r and two resonant switches Q 1 , Q 2 provided as IGBTs forming a half bridge 18, which are connected to the resonance tank 17.
  • the power converter 2 further comprises a number of snubber capacitors C s1 , C s2 connected in parallel to each of the resonant switches Q 1 , Q 2 , and a controller 18, which is adapted to control on and off timings of the two resonant switches Q 1 , Q 2 for exciting the resonance tank 17.
  • the electrical vehicle 1 If the electrical vehicle 1 comes closer to the electrical vehicle charging device it communicates the DC voltage level signal comprising the DC voltage level required for charging the electrical vehicle 1 to the control device 20 via the wireless connection, for example by using a UMTS, LTE or WLAN communication protocol, for pre-configuring the electrical vehicle charging device before charging, for example for supplying a maximum charging voltage.
  • the control device 20 upon receipt of the DC voltage level signal, opens or closes the switch 15 respectively leaves the switch 15 unchanged if the electrical vehicle charging device is already configured for delivering an appropriate DC voltage as required for charging the electrical vehicle.
  • the electrical vehicle 1 Upon connecting the electrical vehicle 1 to the electrical vehicle charging device via the charging cable, the electrical vehicle 1 is charged with the so configured DC voltage level.
  • the switch 15 can be opened or closed.
  • said switches 15 can be opened and/or closed independently from each other during charging the electrical vehicle 1. For example, if a small dip in current and/or voltage is acceptable, the electrical vehicle charging device can be switched off for a brief period while the switch 15 is being engaged i.e. closed. Alternatively, if a converter current goes to zero during a normal mains period this moment can be used to switch the switch 15.
  • switchover of specific switches 15 can be coordinated with other electrical vehicle charging devices for hiding the dip, or to not have a change over at the same time. If such changeover can be done seamlessly, coordination does not need to be done through direct communication, for example depending on an actual DC voltage at that moment. If DC output voltage has a dip, some electrical vehicle charging devices can be switched over one by one, while the dip can be compensated by the remaining electrical vehicle charging devices.
  • the electrical vehicle charging devices function as power factor correctors, taking sinusoidal current from the AC grid 4 and outputting sin 2 current into a 'fixed' DC voltage. Because the three phases of the AC grid 4 are phase shifted by 120 degrees, each electrical vehicle charging device delivers a sinusoidal current that goes to zero. Such zero current moment is ideal to switch over the switch 15 or enable the IGBTs in the switch 15. Thus, by adding switch 15 and splitting a classical output capacitor into two output capacitors 11 an operating area of the electrical vehicle charging device is extended.
  • Fig. 3 shows an exemplary operation area of the implementations shown in Fig. 1 to 2 and as described before. While the ordinate shows the current, the abscissa shows the DC voltage. As can be seen, the operating area doubles the DC voltage at half the current. This means that if the maximum current is not high enough, part of the desired area might not be available. In an example 400 to 500 V DC voltage area a switchover must occur, which means the current first must match the lower of the two, then the switching is done. On a voltage ramp-down more current is available after the switch over.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Anordnung zum Laden eines Elektrofahrzeugs (1) mit einer Gleichspannung, aufweisend eine Elektrofahrzeug-Ladeeinrichtung und das Elektrofahrzeug (1), wobei die Elektrofahrzeug-Ladeeinrichtung aufweist
    einen Stromrichter (2) mit einer Eingangsseite (3), die zur Aufnahme einer Wechselspannung aus einem Wechselstromnetz (4) oder einer Gleichspannung aus einem Gleichstromnetz eingerichtet ist, und einer Ausgangsseite (5),
    einen Transformator (7) mit einer Primärseite (6), die mit der Ausgangsseite (5) verbunden ist, und einer Sekundärseite (8),
    einen Vollwellengleichrichter (10) mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Eingang (9), die mit der Sekundärseite (8) verbunden sind, und einem positiven und einem negativen Ausgang (14),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er außerdem aufweist
    mindestens zwei Ausgangskondensatoren (11), die zwischen den jeweiligen Endabgriffen (12) über einen Mittelabgriff (13) und zwischen dem positiven und dem negativen Ausgang (14) in Reihe geschaltet sind, wobei die Endabgriffe (12) zur Bereitstellung der Gleichspannung für das Elektrofahrzeug (1) eingerichtet sind,
    einen Schalter (15), der in Reihe zwischen dem ersten oder dem zweiten Eingang (9) und dem Mittelabgriff (13) geschaltet ist, und
    eine Steuereinrichtung (19), die zum Schließen und/oder Öffnen des Schalters (15) in Abhängigkeit von einem von dem Elektrofahrzeug (1) empfangenen und zum Laden des Elektrofahrzeugs (1) erforderlichen Gleichspannungspegelsignal eingerichtet ist, wobei
    das Elektrofahrzeug (1) über eine elektrische Verbindung mit den Endabgriffen (12) elektrisch verbindbar ist und eingerichtet ist, ein Gleichspannungspegelsignal, das den Gleichspannungspegel aufweist, über die elektrische Verbindung zu senden.
  2. Anordnung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die Elektrofahrzeug-Ladevorrichtung zum Schließen und/oder Öffnen des Schalters (15) während des Ladens des Elektrofahrzeugs (1) eingerichtet ist.
  3. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, aufweisend zwei Induktivitäten (16), die jeweils in Reihe zwischen dem positiven und negativen Ausgang (14) und dem jeweiligen Endabgriff (12) geschaltet sind.
  4. Anordnung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die beiden Induktivitäten (16) in entgegengesetzter Richtung magnetisch gekoppelt sind.
  5. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, aufweisend eine Mehrzahl von Stromrichtern (2), Transformatoren (7), Vollwellengleichrichtern (10), Ausgangskondensatoren (11) und Schaltern (15), die zum Laden des Elektrofahrzeugs (1) mit der Gleichspannung an den jeweiligen Endabgriffen (12) parallel geschaltet sind.
  6. Anordnung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei die Elektrofahrzeug-Ladevorrichtung dazu eingerichtet ist, die Schalter (15) beim Laden des Elektrofahrzeugs (1) unabhängig voneinander zu schließen und/oder zu öffnen.
  7. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Schalter (15) als Festschalter, als Relais und/oder als MOSFET ausgebildet ist.
  8. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Vollwellengleichrichter (10) als Diodenvollbrücke ausgebildet ist.
  9. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Stromrichter (2) als Resonanzstromrichter ausgebildet ist und/oder aufweist
    einen Resonanztank (17), der durch ein Kapazitätsbauteil (Cr1, Cr2) und ein Induktivitätsbauteil (Lr) gebildet wird,
    mindestens zwei Resonanzschalter (Q1, Q2), die mit dem Resonanztank (17) verbunden sind,
    eine Anzahl von Dämpfungskondensatoren (Cs1, Cs2), die parallel zu jedem der Resonanzschalter (Q1, Q2) geschaltet sind, und
    eine Steuerung (18), die eingerichtet ist, die Ein- und Ausschaltzeiten der mindestens zwei Schalter zu steuern, um den Resonanztank (17) anzuregen.
  10. Verfahren zum Laden eines Elektrofahrzeugs mit einer Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, aufweisend die Schritte:
    a) Übermitteln, dass das Elektrofahrzeug (1) an der Elektrofahrzeug-Ladeeinrichtung ankommt, und/oder
    b) Übermitteln des zum Laden des Elektrofahrzeugs (1) erforderlichen Gleichspannungspegels an die Elektrofahrzeug-Ladeeinrichtung, und
    c) Schließen und/oder Öffnen des Schalters (15) in Abhängigkeit von der zum Laden des Elektrofahrzeugs (1) erforderlichen Gleichspannungshöhe, und
    d) Laden der Elektrofahrzeug-Ladevorrichtung mit der Gleichspannung.
  11. Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, aufweisend den Schritt:
    c') wenn die zum Laden des Elektrofahrzeugs (1) erforderliche Spannungshöhe an der Elektrofahrzeug-Ladeeinrichtung nicht verfügbar ist, Übermitteln einer entsprechenden Meldung an das Elektrofahrzeug (1).
EP18742516.0A 2017-07-26 2018-07-25 Elektrofahrzeugladesystem zum laden eines elektrofahrzeugs mit gleichstrom Active EP3658403B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17183299 2017-07-26
PCT/EP2018/070124 WO2019020669A1 (en) 2017-07-26 2018-07-25 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING DEVICE FOR CHARGING AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH CONTINUOUS VOLTAGE

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EP3658403A1 EP3658403A1 (de) 2020-06-03
EP3658403B1 true EP3658403B1 (de) 2022-04-20

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EP3658403A1 (de) 2020-06-03
US20200156491A1 (en) 2020-05-21
WO2019020669A1 (en) 2019-01-31
CN110914097B (zh) 2023-06-02
CN110914097A (zh) 2020-03-24
US11285815B2 (en) 2022-03-29

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