CN110914097A - 用于利用dc电压对电动载具充电的电动载具充电装置 - Google Patents

用于利用dc电压对电动载具充电的电动载具充电装置 Download PDF

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CN110914097A
CN110914097A CN201880050182.XA CN201880050182A CN110914097A CN 110914097 A CN110914097 A CN 110914097A CN 201880050182 A CN201880050182 A CN 201880050182A CN 110914097 A CN110914097 A CN 110914097A
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electric vehicle
charging device
voltage
switch
vehicle charging
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CN110914097B (zh
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S.J.拉吉马克斯
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ABB AS Norway
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于利用DC电压对电动载具（1）充电的电动载具充电装置，包括：功率转换器（2），其具有输入侧（3）和输出侧（5），所述输入侧（3）适合于接收来自AC电网（4）的AC电压或来自DC电网的DC电压；变压器（7），其具有连接到所述输出侧（5）的初级侧（6）和次级侧（8）；全波整流器（10），其具有连接到次级侧（8）的第一输入和次级输入（9）以及正输出和负输出（14；至少两个输出电容器（11），其经由中心抽头（13）串联连接在相应的端抽头（12）之间并且连接在所述正输出和负输出（14）之间，由此，端抽头（12）适合于向电动载具（1）提供DC电压；以及开关（15），其串联连接在所述第一或所述次级输入（9）与所述中心抽头（13）之间，并且由此电动载具充电装置适合于：根据对电动载具（1）充电所需的DC电压级别，闭合和/或断开开关（15）。

Description

用于利用DC电压对电动载具充电的电动载具充电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于利用DC电压对电动载具（electrical vehicle）充电的电动载具充电装置，包括：功率转换器，其具有适合于接收来自AC电网的AC电压或两者DC电网的DC电压的输入侧和输出侧；以及变压器，其具有连接到输出侧的初级侧和次级侧。本发明还涉及用于利用电动载具充电装置对电动载具充电的方法。
背景技术
EP2479059A1描述了一种用于电动载具的电池充电器，其由至少三个相同的电流控制的AC-DC谐振转换器模块构成，该AC-DC谐振转换器模块具有并联连接到电池的充电端子的反向电流保护的输出。谐振槽（resonant tank）由电感器和两个电容器形成，并且经由电子开关所形成的半桥连接到电压源。
在这样的谐振转换器模块中，充电电压范围可能由于各种原因而受到限制。例如，如果组件额定值仅允许高达500V，则电流可能在谐振槽中增加到不可接受的级别，或者相应的变压器上的伏-秒积分（Volt-second integral）变得过高等等。这些是设计考虑，其主要但不仅仅是谐振拓扑的问题。
然而，在电动载具充电中，需要大的电压范围，因为相应的电动载具电池的电压可以在电动载具之间变化并且取决于相应的充电状态。目前，存在一种趋势：支持（go for）更高的充电电压，但是保持与当前的电动载具模型兼容。因此，需要扩大电压范围的最大值。
EP1075070A2描述了一种功率因数校正的单级感应充电器，其可用于对诸如电动载具的电池之类的负载充电。该感应充电器系统是与汽车工程师协会感应充电标准SAE J-1773兼容的单级感应充电器。
从因特网检索的Georgina Gregory的文献“Voltage Doubler Rectifier”描述了一种倍压整流器。
另一方面，制造可以在大电压范围上传递恒定功率的谐振转换器是非常昂贵的，因为它需要处置宽范围压力（stress）的组件。因此，对于谐振转换器而言，这可能很快变得不实际并且非常有问题。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供用于对需要不同DC电压级别的不同类型的电动载具充电的电动载具充电装置。
本发明的目的通过独立权利要求的特征来解决。优选实施例由从属权利要求的特征来定义。
因此，该目的通过用于利用DC电压对电动载具充电的电动载具充电装置来解决，该电动载具充电装置包括：功率转换器，其具有适合于接收来自AC电网的AC电压或来自DC电网的DC电压的输入侧和输出侧；变压器，其具有连接到输出侧的初级侧和次级侧；全波整流器，其具有连接到次级侧的第一输入和次级输入以及正输出和负输出；至少两个输出电容器，其经由中心抽头串联连接在相应的端抽头（end tap）之间以及连接在正输出和负输出之间，由此端抽头适合于向电动载具提供DC电压；以及开关，其串联连接在第一输入或次级输入与中心抽头之间，并且由此电动载具充电装置适合于：根据对电动载具充电所需的DC电压级别，闭合和/或断开开关。
因此，本发明的关键点在于：可通过闭合和/或断开开关来调整可提供给电动载具的DC电压的级别，以及DC电压的级别取决于电动载具，例如取决于电动载具的类型。特别地，与断开开关相比，通过闭合开关，DC电压级别可以加倍。因此，电动载具充电装置虑及对需要不同DC电压级别的不同类型的电动载具充电，因为由电动载具充电装置提供的DC电压级别可以根据由电动载具所需的DC电压级别来调整。对电动载具充电所需的所述DC电压级别优选地等于电动载具的电池的和/或电动载具的标称电压。
换句话说，通过将输出电容器分成至少两个输出电容器，优选地，恰好分成具有相同电容的两个输出电容器，并且增加优选的双向开关，电动载具充电装置虑及扩展DC输出电压范围，而没有对电动载具充电装置的组件增加压力。通过切换开关，电动载具充电装置可以采用全桥或者作为倍压器（voltage doubler）来操作，从而扩展DC输出电压范围。
电动载具可以被提供为从现有技术已知的任何电动载具（例如被提供为电公交车ebus）和/或包括当连接到电动载具充电装置时要被充电的所述电池。优选地，电动载具经由充电线缆连接到电动载具充电装置和/或连接到端抽头。优选地根据IEC 62196规范，例如，结合规范SAE J1772、VDE-AR-E2623-2-2、EV Plug Alliance Proposal和/或JEVSG105-1993，来提供电动载具充电装置以便将DC电压传递到电动载具。DC电压可以包括230V、400V、500V、400V至500V或诸如800V或1000V之类的更高的电压。
在进一步优选的实现中，电动载具充电装置包括控制装置，该控制装置适合于：根据从电动载具和/或从控制中心接收的DC电压级别信号，闭合和/或断开开关。控制装置优选地包括微处理器和/或计算机化部件。控制装置和/或电动载具优选地被提供有用于传送DC电压级别信号的无线和/或有线通信装置。优选地，在接收到DC电压级别信号时，分别切换开关。如果开关已经处于与DC电压级别信号对应的目标位置，例如闭合，则开关保持在其闭合位置。控制中心可以远离电动载具充电装置和/或被配置用于至少关于对电动载具充电所需的DC电压级别来操作电动载具充电装置。
在另一个优选的实现中，电动载具经由电连接而电连接到端抽头，并且适合于经由电连接发送包括DC电压级别的DC电压级别信号。电连接优选地被提供为充电线缆。电连接的第一端优选地配备有用于连接到电动载具的相应的插座（socket-outlet）的连接器，和/或电连接的第二端优选地连接到电动载具充电装置。
优选地根据IEC 62196标准，特别是遵照SAEJ1772、VDE-AR-E2623-2-2、EV plugalliance proposal、JARI Level 3 DC规范和/或JEVSG105-1993标准，来提供连接器和/或插座。例如，充电线缆、连接器和/或插座被配置用于传导400伏的DC电压和32A、63A或150A的DC电流。除此之外，充电线缆、连接器和/或插座可以被配置成传导更高的电压和安培，例如以400A的1000V DC或150kW、300kW或更高，以便允许快速充电。可以经由具有优选地在IEC 62196或SAEJ1772-2001中定义的功能的电连接的信号引脚来传达DC电压级别信号。更优选地，根据IEC 61851-24或ISO 15118，经由控制导频CP信号和/或通过CAN总线或功率线通信PLC来传达DC电压级别信号。
在进一步优选的实现中，电动载具充电装置适合于在对电动载具充电期间闭合和/或断开开关。如果电流和/或DC电压的小下降（dip）是可接受的，使得电动载具充电装置可在开关被接合（即，闭合）的同时被关断短暂的时间段，则这种实现是有利的。备选地，如果转换器电流在正常主要时间段期间变为零，则这种时刻可以用于关断或接通开关。
在另一个优选的实现中，电动载具充电装置包括两个电感，每个电感串联连接在正输出和负输出与相应的端抽头之间。在进一步优选的实现中，两个电感在相反或相同方向上磁耦合。优选地，两个电感具有相同的电感。更优选地，电感器各自具有2、3、5或10个绕组。
在另一个优选的实现中，充电装置包括在相应的端抽头处并联连接的多个功率转换器、变压器、全波整流器、输出电容器和开关以便利用DC电压对电动载具充电。优选地，转换器在AC电网的AC相之间连接和/或操作。以这种方式，电动载具充电装置有利地充当功率因数校正器，其从AC电网取得正弦电流并且将sin2电流输出为“固定”DC电压。因为AC电网的三个相相移120度，所以每个电动载具充电装置传递变为零的正弦电流。
在这方面，进一步优选的是，电动载具充电装置适合于在对电动载具充电期间彼此独立地闭合和/或断开开关。之前提到的零电流时刻有利于切换开关，即，断开和/或闭合开关。因此，通过增加开关并且将传统的输出电容器分成两个输出电容器，有利地扩展了电动载具充电装置的操作区域。
在另一个优选的实现中，开关被提供为固定开关、被提供为继电器和/或被提供为MOSFET。除此之外，开关可以被提供有硅，例如被提供有背对背的两个MOSFET，或者被提供为从现有技术已知的任何其他电子开关。在进一步优选的实现中，全波整流器被提供为二极管全桥。
在另一个优选的实现中，功率转换器被提供为谐振功率转换器和/或包括由电容组件和电感组件形成的谐振槽、连接到谐振槽的至少两个谐振开关、并联连接到谐振开关中的每个谐振开关的多个缓冲电容器、以及控制器，其适合于控制至少两个开关的接通和关断定时以便激励谐振槽。谐振槽优选地经由谐振开关所形成的半桥连接到AC电网，所述谐振开关优选地被提供为电子开关。两个谐振开关的导通脉冲被跳过的定时有利地相对于彼此偏移，这有助于谐振槽保持在谐振模式中。虽然随机脉冲跳过（skipping）将是可能的，但是最好使用预定义的规则脉冲跳过模式，以便避免随机脉冲消除和次谐波输出电流变化。
本发明的目的还通过一种用于利用如之前所述的电动载具充电装置对电动载具充电的方法来解决，该方法包括以下步骤：
a）传达电动载具到达电动载具充电装置，和/或
b）将对电动载具充电所需的DC电压级别传达到电动载具充电装置，以及
c）根据对电动载具充电所需的DC电压级别，闭合和/或断开开关，以及
d）利用DC电压对电动载具充电装置充电。
该方法虑及预配置开关，使得一旦电动载具已经连接到电动载具充电装置，就可以立即开始利用合适的DC电压充电。由此，优选地通过无线通信方法，例如通过使用诸如WLAN、UMTS或LTE之类的无线通信标准来完成通信。优选地，电动载具将对电动载具的电池充电所期望的DC电压级别（例如最大电池电压）传达到电动载具充电装置。在DC电压级别不是预先已知的情况下，例如一旦电动载具已经建立与电动载具充电装置的电连接以便对电动载具充电，则可以动态地配置DC电压级别。例如，充电协议可以虑及来自电动载具充电装置的可用DC电压的这种动态变化，或者可以通过停止和开始充电来重新协商新的最大DC电压。
在进一步优选的实现中，该方法包括以下步骤：
c'）如果对电动载具充电所需的电压级别在电动载具充电装置处不可用，则将相应的消息传达到电动载具。该消息优选地以电子方式传达到电动载具，使得电动载具的驾驶员被告知在相应的电动载具充电装置处的充电不是可能的。
对于本领域技术人员而言，该方法的进一步实现和优点从如之前所述的电动载具充电装置中导出。
附图说明
本发明的这些和其他方面将从下文描述的实施例显而易见，并且将参考后文描述的实施例来阐明。
在附图中：
图1a采用示意图示出了根据本发明的示例性实现用于对电动载具充电的电动载具充电装置，
图1b采用示意图示出了根据本发明的进一步示例性实现用于对电动载具充电的电动载具充电装置，
图2采用示意图示出了根据本发明的更进一步示例性实现用于对电动载具充电的电动载具充电装置，以及
图3示出了图1至图2中所示的实现的示例性操作区域。
具体实施方式
图1a采用示意图示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例用于利用DC电压对电动载具1充电的电动载具充电装置。
电动载具充电装置包括谐振功率转换器2，其在下面关于图2更详细地描述。功率转换器2包括作为输入侧的AC侧3，其连接到电网4以便接收来自AC电网4的相应AC电压。功率转换器2的输出侧5连接到变压器7的初级侧6。变压器的次级侧8连接到全波整流器10的第一输入和次级输入9，该全波整流器10被提供为二极管全桥。
电动载具充电装置还包括具有相等电容的两个输出电容器11，其经由中心抽头13串联连接在相应的端抽头12之间。端抽头12经由充电线缆（未示出）电连接到电动载具1以便利用DC电压对电动载具1充电。如图1a中可以看到的那样，端抽头12各自连接到全波整流器10的相应的正输出和负输出14。
被提供为IGBT的电子开关15串联连接在全波整流器10的第一输入或次级输入9与中心抽头13之间以便使提供给电动载具1的DC电压加倍。备选地，开关15可以被提供为固定开关、被提供为继电器和/或被提供为MOSFET。如下文中更详细地解释的那样，电动载具充电装置适合于：根据对电动载具1充电所需的DC电压级别，闭合和/或断开开关15。
图1b中所示的实现除了提供具有相等电感的两个电感16之外，与如之前所述的图1a的实现相同，所述两个电感16串联连接在正输出和负输出14与相应的端抽头12之间。如图1b中所示的那样，两个电感16在相反方向上磁耦合。
图2示出了基于如之前所述的图1a中所示的实现的更进一步的实现。特别地，图2中所示的实现包括在AC相之间操作的并联的三个功率转换器2、三个变压器7、三个全波整流器10、三个输出电容器11和三个开关15，它们并联连接在相应的端抽头12处以便利用DC电压对电动载具1充电。
功率转换器2被提供为谐振功率转换器并且包括由电容组件Cr1、Cr2和电感组件Lr形成的谐振槽17、以及被提供为形成半桥18的IGBT的两个谐振开关Q1、Q2，两个谐振开关Q1、Q2被连接到谐振槽17。功率转换器2还包括并联连接到谐振开关Q1、Q2中的每个谐振开关的多个缓冲电容器Cs1、Cs2、以及控制器18，其适合于控制两个谐振开关Q1、Q2的接通和关断定时以便激励谐振槽17。
谐振开关Q1、Q2以从25kHz到50kHz的数量级的切换频率交替地断开和闭合以使得例如可以具有25kHz的谐振频率的谐振槽17振荡。谐振槽17的电容组件Cr1、Cr2由两个电容器Cr1、Cr2形成，正如开关Q1、Q2那样，两个电容器Cr1、Cr2相对于电感器Lr对称布置。
具有相等容量的两个电容器C2和C3串联连接，与谐振槽17并联。当谐振槽17振荡时，在将电感器Lr连接到电容器C2和C3的点处的电压将围绕由电容器C2和C3之间的中点定义的中心频率振荡。该电压驱动变压器7的初级侧6。
如之前所解释的那样，电子开关15根据对电动载具1充电所需的DC电压级别而切换，即，闭合或断开。用于闭合和/或断开开关15的DC电压级别信号可以由电动载具1生成和/或可以从控制中心19接收。因此，电动载具充电装置包括微处理器控制的控制装置20，其经由无线和/或有线连接可操作地连接到电动载具1和/或控制中心19。
如果电动载具1更靠近电动载具充电装置，则它经由无线连接，例如通过使用UMTS、LTE或WLAN通信协议，将包括对电动载具1充电所需的DC电压级别的DC电压级别信号传达到控制装置20，以便在充电之前预配置电动载具充电装置，例如以便供应最大充电电压。控制装置20在接收到DC电压级别信号时断开或闭合开关15，和/或如果电动载具充电装置已经被配置用于传递对电动载具充电所需的适当DC电压，则保持开关15不变。在经由充电线缆将电动载具1连接到电动载具充电装置时，电动载具1利用如此配置的DC电压级别充电。
备选地，如果电动载具1在充电之前经由充电线缆电连接到端抽头12，则包括所需DC电压级别的DC电压级别信号可以经由所建立的有线电连接发送到电动载具充电装置。如果电动载具充电装置不能提供对电动载具1充电所需的电压级别，则将相应的错误消息传达到电动载具1。
在对电动载具1充电期间，开关15可以断开或闭合。关于图2，如果存在多个开关15，则所述开关15可以在对电动载具1充电期间彼此独立地断开和/或闭合。例如，如果电流和/或电压的小下降是可接受的，则电动载具充电装置可以在开关15正被接合（即，闭合）的同时被关断短暂的时间段。备选地，如果转换器电流在正常主要时间段期间变为零，则该时刻可以用于切换开关15。
如果并联使用多个电动载具充电装置，则特定开关15的切换（switchover）可以与其他电动载具充电装置协调以隐藏下降，或者不同时进行转变。如果这种转变可以无缝地进行，则不需要通过直接通信来进行协调，这例如取决于在该时刻的实际DC电压。如果DC输出电压具有下降，则一些电动载具充电装置可以逐个切换，而该下降可以由剩余的电动载具充电装置来补偿。
进一步关于图2，其示出了具有在AC相之间操作的并联的三个转换器3的实现，电动载具充电装置充当功率因数校正器，其从AC电网4取得正弦电流并且将sin2电流输出为“固定”DC电压。因为AC电网4的三个相相移120度，所以每个电动载具充电装置传递变为零的正弦电流。这种零电流时刻对于切换开关15或启用开关15中的IGBT而言是理想的。因此，通过增加开关15并且将传统的输出电容器分成两个输出电容器11，扩展了电动载具充电装置的操作区域。
图3示出了图1至图2中所示的以及如之前所述的实现的示例性操作区域。纵坐标示出电流而横坐标示出DC电压。如可以看到的那样，操作区域在一半电流时使DC电压加倍。这意味着如果最大电流不够高，则部分期望区域可能不是可用的。在400V到500V DC电压区域的示例中，必须发生切换，这意味着电流首先必须匹配两者中的较低者，然后进行切换。在电压斜降（ramp-down）时，在切换之后更多的电流是可用的。
虽然在附图和前面的描述中已经详细地图示和描述了本发明，但是这样的图示和描述要被认为是说明性的或示例性的而非限制性的；本发明并不限于所公开的实施例。由本领域技术人员在实施要求保护的本发明时，根据对附图、本公开和所附权利要求书的研究，可以理解和实现对所公开的实施例的其他改变。在权利要求书中，词语“包括”不排除其他元件或步骤，并且不定冠词“一”或“一个”不排除多个。在相互不同的从属权利要求中叙述某些措施的单纯事实不指示这些措施的组合不能被有利地使用。权利要求中的任何参考符号不应被解释为限制范围。
参考符号列表
1 电动载具
2 转换器
3 AC侧、输入侧
4 AC电网
5 输出侧
6 初级侧
7 变压器
8 次级侧
9 次级输入
10 整流器
11 电容器
12 端抽头
13 中心抽头
14 正输出和负输出
15 开关
16 电感
17 谐振槽
18 控制器
19 控制中心
20 控制装置
Q1、2 谐振开关
CS1、2 缓冲电容器
Lr 电感组件
Cr1、2 电容器
C2、3 电容器

Claims (13)

1.用于利用DC电压对电动载具（1）充电的电动载具充电装置，包括：
功率转换器（2），所述功率转换器（2）具有输入侧（3）和输出侧（5），所述输入侧（3）适合于接收来自AC电网（4）的AC电压或来自DC电网的DC电压，
变压器（7），所述变压器（7）具有连接到所述输出侧（5）的初级侧（6）和次级侧（8），
全波整流器（10），所述全波整流器（10）具有连接到所述次级侧（8）的第一输入和次级输入（9）以及正输出和负输出（14），
至少两个输出电容器（11），所述至少两个输出电容器（11）经由中心抽头（13）串联连接在相应的端抽头（12）之间并且连接在所述正输出和负输出（14）之间，由此所述端抽头（12）适合于向所述电动载具（1）提供所述DC电压，以及
开关（15），所述开关（15）串联连接在所述第一输入或所述次级输入（9）与所述中心抽头（13）之间，并且由此
所述电动载具充电装置适合于：根据对所述电动载具（1）充电所需的DC电压级别，闭合和/或断开所述开关（15）。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的电动载具充电装置，包括控制装置（19），所述控制装置（19）适合于：根据从所述电动载具（1）和/或从控制中心（20）接收的DC电压级别信号，闭合和/或断开所述开关（15）。
3.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的电动载具充电装置，由此所述电动载具（1）经由电连接可电连接到所述端抽头（12），并且适合于经由所述电连接发送包括所述DC电压级别的DC电压级别信号。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的电动载具充电装置，由此所述电动载具充电装置适合于在对所述电动载具（1）充电期间闭合和/或断开所述开关（15）。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的电动载具充电装置，包括两个电感（16），每个电感串联连接在所述正输出和负输出（14）与所述相应的端抽头（12）之间。
6.根据前述权利要求所述的电动载具充电装置，由此所述两个电感（16）在相反方向上磁耦合。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的电动载具充电装置，包括在所述相应的端抽头（12）处并联连接的多个功率转换器（2）、变压器（7）、全波整流器（10）、输出电容器（11）和开关（15）以便利用所述DC电压对所述电动载具（1）充电。
8.根据前述权利要求所述的电动载具充电装置，由此所述电动载具充电装置适合于在对所述电动载具（1）充电期间彼此独立地闭合和/或断开所述开关（15）。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的电动载具充电装置，由此所述开关（15）被提供为固定开关、被提供为继电器和/或被提供为MOSFET。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的电动载具充电装置，由此所述全波整流器（10）被提供为二极管全桥。
11.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的电动载具充电装置，由此所述功率转换器（2）被提供为谐振功率转换器和/或包括：
由电容组件（Cr1、Cr2）和电感组件（Lr）形成的谐振槽（17），
连接到所述谐振槽（17）的至少两个谐振开关（Q1、Q2），
并联连接到所述谐振开关（Q1、Q2）中的每个谐振开关的多个缓冲电容器（Cs1、Cs2），以及
控制器（18），所述控制器（18）适合于控制所述至少两个开关的接通和断开定时以便激励所述谐振槽（14）。
12. 一种用于利用根据前述权利要求中的任一项的电动载具充电装置对电动载具充电的方法，包括以下步骤：
a）传达所述电动载具（1）到达所述电动载具充电装置，和/或
b）将对所述电动载具（1）充电所需的DC电压级别传达到所述电动载具充电装置，以及
c）根据对所述电动载具（1）充电所需的所述DC电压级别，闭合和/或断开所述开关（15），以及
d）利用所述DC电压对所述电动载具充电装置充电。
13.根据前述权利要求所述的方法，包括以下步骤：
c'）如果对所述电动载具（1）充电所需的所述电压级别在所述电动载具充电装置处不可用，则将相应的消息传达到所述电动载具（1）。
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