EP3641560A1 - Verfahren zum einfrieren und verfahren sowie vorrichtung zum trocknen von lebensmitteln, insbesondere von obst und gemüse - Google Patents
Verfahren zum einfrieren und verfahren sowie vorrichtung zum trocknen von lebensmitteln, insbesondere von obst und gemüseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3641560A1 EP3641560A1 EP18732290.4A EP18732290A EP3641560A1 EP 3641560 A1 EP3641560 A1 EP 3641560A1 EP 18732290 A EP18732290 A EP 18732290A EP 3641560 A1 EP3641560 A1 EP 3641560A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- food
- drying
- negative pressure
- freezing
- vegetables
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B7/024—Freeze-drying, i.e. cryodessication or lyophilisation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
- A23B7/0408—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the material being transported through or in the apparatus with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for freezing foods, in particular fruits and vegetables.
- the present invention further relates to a process for drying foods, in particular fruits and vegetables, wherein the food is subjected to a negative pressure and the food is deprived of water during the negative pressure.
- the present invention further relates to a device for drying food, in particular fruit and vegetables, comprising a vacuum chamber, a vacuum pump for generating a negative pressure in the vacuum chamber, and a condenser, which is connected via a closable valve with the vacuum chamber.
- the preservation of food for example by freezing or drying is known. Drying, ie dehydration, is one of the most important preservation processes in the food industry. Various processes are used for the drying, whereby conventional drying processes with a phase transition of the water with supply of thermal energy are widespread. However, these drying processes are very cost, energy and time consuming. In addition, the thermal load and the duration of the drying can have negative effects on the product quality and, for example, lead to loss of nutrients and flavorings or an undesirable discoloration of the food.
- the drying of fruits for example cereals takes place by means of freeze-drying.
- freeze-drying or lyophilization the drying takes place while bypassing the liquid state of matter.
- the drying is based on the physical process of sublimation, in which ice crystals are transferred directly without intermediate occurrence of a liquid phase in the gaseous state.
- the water-containing food to be dried is first frozen.
- the food is deprived of water by sublimation in the frozen state by applying a vacuum and applying thermal energy to the product under reduced pressure, which initiates the sublimation process.
- freeze-drying is particularly time-consuming and cost-intensive, so it is desirable to improve this process both in terms of freezing of the food and in terms of dehydration under reduced pressure.
- the present invention solves this problem by the above-mentioned method for freezing of food and by the aforementioned method for drying food in that the food is conditioned by applying an electric field.
- the above-mentioned device for drying food solves this problem in that it comprises at least one capacitor for generating an electric field.
- the freezing of foods, especially fruits and vegetables can be accelerated by the fact that the food is conditioned by applying an electric field.
- the applied electric field can in particular be a non-thermally acting electric field in which the upper energy limit is dimensioned such that substantially no heating of the food takes place in the sense of an ohmic heating.
- the conditioning of the food by applying an electric field not only leads to a faster and thus energy-saving freezing of the food, but surprisingly also promotes the withdrawal of water from the food under reduced pressure.
- the inventive method promotes the preservation of the original product quality and leads to a significant improvement in structural integrity by less shrinkage and less change in the bulk density of the products. In particular, it reduces shrinkage and results in better preservation of the color and texture of the food.
- the invention can be further improved by means of the following developments, which are advantageous in each case and can be combined with one another as desired, and advantageous embodiments. It has been shown that food can be dried in a particularly gentle and resource-saving manner by freezing the food before applying the negative pressure.
- the food can be cooled in one embodiment to below -18 ° C, which can be done in a simple manner in commercial freezers and a sufficiently low temperature, which allows a subsequent dehydration under vacuum, ie at reduced pressure.
- negative pressure and vacuum are used synonymously and are to be understood as meaning that the pressure is below a pressure of 1 bar, preferably below 0.1 bar.
- gentle preservation means that the foodstuff is preserved while substantially retaining essential product properties such as color, taste, odor and / or structure.
- the conditioning of the food according to the invention by applying an electric field has an advantageous effect on the drying of the food, especially when the water is removed from it by sublimation. In this way, so when drying as a freeze-drying, the food is very gently preserved. Vacuum drying or microwave vacuum drying is also possible.
- the foodstuffs are frozen.
- the conditioning of the food by applying an electric field may be performed prior to the freezing step.
- the device according to the invention may comprise, for example, at least two electrodes which are connected to a pulse generator.
- the electric field, in particular the electrical pulses can be generated both by direct contact of the capacitor or its electrodes with the food, as well as via conductive fluids, wherein the treated to leaking food is wholly or partly inserted into the conductive fluids.
- different electrode shapes can be used, for example plate, ring, grid hollow or flow electrodes.
- a pulse generator a high voltage pulse generator can be used, which generates electric fields in the form of short pulses in the micro-to millisecond range of a high voltage in the kilovolt range.
- the food can be conditioned with at least 2 electrical pulses, preferably 10 to 200 and more preferably 30 to 50 electrical pulses.
- an energy input of at least 0.15 kJ / kg can be made in the food.
- An energy input of this magnitude is sufficient to condition the food advantageously for a faster freezing or a more gentle and faster dehydration.
- the energy input can be adapted to the food to be treated. For example, energy inputs from 0.15 to 0.5 kJ / kg are sufficient for freezing or drying bananas. For the freezing or drying of harder foods, for example carrots, a higher energy input of more than 0.5 kJ / kg, in particular more than 1 kJ / kg, for example 1 to 5 kJ / kg, may be advantageous.
- the method according to the invention for freezing or drying food may further comprise a step of pre-dehydrating the food before the step of freezing or before or during dehydration under reduced pressure. It has surprisingly been found that conditioning the food by applying an electric field results in liquid exiting the cells and accumulating on the surface of the food. This liberated liquid can be pre-dehydrated, for example by blowing off, centrifuging, predrying or absorbing, for example by means of absorbing substances.
- the pre-dewatering step can be accelerated and made more effective, for example, by first partially dehydrating the food, for example by pressing it, and then releasing it Liquid is removed.
- the pre-dewatering step reduces the time required for the subsequent freezing of the food or drying during the vacuum.
- the food can first be conditioned by means of an electric field, then it is pre-dewatered, for example by means of a mechanical partial drainage with subsequent removal of the released liquid, for example by blowing off, centrifuging, pre-drying, absorbing, then exposed the food to a vacuum and withdrawn during the negative pressure, the residual water, for example in the context of a freeze-drying.
- the device according to the invention can, for example, have a pre-drainage device for removing liquids emerging from the food.
- the predewater may comprise a device for removing released liquids, for example a blowing device, a centrifuge, a dryer, a suction device and / or a liquid-absorbing substance.
- the pre-dewater may further comprise a mechanical dehydrator which acts mechanically on the food and releases cell liquid from the food.
- the mechanical Ambient camesserer may for example comprise a pressing device.
- the method according to the invention for freezing or drying foodstuffs may further comprise, prior to the step of freezing or drying, conditioning the foodstuff by applying an electric field, which conditioning enables absorption of substances into the foodstuff, in particular the foodstuffs cells Substances influence and / or stabilize the cell structure. Not only the structure of the food influencing / stabilizing substances, but any kind of additives can be added to the food before freezing or drying in this way and introduced into the cell structure. Conceivable, for example, additives that are added to the food to achieve chemical, physical or physiological effects.
- additives flavoring, coloring, odor, the use value and / or the nutritional value regulating, the utility value and / or the nutritional value stabilizing or an additive that ensures trouble-free processing of the food.
- Additives which regulate or stabilize the use or nutritional value include in particular additives which promote the chemical and microbial shelf life of processed foods.
- Additives which ensure trouble-free further processing of the food are, in particular, additives which maintain or improve the technological properties of the food, for example the improvement in baking ability, spreadability, free-flowability or machine suitability.
- the removal of water can save time and resources by the fact that a negative pressure of at least 3 mbar, preferably a negative pressure of 0.5 to 2 mbar is applied.
- dehydration can be carried out by sublimation at temperatures that are not too low on the one hand, thus eliminating unnecessary energy for overcooling the product, while at the same time being sufficiently low that the product can be reliably frozen and preserved.
- the methods according to the invention for freezing and drying foods can be used in particular for fresh foods, such as fresh fruits and vegetables. Under a fresh food is to understand a substantially untreated food, as it can also buy at a weekly market or in the supermarket.
- the temperature of the food is always below 40 ° C throughout the drying process.
- the temperature of the food during the drying process to the step of withdrawing the water is always below 30 ° C, preferably below room temperature (about 20 ° C) and more preferably below 10 ° C or refrigerator temperature, which corresponds to about 7 ° C.
- the temperature of the food during the entire drying process until dehydration is below or within the range of the temperature of the regular cold chain of the food. With dehydration, such as freeze-drying, the temperature may then rise.
- the product should have the shelf temperature at the end of the drying; if it is above 30 ° C., for example, the product should also have this temperature at the end.
- the food may be opened prior to conditioning.
- a hollow food is to be understood as meaning a food which comprises an air-filled cavity, as is the case, for example, with many pods, peppers or hot peppers, to name but a few.
- the process for drying food may include a post-drying step following the step of removing water during the vacuum.
- the post-drying step is an option when seeking a preserved food with minimal residual moisture.
- the post-drying can be carried out, for example, as desorption in order to remove absorptively bound water.
- the post-drying may, for example, at very low pressures of less than 0.01, preferably less than 0.001 mbar.
- auxiliaries for example desorbents can be used, as long as they are food-compatible and promote the post-drying process.
- the conditioning of the products also allows the introduction of substances that influence the drying process or the product properties of the dried products.
- the structure influencing substances such as calcium compounds to achieve a cure of the product structure, sugars for water binding and softening or other substances such as salts, thickeners or similar agents are advantageous here.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary method of freezing food according to an example embodiment
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary method for drying food according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method for drying food according to a further exemplary embodiment
- Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for
- FIG. 5 shows a comparative illustration of an untreated (left) with a (right) pepper treated according to the invention after freeze-drying
- Fig. 6 is a comparative representation of untreated (left) and treated according to the invention (right) carrot strips after freeze-drying;
- FIG. 7 shows the illustration of a comparative cross-section of an untreated (top) and an inventively treated (below) carrot after freeze-drying
- Fig. 8 is a comparative illustration of a frozen untreated (top) with an inventively frozen (below) carrot after freezing
- Fig. 9 is a comparative illustration of a carrot slice which has been subjected to an electric field with an untreated carrot slice.
- the method of freezing food involves a first step of conditioning the food by applying an electric field. It is then frozen in a second step. It has been shown that conditioning can be accelerated by applying an electric field, the freezing. For example, ice crystal formation occurs earlier in conditioned foods than in foods that have not been treated by an electric field. Also, the total freezing rate, ie the time required until the food has completely frozen through, is reduced when the method according to the invention is carried out.
- the food can be treated by means of electrical pulses.
- the food can be conditioned with at least 2 electrical pulses, preferably with 10 to 200 and particularly preferably with 30 to 50 electrical pulses.
- an electric field of 0.5 to 2 kV / cm is applied, an energy input of at least 0.15 kJ / kg is achieved.
- the inventively treated foods are especially fruits and vegetables, especially fresh fruits and vegetables as it is available at a weekly market or in the supermarket. If a hollow food, ie a food that comprises an air-filled cavity, such as paprika or hot peppers, is treated, the hollow food can be opened prior to conditioning in order to avoid a negative effect on the product properties. Air bubbles can cause flashovers when an electric field is applied.
- the inventive method for drying food, especially fruit and vegetables comprises the step of conditioning the food by applying a electric field.
- This step can essentially be carried out analogously to the application of an electric field, as described in connection with the method for freezing foods of the flow chart according to FIG. 1.
- the food After the food has been conditioned by applying an electric field, the food is subjected to a vacuum. Subsequently, the food is dried, so it is withdrawn during the negative pressure water.
- the drying can be done in particular by sublimation, a particularly gentle way of drying.
- the applied negative pressure may preferably be less than 3 mbar, preferably less than 1 mbar.
- the method according to the flow chart of FIG. 3 essentially corresponds to the method of the embodiment according to FIG. 2, but contains the additional step that the food is frozen before the application of the negative pressure.
- the food can be cooled to below -18 ° C for freezing, which can be done easily in a commercial freezer.
- the final drying step can be optimized and the residual moisture can be reduced to a minimum, so that the food is completely frozen before applying the negative pressure, that is, the water of the food is completely transferred not only externally, but also inside the food in the solid phase ,
- the product properties of the fresh foodstuff can be retained particularly well in the foodstuff to be preserved in that the temperature of the food during the entire drying process is below 30 ° C, preferably below room temperature and more preferably below 10 ° C.
- the cold chain of the food can not be interrupted when carrying out the methods according to the invention, which positively influences the product quality and promotes the preservation of the food.
- FIG. 1 An exemplary apparatus for drying food according to the method of the invention is shown by way of example in FIG.
- the device 1 shown in FIG. 2 for drying foodstuffs 2 shown by way of example as circles, comprises a vacuum chamber 3, a vacuum pump 4 for generating a food. terteils in the vacuum chamber 3, a condenser 5, which is connected via a closable valve 6 with the vacuum chamber 3.
- the device 1 further comprises a capacitor for generating an electric field in a conditioning chamber 8.
- the vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum chamber 3 via a suction line 9.
- the closable valve 6 is arranged in a connecting line 10, which fluidly connects the condenser 5 to the vacuum chamber 3.
- the capacitor 7 of the embodiment shown comprises electrodes 1 1, which are connected via power lines 12 to a voltage source 13.
- the two electrodes 1 1 of the capacitor 7 are arranged on opposite sides and parallel to each other. In such an electrode arrangement, a homogeneous electric field can be generated.
- other variants of the electrode arrangement are also conceivable, for example a coaxial or collinear arrangement.
- a pulse generator 29 for example, a high voltage pulse generator such as a Marx generator can be used with the electrical impulses of a high voltage in the kilovolt range with a short duration in the micro to millisecond range can be generated.
- the voltage source 13 is connected via a control line 14 to a central control unit 15, which controls the voltage source 13.
- the device 1 comprises a transport device 16, which feeds the food 2 to the conditioning chamber 8 and removes the conditioned food 2 from the conditioning chamber 8 and delivers it to the vacuum chamber 3.
- the transport device 16 is a conveyor belt 17, which is driven by a motor 18.
- the transport device 16 continuously conveys the food 2 through the conditioning chamber 8 between the electrodes 11.
- the food 2 is conditioned by applying an electric field.
- the transport of the food 2 can not be carried out continuously or intermittently.
- the motor 18 is connected via a motor control line 19 to the central control unit 15, so that the control unit 15 controls the transport speed of the transport device 16.
- the conditioned food 2 is transferred into the vacuum chamber 3, which is indicated in Fig. 4 by an arrow.
- the conditioned food 2 is subjected to a vacuum and then, preferably by sublimation, deprived of water, the food is thus freeze-dried.
- the food to be dried is first frozen. The water passes from the liquid to the solid state and is then transferred from the solid state directly into the gaseous state, it is sublimed.
- the vacuum chamber therefore comprises a cooling device 20, which lowers the temperature in the vacuum chamber, preferably to at least -18 ° C.
- the cooling device 20 is also connected in the embodiment shown via a cooling control line 21 to the central control unit 15 and is controlled by the latter.
- both the freezing and the exposure of the negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber 3 take place.
- a cooling device 20 and a separate vacuum chamber 3 may be provided to quickly freeze the food to the desired temperature.
- the vacuum chamber 3 is provided with a cooling device 20, which keeps the temperature in the vacuum chamber at a desired for sublimation low temperature, and in addition a further cooling chamber in which the conditioned food 2 are frozen quickly and energy efficient can, immediately before it is transferred to the vacuum chamber 3.
- the vacuum chamber further has a treatment surface 22 on which the food 2 is placed in the vacuum chamber 3.
- the treatment surface 22 is thermally coupled to a sublimation device 23, for example a sublimation heat exchanger 24, which supplies the food 2 with the thermal energy required for sublimation.
- the sublimation device 23 can also be connected to and controlled by the central control unit 15 via a sublimation control line 25.
- the condenser 5 is an apparatus in which the gaseous sublimated water, which has been removed from the food 2, is converted to the liquid state of matter.
- the condenser 5 may contain one or more cooling coils 26, which are filled with silicone oil, for example, and cool the water gas removed from the food 2.
- the remaining elements of the cooling circuit 27 of the condenser 5 are shown schematically as a block in FIG. 4. provides.
- the condenser 5 is also connected via a condenser control line 28 to the central control unit 15.
- the condenser 5 and the conditioning chamber 8 measuring devices such as thermometers and / or pressure gauges may be provided which the currently prevailing conditions in the corresponding Detect chamber and output to the control unit 15, which evaluates these measurements and controls the conditions in the chambers accordingly.
- the device according to the invention shown by way of example in FIG. 4 may comprise further components not shown in FIG. 4.
- the device may further include a pre-dehydrator interposed, for example, between the conditioning chamber and the vacuum chamber.
- the predewater the food leaving the conditioning chamber may be partially dewatered so that leaking cell liquid is removed before the food enters the vacuum chamber. This reduces the effective amount of fluid to be removed and speeds up the overall drying process.
- Experiment 1 Influence of conditioning by applying an electric field on the product quality Z quality of fruits and vegetables during the freezing process.
- the fruits and vegetables came from a local supermarket. This was freed of coarse dirt and thus prepared for further processing. Products that are hollow from the inside (such as peppers) were halved before PEF treatment, so that the air pockets did not cause rollovers.
- Banana 0.175 kJ / kg, 1.07 kV / cm; Pepper: 1, 0 kJ / kg, 1, 07 kV / cm; Carrot: 1 kJ / kg, 1, 07 kV / cm; Kiwi: 0.5 kJ / kg, 1.07 kV / cm; Strawberry: 0.5 kJ / kg, 0.25 kV / cm.
- both the treated and the untreated fruits and vegetables were cut into small pieces and placed on trays in single layers. These trays were then frozen in freezer (min -18 ° C) for several hours (until days) with the product.
- FIG. 9 the conditioning of foods by the application of an electric field can release cell liquid on the surface of the food.
- an untreated carrot slice is shown, on whose surface no liquid can be seen (left).
- the right carrot slice of Fig. 9 was conditioned by applying an electric field.
- the PEF treatment caused cell fluid to leak and attach to the Surface accumulates. This also explains why freezing on the carrots forms a complete layer of ice on the surface.
- Experiment 2 Influence of the conditioning of foods by applying an electric field on the product properties Z-quality during a drying process, here a freeze-drying process.
- the fruits and vegetables came from a local supermarket. This was freed of coarse dirt and thus prepared for further processing. Products that are hollow from the inside (such as peppers) were halved before PEF treatment, so that the air pockets did not cause rollovers.
- both the treated and the untreated fruits and vegetables were cut into small pieces and placed on trays in single layers. These trays have now been Frozen with the product in freezer (at least -18 ° C) for several hours (up to days). Crucial for the further process was that the samples were frozen through.
- the freeze-dried PEF-treated sample was significantly faster dry than the untreated control material. At the same time (15 h), it was still frozen or moist in the middle. Also visually, the two samples differed significantly from each other.
- the sample treated with PEF remained dimensionally stable over the entire course of drying and resembled the undried crude product, while the untreated sample shrank and collapsed during drying (see FIG. 5).
- the freeze-drying time of paprika could be reduced by 10 hours compared to the untreated reference material by the method according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017210327.2A DE102017210327A1 (de) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-06-20 | Verfahren zum Einfrieren und Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Lebensmitteln, insbesondere von Obst und Gemüse |
PCT/EP2018/065447 WO2018234090A1 (de) | 2017-06-20 | 2018-06-12 | Verfahren zum einfrieren und verfahren sowie vorrichtung zum trocknen von lebensmitteln, insbesondere von obst und gemüse |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3641560A1 true EP3641560A1 (de) | 2020-04-29 |
Family
ID=62683184
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18732290.4A Pending EP3641560A1 (de) | 2017-06-20 | 2018-06-12 | Verfahren zum einfrieren und verfahren sowie vorrichtung zum trocknen von lebensmitteln, insbesondere von obst und gemüse |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210153515A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3641560A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3069907A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017210327A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2019015514A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018234090A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021107853A1 (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-03 | Optifreeze Ab | Pef system for the treatment of biological material |
DE102019219928A1 (de) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-17 | Deutsches Institut Für Lebensmitteltechnik E.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Proteinmasse |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2472794A (en) * | 1944-09-15 | 1949-06-14 | M W Engleman | Removal of surface moisture from wet articles |
US7993693B2 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2011-08-09 | Frito-Lay Trading Company Gmbh | Process for making a healthy snack food |
EP2543254A1 (de) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-09 | Nestec S.A. | Verfahren zur Behandlung gepulster elektrischer Felder und mit dem Verfahren hergestelltes Milchprodukt enthaltend bioaktiven Molekülen |
PL2883461T3 (pl) * | 2013-12-11 | 2018-04-30 | Deutsches Institut Für Lebensmitteltechnik E.V. | Sposób wytwarzania aktywnej folistatyny |
CN103988891A (zh) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-08-20 | 太原理工大学 | 一种提高果蔬真空冷冻干燥速率的方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-06-20 DE DE102017210327.2A patent/DE102017210327A1/de active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-06-12 MX MX2019015514A patent/MX2019015514A/es unknown
- 2018-06-12 WO PCT/EP2018/065447 patent/WO2018234090A1/de unknown
- 2018-06-12 CA CA3069907A patent/CA3069907A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-06-12 EP EP18732290.4A patent/EP3641560A1/de active Pending
- 2018-06-12 US US16/618,212 patent/US20210153515A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3069907A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
MX2019015514A (es) | 2020-09-10 |
US20210153515A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
DE102017210327A1 (de) | 2018-12-20 |
WO2018234090A1 (de) | 2018-12-27 |
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