EP3631089B1 - Method for laying a rail of a railway line - Google Patents

Method for laying a rail of a railway line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3631089B1
EP3631089B1 EP18725842.1A EP18725842A EP3631089B1 EP 3631089 B1 EP3631089 B1 EP 3631089B1 EP 18725842 A EP18725842 A EP 18725842A EP 3631089 B1 EP3631089 B1 EP 3631089B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
heating
heating zone
burners
zone
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EP18725842.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3631089A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Piguet
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Matisa Materiel Industriel SA
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Matisa Materiel Industriel SA
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Publication of EP3631089A1 publication Critical patent/EP3631089A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B31/00—Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
    • E01B31/02—Working rail or other metal track components on the spot
    • E01B31/18—Reconditioning or repairing worn or damaged parts on the spot, e.g. applying inlays, building-up rails by welding; Heating or cooling of parts on the spot, e.g. for reducing joint gaps, for hardening rails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B29/00—Laying, rebuilding, or taking-up tracks; Tools or machines therefor
    • E01B29/16—Transporting, laying, removing, or replacing rails; Moving rails placed on sleepers in the track
    • E01B29/17—Lengths of rails assembled into strings, e.g. welded together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2201/00—Fastening or restraining methods
    • E01B2201/02—Fastening or restraining methods by wedging action
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B29/00—Laying, rebuilding, or taking-up tracks; Tools or machines therefor
    • E01B29/16—Transporting, laying, removing, or replacing rails; Moving rails placed on sleepers in the track
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B29/00—Laying, rebuilding, or taking-up tracks; Tools or machines therefor
    • E01B29/42—Undetachably joining or fastening track components in or on the track, e.g. by welding, by gluing; Pre-assembling track components by gluing; Sealing joints with filling components
    • E01B29/44—Methods for effecting joining of rails in the track, e.g. taking account of ambient temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for laying a railway track, comprising heating the rail, and to a work train for the implementation of such a method of laying.
  • the rails of the railway tracks are subject to significant temperature variations depending on the seasons and weather conditions.
  • the rails tend to lengthen, to expand, under the effect of a rise in temperature, and, conversely, to contract under the effect of a drop in temperature.
  • the rails are laid continuously and therefore cannot vary in length under the effect of temperature variations.
  • the rails are fixed to the track at an average so-called “neutral” temperature, the value of which differs depending on the climatic region.
  • neutral temperature the value of which differs depending on the climatic region.
  • the rails Under the effect of an ambient temperature higher than the annual average, the rails, unable to expand, undergo a compressive force tending to push the track out of its way.
  • the rails, unable to contract are subjected to a tensile force tending to pull the track out of its path.
  • a continuous rail heating solution used to date uses induction technology. This method makes it possible to obtain sufficiently precise heating to guarantee the laying of the rails within the required tolerance of the “neutral” temperature. We can then speak of fine direct thermal neutralization. But the equipment necessary for the intervention is relatively complex, since it requires a power generator, as well as cooling of the power circuits, the generator and the inductors.
  • a thermal "pre-neutralization” procedure which consists in bringing the rail, before its attachment to the sleepers, to a temperature sufficiently close to the "neutral” temperature of the place. , without guaranteeing that the “neutral” temperature will be reached.
  • the advantage of such a “pre-neutralization” is to immediately allow movement at a speed of the order of 80 km/h instead of 50 km/h, pending the final mechanical neutralization operations described previously.
  • One method for carrying out this thermal pre-neutralization consists of spraying the rails with hot water, a solution that nevertheless has operational disadvantages, particularly in terms of efficiency and water routing and evacuation, which reduce his interest.
  • the invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the state of the art and to propose a mode of heating which is effective in terms of efficiency, reliability and operating quality.
  • the radiation essentially in the infrared spectrum, ensures excellent heating efficiency, with low heat loss.
  • the radiation is not influenced by wind or other climatic parameters.
  • the perforations are useful for optimizing the heating of the radiant bodies, but must not lead to a predominance of convection in the heat transfer to the rail portion.
  • the heating power will have to be modulated according to the external conditions to obtain a desired setpoint temperature for the rail.
  • one or more combustion parameters from among the following supply parameters of one or more modulated burners from among the gas burner(s) are modulated according to one or more control parameters: fuel flow rate, oxidant flow rate, flow rate of an oxidizing combustible mixture.
  • the gas burner or burners comprise at least two burners, preferably at least four burners, and the number of burners activated is modulated according to one or more control parameters. Provision may in particular be made for the gas burner(s) to comprise at least one pair of adjacent gas burners located one behind the other in the laying direction and/or for the burner(s) to comprise at least one pair of opposite burners , located on either side of a median plane of the heating zone parallel to the laying direction.
  • the portion of the rail located in the heating zone is raised relative to the track, and in that the portion of the rail is positioned after supplying the heat to the sleeper before fixing the portion of the rail on the sleeper.
  • Raising the portion of the rail in the heating zone makes it possible to surround the rail better by heating it not only from above, but also from the sides, and if necessary from below, either by direct radiation from the radiant body(s) , or by indirect radiation, coming from the radiating bodies, but reflected by a wall of the heating zone, to standardize the heat supply on the periphery of the portion of the rail and minimize the losses.
  • the fact that the heating zone is remote from the track, and in particular from the sleepers makes it possible to implement, if necessary, a high heating power, without risk to the track.
  • the portion of the rail located in the heating zone is placed on the track. It must then be ensured that the heat input is directed essentially towards the rail, to minimize the heat input to the other elements of the track.
  • the movement of the work train in the laying direction is carried out without stopping.
  • the laying method according to the invention can be implemented in particular for a first laying of a new track, or for a renewal or a renovation.
  • the latter relates to a process for renewing or renovating a railway line, comprising, in particular, removal of an old rail, and installation of a new or renovated rail, the installation being carried out according to the installation process described above.
  • the latter relates to a rail work train for the implementation of the method as described previously.
  • the work train comprises means for lifting the portion of the rail located in the heating zone relative to the track, and means for positioning the portion of the rail after heat has been applied to the sleeper before fixing the portion of the rail on the sleeper.
  • raising the portion of the rail in the heating zone makes it possible to surround the rail better by heating it not only from above, but also from the sides, and if necessary from below, i.e. by direct radiation from the radiating body or bodies, or by indirect radiation, coming from the radiating bodies, but reflected by a wall of the heating zone, to standardize the heat input on the periphery of the portion of the rail and minimize losses .
  • the fact that the heating zone is far of the track, and in particular of the sleepers, makes it possible to implement high heating power, if necessary, without risk to the track.
  • the heating device comprises one or more heating modules, each heating module comprising a heating zone, one or more gas burners, and one or more radiant bodies interposed between the gas burner(s) of the heating module and the heating zone of the heating module.
  • the heating module(s) comprise at least one guided heating module which is provided with guide means for guiding the portion of the rail in the heating zone of the guided heating module, the guide means preferably comprising rollers rolling on the portion of the rail, the rollers preferably supporting the guided heating module.
  • FIG. 1 an overall view of a railway track renewal site 2 is shown in which, by means of a work train 4 (partially shown), the old rails 6 are removed (front sector) and old sleepers 8 and their replacement with new sleepers 10 and new rails 12 , all continuously as the train advances in the laying direction 100 .
  • the works train 4 comprises wagons 16 resting on bogies 18 , 20 running on the old rails 6 in the front part of the works train 4 and on the new rails 12 in the rear part of the works train 4 .
  • a middle part of the work train 4 rests on caterpillars 22 which, in the absence of rails on track 2 in this part of the site, run directly on the old sleepers 8 before they are removed.
  • pre-release an average temperature of the place of installation
  • the new or renovated section of rail to be laid 12 is brought to a set temperature in a conditioning zone 28 located in front of and close to its fixing zone 30 on one or more sleepers 10 .
  • this adjustment includes heating of the rail, the conditioning zone 28 being then a heating zone.
  • the heating device 32 comprises at least one heating module 34 comprising at least one, preferably at least two, and in a particularly preferential manner, as illustrated in the picture 3 , at least four heating units 36 , delimiting an elongated heating zone 28 located at a distance from the track and oriented along the laying direction 100 of the work train 4 and open at a front end 38 and at a rear end 40 .
  • the four heating units 36 are arranged laterally on either side of the heating zone, two closer to the inlet and the other two closer to the outlet.
  • Each heating unit 36 comprises a unit of one or more burners 42 and a radiant body 44 , interposed between the burner or burners 42 and the heating zone 28 .
  • the radiant body 44 is preferably perforated by orifices 46 opening into the heating zone 28 , and which can be arranged either facing the burners 42 , or offset with respect to the latter.
  • Guide means 48 are provided at the inlet 38 and at the outlet 40 of the heating zone 28 of the heating device to ensure the guidance of the rail 12 in the heating zone 28 .
  • the portion of the rail 12 passing through the heating zone 28 is raised, that is to say located vertically at a distance above its final position at the end of the laying process.
  • the heating device may itself be provided with one or more actuators 50 or with a passive positioning mechanism to ensure its correct positioning with respect to the rail 12 , and to compensate for variations in the positioning of the work train 4 with respect to the desired trajectory of the track.
  • the guide means 48 include rollers rolling on the rail 12 and supporting the heating unit 36 if necessary.
  • Pyrometers 52 are positioned at the entrance 38 of the heating zone 28 , inside the heating zone 28 and at the exit 40 of the heating zone 28, and if necessary directly close to the heating zone. fixing 30 . These pyrometers 52 are connected to a control unit 54 illustrated in the figure 5 , which receives signals from other sensors 56 such as, for example: a speed sensor of the work train 4 , a speed sensor of the rail to be fixed, an ambient temperature sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and/or an ambient humidity sensor.
  • sensors 56 such as, for example: a speed sensor of the work train 4 , a speed sensor of the rail to be fixed, an ambient temperature sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and/or an ambient humidity sensor.
  • the control unit 54 is thus able to measure, estimate or calculate one or more of the following parameters: a temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed before heating, a temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed after heating, a temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed during heating, an outside ambient temperature, a speed of movement of the work train 4 , a speed of movement of the rail relative to the heating device, a quantity of heat transmitted to the portion of the rail by the heating device.
  • control unit 54 contains in memory a setpoint temperature which may have been entered or programmed, and is representative of the "pre-release” or “release” temperature sought in the fixing zone 30 , this which allows, where appropriate, a determination of a difference between the setpoint temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed before heating, of a difference between the setpoint temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed after heating, or a difference between the setpoint temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed during heating.
  • control unit 54 is connected to proportional solenoid valves 58 to modulate the flow of oxidizer and/or fuel to supply the burners, as well as to igniters to control the ignition of the burners and to solenoid valves proportional 60 , 62 to control the general fuel gas supply from a gas tank 64 and combustion gas from a compressor 66 .
  • each heating unit relatively continuously in terms of heating power, over a range around a nominal value, for example between 50% and 150% of the nominal value, by varying the flow rate of the oxidizer and /or fuel at the level of the solenoid valves 58 , 60 , 62 . Outside this modulation range, greater variations can be obtained by proceeding to the complete extinction of certain heating units 36 , or to their ignition.
  • the rail to be fixed 12 moves, relative to the heating device 28 , in the opposite direction, and is guided so that at each instant a raised portion of the rail to be fixed 12 crosses the heating zone 28 .
  • the positioning of the heating device is adjusted using the actuators 50 or the positioning mechanism. It is ensured that the radiating bodies 44 are close to the portion of the rail to be fixed 12 , preferably at a distance less than 20cm, preferably less than 10cm.
  • the control unit 54 determines by a calculation algorithm, as a function of all or part of the parameters discussed above, the number of burners 42 and/or the flow rate of oxidant and/or fuel necessary for heating the rail to be fixed 12 .
  • the gas burner or burners 42 are powered so that at least 75 %, and preferably at least 80 %, and preferably at least 85 % of the heat is transmitted to the rail by radiation from the body or bodies. heaters 44 and that no flame emerges from the orifices 46 in the heating zone 28 .
  • the orifices 46 thus have the sole function of causing rapid and uniform heating of the radiating bodies 44 .
  • the movement of the work train in the laying direction is carried out without stopping, at a speed in practice greater than 30 mm/s, preferably greater than 100 mm/s.
  • the number of heating units 36 and their positioning in each heating module 34 can vary. It is advantageous to have at least two heating units 36 facing each other on either side of the heating zone 28 (as illustrated in the figures 3 and 4 ) or, more generally, radiating into the heating zone from different angles. It is possible in particular to take advantage of the lifting of the portion of the rail 12 passing through the heating zone 28 to direct at least part of the thermal radiation so as to reach the lower face of the rail. In this regard, layouts with three heating units distributed at 120° ( figure 6 ) or four heating units distributed at 90° ( figure 7 ) around the heating zone are perfectly possible. One can also provide, to distribute the heat on the periphery of the rail, reflective surfaces 68 delimiting part of the heating zone 28 ( figure 8 ).
  • heating units 36 arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction of advancement of the vehicle, as illustrated in the picture 3 , or even several heating modules 34 as illustrated in the figure 2 , to allow gradual heating in several stages.
  • the heating modules 34 located in a row can be directly adjacent or separated by an isothermal insulation section. They can also be separated by a stretch in the open air.
  • the heating module(s) 34 can be suspended from a supporting structure of one of the wagons of the middle portion of the work train 4 . They can also be supported independently by wheels or tracks advancing on the track, if necessary connected by couplings in the open air.
  • only some of the gas burners 42 can be equipped with a modulating solenoid valve 58.
  • the solenoid valves 58 are not proportional, but operate in all or nothing, to turn off or turn on the heating units 36 in number corresponding to the needs.
  • the solenoid valves 60 , 62 for the general fuel and oxidant supply are proportional, to ensure a certain continuity of variation, or that they are themselves all or nothing, in which case the modulation of the heat supplied takes place only in stages, by changing the number of heating units 36 supplied.
  • a pulsed mode of operation in which some of the gas burners 42 are ignited intermittently.
  • articulating the heating units 36 so as to be able to move them quickly away from the heating zone 28 when it is desired to reduce the quantity of heat transmitted to the rail to be laid 12 .
  • the heating units use the ambient air as oxidant, only the flow of fuel being modulated.
  • the solenoid valve 62 and the compressor 66 are omitted.
  • the combustible gas is a fuel of the propane or LPG type.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented either for thermal pre-neutralization, or even for direct fine thermal neutralization.
  • the heating operation of the rail to be fixed 12 can take place while the rail to be fixed 12 is already placed on the sleepers.
  • the method of heating the rails which was described previously for a renovation of the railway track with replacement of the rails, also applies to a renovation of the track with the replacement of the old rails, or for an initial laying.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
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Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de pose d'un rail de voie ferrée, comportant un chauffage du rail, et à un train de travaux pour la mise en œuvre d'un tel procédé de pose.The invention relates to a method for laying a railway track, comprising heating the rail, and to a work train for the implementation of such a method of laying.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART

Les rails des voies ferroviaires sont soumis à d'importantes variations de température selon les saisons et les conditions météorologiques. Les rails tendent à s'allonger, à se dilater, sous l'effet d'une hausse de température, et, à l'inverse, à se contracter sous l'effet d'une chute de température.The rails of the railway tracks are subject to significant temperature variations depending on the seasons and weather conditions. The rails tend to lengthen, to expand, under the effect of a rise in temperature, and, conversely, to contract under the effect of a drop in temperature.

De nos jours, les rails sont posés de façon continue et ne peuvent donc pas varier de longueur sous l'effet des variations de température. Les rails sont fixés sur la voie à une température moyenne dite « neutre », dont la valeur diffère selon les régions climatiques. Sous l'effet d'une température ambiante supérieure à la moyenne annuelle, les rails, ne pouvant se dilater, subissent une force de compression tendant à pousser la voie hors de son chemin. À l'inverse, sous l'effet d'une température ambiante inférieure à la moyenne annuelle, les rails, ne pouvant se contracter, subissent une force de traction tendant à tirer la voie hors de son chemin.Nowadays, the rails are laid continuously and therefore cannot vary in length under the effect of temperature variations. The rails are fixed to the track at an average so-called “neutral” temperature, the value of which differs depending on the climatic region. Under the effect of an ambient temperature higher than the annual average, the rails, unable to expand, undergo a compressive force tending to push the track out of its way. Conversely, under the effect of an ambient temperature lower than the annual average, the rails, unable to contract, are subjected to a tensile force tending to pull the track out of its path.

Lorsque l'on ne maîtrise pas la température du rail lors de la pose, il est nécessaire de procéder à des opérations dites de « neutralisation » mécanique après la pose, et de limiter la vitesse de circulation tant que ces opérations ne sont pas finalisées. La neutralisation mécanique consiste à couper une tranche du rail dont l'épaisseur est fonction d'une différence constatée entre la température au moment de l'intervention et la température « neutre » du lieu, à déboulonner le rail et à le tendre pour combler l'espace laissé par la tranche découpée, avant de reboulonner et le cas échéant de ressouder le rail. Tant que cette opération de neutralisation n'est pas intervenue, la vitesse de circulation sur la voie doit être limitée, le plus souvent à 50 km/h. On comprend qu'une telle organisation des travaux provoque des perturbations importantes du trafic, tant durant l'intervention de neutralisation que durant la phase précédente, entre la pose du rail et la neutralisation.When the temperature of the rail is not controlled during installation, it is necessary to carry out so-called mechanical “neutralization” operations after installation, and to limit the speed of movement until these operations are finalized. Mechanical neutralization consists of cutting a section of the rail whose thickness depends on a difference observed between the temperature at the time of the intervention and the "neutral" temperature of the place, unbolting the rail and stretching it to fill the gap. space left by the cut edge, before rebolting and, if necessary, rewelding the rail. As long as this neutralization operation has not taken place, the speed of movement on the track must be limited, most often to 50 km/h. It is understood that such an organization of work causes disruptions traffic, both during the neutralization intervention and during the previous phase, between the laying of the rail and the neutralization.

Une fixation directe des rails chauffés en continu à une valeur proche ou égale à la température « neutre » permet d'atteindre les meilleurs résultats en termes de minimisation des perturbations de trafic.Direct fixing of the rails which are continuously heated to a value close to or equal to the "neutral" temperature makes it possible to achieve the best results in terms of minimizing traffic disturbances.

Une solution de chauffe continue des rails exploitée à ce jour fait appel à la technologie de l'induction. Cette méthode permet d'obtenir des chauffes suffisamment précises pour garantir la pose des rails dans la tolérance exigée de la température « neutre ». On peut alors parler de neutralisation thermique directe fine. Mais le matériel nécessaire à l'intervention est relativement complexe, puisqu'il nécessite un générateur de puissance, ainsi qu'un refroidissement des circuits de puissance, du générateur et des inducteurs.A continuous rail heating solution used to date uses induction technology. This method makes it possible to obtain sufficiently precise heating to guarantee the laying of the rails within the required tolerance of the “neutral” temperature. We can then speak of fine direct thermal neutralization. But the equipment necessary for the intervention is relatively complex, since it requires a power generator, as well as cooling of the power circuits, the generator and the inductors.

Pour les chantiers nécessitant une stabilisation ultérieure du ballast, il a été proposé une procédure de « pré-neutralisation » thermique, qui consiste à amener le rail, avant sa fixation aux traverses, à une température suffisamment proche de la température « neutre » du lieu, sans pour autant garantir l'atteinte de la température « neutre ». L'intérêt d'une telle « pré-neutralisation » est de permettre immédiatement une circulation à une vitesse de l'ordre de 80 km/h au lieu de 50 km/h, en attendant les opérations de neutralisation finale mécanique décrites précédemment. Une méthode pour effectuer cette pré-neutralisation thermique consiste à arroser les rails avec de l'eau chaude, solution présentant néanmoins des inconvénients d'exploitation, notamment en termes de rendement et d'acheminement et d'évacuation de l'eau, qui réduisent son intérêt.For sites requiring subsequent stabilization of the ballast, a thermal "pre-neutralization" procedure has been proposed, which consists in bringing the rail, before its attachment to the sleepers, to a temperature sufficiently close to the "neutral" temperature of the place. , without guaranteeing that the “neutral” temperature will be reached. The advantage of such a “pre-neutralization” is to immediately allow movement at a speed of the order of 80 km/h instead of 50 km/h, pending the final mechanical neutralization operations described previously. One method for carrying out this thermal pre-neutralization consists of spraying the rails with hot water, a solution that nevertheless has operational disadvantages, particularly in terms of efficiency and water routing and evacuation, which reduce his interest.

Par ailleurs, il a été proposé dans le document US6308635 de procéder à un chauffage du rail déjà posé au sol à l'aide d'un module de chauffage à gaz comportant un générateur d'air chaud pour chauffer le rail par convection. Ce chauffage convectif peut être supplémenté par un chauffage radiant obtenu par des panneaux radiants placés entre les brûleurs et la portion du rail chauffée, les panneaux radiants étant perforés de manière à permettre aux flammes de les traverser pour pénétrer dans la chambre de chauffage où se trouve la portion de rail à chauffer. Mais un tel mode de chauffage, essentiellement convectif et accessoirement radiant, est délicat à maîtriser, notamment parce qu'il dépend des courants d'air.Furthermore, it was proposed in the document US6308635 to heat the rail already placed on the ground using a gas heating module comprising a hot air generator to heat the rail by convection. This convective heating can be supplemented by radiant heating obtained by radiant panels placed between the burners and the heated portion of the rail, the radiant panels being perforated so as to allow the flames to pass through them to enter the heating chamber where the heater is located. the portion of rail to be heated. But such a mode of heating, essentially convective and incidentally radiant, is difficult to control, in particular because it depends on air currents.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique et à proposer un mode de chauffage qui soit performant en termes de rendement, de fiabilité, et de qualité d'exploitation.The invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the state of the art and to propose a mode of heating which is effective in terms of efficiency, reliability and operating quality.

Pour ce faire est proposé, selon un premier aspect de l'invention, un procédé de pose d'un rail d'une voie ferrée à l'aide d'un train de travaux comportant au moins un dispositif de chauffage comportant au moins une zone de chauffage, un ou plusieurs brûleurs à gaz, et un ou plusieurs corps radiants interposés entre le ou les brûleurs à gaz et la zone de chauffage, le ou les corps radiants étant perforés par des orifices débouchant dans la zone de chauffage, procédé suivant lequel :

  • on déplace le train de travaux dans une direction de pose, de manière qu'à chaque instant une portion du rail traverse la zone de chauffage ;
  • on apporte de la chaleur à la portion du rail traversant la zone de chauffage à l'aide du dispositif de chauffage, en alimentant le ou les brûleurs à gaz de sorte qu'aucune flamme n'émerge des orifices dans la zone de chauffage et qu'au moins 75%, et de préférence au moins 80%, et de préférence au moins 85% de la chaleur apportée à la portion du rail soit transmise par radiation du ou des corps radiants ;
  • on fixe la portion du rail après apport de la chaleur sur une traverse de la voie ferrée située derrière la zone de chauffage dans la direction de pose.
To do this is proposed, according to a first aspect of the invention, a method for laying a rail of a railway track using a work train comprising at least one heating device comprising at least one zone heater, one or more gas burners, and one or more radiant bodies interposed between the gas burner(s) and the heating zone, the radiant body(s) being perforated by orifices opening into the heating zone, a method according to which :
  • the work train is moved in a laying direction, so that at each instant a portion of the rail passes through the heating zone;
  • the portion of the rail passing through the heating zone is supplied with heat by means of the heating device, by supplying the gas burner or burners so that no flame emerges from the orifices in the heating zone and that at least 75%, and preferably at least 80%, and preferably at least 85% of the heat supplied to the portion of the rail is transmitted by radiation from the radiating body or bodies;
  • the portion of the rail is fixed after supplying the heat to a sleeper of the railway located behind the heating zone in the direction of laying.

Le rayonnement, essentiellement dans le spectre infrarouge, assure un excellent rendement de chauffage, avec une faible déperdition. Le rayonnement n'est pas influencé par le vent ou d'autres paramètres climatiques.The radiation, essentially in the infrared spectrum, ensures excellent heating efficiency, with low heat loss. The radiation is not influenced by wind or other climatic parameters.

Les perforations sont utiles pour optimiser le chauffage des corps radiants, mais ne doivent pas conduire à une prédominance de la convection dans le transfert thermique à la portion de rail.The perforations are useful for optimizing the heating of the radiant bodies, but must not lead to a predominance of convection in the heat transfer to the rail portion.

Naturellement, la puissance de chauffe devra être modulée en fonction des conditions extérieures pour obtenir une température de consigne souhaitée pour le rail.Naturally, the heating power will have to be modulated according to the external conditions to obtain a desired setpoint temperature for the rail.

Suivant un mode de réalisation, l'on module, en fonction d'un ou plusieurs paramètres de commande, un ou plusieurs paramètres de combustion parmi les paramètres suivants d'alimentation d'un ou plusieurs brûleurs modulés parmi le ou les brûleurs à gaz : débit de combustible, débit de comburant, débit d'un mélange combustible comburant.According to one embodiment, one or more combustion parameters from among the following supply parameters of one or more modulated burners from among the gas burner(s) are modulated according to one or more control parameters: fuel flow rate, oxidant flow rate, flow rate of an oxidizing combustible mixture.

Suivant un autre mode de réalisation, le ou les brûleurs à gaz comportent au moins deux brûleurs, de préférence au moins quatre brûleurs, et l'on module le nombre de brûleurs activés en fonction d'un ou plusieurs paramètres de commande. On pourra notamment prévoir que le ou les brûleurs à gaz comportent au moins une paire de brûleurs à gaz adjacents situés l'un derrière l'autre dans la direction de pose et/ou que le ou les brûleurs comportent au moins une paire de brûleurs opposés, situés de part et d'autre d'un plan médian de la zone de chauffage parallèle à la direction de pose.According to another embodiment, the gas burner or burners comprise at least two burners, preferably at least four burners, and the number of burners activated is modulated according to one or more control parameters. Provision may in particular be made for the gas burner(s) to comprise at least one pair of adjacent gas burners located one behind the other in the laying direction and/or for the burner(s) to comprise at least one pair of opposite burners , located on either side of a median plane of the heating zone parallel to the laying direction.

De préférence, le ou les paramètres de commande incluent un ou plusieurs des paramètres mesurés ou estimés suivants : une température de la portion du rail avant le chauffage, une température de la portion du rail après le chauffage, une température de la portion du rail durant le chauffage, une température ambiante extérieure, une vitesse de déplacement du train de travaux, une vitesse de déplacement du rail par rapport au dispositif de chauffage, une durée de chauffage, un écart entre une température de consigne et une température mesurée de la portion du rail avant chauffage, un écart entre une température de consigne et une température mesurée de la portion du rail après chauffage, un écart entre une température de consigne et une température mesurée de la portion du rail durant l'apport de la chaleur, une humidité ambiante, ou une vitesse de vent. On pourra notamment prévoir une ou plusieurs de modalités suivantes :

  • on mesure au moins une température de la portion du rail après l'apport de chaleur à l'aide d'un pyromètre disposé au niveau d'une zone de sortie de la zone de chauffage ou derrière la zone de chauffage dans la direction de pose ;
  • on mesure au moins une température de la portion du rail avant l'apport de chaleur à l'aide d'un pyromètre disposé au niveau d'une zone d'entrée de la zone de chauffage ou devant la zone de chauffage dans la direction de pose ;
  • on mesure au moins une température de la portion du rail durant l'apport de chaleur à l'aide d'un pyromètre disposé à l'intérieur de la zone de chauffage.
Preferably, the control parameter(s) include(s) one or more of the following measured or estimated parameters: a temperature of the portion of the rail before heating, a temperature of the portion of the rail after heating, a temperature of the portion of the rail during heating, an outside ambient temperature, a speed of movement of the work train, a speed of movement of the rail relative to the heating device, a heating time, a difference between a setpoint temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail before heating, a difference between a set temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail after heating, a difference between a set temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail during the supply of heat, a humidity ambient, or wind speed. In particular, one or more of the following methods may be provided:
  • at least one temperature of the portion of the rail is measured after the supply of heat using a pyrometer arranged at the level of an exit zone of the heating zone or behind the heating zone in the direction of laying ;
  • at least one temperature of the portion of the rail before the heat supply is measured using a pyrometer placed at the level of an entrance zone of the heating zone or in front of the heating zone in the direction of posing;
  • at least one temperature of the portion of the rail is measured during the supply of heat using a pyrometer placed inside the heating zone.

Suivant un mode particulièrement avantageux, la portion du rail située dans la zone de chauffage est soulevée par rapport à la voie, et en ce que l'on positionne la portion du rail après apport de la chaleur sur la traverse avant de fixer la portion du rail sur la traverse. Le soulèvement de la portion du rail dans la zone de chauffage permet de mieux entourer le rail en le chauffant non seulement par le dessus, mais également par les côtés, et le cas échéant par le dessous, soit par rayonnement direct du ou des corps radiants, soit par rayonnement indirect, en provenance des corps radiants, mais réfléchi par une paroi de la zone de chauffage, pour uniformiser l'apport de chaleur sur le pourtour de la portion du rail et minimiser les pertes. Le fait que la zone de chauffage soit éloignée de la voie, et notamment des traverses, permet de mettre en œuvre le cas échéant une puissance de chauffage élevée, sans risque pour la voie.According to a particularly advantageous mode, the portion of the rail located in the heating zone is raised relative to the track, and in that the portion of the rail is positioned after supplying the heat to the sleeper before fixing the portion of the rail on the sleeper. Raising the portion of the rail in the heating zone makes it possible to surround the rail better by heating it not only from above, but also from the sides, and if necessary from below, either by direct radiation from the radiant body(s) , or by indirect radiation, coming from the radiating bodies, but reflected by a wall of the heating zone, to standardize the heat supply on the periphery of the portion of the rail and minimize the losses. The fact that the heating zone is remote from the track, and in particular from the sleepers, makes it possible to implement, if necessary, a high heating power, without risk to the track.

Suivant un mode de réalisation alternatif, la portion du rail située dans la zone de chauffage est posée sur la voie. On doit alors veiller à ce que l'apport de chaleur soit dirigé essentiellement vers le rail, pour minimiser l'apport de chaleur aux autres éléments de la voie.According to an alternative embodiment, the portion of the rail located in the heating zone is placed on the track. It must then be ensured that the heat input is directed essentially towards the rail, to minimize the heat input to the other elements of the track.

Pour obtenir un positionnement reproductible de la portion du rail à fixer transitant par la zone de chauffage, on pourra notamment prévoir une ou plusieurs des modalités suivantes :

  • on guide la portion du rail par rapport à un bâti du train de travaux de manière que la portion du rail traverse la zone de chauffage lors du déplacement du train de travaux.
  • on guide le dispositif de chauffage par rapport à un bâti du train de travaux de manière à ce que la portion du rail traverse la zone de chauffage lors du déplacement du train de travaux.
  • on guide le dispositif de chauffage par rapport à la portion du rail, de préférence en faisant rouler le dispositif de chauffage sur la portion du rail, de manière à ce que la portion du rail traverse la zone de chauffage lors du déplacement du train de travaux.
To obtain a reproducible positioning of the portion of the rail to be fixed transiting through the heating zone, provision may in particular be made for one or more of the following methods:
  • the portion of the rail is guided with respect to a frame of the work train so that the portion of the rail crosses the heating zone during the movement of the work train.
  • the heating device is guided relative to a frame of the work train so that the portion of the rail crosses the heating zone during the movement of the work train.
  • the heating device is guided with respect to the portion of the rail, preferably by rolling the heating device on the portion of the rail, so that the portion of the rail passes through the heating zone during the movement of the work train .

Suivant un mode de réalisation, le déplacement du train de travaux dans la direction de pose est effectué sans arrêt.According to one embodiment, the movement of the work train in the laying direction is carried out without stopping.

Le procédé de pose selon l'invention peut être mis en œuvre notamment pour une première pose d'une voie nouvelle, ou pour un renouvellement ou une rénovation. En particulier, et suivant un aspect préféré de l'invention, celle-ci a trait à un procédé de renouvellement ou de rénovation d'une voie ferrée, comprenant, notamment, une dépose d'un ancien rail, et une pose d'un rail nouveau ou rénové, la pose étant effectuée selon le procédé de pose précédemment décrit.The laying method according to the invention can be implemented in particular for a first laying of a new track, or for a renewal or a renovation. In particular, and according to a preferred aspect of the invention, the latter relates to a process for renewing or renovating a railway line, comprising, in particular, removal of an old rail, and installation of a new or renovated rail, the installation being carried out according to the installation process described above.

Suivant un autre aspect de l'invention, celle-ci a trait à un train de travaux de rails pour la mise en œuvre du procédé tel que décrit précédemment.According to another aspect of the invention, the latter relates to a rail work train for the implementation of the method as described previously.

En particulier, l'invention a trait à un train de travaux comportant au moins un dispositif de chauffage comportant au moins une zone de chauffage, une ou plusieurs unités de chauffage comportant chacune une unité d'un ou plusieurs brûleurs à gaz, et un corps radiants interposé entre le ou les brûleurs à gaz et la zone de chauffage, le ou les corps radiants étant perforés par des orifices débouchant dans la zone de chauffage, le train de travaux comportant :

  • des moyens de traction pour déplacer le train de travaux dans une direction de pose, de manière qu'à chaque instant une portion du rail, non fixée à une traverse, traverse la zone de chauffage ;
  • des moyens d'alimentation du ou des brûleurs à gaz comportant une l'unité de commande reliée à des électrovannes proportionnelles pour moduler un débit de comburant et/ou de carburant pour l'alimentation des brûleurs à gaz, ainsi qu'à des allumeurs pour commander l'allumage des brûleurs à gaz et à des électrovannes proportionnelles pour contrôler une alimentation générale en gaz combustible en provenance d'un réservoir de gaz et en gaz comburant en provenance d'un compresseur, de façon à moduler chaque unité de chauffage de façon continue en puissance de chauffe, sur une plage autour d'une valeur nominale, entre 50% et 150% de la valeur nominale, en faisant varier le débit du comburant et/ou du carburant au niveau des électrovannes, de telle sorte qu'aucune flamme n'émerge des orifices dans la zone de chauffage et qu'au moins 75%, et de préférence au moins 80%, et de préférence au moins 85% de la chaleur apportée à la portion du rail soit transmise par radiation du ou des corps radiants.
In particular, the invention relates to a work train comprising at least one heating device comprising at least one heating zone, one or more heating units each comprising a unit of one or more gas burners, and a body heaters interposed between the gas burner(s) and the heating, the radiant body(s) being perforated by orifices opening into the heating zone, the work train comprising:
  • traction means for moving the work train in a laying direction, so that at each instant a portion of the rail, not fixed to a sleeper, crosses the heating zone;
  • means for supplying the gas burner(s) comprising a control unit connected to proportional solenoid valves to modulate a flow rate of oxidant and/or fuel for supplying the gas burners, as well as to igniters for to control the ignition of the gas burners and to proportional solenoid valves for controlling a general fuel gas supply from a gas tank and combustion gas from a compressor, so as to modulate each heating unit so as to continuous heating power, over a range around a nominal value, between 50% and 150% of the nominal value, by varying the flow rate of the oxidant and/or the fuel at the level of the solenoid valves, so that no flame emerges from the orifices in the heating zone and only at least 75%, and preferably at least 80%, and preferably at least 85% of the heat supplied to the portion of the rail is transmitted by radiation from the radiant body s.

De préférence, le train de travaux comporte des moyens pour soulever la portion du rail située dans la zone de chauffage par rapport à la voie, et des moyens pour positionner la portion du rail après apport de la chaleur sur la traverse avant de fixer la portion du rail sur la traverse. Comme on l'a précédemment exprimé, le soulèvement de la portion du rail dans la zone de chauffage permet de mieux entourer le rail en le chauffant non seulement par le dessus, mais également par les côtés, et le cas échéant par le dessous, soit par rayonnement direct du ou des corps radiants, soit par rayonnement indirect, en provenance des corps radiants, mais réfléchi par une paroi de la zone de chauffage, pour uniformiser l'apport de chaleur sur le pourtour de la portion du rail et minimiser les pertes. Le fait que la zone de chauffage soit éloignée de la voie, et notamment des traverses, permet de mettre en œuvre le cas échéant une puissance de chauffage élevée, sans risque pour la voie.Preferably, the work train comprises means for lifting the portion of the rail located in the heating zone relative to the track, and means for positioning the portion of the rail after heat has been applied to the sleeper before fixing the portion of the rail on the sleeper. As previously expressed, raising the portion of the rail in the heating zone makes it possible to surround the rail better by heating it not only from above, but also from the sides, and if necessary from below, i.e. by direct radiation from the radiating body or bodies, or by indirect radiation, coming from the radiating bodies, but reflected by a wall of the heating zone, to standardize the heat input on the periphery of the portion of the rail and minimize losses . The fact that the heating zone is far of the track, and in particular of the sleepers, makes it possible to implement high heating power, if necessary, without risk to the track.

Suivant un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de chauffage comporte un ou plusieurs modules de chauffage, chaque module de chauffage comportant une zone de chauffage, un ou plusieurs brûleurs à gaz, et un ou plusieurs corps radiants interposés entre le ou les brûleurs à gaz du module de chauffage et la zone de chauffage du module de chauffage. De préférence, le ou les modules de chauffage comportent au moins un module de chauffage guidé qui est pourvu de moyens de guidage pour assurer le guidage de la portion du rail dans la zone de chauffage du module chauffage guidé, les moyens de guidage comportant de préférence des galets roulant sur la portion du rail, les galets supportant de préférence le module de chauffage guidé.According to one embodiment, the heating device comprises one or more heating modules, each heating module comprising a heating zone, one or more gas burners, and one or more radiant bodies interposed between the gas burner(s) of the heating module and the heating zone of the heating module. Preferably, the heating module(s) comprise at least one guided heating module which is provided with guide means for guiding the portion of the rail in the heating zone of the guided heating module, the guide means preferably comprising rollers rolling on the portion of the rail, the rollers preferably supporting the guided heating module.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description qui suit, en référence aux figures annexées, qui illustrent :

  • la figure 1, une vue schématique d'un chantier de pose d'un rail de voie de chemin de fer, selon le procédé de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2, une vue schématique de détail du chantier de la figure 1, illustrant la chauffe d'un rail à fixer suivant le procédé de l'invention ;
  • la figure 3, une vue schématique du dessus d'un module de chauffage d'un dispositif de chauffage mettant en œuvre le procédé de l'invention ;
  • la figure 4, une vue schématique de face du module de chauffage de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5, une vue schématique d'une commande du module de chauffage des figures 3 et 4 ;
  • la figure 6, une vue schématique de face d'un module de chauffage selon une première variante de réalisation ;
  • la figure 7, une vue schématique de face d'un module de chauffage selon une deuxième variante de réalisation.
  • la figure 8, une vue schématique de face d'un module de chauffage selon une troisième variante de réalisation.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate:
  • the figure 1 , a schematic view of a construction site for laying a rail of a railway track, according to the method of the invention;
  • the figure 2 , a detailed schematic view of the construction site of the figure 1 , illustrating the heating of a rail to be fixed according to the method of the invention;
  • the picture 3 , a schematic top view of a heating module of a heating device implementing the method of the invention;
  • the figure 4 , a schematic front view of the heating module of the picture 3 ;
  • the figure 5 , a schematic view of a control of the heating module of the figures 3 and 4 ;
  • the figure 6 , a schematic front view of a heating module according to a first variant embodiment;
  • the figure 7 , a schematic front view of a heating module according to a second variant embodiment.
  • the figure 8 , a schematic front view of a heating module according to a third variant embodiment.

Pour plus de clarté, les éléments identiques ou similaires sont repérés par des signes de référence identiques sur l'ensemble des figures.For greater clarity, identical or similar elements are identified by identical reference signs in all of the figures.

DESCRIPTION DÉTAILLÉE DE MODES DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Sur la figure 1 est illustrée une vue globale d'un chantier de renouvellement d'une voie de chemin de fer 2 dans lequel on procède, au moyen d'un train de travaux 4 (représenté partiellement), à la dépose des anciens rails 6 (secteur avant) et des anciennes traverses 8 et à leur remplacement par de nouvelles traverses 10 et nouveaux rails 12, le tout en continu au fur et à mesure de l'avancée du train dans la direction de pose 100. Le train de travaux 4 comporte des wagons 16 reposant sur des bogies 18, 20 roulant sur les anciens rails 6 en partie avant du train de travaux 4 et sur les nouveaux rails 12 en partie arrière du train de travaux 4. Une partie médiane du train de travaux 4 repose quant à elle sur des chenilles 22 qui, en l'absence de rails sur la voie 2 dans cette partie du chantier, roulent directement sur les anciennes traverses 8 avant leur dépose.On the figure 1 an overall view of a railway track renewal site 2 is shown in which, by means of a work train 4 (partially shown), the old rails 6 are removed (front sector) and old sleepers 8 and their replacement with new sleepers 10 and new rails 12 , all continuously as the train advances in the laying direction 100 . The works train 4 comprises wagons 16 resting on bogies 18 , 20 running on the old rails 6 in the front part of the works train 4 and on the new rails 12 in the rear part of the works train 4 . A middle part of the work train 4 rests on caterpillars 22 which, in the absence of rails on track 2 in this part of the site, run directly on the old sleepers 8 before they are removed.

Sur un tronçon avant du chantier, des outils permettent de désolidariser les anciens rails 6 des traverses 8. Au fur et à mesure de leur démontage, les anciens rails 6 sont soulevés et reposés sur le ballast 24 sur les côtés de la voie. Sur le tronçon suivant du chantier, les anciennes traverses 8 sont à nu, ce qui permet de procéder à leur dépose à l'aide d'un groupe d'outils de dépose et leur remplacement par les nouvelles traverses 10 à l'aide d'un groupe d'outils de pose. Les nouveaux rails 12, qui, avant le passage du train de travaux 4, ont été disposés au sol de part et d'autre de la voie 2, sont soulevés et positionnés en respectant la géométrie souhaitée de la voie 2, avant d'être posés sur les nouvelles traverses 10. La fixation finale des nouveaux rails 12 est effectuée au moyen d'attaches après le passage du train de travaux 4.On a front section of the construction site, tools are used to separate the old rails 6 from the sleepers 8 . As they are dismantled, the old rails 6 are lifted and rested on the ballast 24 on the sides of the track. On the next section of the site, the old sleepers 8 are bare, which makes it possible to remove them using a group of removal tools and replace them with the new sleepers 10 using a group of laying tools. The new rails 12 , which, before the passage of the work train 4 , were laid out on the ground on either side of the track 2 , are raised and positioned respecting the desired geometry of the track 2 , before being placed on the new sleepers 10 . The final fixing of the new rails 12 is carried out by means of fasteners after the passage of the work train 4 .

Afin d'éviter ou de limiter les risques d'interruptions ou de rupture de la voie susceptibles d'être provoquées par les variations dimensionnelles des rails 12 sous l'effet de conditions climatiques ou météorologiques plus sévères, il est prévu de procéder à la fixation définitive des rails nouveaux ou rénovés 12 sur les traverses en portant ces profilés métalliques à une température moyenne du lieu de pose, dite de « pré-libération » ou de « libération ».In order to avoid or limit the risks of interruptions or breakage of the track likely to be caused by the dimensional variations of the rails 12 under the effect of more severe climatic or meteorological conditions, it is planned to proceed to the fixing final new or renovated rails 12 on the sleepers by bringing these metal sections to an average temperature of the place of installation, called "pre-release" or "release".

Dans ce but, le tronçon de rail nouveau ou rénové à poser 12 est porté à une température de consigne dans une zone de conditionnement 28 située en avant et à proximité de sa zone de fixation 30 sur une ou plusieurs traverses 10. Lorsque l'intervention sur le chantier a lieu à un moment où la température ambiante est inférieure à la température consignée dite de « pré-libération » ou de « libération », ce réglage comporte un chauffage du rail, la zone de conditionnement 28 étant alors une zone de chauffage.For this purpose, the new or renovated section of rail to be laid 12 is brought to a set temperature in a conditioning zone 28 located in front of and close to its fixing zone 30 on one or more sleepers 10 . When work on the site takes place at a time when the ambient temperature is lower than the so-called “pre-release” or “release” setpoint temperature, this adjustment includes heating of the rail, the conditioning zone 28 being then a heating zone.

À cet effet, il est proposé, selon l'invention, d'utiliser un dispositif de chauffage 32 illustré schématiquement sur les figures 2 à 4 , fonctionnant essentiellement par rayonnement thermique. Le dispositif de chauffage 32 comporte au moins un module de chauffage 34 comportant au moins une, de préférence au moins deux, et de manière particulièrement préférentielle, comme illustré sur la figure 3, au moins quatre unités de chauffage 36, délimitant une zone de chauffage longiligne 28 située à distance de la voie et orientée suivant la direction de pose 100 du train de travaux 4 et ouverte à une extrémité avant 38 et à une extrémité arrière 40. Les quatre unités de chauffage 36 sont disposées latéralement de part et d'autre de la zone de chauffage, deux plus proches de l'entrée et les deux autres plus proches de la sortie.To this end, it is proposed, according to the invention, to use a heating device 32 illustrated schematically on the figures 2 to 4 , operating essentially by thermal radiation. The heating device 32 comprises at least one heating module 34 comprising at least one, preferably at least two, and in a particularly preferential manner, as illustrated in the picture 3 , at least four heating units 36 , delimiting an elongated heating zone 28 located at a distance from the track and oriented along the laying direction 100 of the work train 4 and open at a front end 38 and at a rear end 40 . The four heating units 36 are arranged laterally on either side of the heating zone, two closer to the inlet and the other two closer to the outlet.

Chaque unité de chauffage 36 comporte une unité d'un ou plusieurs brûleurs 42 et un corps radiant 44, interposé entre le ou les brûleurs 42 et la zone de chauffage 28. Le corps radiant 44 est de préférence perforé par des orifices 46 débouchant dans la zone de chauffage 28, et qui peuvent être disposés soit en regard des brûleurs 42, soit en décalage par rapport à ces derniers.Each heating unit 36 comprises a unit of one or more burners 42 and a radiant body 44 , interposed between the burner or burners 42 and the heating zone 28 . The radiant body 44 is preferably perforated by orifices 46 opening into the heating zone 28 , and which can be arranged either facing the burners 42 , or offset with respect to the latter.

Des moyens de guidage 48 sont prévus à l'entrée 38 et à la sortie 40 de la zone de chauffage 28 du dispositif de chauffage pour assurer le guidage du rail 12 dans la zone de chauffage 28. Dans ce mode de réalisation préféré, la portion du rail 12 traversant la zone de chauffage 28 est soulevée, c'est-à-dire située verticalement à distance au-dessus de sa position finale à la fin du processus de pose. Le dispositif de chauffage peut lui-même être pourvu d'un ou plusieurs actionneurs 50 ou d'un mécanisme de positionnement passif pour assurer son bon positionnement par rapport au rail 12, et compenser les variations de positionnement du train de travaux 4 par rapport à la trajectoire souhaitée de la voie. De préférence, les moyens de guidage 48 incluent des galets roulant sur le rail 12 et supportant le cas échéant l'unité de chauffage 36.Guide means 48 are provided at the inlet 38 and at the outlet 40 of the heating zone 28 of the heating device to ensure the guidance of the rail 12 in the heating zone 28 . In this preferred embodiment, the portion of the rail 12 passing through the heating zone 28 is raised, that is to say located vertically at a distance above its final position at the end of the laying process. The heating device may itself be provided with one or more actuators 50 or with a passive positioning mechanism to ensure its correct positioning with respect to the rail 12 , and to compensate for variations in the positioning of the work train 4 with respect to the desired trajectory of the track. Preferably, the guide means 48 include rollers rolling on the rail 12 and supporting the heating unit 36 if necessary.

Des pyromètres 52 sont positionnés à l'entrée 38 de la zone de chauffage 28, à l'intérieur de la zone de chauffage 28 et à la sortie 40 de la zone de chauffage 28, et le cas échéant directement à proximité de la zone de fixation 30. Ces pyromètres 52 sont reliés à une unité de commande 54 illustrée sur la figure 5 , qui reçoit des signaux d'autres capteurs 56 tels que, par exemple : un capteur de vitesse du train de travaux 4, un capteur de vitesse du rail à fixer, un capteur de température ambiante, un capteur de pression atmosphérique, et/ou un capteur d'humidité ambiante. L'unité de commande 54 est ainsi apte à mesurer, estimer ou calculer un ou plusieurs des paramètres suivants : une température de la portion du rail à fixer avant le chauffage, une température de la portion du rail à fixer après le chauffage, une température de la portion du rail à fixer durant le chauffage, une température ambiante extérieure, une vitesse de déplacement du train de travaux 4, une vitesse de déplacement du rail par rapport au dispositif de chauffage, une quantité de chaleur transmise à la portion du rail par le dispositif de chauffage.Pyrometers 52 are positioned at the entrance 38 of the heating zone 28 , inside the heating zone 28 and at the exit 40 of the heating zone 28, and if necessary directly close to the heating zone. fixing 30 . These pyrometers 52 are connected to a control unit 54 illustrated in the figure 5 , which receives signals from other sensors 56 such as, for example: a speed sensor of the work train 4 , a speed sensor of the rail to be fixed, an ambient temperature sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and/or an ambient humidity sensor. The control unit 54 is thus able to measure, estimate or calculate one or more of the following parameters: a temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed before heating, a temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed after heating, a temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed during heating, an outside ambient temperature, a speed of movement of the work train 4 , a speed of movement of the rail relative to the heating device, a quantity of heat transmitted to the portion of the rail by the heating device.

Par ailleurs, l'unité de commande 54 contient en mémoire une température de consigne qui peut avoir été saisie ou programmée, et est représentative de la température de « pré-libération » ou de « libération » recherchée dans la zone de fixation 30, ce qui permet le cas échéant une détermination d'un écart entre la température de consigne et une température mesurée de la portion du rail à fixer avant chauffage, d'un écart entre la température de consigne et une température mesurée de la portion du rail à fixer après chauffage, ou d'un écart entre la température de consigne et une température mesurée de la portion du rail à fixer durant le chauffage.Furthermore, the control unit 54 contains in memory a setpoint temperature which may have been entered or programmed, and is representative of the "pre-release" or "release" temperature sought in the fixing zone 30 , this which allows, where appropriate, a determination of a difference between the setpoint temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed before heating, of a difference between the setpoint temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed after heating, or a difference between the setpoint temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail to be fixed during heating.

Enfin, l'unité de commande 54 est reliée à des électrovannes proportionnelles 58 pour moduler le débit de comburant et/ou de carburant pour l'alimentation des brûleurs, ainsi qu'à des allumeurs pour commander l'allumage des brûleurs et à des électrovannes proportionnelles 60, 62 pour contrôler l'alimentation générale en gaz combustible en provenance d'un réservoir de gaz 64 et en gaz comburant en provenance d'un compresseur 66.Finally, the control unit 54 is connected to proportional solenoid valves 58 to modulate the flow of oxidizer and/or fuel to supply the burners, as well as to igniters to control the ignition of the burners and to solenoid valves proportional 60 , 62 to control the general fuel gas supply from a gas tank 64 and combustion gas from a compressor 66 .

Il est ainsi possible de moduler chaque unité de chauffage de façon relativement continue en puissance de chauffe, sur une plage autour d'une valeur nominale, par exemple entre 50% et 150% de la valeur nominale, en faisant varier le débit du comburant et/ou du carburant au niveau des électrovannes 58, 60, 62. En dehors de cette plage de modulation, de plus grandes variations peuvent être obtenues en procédant à l'extinction complète de certaines unités de chauffage 36, ou à leur allumage.It is thus possible to modulate each heating unit relatively continuously in terms of heating power, over a range around a nominal value, for example between 50% and 150% of the nominal value, by varying the flow rate of the oxidizer and /or fuel at the level of the solenoid valves 58 , 60 , 62 . Outside this modulation range, greater variations can be obtained by proceeding to the complete extinction of certain heating units 36 , or to their ignition.

Lorsque le train de travaux 4 avance dans une direction de pose 100, le rail à fixer 12 se déplace, par rapport au dispositif de chauffage 28, dans la direction opposée, et est guidé de sorte qu'à chaque instant une portion soulevée du rail à fixer 12 traverse la zone de chauffage 28. Le cas échéant, le positionnement du dispositif de chauffage est ajusté grâce aux actionneurs 50 ou au mécanisme de positionnement. On fait en sorte que les corps radiants 44 soient proches de la portion du rail à fixer 12, de préférence à une distance inférieure à 20cm, de préférence inférieure à 10cm.When the work train 4 advances in a laying direction 100 , the rail to be fixed 12 moves, relative to the heating device 28 , in the opposite direction, and is guided so that at each instant a raised portion of the rail to be fixed 12 crosses the heating zone 28 . If necessary, the positioning of the heating device is adjusted using the actuators 50 or the positioning mechanism. It is ensured that the radiating bodies 44 are close to the portion of the rail to be fixed 12 , preferably at a distance less than 20cm, preferably less than 10cm.

On fait ainsi en sorte qu'à chaque instant, et en fonction de l'avancement du train de travaux 4, une portion du rail à fixer 12 traverse la zone de chauffage 28, où elle est chauffée par le dispositif de chauffage 32 avant de ressortir de la zone de chauffage 28 et d'être acheminée vers la zone de fixation 30, où elle est posée sur une traverse 10 de la voie ferrée.It is thus ensured that at each instant, and depending on the progress of the work train 4 , a portion of the rail to be fixed 12 crosses the heating zone 28 , where it is heated by the heating device 32 before come out of the heating zone 28 and be conveyed to the fixing zone 30 , where it is placed on a sleeper 10 of the railway track.

L'unité de commande 54 détermine par un algorithme de calcul, en fonction de tout ou partie des paramètres discutés précédemment, le nombre de brûleurs 42 et/ou le débit de comburant et/ou de carburant nécessaire au chauffage du rail à fixer 12.The control unit 54 determines by a calculation algorithm, as a function of all or part of the parameters discussed above, the number of burners 42 and/or the flow rate of oxidant and/or fuel necessary for heating the rail to be fixed 12 .

De manière remarquable, le ou les brûleurs à gaz 42 sont alimentés de sorte qu'au moins 75%, et de préférence au moins 80%, et de préférence au moins 85% de la chaleur soient transmis au rail par radiation du ou des corps radiants 44 et qu'aucune flamme n'émerge des orifices 46 dans la zone de chauffage 28. Les orifices 46 ont ainsi pour seule fonction de provoquer un échauffement rapide et uniforme des corps radiants 44.Remarkably, the gas burner or burners 42 are powered so that at least 75 %, and preferably at least 80 %, and preferably at least 85 % of the heat is transmitted to the rail by radiation from the body or bodies. heaters 44 and that no flame emerges from the orifices 46 in the heating zone 28 . The orifices 46 thus have the sole function of causing rapid and uniform heating of the radiating bodies 44 .

De préférence, le déplacement du train de travaux dans la direction de pose est effectué sans arrêt, à une vitesse en pratique supérieure à 30 mm/s, de préférence supérieure 100 mm/s.Preferably, the movement of the work train in the laying direction is carried out without stopping, at a speed in practice greater than 30 mm/s, preferably greater than 100 mm/s.

Naturellement, les exemples représentés sur les figures et discutés cidessus ne sont donnés qu'à titre illustratif et non limitatif.Naturally, the examples represented in the figures and discussed above are given only by way of illustration and not limitation.

Le nombre d'unités de chauffage 36 et leur positionnement dans chaque module de chauffage 34 peuvent varier. Il est avantageux d'avoir au moins deux unités de chauffage 36 se faisant face de part et d'autre de la zone de chauffage 28 (comme illustré sur les figures 3 et 4 ) ou, de manière plus générale, rayonnant dans la zone de chauffage sous des angles différents. On peut notamment profiter du soulèvement de la portion du rail 12 traversant la zone de chauffage 28 pour orienter au moins une partie du rayonnement thermique de manière atteindre la face inférieure du rail. À cet égard, des dispositions avec trois unités de chauffage réparties à 120° (figure 6 ) ou quatre unités de chauffage réparties à 90° (figure 7 ) autour de la zone de chauffage sont parfaitement envisageables. On peut également prévoir, pour répartir la chaleur sur le pourtour du rail, des surfaces réfléchissantes 68 délimitant une partie de la zone de chauffage 28 (figure 8 ). Il est également avantageux d'avoir plusieurs unités de chauffage 36 disposées en enfilade dans le sens longitudinal d'avancement du véhicule, comme illustré sur la figure 3 , voire plusieurs modules de chauffage 34 comme illustré sur la figure 2 , pour permettre un chauffage progressif en plusieurs étapes. Les modules de chauffage 34 situés en enfilade peuvent être directement adjacents ou séparés par un tronçon isotherme d'isolation. Ils peuvent être également séparés par un tronçon à l'air libre. Le ou les modules de chauffage 34 peuvent être suspendus à une structure porteuse d'un des wagons de la portion médiane du train de travaux 4. Ils peuvent également être supportés de façon autonome par des roues ou des chenilles avançant sur la voie, le cas échéant reliés par des attelages à l'air libre.The number of heating units 36 and their positioning in each heating module 34 can vary. It is advantageous to have at least two heating units 36 facing each other on either side of the heating zone 28 (as illustrated in the figures 3 and 4 ) or, more generally, radiating into the heating zone from different angles. It is possible in particular to take advantage of the lifting of the portion of the rail 12 passing through the heating zone 28 to direct at least part of the thermal radiation so as to reach the lower face of the rail. In this regard, layouts with three heating units distributed at 120° ( figure 6 ) or four heating units distributed at 90° ( figure 7 ) around the heating zone are perfectly possible. One can also provide, to distribute the heat on the periphery of the rail, reflective surfaces 68 delimiting part of the heating zone 28 ( figure 8 ). It is also advantageous to have several heating units 36 arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction of advancement of the vehicle, as illustrated in the picture 3 , or even several heating modules 34 as illustrated in the figure 2 , to allow gradual heating in several stages. The heating modules 34 located in a row can be directly adjacent or separated by an isothermal insulation section. They can also be separated by a stretch in the open air. The heating module(s) 34 can be suspended from a supporting structure of one of the wagons of the middle portion of the work train 4 . They can also be supported independently by wheels or tracks advancing on the track, if necessary connected by couplings in the open air.

Le cas échéant, seulement certains des brûleurs à gaz 42 peuvent être équipés d'une électrovanne 58 de modulation.If necessary, only some of the gas burners 42 can be equipped with a modulating solenoid valve 58.

On peut également envisager que les électrovannes 58 ne soient pas proportionnelles, mais fonctionnent en tout ou rien, pour éteindre ou allumer les unités de chauffage 36 en nombre correspondant aux besoins. Dans cette hypothèse, on peut envisager que les électrovannes 60, 62 d'alimentation générale en combustible et comburant soient proportionnelles, pour assurer une certaine continuité de variation, ou qu'elles soient elle-même en tout ou rien, auquel cas la modulation de la chaleur apportée s'effectue uniquement par paliers, en changeant le nombre d'unités de chauffage 36 alimentées. On pourra également envisager, sans électrovannes proportionnelles, un mode de fonctionnement pulsé, dans lequel certains des brûleurs à gaz 42 sont allumés en intermittence. On pourra également envisager d'articuler les unités de chauffage 36 de manière à pouvoir les écarter rapidement de la zone de chauffage 28 lorsque l'on souhaite diminuer la quantité de chaleur transmise au rail à poser 12.It is also conceivable that the solenoid valves 58 are not proportional, but operate in all or nothing, to turn off or turn on the heating units 36 in number corresponding to the needs. In this case, it is possible to envisage that the solenoid valves 60 , 62 for the general fuel and oxidant supply are proportional, to ensure a certain continuity of variation, or that they are themselves all or nothing, in which case the modulation of the heat supplied takes place only in stages, by changing the number of heating units 36 supplied. It is also possible to envisage, without proportional solenoid valves, a pulsed mode of operation, in which some of the gas burners 42 are ignited intermittently. It is also possible to envisage articulating the heating units 36 so as to be able to move them quickly away from the heating zone 28 when it is desired to reduce the quantity of heat transmitted to the rail to be laid 12 .

En variante, les unités de chauffage utilisent l'air ambiant comme comburant, seul le débit de combustible étant modulé. Dans cette hypothèse, l'électrovanne 62 et le compresseur 66 sont omis. En pratique, le gaz combustible est un carburant de type propane ou GPL.As a variant, the heating units use the ambient air as oxidant, only the flow of fuel being modulated. In this hypothesis, the solenoid valve 62 and the compressor 66 are omitted. In practice, the combustible gas is a fuel of the propane or LPG type.

Suivant la finesse de la modulation constatée, qui dépendra du temps de réponse des unités de chauffage 36, on pourra mettre en œuvre le procédé selon l'invention soit pour une pré-neutralisation thermique, soit même pour une neutralisation thermique fine directe.Depending on the fineness of the modulation observed, which will depend on the response time of the heating units 36 , the method according to the invention can be implemented either for thermal pre-neutralization, or even for direct fine thermal neutralization.

L'opération de chauffage du rail à fixer 12 peut avoir lieu alors que le rail à fixer 12 est déjà posé sur les traverses.The heating operation of the rail to be fixed 12 can take place while the rail to be fixed 12 is already placed on the sleepers.

Le mode de chauffage des rails qui a été décrit précédemment pour une rénovation de voie ferrée avec remplacement des rails, vaut également pour une rénovation de la voie avec replacement des rails anciens, ou pour une première pose.The method of heating the rails which was described previously for a renovation of the railway track with replacement of the rails, also applies to a renovation of the track with the replacement of the old rails, or for an initial laying.

Claims (15)

  1. Method of laying a rail (12) of a railway track by means of a work train (4) comprising at least one heating device (32) that has at least one heating zone (28), one or more gas burners (42), and one or more radiant bodies (44) interposed between the gas burner or burners (42) and the heating zone (28), the radiant body or bodies (44) being perforated by holes (46) that open into the heating zone (28), according to which method:
    - the work train (4) is moved in a laying direction (100) such that, at any time, a portion of the rail (12) that is not fixed to a sleeper (8, 10) passes through the heating zone (28);
    - heat is provided to the portion of the rail (28) that passes through the heating zone (28) by means of the heating device (32);
    characterized in that the gas burner or burners (42) are supplied such that no flame emerges from the holes (46) in the heating zone (28) and such that at least 75%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 85% of the heat provided to the portion of the rail (12) is transmitted by radiation from the radiant body or bodies (44).
  2. Laying method according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more combustion parameters from among the following parameters for supplying one or more modulated burners from among the gas burner or burners (42) are adjusted on the basis of one or more control parameters: fuel flow rate, oxidizer flow rate, fuel-oxidizer mixture flow rate.
  3. Laying method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas burner or burners (42) comprise at least two burners, preferably at least four burners, and in that the number of activated burners is adjusted on the basis of one or more control parameters.
  4. Laying method according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas burner or burners (42) comprise at least one pair of adjacent gas burners located one behind the other in the laying direction.
  5. Laying method according to either claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the burner or burners comprise at least one pair of opposite burners located on either side of a median plane of the heating zone (28) parallel to the laying direction.
  6. Laying method according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the control parameter or parameters include one or more of the following measured or estimated parameters: a temperature of the portion of the rail before heating, a temperature of the portion of the rail after heating, a temperature of the portion of the rail during heating, an external ambient temperature, a travelling speed of the work train, a travelling speed of the rail relative to the heating device, a heating duration, a difference between a set temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail before heating, a difference between a set temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail after heating, a difference between a set temperature and a measured temperature of the portion of the rail while heat is being provided, ambient humidity, or wind speed, one or more of the following steps being carried out, as necessary:
    - at least one temperature of the portion of the rail is measured after heat has been provided by means of a pyrometer (58) arranged at an outlet zone (40) of the heating zone (28) or behind the heating zone (28) in the laying direction (100);
    - at least one temperature of the portion of the rail (12) is measured before heat has been provided by means of a pyrometer (58) arranged at an inlet zone (38) of the heating zone (28) or in front of the heating zone (28) in the laying direction (100);
    - at least one temperature of the portion of the rail (12) is measured while heat is being provided using a pyrometer (58) arranged inside the heating zone (28).
  7. Laying method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portion of the rail located in the heating zone (28) is raised relative to the track, and in that the portion of the rail is positioned after heat has been provided to the sleeper and before fixing the portion of the rail to the sleeper.
  8. Laying method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portion of the rail (12) is guided relative to a frame of the work train (4) such that the portion of the rail passes through the heating zone when the work train is moving.
  9. Laying method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device (32) is guided relative to a frame of the work train (4) such that the portion of the rail (12) passes through the heating zone (28) when the work train (4) is moving.
  10. Laying method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device (32) is guided relative to the portion of the rail (12), preferably by rolling the heating device (32) on the portion of the rail (12), such that the portion of the rail (12) passes through the heating zone (28) when the work train (4) is moving.
  11. Laying method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portion of the rail (12) is fixed after heat has been provided to a sleeper (10) of the railway track located behind the heating zone (28) in the laying direction (100).
  12. Work train (4) for implementing the laying method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising at least one heating device (32) that has at least one heating zone (28), one or more heating units (36) that each comprise a unit of one or more gas burners (42), and a radiant body (44) interposed between the gas burner or burners (42) and the heating zone (28), the radiant body or bodies (44) being perforated by holes (46) that open into the heating zone (28), the work train (4) comprising:
    - traction means for moving the work train (4) in a laying direction (100) such that, at any time, a portion of the rail (12) that is not fixed to a sleeper (8, 10) passes through the heating zone (28);
    - means for supplying the gas burner or burners (42) comprising a control unit (54) connected to proportional solenoid valves (58) for adjusting a flow rate of oxidizer and/or fuel for supplying the gas burners (42), to igniters for controlling the ignition of the gas burners (42), and to proportional solenoid valves (60, 62) for controlling a general supply of fuel gas from a gas tank (64) and of oxidizer gas from a compressor (66), so as to continuously adjust the heating power of each heating unit (36) over a range around a nominal value between 50% and 150% of the nominal value by varying the flow rate of oxidizer and/or fuel at the solenoid valves (58, 60, 62) such that no flame emerges from the holes (46) in the heating zone (28) and such that at least 75%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 85% of the heat provided to the portion of the rail (12) is transmitted by radiation from the radiant body or bodies (44).
  13. Work train (4) according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises means for lifting the portion of the rail located in the heating zone (28) relative to the track, and means for positioning the portion of the rail after heat has been provided to the sleeper and before fixing the portion of the rail to the sleeper.
  14. Work train (4) according to either claim 12 or claim 13, characterized in that the heating device (32) comprises one or more heating modules (34), each heating module comprising a heating zone (28), one or more gas burners (42), and one or more radiant bodies (44) interposed between the gas burner or burners (42) of the heating module (34) and the heating zone (28) of the heating module (34).
  15. Work train (4) according to claims 13 and 14 taken in combination, characterized in that at least one guided heating module (34) among the heating module or modules (34) is provided with guide means (48) for guiding the portion of the rail (12) in the heating zone (28) of the guided heating module (34), the guide means (48) preferably comprising rollers that roll on the portion of the rail (12), the rollers preferably supporting the guided heating module (34).
EP18725842.1A 2017-05-22 2018-05-18 Method for laying a rail of a railway line Active EP3631089B1 (en)

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FR1754528A FR3066508B1 (en) 2017-05-22 2017-05-22 PROCEDURE FOR LAYING A RAILWAY RAIL, INCLUDING HEATING OF THE RAIL, AND WORK TRAIN FOR IMPLEMENTING THE LAYING PROCEDURE
PCT/EP2018/063168 WO2018215356A1 (en) 2017-05-22 2018-05-18 Method for laying a rail of a railway line

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WO2018215356A1 (en) 2018-11-29
US11384486B2 (en) 2022-07-12
KR102326516B1 (en) 2021-11-16
ZA201908273B (en) 2021-04-28
CA3060848C (en) 2022-05-31
FR3066508B1 (en) 2021-02-12
FR3066508A1 (en) 2018-11-23
CN110651085A (en) 2020-01-03
RU2727659C1 (en) 2020-07-22
EP3631089A1 (en) 2020-04-08
CN110651085B (en) 2022-08-12
US20200157746A1 (en) 2020-05-21
KR20200009084A (en) 2020-01-29
CA3060848A1 (en) 2018-11-29
AU2018272869A1 (en) 2019-12-12

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