EP3619178A1 - Betonelement mit bewehrung mit verbessertem oxidationsschutz - Google Patents
Betonelement mit bewehrung mit verbessertem oxidationsschutzInfo
- Publication number
- EP3619178A1 EP3619178A1 EP18723452.1A EP18723452A EP3619178A1 EP 3619178 A1 EP3619178 A1 EP 3619178A1 EP 18723452 A EP18723452 A EP 18723452A EP 3619178 A1 EP3619178 A1 EP 3619178A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- concrete
- oxidation
- textile reinforcement
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920006184 cellulose methylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000012710 chemistry, manufacturing and control Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002370 liquid polymer infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006253 high performance fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000001170 unmyelinated nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGQFOJGMPGJJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-K [B+3].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O Chemical compound [B+3].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O QGQFOJGMPGJJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical class C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011850 initial investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009979 protective mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011209 textile-reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1051—Organo-metallic compounds; Organo-silicon compounds, e.g. bentone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/386—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
- C04B16/0616—Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B16/0625—Polyalkenes, e.g. polyethylene
- C04B16/0633—Polypropylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/12—Multiple coating or impregnating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2103/608—Anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Definitions
- the invention relates to approaches to improve the oxidation protection of high-performance fibers, in particular carbon fibers, which are used as reinforcement in concrete and must have the required fire resistance in the component.
- the invention relates to a thin concrete element having a specific concrete composition in combination with a carbon fiber reinforcement with a special high-temperature impregnating impregnating agent, whereby a very good behavior of the concrete element in case of fire is achieved.
- Carbon fibers can be embedded in the concrete as fabric, scrim, single rod or single rod welded to mats. They consist essentially of carbon in nature, which due to its structure allows the fibers special mechanical properties, in particular a high strength and a high modulus of elasticity.
- the fibers are usually soaked with a drenching compound in order to achieve the most uniform possible activation (participation in the load transfer) of all filaments. As a result, the tensile strength of such a composite reinforcement of the Filamentzugfesttechnik can be clearly approximated.
- thermosetting resin systems preferably epoxy resins, or aqueous dispersions, preferably styrene-butadienes used.
- the hardened textile reinforcements are arranged analogously to the reinforced concrete construction method in the concrete and produce the connection to the concrete via positive locking or a proportional adhesive bond. Textile reinforcements are not susceptible to chloride-induced corrosion and, unlike reinforcing steel, therefore require no concrete cover. This allows particularly slim concrete structures with a long service life.
- the fire resistance of a component has decisive importance.
- the duration of a component's functioning is
- a standard requirement for buildings subject to fire hazard is the fire resistance class "F90 fire-resistant" (for at least 90 minutes in case of fire)
- F90 fire-resistant for at least 90 minutes in case of fire
- protection over 90 minutes is achieved, above all, by a sufficiently large concrete cover.
- the insufficient high temperature behavior is due to two factors.
- the causes for this are, on the one hand, the currently used purely organic impregnation masses. These are known to soften above their glass transition temperature, which is below 100 ° C degrees for most polymers, and evaporate completely in the temperature range up to 400 ° C. The described strength-increasing effect of the impregnation mass is therefore lost in a fire within a few minutes.
- the high-performance fiber must be protected for at least 60 minutes, ideally 90 minutes before oxidation, thus preventing or delaying the access of oxygen
- the impregnating mass used must retain sufficient residual rigidity and strength in the event of fire in order to ensure the internal bond (filament / filament) and outer bond (fiber / concrete)
- the concrete cover of a component must be fire-resistant and must not flake off in the event of fire, as it is intended to contribute both as a proportionate heat buffer and, above all, as the first oxygen barrier
- the fire-resistant composite reinforcement must reach a sufficient tensile strength of at least 3000 MPa at normal temperature
- the substances After being applied to the fiber surface, the substances, which in their original form can not yet achieve a protective effect, must be converted by a conversion process into a dense and stable layer. This can e.g. be achieved by glazing. In general, under protective gas conditions or in a vacuum, temperatures of more than 1200 ° C. are generated, in which the converted materials are converted into a vitreous, dense layer.
- polymer-based ceramic is the commercially available Polyracene® resin which is cured in a rapid radical crosslinking mechanism at 125-150 ° C. Subsequently, the resin is further treated in a pyrolysis process to 1400 ° C.
- CMC Ceramic Matrix Composites
- Corresponding materials have a sufficient temperature stability to allow a fire reaction of more than 90 minutes. case to resist.
- the tensile strengths of such materials are relatively low.
- the use of classical CMCs makes no sense for the reinforcement of concrete.
- the use of ceramic fiber, which as such are also sufficiently temperature-stable, in combination with less expensive processable resin systems also not useful.
- the methods of applying protective layers to fibers may be derived from the manufacturing processes of ceramic matrix composites (CMC).
- CMC ceramic matrix composites
- Important processes for producing ceramic composite materials, some of which can be operated with very different process parameters, are the following:
- LPI low-density polystyrene
- CVI CVI
- LSI sol-gel process
- FIG. 1 To FIG. 1:
- the LPI process is very often used for the production of CMCs with a SiC matrix; depending on the precursor (preceramic polymer), matrix compositions of N, O, B, Al and Ti can also be prepared.
- Prepreg C or SiC fibers + Si polymer + ceramic filler
- shape and fix with vacuum bag -> harden in autoclave -> reaction creates a porous matrix -> demoulding and green processing -> pyrolysis 800-1300 ° C ⁇ -> (5-10 times) infiltration with precursor
- FIG. 2 To FIG. 2:
- the figure shows a CMC bolt and nut made in the CWI process (Techtrans.de)
- the LSI process is the only process that has long been used in the series production of eg brake discs.
- Fiber preform is soaked in sol (colloidal suspension of fine ceramic particles)) - ⁇ insert in mold / form / wrap (Whipox) / laminate- ⁇ heat preform: (sol becomes gel) subsequent drying at 400 C-repeat of Infiltration and drying process to the desired density ⁇ mix fire matrix
- Main protective layer pure carbon matrix, salt impregnation, Sl (P75, P76, P77), CVI mullite layers, other additives
- Nanoscale multilayers (PyC, SiC, BN, B 4 C)
- the previously described processes are complex in terms of apparatus, run slowly, require a lot of time and high temperatures. Thus, they are not suitable for the treatment of carbon fibers for construction applications in the currently known and used form.
- Impregnation masses for concrete reinforcements are usually of an organic nature, so that they have the required elongation at break for composites.
- the carbon fiber manufacturers have developed correspondingly sized sizes.
- Non-flammable impregnation masses or impregnation masses with the highest possible residual masses at 1000 degrees C. are naturally inorganic. They therefore have a low elongation at break and a brittle material behavior. This means that inorganic impregnating compounds or binders can form cracks or microcracks during the stress of the component, which promote the access of oxygen. Reinforcements with purely inorganic impregnation masses therefore show insufficient performance, not least because of the poor fiber / matrix adhesion.
- the present invention provides a three-stage solution concept: 1. Protection of the composite reinforcement by the concrete cover, in particular a particularly resistant concrete cover
- Fire-resistant alkali-resistant and dimensionally stable impregnating mass for maintaining the internal composite in case of fire, in particular fire-resistant and dimensionally stable impregnating resin.
- the concrete cover with a thickness of usually 10 mm to 20 mm can form the first protective function in case of fire. In certain applications, however, concrete coverings of up to 25 mm or even up to 30 mm can be used. It can prevent a direct flame of the carbon reinforcement and the temperature applied to the reinforcement in the thickness range mentioned about 100 ° C. to reduce. Likewise, it can form the first barrier layer for inflowing oxygen.
- the concrete cover must not chip off the component during exposure to fire. While in conventional reinforced concrete, which also achieves the required fire resistance class only when the concrete cover is intact, 2 kg / m 3 concrete is added to polypropylene fibers to prevent spalling, this is not sufficient after initial investigations in textile concretes due to the denser pore structure. However, it has been shown that the following concrete technological measures can prevent spalling even with textile concrete, in particular in certain combinations of high-strength and very dense mortars for textile concrete:
- a significantly higher dosage of polypropylene fibers of at least 3 kg / m 3 , preferably 4 kg / m 3 .
- a higher dosage of polypropylene fibers of at least 2 kg / m 3 , preferably 3-4 kg / m 3 .
- Organopolysiloxanes especially silicone resins, such as in particular the group of methyl resins and methylphenyl resins, such.
- silicone resins such as in particular the group of methyl resins and methylphenyl resins, such.
- basic alkali resistance is not expected for organosilicon compounds, it has surprisingly been found to be useful in some formulations (e.g., Wacker Silres H62C and in combination with Silres MK) for the differential use of concrete reinforcement.
- Methyl-phenyl-vinyl-hydrogen-polysiloxanes e.g., Wacker Silres H62C
- methyl-polysiloxanes e.g., Wacker Silres MK
- particularly suitable mixtures of these two siloxanes have been found to exhibit surprisingly high alkali resistance in the field of concrete reinforcement.
- Inorganic impregnating compositions having an organic content in particular predominantly inorganic impregnating compositions which also have an organic content, however, despite a significantly better high-temperature resistance, still tend to form a porous structure or micro-cracks in the high-temperature range between 500 ° C. and 1000 ° C.
- predominantly inorganic impregnating masses which also have an organic fraction tend, despite significantly better Temperature resistance continues to form a porous structure or microcracks in the temperature range between 500 ° C and 1000 ° C. Therefore, a high proportion of high-temperature stable fillers, for example in the form of particles, can advantageously be added to these resins in order to reduce shrinkage-induced microcracking at high temperature.
- some shrinkage is needed for mechanical adhesion of the resin to the fibers for high temperature power transmission.
- the fillers usually occupy spaces which are then no longer available for the transport of oxygen, whereby an oxidation protection is achieved.
- fillers in the nanoscale range can advantageously be used in the production of reinforcing gratings.
- a screening of the particles is avoided by the fiber strand and consequently achieves a relatively uniform distribution of the fillers.
- the fillers can be predispersed in solvent or resin components.
- solvents that are required anyway for the film formation of solid resins can be enriched in advance with high levels of fillers.
- liquid resins can be enriched directly with fillers or additional solid resins are dissolved in the correspondingly modified liquid resins. As a result, use of a solvent can be completely or at least almost completely avoided.
- solid concentrations of 75% of a solid resin in the solvent and a simultaneous filler content of 50% in the solvent are conceivable.
- a filler content of at least 12.5% are used.
- smaller filler contents of at least 5% or at least 10% may be sufficient.
- dispersing aids such as POSS® (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) can be used.
- the methyl solid resin Wacker Silres MK in combination with SiO 2 nanoparticles in solvents or Al 2 O 3 particles and the methyl resin oligomer Wacker Trasil have proven particularly advantageous.
- the phenyl-methyl resin Wacker Silres H44 is particularly advantageous.
- the combination of different resin systems can also lead to a combination of properties.
- the proportion of solid resins in solvent and / or the filler content can be chosen as large as possible.
- Conceivably e.g. Filler contents of up to 50% in a silicon-organic resin.
- dispersing aids such as e.g. POSS® (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) can be used.
- preceramic networks which usually form below 1000 ° C.
- the combination of epoxy and phenolsiloxanes is considered to be particularly advantageous since, as expected, the epoxy component provides better bonds and the phenol component effects a better temperature resistance.
- the prevention of the oxidation of carbon fibers in the composite component is considered.
- the access of oxygen or oxygen-containing compounds (to the carbon fibers) can be completely avoided or at least sustainably reduced by suitable barriers, at least for a certain time. As listed below, such barriers can be created at different locations.
- a barrier can be created directly on the surface of the carbon fibers, prior to the application of a sizing typically applied to carbon fibers to ensure processability.
- an oxidation barrier can also be effected by a suitably modified sizing that is applied to the still uncoated carbon fiber.
- an oxidation barrier can be produced by the aftertreatment of a carbon fiber roving already provided with a size.
- oxidation protection can be achieved by modifying the resin system used to impregnate the roving. Here the protection would then take place via the resin, which layered roving is applied.
- analogously to point 2 there is the idea in particular to introduce the oxidation protection instead of a solvent into a liquid resin, which is then mixed with a solid resin and applied to the roving or to introduce the oxidation protection additive directly into a liquid resin and applied to the roving.
- an oxidation protection system can also be applied externally to the roving already coated with a resin.
- This barrier-active outer protective skin can be made of a high temperature resistant, low shrinkage and low diffusion system, e.g. preferably consisting of aluminum phosphate salts and / or aluminum phosphate silicate and / or alumina and / or silicon
- An oxidation barrier can be made by a suitably modified sizing which is applied to the still uncoated carbon fiber.
- the modification may include phosphorus additives or similar additives.
- a combination of the o.g. Variants are considered to be particularly effective.
- the relevant oxidation barriers may i.a. the following material concepts are achieved:
- Nanosilica is u.a. from the Fa.
- Evonik offered and as nanoscale, spherical filler u.a. used for the tire industry. These can also form a temperature-stable oxidation barrier as a pure layer or as an additive. In the literature (Evonik) a reduction of water or gas transport by up to 60% at 50% particle content is reported.
- Another possibility is to remove the carbon fibers in the manufacturing process, e.g. Activate less strongly electrochemically before the sizing application, so that an attack of oxygen is difficult.
- oxygen scavengers / antioxidants can also be used.
- Antioxidants are used as additives in the plastics and chemical fiber industry to retard thermo-oxidative degradation processes. These are usually additives that, for example, act as a radical scavenger on the plastic and bind chemical radicals that form through a chemical reaction. Such antioxidants can be used as an additive, for example in the impregnating resin or in the size. The antioxidants bind oxygen, which could already get into the layer with the antioxidants (eg by overcoming upstream protective barriers) to bind and thus keep away from the carbon fiber. In combination with the solutions described above, the use of antioxidants can be protected from oxidation for even longer. The antioxidants are preferably elements that are aufoxidierbar after sufficient temperature entry, thus oxygen bind and keep away from the carbon fiber. In combination with the solutions described above, the use of antioxidants can protect the carbon fiber from oxidation for even longer.
- fire resistance class F90 fire resistance class F90
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102017109476 | 2017-05-03 | ||
PCT/EP2018/061370 WO2018202785A1 (de) | 2017-05-03 | 2018-05-03 | Betonelement mit bewehrung mit verbessertem oxidationsschutz |
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US (1) | US20200055776A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3619178A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3059281A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2019138720A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018202785A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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CN109776000A (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-05-21 | 四川聚创石墨烯科技有限公司 | 花生壳石墨烯水泥基复合浆料、复合材料的制备方法 |
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CN109678436A (zh) * | 2019-01-01 | 2019-04-26 | 中国人民解放军63653部队 | 一种耐高温低烧损自流平混凝土浇筑料 |
WO2021165391A1 (de) | 2020-02-19 | 2021-08-26 | Teijin Carbon Europe Gmbh | Bewehrung aufweisend kohlenstofffasern |
CN111606616A (zh) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-01 | 中铁二局第二工程有限公司 | 一种填充式植物纤维、制备方法以及高强可塑吸波混凝土 |
CN114311275B (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2024-08-06 | 陕西建工新能源有限公司 | 一种新型防腐混凝土预应力管桩生产工艺 |
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CN109776000B (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2021-08-06 | 四川聚创石墨烯科技有限公司 | 花生壳石墨烯水泥基复合浆料、复合材料的制备方法 |
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RU2019138720A3 (de) | 2021-09-09 |
US20200055776A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
CA3059281A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
RU2019138720A (ru) | 2021-06-03 |
WO2018202785A1 (de) | 2018-11-08 |
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