EP3615221B1 - Procédé pour dissocier différents constituants d'un matériau artificiel hétérogène - Google Patents

Procédé pour dissocier différents constituants d'un matériau artificiel hétérogène Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3615221B1
EP3615221B1 EP19715539.3A EP19715539A EP3615221B1 EP 3615221 B1 EP3615221 B1 EP 3615221B1 EP 19715539 A EP19715539 A EP 19715539A EP 3615221 B1 EP3615221 B1 EP 3615221B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fragmentation
machine
constituent
vibrators
particles
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Application number
EP19715539.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3615221A1 (fr
Inventor
Etienne WASIER
Alain Fruchart
Jérôme PORTAL
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Fives FCB SA
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Fives FCB SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
    • B02C2/02—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
    • B02C2/04—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
    • B02C2/02—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
    • B02C2/04—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis
    • B02C2/045—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis and with bowl adjusting or controlling mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
    • B02C2002/002—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers the bowl being a driven element for providing a crushing effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of recycling artificial materials, that is to say materials obtained from a process implemented by humans, as the end product of this process or not. More precisely, the invention relates to the field of heterogeneous artificial materials, that is to say produced from the mixture of several constituents, at least a part of which can be found in the material without modifying their structure.
  • cement concrete typically comprises a gravel, or comprising fragments of rock, trapped in a mortar, which is generally itself a mixture of sand and a cement paste acting as a hydraulic binder.
  • Cement concrete is widely used in construction and infrastructure works, i.e. for example buildings, roads and structures.
  • the production of cement concrete involves the exploitation of natural resources, in particular minerals to extract the aggregate, including gravel and sand.
  • the impact on the environment is therefore not negligible, in particular because of the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources, but also because of the pollution and nuisances caused by the transport of these resources from their place of extraction. until the site where they are used to produce concrete. Demolition waste must also be landfilled.
  • Such landfills in addition to their impact here again on the environment, are also the object of a negative feeling on the part of public opinion.
  • recycled cement concrete is meant the cement concrete obtained from at least one constituent of an initial concrete which has previously poured and dried to achieve a work, which work is then demolished.
  • recycled concrete nevertheless remains complex, in particular because of the presence of undesirable materials in the initial concrete, such as metal pieces, if the upstream sorting has not been correctly carried out and also because of a demand for more water than for concrete not using recycled gravel because of the fracturing of the gravel and the porosity of the old mortar, the mortar being the mixture of sand and cement paste.
  • the presence of old mortar reduces the performance of the resulting concrete, in particular with less resistance to fragmentation compared to non-recycled concrete.
  • a jaw fragmentation machine that is to say comprising two jaws articulated with respect to one another so as to fragment the material by bringing the jaws closer together.
  • the document JP2007-261870 gives an example of such a machine, in which the rate of filling of the fragmentation zone, between the two jaws, is regulated by adjusting the speed of a material feeding belt to the fragmentation machine and the speed an outlet belt recovering the fragmented material at the outlet of the fragmentation machine.
  • the residence time of the material between the jaws is regulated to obtain the release of the grit.
  • the document WO2011 / 142663 also proposes to use a jaw fragmentation machine in which the residence time of the material between the jaws is adjusted by a vertical movement of one of the jaws relative to the other.
  • the document WO2016 / 122324 proposes to blow air between the jaws in order to carry away fine particles and to optimize the fragmentation energy for the material remaining between the jaws.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a method for dissociating different constituents of a heterogeneous artificial material making it possible to recover at least one of the constituents for reuse by means of a fragmentation machine.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide such a method which does not require any additional device for dissociating the constituents.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide such a method with increased control of the quality of the dissociation between the constituents, and therefore increased reliability.
  • a fourth object of the invention is to provide such a simplified method.
  • a fifth object of the invention is to provide such a method with flexibility with respect to the constituents to be dissociated, in order to adapt easily the settings of the fragmentation machine to the material to be fragmented.
  • the control system regulates at least one parameter of the rotation of the vibrators so as to generate a force of fragmentation by the machine making it possible to dissociate at least in part at least one of the constituents of the material from the other constituents.
  • the fragmentation force deployed between the inner track and the outer fragmentation station of the machine is adjusted so as to release one of the constituents of the heterogeneous material from the matrix formed by the other constituents.
  • the released component can then be directly recovered, without necessarily an additional cleaning step.
  • the design of the machine allows the breaking force to be quickly adjusted so that it can be adjusted quickly, without having to stop the machine in operation, for example when the release of the component in question does not comply with a result aimed.
  • the method according to this embodiment can then comprise the adjustment of the relative phase shift angle between the vibrators by the control system to obtain the dissociation of at least one component.
  • the fragmentation force deployed by the machine is regulated by the phase shift angle between the vibrators.
  • Adjusting the phase angle between the vibrators allows fine and precise adjustment of the breaking force. Indeed, as each vibrator is driven independently of the others by an associated motor, the speed and the position of the vibrators relative to each other can be controlled with precision, and maintained throughout the operating time of the machine with great reliability, ensuring the release of a constituent of the starting material according to a desired result, and maintained for the life of the machine.
  • the target force of fragmentation can be determined in various ways. Two embodiments are given below as an example, and may optionally be implemented in combination.
  • the theoretical ratio of the various constituents of the starting heterogeneous material is very often known, or at least an evaluation is possible. Therefore, by comparing the theoretical ratio with the actual ratio, the method makes it possible to evaluate the result of the release of one of the constituents, and to adjust the breaking force of the machine accordingly to obtain the desired result.
  • the material to be fragmented is concrete and comprises a first constituent called gravel and a second constituent called mortar.
  • the gravel is said to be trapped in the mortar, that is to say that the cohesion between the particles of gravel is provided at least in part by the mortar.
  • the method can therefore include the determination of a target fragmentation force generating a stress in the material bed greater than or equal to the compressive strength of the concrete.
  • the compressive strength of concrete is mainly given by the bond between the particles of grit and the mortar.
  • Fine particles then include sand, which can also be upgraded.
  • the fine particles are subjected to a second sorting in order to separate, on the one hand, particles of a size less than a second given value corresponding to the minimum size expected for sand and, on the other hand, the particles. particles larger than said second given value.
  • the fine fraction can be subjected to a second fragmentation step and to a sorting step to separate particles of a size greater than a second. given value corresponding to the minimum expected size for sand and particles of size less than said second given value.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an example of a fragmentation machine 1 for a heterogeneous artificial material by compression into a bed of material suitable for implementing the method according to the invention. Fragmentation by compression in a material bed is particularly suitable, but not exclusively, for the fragmentation of mineral materials.
  • heterogeneous material is meant here a material comprising several constituents linked together so as to form a block.
  • one of the constituents it can be seen as being trapped in a matrix formed from the other constituents.
  • the constituents of a heterogeneous material can be distinguished according to their properties, for example their dimensions, their shape, their porosity, their resistance to wear, their resistance to compression or even their hardness.
  • the cement concrete comprises aggregate particles trapped in the cement paste.
  • the particles of aggregate meet established criteria, such as those established in standard EN12620, and thus include particles of grit and particles of sand, it being expected that the particles of grit are larger in size than those of sand particles.
  • the mixture of sand and cement paste is called mortar, the mortar trapping the gravel.
  • the fragmentation machine 1 comprises in particular a frame 2, intended to rest directly on the ground, or indirectly via a mobile platform resting on the ground.
  • the machine 1 further comprises a tank 3, the interior surface of which forms an interior fragmentation track 3a.
  • the tank 3 is mounted on a frame 4 movable in translation with respect to the frame 2 at least in a transverse plane, which is in practice substantially the horizontal plane.
  • the frame 4 is mounted on the frame 2 by means of elastic studs 4a, deforming elastically both transversely and longitudinally to limit the transmission of vibrations to the frame 2.
  • a hub 5, the outer surface of which forms a outer fragmentation track 5a, is placed inside the tank 3.
  • the hub 5 is mounted on a shaft 6 extending along a longitudinal axis A, which is in practice substantially vertical, and supported by a frame Secondary 2a.
  • the secondary frame 2a is suspended from the frame 4.
  • the term “longitudinal” denotes any axis parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the shaft 6, and the term “transverse” denotes any direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A.
  • the hub 5 is of substantially conical shape. More precisely, the outer track 5a describes a surface of revolution around the substantially conical longitudinal axis A, flaring downwards. In this case, and advantageously, the inner track 3a also describes a surface which is substantially conical around a longitudinal axis, widening upwards.
  • the machine 1 is of the inertia type and for this purpose comprises a device 7 for setting the vessel 3 in vibration relative to the frame 2 in a transverse plane.
  • the tank 3 moves in a plane transverse to the hub 5, so that the material is subjected to a fragmentation pressure between the inner track 3a and the track 5a exterior.
  • the device 7 for setting vibrations comprises at least one type vibrator. unbalance the rotation of which around a longitudinal axis generates the movement of the tank 3 relative to the hub 5 in a transverse plane.
  • the device 7 for setting vibrations comprises at least two vibrators.
  • vibrator is meant here any device whose mass is not perfectly distributed over a volume of revolution and thus generates an unbalance force by rotation.
  • the device 7 for setting vibrations comprises four vibrators 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d distributed in a square on the frame 4.
  • Each vibrator 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d can be formed of two parts distributed on either side of a substantially transverse plane of the frame 4, so that the vibrations of the tank 3 caused by the rotation of the vibrators 8a, 8b 8c, 8d remain substantially in this transverse plane.
  • Each vibrator 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d is fixed on a shaft 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d with a vibrator of longitudinal axis driven in rotation with respect to the frame 4 by a motor 10, including the motors 10 of the shafts 9a, 9b to vibrator are visible on the figure 2 .
  • the tank 3 is put into vibrations and describes a circular translational movement in a transverse plane.
  • Each motor 10 drives the corresponding vibrator independently of the other vibrators. More precisely, each motor 10 drives the position and the speed of rotation of the corresponding vibrator. Thanks to one or more sensors, it is possible to know at any time the position of each of the vibrators, and therefore to adjust the relative angular position between two vibrators, also called phase shift. Thus, each motor 10 is connected to a motor management device 10 so as to adjust the speed of rotation of the vibrators 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d.
  • the machine 1 further comprises a device for measuring the relative phase angle between the vibrators 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, which is connected to the motor management device 10 so as to control the phase shift between the vibrators 8a, 8b , 8c, 8d.
  • the device 7 for vibrating comprises two vibrators driven in rotation by a common motor and around the same longitudinal axis.
  • the phase shift between the two vibrators that is to say the relative angular position around their axis of rotation, is adjustable, for example manually when the machine is stationary or automatically while the machine is operating.
  • the force deployed by the fragmentation machine 1 that is to say the force deployed between the inner track 3a and the outer track 5a by adjusting the parameters of the rotating vibrators.
  • the force deployed by the machine depends in particular on the frequency and the intensity of the vibrations, which in turn depend in particular on the speed of rotation of the vibrator, but also, when there are at least two vibrators, on the phase shift between the at least two vibrators.
  • the machine 1 further comprises a system 11 for controlling at least one parameter of the fragmentation force among the speed of rotation of the vibrator or vibrators and the phase shift angle between at least two vibrators.
  • the fragmentation force implemented by the fragmentation machine 1 can thus be adjusted by adjusting the vibrators so as to release the aggregate from the concrete.
  • the fragmentation machine 1 with the fragmentation force adjusted as described makes it possible to dissociate at least in part one constituent from the other constituents of the starting heterogeneous material, and to recover the original constituent in question.
  • dissociate at least in part is meant here that at least part of the constituent in question is no longer trapped in the matrix formed by the other constituents, but is released.
  • the force of fragmentation thus makes it possible to free, for example, the particles of grit from the mortar.
  • most, if not all, of the particles of gravel are individualized. Fragments of mortar may remain attached to the surface of chippings, or may still bind chippings together. However, the quantity of particles still linked together by mortar is much less than the quantity of individualized particles.
  • Chip particles may have been fragmented under the effect of the force of fragmentation, but for a minority of the chippings.
  • the loose and recovered chippings are, for the most part, the original chippings, that is, those which were in the original concrete.
  • the target force of fragmentation can be determined by theoretical calculation. Indeed, the compressive strength of the mortar is generally lower than that of the gravel, so that it is possible to calculate a target fragmentation force making it possible to break the mortar while limiting, or even avoiding, the fragmentation of the gravel.
  • the target force of fragmentation can be determined from the characteristics of the constituents of the material to be fragmented.
  • the target fragmentation force is reached by iteration, starting from an initial force of the machine and adjusting it by acting on the speed of rotation of the vibrators or by acting on the phase shift between the vibrators up to 'to obtain the dissociation between gravel and mortar.
  • the force of fragmentation is adjusted from the ratio between gravel and mortar.
  • the proportion between gravel and mortar for a type of concrete is generally known.
  • the sorting can be a screening with a criterion on the size of the particles adapted to the recovery of the gravel, the particles of which are of sizes greater than those of the mortar. Two fractions are thus obtained after screening.
  • the presence of mortar implies an absorption of water which is all the more important as the quantity of mortar is important.
  • the quantity of water absorbed by the fraction supposed to include the gravel we obtain an assessment of the quantity of mortar which remains attached to the gravel, and the force of fragmentation of the fragmentation machine 1 can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the adjustment of the fragmentation force by the speed or the phase shift of the vibrators 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d on the machine 1 as presented above makes it possible to carry out a particularly reactive process, the fragmentation force deployed by the machine being modified in seconds, without having to stop the machine or the material feed. Further, by adjusting the speed and phase shift of vibrators 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, it is possible to obtain a wide range of values for the fragmentation force deployed by the machine 1.
  • the process can be implemented on any material bed compression and inertial fragmentation machine in which the speed and / or the phase shift of the vibrators are adjustable, manually or automatically, during operation of the machine or at the machine. 'stop.
  • the figure 3 illustrates an example of implementation of the method according to the invention on the machine 1 presented above.
  • the material 12 to be fragmented comprises at least two constituents, as illustrated schematically on the figure. figure 4 .
  • the material 12 to be fragmented comprises a matrix 120 composed of the mortar, that is to say a mixture of sand and cement paste, and particles 121 of gravel trapped in the mortar that is, the surface of the gravel particles 121 is bonded to the mortar.
  • the material 12 passes between the inner fragmentation track 3a and the outer fragmentation track 5a.
  • the pressure exerted by the bed of material on the mortar and the grit breaks the bond between the grit particles and the mortar, releasing the grit.
  • the fragmented material is then subjected to sorting in a sorting device 13, for example based on size, it being expected that the particles of the grit are of a size greater than those of the mortar.
  • a sorting device 13 At the outlet of the sorting device 13, two fractions are recovered: a first fraction 14 comprising the particles of larger size, and called coarse fraction, and a second fraction 15 comprising the finer particles, called fine fraction.
  • the coarse fraction 14 thus comprises the chippings released from the mortar, and preferably chippings for the most part compared to the mortar. More precisely, mortar can stick to certain particles of the gravel. However, by the flexibility of setting the breaking force of the machine, it is possible to determine an acceptable rate for the presence of mortar in the coarse fraction 14. In general, the proportion of mortar varies between 10% and 70% by mass in the concrete feeding the fragmentation machine 1. After fragmentation, the coarse fraction can then contain less than 10% and preferably less than 5% by mass of mortar.
  • the fine fraction then comprises mainly, and preferably exclusively, mortar which is itself a mixture of sand and cement paste.
  • the fine fraction 15 can be sent to a second fragmentation machine 16, substantially similar to the machine 1 already described above, in order to separate the sand from the cement paste.
  • the material recovered at the outlet of the second fragmentation machine 16 is subjected to sorting in a second sorting device 17 with a sorting criterion adapted to the separation between the sand and the cement paste.
  • the passage in the second fraction machine 16 is optional, because it is possible that all the aggregate, that is to say the sand and the gravel, has already been sufficiently dissociated from the cement paste in the first machine 1 of fragmentation so that the fine fraction 15 can be sent directly to the second sorting device 17.
  • the sorting criterion can again be based on size. Two fractions are then recovered again, namely a fraction comprising particles of size greater than a given value corresponding to the minimum size expected for sand and another fraction comprising particles of size smaller than this given value.
  • all or part of the fragmented material is recirculated, that is to say after it has passed through the fragmentation machine 1, in order in particular to homogenize the compression forces by multiplying the compression points on the particles of the grit and therefore limit the production of particles with a particle size smaller than the expected particle size for the grit.
  • part of the fragmented material is recovered directly at the outlet of the fragmentation machine 1 and returned to the feed of the machine 1.
  • the fragmented material is subjected to a sorting step, and all or part of one or more fractions recovered after sorting is returned to the feed of machine 1.
  • the recirculation of a fraction to machine 1 can be carried out to improve what is called the kurtosis coefficient.
  • the flattening coefficient makes it possible to characterize the shape of particles, in particular for particles of gravel in the field of cement concrete.
  • the flattening coefficient notably gives an indication of the fragility of the gravel.
  • the more the shape is elongated and flat the more the particle is fragile, ultimately making the concrete fragile.
  • the higher the kurtosis coefficient the more fragile the particles. Therefore, it is possible to determine a target value, or in any case a maximum value, for the expected flattening coefficient, for example for the chippings leaving the machine.
  • By measuring the flattening coefficient of the chippings after fragmentation it is then possible to adjust the flow rate and / or the particle size range of each recirculated fraction according to the difference between the determined flattening coefficient and the measured flattening coefficient .
  • recirculation in particular of the fine fraction in the case of concrete, can also promote the phenomenon of attrition, in particular on the mortar stuck to the particles of the gravel in the case of concrete, so as to improve the release of the gravel.
  • a cleaning rate characterizing the quantity of mortar remaining attached to the particles of grit. It may for example be the mass of mortar which is recovered by different techniques, such as scraping or chemical cleaning, on a sample of chippings.
  • the cleaning rate can also be defined from the water demand.
  • the flow rate and / or the particle size range of each recirculated fraction are then adjusted as a function of the difference between the determined cleaning rate and the measured cleaning rate.
  • an adjuvant can be added to the feed of the fragmentation machine 1 in order to facilitate the dissociation between the grit and the mortar.
  • the adjuvant can have the effect, for example, of weakening the bond between the mortar and the gravel, or of preventing the particles, both of the gravel and of the mortar, from agglomerating, thus facilitating any screening.
  • the fragmentation machine 1 can easily be adjusted so as to obtain the desired result.
  • the process thus makes it possible to reliably obtain a fraction comprising grit which can be used directly in the formulation of a new concrete, without an additional cleaning step.
  • the machine also makes it possible to recover a fraction comprising sand and a fraction comprising cement, which in turn can be reused in the formulation of a new concrete.
  • the description relates to the example of cement concrete, thanks in particular to the flexibility in the adjustment of the fragmentation force, the method can be implemented on any heterogeneous artificial material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
EP19715539.3A 2018-03-02 2019-03-01 Procédé pour dissocier différents constituants d'un matériau artificiel hétérogène Active EP3615221B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1851842A FR3078493B1 (fr) 2018-03-02 2018-03-02 Procede pour dissocier differents constituants d'un materiau artificiel heterogene
PCT/FR2019/050470 WO2019166746A1 (fr) 2018-03-02 2019-03-01 Procédé pour dissocier différents constituants d'un matériau artificiel hétérogène

Publications (2)

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EP3615221A1 EP3615221A1 (fr) 2020-03-04
EP3615221B1 true EP3615221B1 (fr) 2021-02-17

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US (1) US11298702B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP3615221B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN111902214B (ru)
ES (1) ES2870561T3 (ru)
FR (1) FR3078493B1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2739608C1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2019166746A1 (ru)

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FR3113465A1 (fr) * 2021-01-08 2022-02-25 Fives Fcb Procédé de carbonatation forcée d’une fraction fine d’un béton de déconstruction

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US20210053067A1 (en) 2021-02-25
WO2019166746A1 (fr) 2019-09-06
FR3078493A1 (fr) 2019-09-06
CN111902214B (zh) 2022-03-04
ES2870561T3 (es) 2021-10-27
RU2739608C1 (ru) 2020-12-28
FR3078493B1 (fr) 2020-02-14
CN111902214A (zh) 2020-11-06
EP3615221A1 (fr) 2020-03-04
US11298702B2 (en) 2022-04-12

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