EP3612369A1 - Contrôle d'un processus de fabrication d'additifs - Google Patents

Contrôle d'un processus de fabrication d'additifs

Info

Publication number
EP3612369A1
EP3612369A1 EP18717360.4A EP18717360A EP3612369A1 EP 3612369 A1 EP3612369 A1 EP 3612369A1 EP 18717360 A EP18717360 A EP 18717360A EP 3612369 A1 EP3612369 A1 EP 3612369A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
irradiation
process space
control
control data
record
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18717360.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Frohnmaier
Marcus Schmidt
Harald Kraus
Michael SIRCH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EOS GmbH
Original Assignee
EOS GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EOS GmbH filed Critical EOS GmbH
Publication of EP3612369A1 publication Critical patent/EP3612369A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0081—Process control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/41875—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by quality surveillance of production
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B22F12/45—Two or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49007—Making, forming 3-D object, model, surface

Definitions

  • additive manufacturing processes are to be understood as those production processes in which, based on digital 3D design data, as a rule, by depositing material, a production product or component is built up.
  • 3D printing is often used as a synonym for additive manufacturing
  • the production of models, samples and prototypes with additive manufacturing processes is often referred to as “rapid prototyping” and the manufacture of tools as “rapid tooling”
  • rapid prototyping the production of tools as “rapid tooling”
  • a key issue is the selective solidification of the building material, this solidification in many manufacturing processes by means of irradiation with radiant energy, for.
  • the detected signal depends on the radiation emitted or reflected by the molten bath and can be correlated with the intensity of the energy input, for example of the construction field or even of the entire construction field.
  • This method of construction process monitoring is known inter alia under the name "Optical Tomography”.
  • the signal can be used for a quality statement about the finished component.
  • the spatially resolved sensor values ie the sensor values associated with the respective coordinate values from which the respective sensor value was acquired, can be displayed for this purpose. This can be z. B. by means of a visualization device, for example, on a display done.
  • This object is firstly by a method (or control method) according to claim 1, by a method for controlling an additive manufacturing process according to claim 10 and the use of irradiation control data according to claim 1 1 and on the other by a control device according to claim 12, a control device according to Claim 13 and an apparatus for additive manufacturing according to claim 14 solved.
  • a process space control data record is generated on the basis of the irradiation control data, in which control data are coded in the manner of the process chamber.
  • This process space control data record or an analysis of this process Room quality control data set can then be used to determine quality data relating at least to the production process, in particular quality data relating to the production product which has been produced or is yet to be produced (also referred to as "object" for short) to include or allow the quality.
  • a probability of a visible or easily measurable quality of a manufactured product eg. B. smoothness, regularity and dimensional accuracy of surfaces;
  • the control data are obtained according to the invention at least from the irradiation control data or generated by a transformation of the irradiation control data.
  • the irradiation data normally present within the scope of the usual control method of an additive manufacturing process are coded on a time-based basis, ie they are in the form of a sequence (which may also be in the form of time samples) which shows at which position in the process space an irradiation takes place and which property has this radiation.
  • "properties” can be understood as meaning, inter alia, a power, a local speed, a focal position of a beam or a beam profile, etc.
  • radiation control data can contain data about the energy and / or metadata introduced or to be introduced at a specific point (or irradiation metadata) that contain information about the irradiation strategy, for example, how often an irradiation takes place, which type of irradiation is used and in which order, etc. This will be explained later on the basis of exemplary embodiments.
  • these irradiation control data are brought into a multidimensional or three-dimensional matrix structure from which application-specific information is derived by a "view" of this structure, ie a type of filtering.
  • process space control record based on the irradiation control data so a kind of reference data set or target data set can be generated in the appropriate for each process room point information to control the manufacturing process or for the further analysis and determination of quality data are provided.
  • further process control data may additionally be coded in the process room control data record or in the individual control data in the same way as the process area. Also to be given later examples.
  • This process space sensor data set contains spatially resolved - ie likewise matrix-like in the same or a differently resolved process space bitmap as the process space control data record - information that is related to an energy density and quantity actually introduced into the building material.
  • the process space sensor data set can also be correlated with various other criteria, such as, at which location of the process space which material or which mixture of materials, which particle size distribution is present, because all these data also have an impact on the emissions.
  • the process space sensor data set can be measured directly by a suitable sensor arrangement or a camera as described above, or it can also be taken from a measurement which itself is undertaken for other purposes.
  • the dimensions or the volume of a process space point can be freely selected for both the process space control data record and the process space sensor data record.
  • the partial area of the construction field mapped in a process space point can be about 1 millionth of the total area of the construction field.
  • a depth of a process space point may, for. B. correspond to a thickness of a single layer.
  • a process space control data record or a process space sensor data record can therefore comprise several tens of selectively solidified layers in the z-direction of a construction volume, ie in the vertical direction (eg 20000).
  • irradiation takes place in the form of adjacent strips or surfaces in a specific pattern, for. B. a checkerboard pattern, which may also overlap each other at least partially.
  • irradiation sub-areas in the case of scanner-based systems, these can also be called "scan areas."
  • scan areas it is usually sufficient to specify whether the process space point is in such an overlap area or directly at a boundary an adjacent irradiation sub-areas or not.
  • control data can be encoded in any way on the individual process space points, wherein u. a. it is possible to assign a tetupula or vector of individual control data to each pixel. Preferably, there is only a single value for each process room point.
  • a coding of the control values of the image format can be carried out in a bitwise manner in such a way that physical parameters, for example introduced energy densities or quantities, are stored in higher-order bits as z.
  • physical parameters for example introduced energy densities or quantities
  • other values such as ordinal digits or the like may be coded in order to be able to perceive these physical parameters directly with the naked eye in a representation of the bytes converted into an image. It can also be ensured that z.
  • types of irradiation which are correlated with higher energy inputs are encoded in higher-order bits, as irradiation types with relatively lower energy inputs, ie z. B.
  • a modification of the process space control data set during the production process may be particularly preferred in the case of production of the control data record prior to the execution of the manufacturing process, d. H. the main effort for creating the process space control record can be made even before the start of a manufacturing process, and then required modifications in the process space control record are made, so for example, only at the process room points new control data determined where this is required.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a second example of a possible sequence of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a first example of a possible bit-by-bit coding of control data in a process space control data record according to the invention
  • FIG. 9 shows a second example of a possible bit-by-bit coding of control data in a process space control data record according to the invention
  • FIG. 11 shows another example of the visual output (inverted) of a part of the process space control data record with a coding according to FIG. 9 in the form of a slice image, now restricted to the lower channel (ie the lower 8 bits) containing the irradiation information,
  • laser sintering device 1 for the additive production of production products in the form of a laser sintering or laser melting device 1, wherein explicitly it is again pointed out that the invention is not limited to laser sintering or laser melting devices.
  • the device will hereinafter - without limitation of generality - therefore briefly referred to as "laser sintering device" 1.
  • the signals detected by the sensor arrangement 35 are transmitted here as the process space sensor data record SDS to a control device 30 of the laser sintering apparatus 1, which also serves to control the various components of the laser sintering apparatus 1 for the entire control of the additive manufacturing process.
  • the control unit 29 also controls the radiant heater 17 by means of suitable heating control data HS, the coater 16 by means of coating control data ST, and the movement of the carrier 10 by means of carrier control data TS.
  • the controller 30 is here z. B. via a bus 34 or other data connection, coupled to a terminal 40 with a display or the like. Via this terminal, an operator can control the control device and thus the entire laser sintering device 1.
  • the process space sensor data record SDS and / or the process space control data record KDS and / or the determined quality data QD can be visualized in a suitable manner on the display of the terminal 40, as will be explained later by way of examples.
  • the present invention is not limited to such a laser sintering device 1. It can be applied to any other methods for generatively producing a three-dimensional object by, in particular, layered, applying and selectively solidifying a building material, wherein an energy beam for solidifying is delivered to the building material to be solidified.
  • the irradiation device can not only be a laser as described here, but any device could be used with which energy can be selected as wave or particle radiation. tiv on or in the building material can be brought. For example, instead of a laser, another light source, an electron beam, etc. could be used.
  • the building material is scanned layer by layer at locations corresponding to the cross sections of the objects in the respective layer, by the energy beam.
  • FIG. 2 shows a greatly simplified flow chart for a method according to the invention.
  • the process control data PS is initially set as a whole, i. H.
  • process control data PS in particular exposure control data BS, but also control data for heating, for the coater, for a flow of the process chamber, for the carrier control, etc. are defined. This can be done at any time prior to the implementation of an additive manufacturing process.
  • the process control data PS can z. B. also via the bus 34 to the control device 30, in particular the control unit 29 and the control data record determination device 32, are transmitted (see Figure 1).
  • the irradiation control data BS are then transferred to the irradiation device 20, wherein the transfer of the irradiation control data BS takes place in the form of a sequential data stream with vectors.
  • the laser beam 22 then moves the current layer, in which the solidification of the build material 13 is to take place selectively, along an irradiation path according to a predetermined irradiation pattern, which may be, for example, a striped pattern or a checkerboard pattern. (Step IIa).
  • process emissions arise in the respective layer at the selectively irradiated points, as has already been described above, which are detected in step IIIa by means of a suitable sensor device 35, here the camera 35.
  • the steps IIa and IIIa therefore, are essentially almost parallel and continuous, when building material is to be solidified in a manufacturing process.
  • step IVa the data of the sensor device 35 are read out here and, if they are not already present as image data of the camera, ie as two-dimensional images, if necessary taking into account the current coordinates of the laser beam to 2D images for the individual layers together. Furthermore, here also several 2D images of different layers can be combined to form a three-dimensional volume image data set. A 2D image of a single layer can in turn consist of several z. B. recorded over a solidification period of the layer away, for. B. burst images, be composed. That is, a plurality of images can be captured while the film is selectively solidified, and the images are then combined appropriately.
  • a first evaluation of the process control data in particular the exposure control data BS, can then be carried out and, if necessary, corrections made to these data, which is schematically represented by the dashed arrow from step IIb to step I, in that first quality data QD is already returned to the process control.
  • This step is optional.
  • the process space control data set KDS determined in step IIb is to be compared with the sensor space data set SDS created in step IVa.
  • Both the process space control data record KDS and the process space sensor data record SDS are present in the form of control data or sensor data for the individual process space points in a respective fixed process space matrix.
  • the process space control data record KDS is usually already present in the form of a three-dimensional image, which can also be subdivided into two-dimensional layers. For comparison, it makes sense to match the process space matrix of these two data sets KDS, SDS, ie to ensure that the spatial resolution, ie the screening, is identical and that the field of view corresponds to one another.
  • step V the process space control data record KDS and the process space sensor data record SDS are merged and an area-specific parameterization takes place, possibly also an actual / target comparison, in order to determine the quality data QD.
  • This quality data QD can be, for example, information as to whether at a certain location the values measured by the sensor arrangement 35 lie within a predetermined tolerance band or not. Examples of this will be given later.
  • the quality data QD can then be output to the operator, for example on a display of the terminal 40 (see Figure 1) in the form of an image of the respective layer or in the form of a 3D representation of the constructed manufacturing products.
  • the quality data QD can also serve to modify process control data during an additive manufacturing process and / or for a subsequent manufacturing process in order to process locally, ie. H. in a partial area of an object cross section to be solidified, or globally, d. H. Based on one or more layer (s) to improve a quality of the manufacturing process or a component. This return of the quality data QD is symbolized by the dashed arrow from step V to step I.
  • step IIIb is possible only during the production process, ie during the recording of the process emissions with the sensor device, then the step IIb of creating the process space control data record KDS could accordingly only take place during an ongoing production process or afterwards. If the required data for the characterization of the sensor space are already known in advance, it goes without saying that step IIb can also take place before steps IIa, IIIa and IV. Incidentally, the method illustrated in FIG. 3 can proceed analogously to the method illustrated in FIG.
  • two spatial regions Ty1 and Ty2 are shown in which irradiation with different types of irradiation is to be performed.
  • the "inskin" type of irradiation may be provided, since this is an area inside the finished product, and the smaller room area Ty2 may be one down, ie, for example, in a direction perpendicular to the work plane 7 down-facing surface of the finished product, which bears directly on unconsolidated material
  • Ty2 irradiation with the irradiation type "Downskin" is to take place.
  • the material with different types of irradiation or irradiation strategies is solidified in this area, different measured values M at the individual positions or pixels in this area are accordingly measured accordingly.
  • the respective measured value M can simply be the measured radiation intensity of the emissions. It is customary that in areas in which more solidification is required, more irradiation energy is introduced and, accordingly, the emission values are higher than in the area in which the most dimensionally stable and smooth surface structure is to be created.
  • the respective measured value M1, M2 above a plane corresponding to the layer coordinates is usually plotted two-dimensionally for a layer.
  • the scaling of the measured values M on the ordinate is also chosen arbitrarily, since this is only about the principle.
  • the mutually partially overlapping tolerance ranges T1, T2 are shown for the respective types of irradiation. From this it can be clearly seen that by using the process chamber according to the invention Control data set is now possible to customize the tolerance ranges T1, T2 more specifically to the respective space area Ty1, Ty2 and the exposure strategy present there and thus to choose narrower than a tolerance range T3, which includes the two tolerance ranges T1, T2.
  • the coding of the irradiation control data in the control data of the process space control data record can take place in different ways.
  • the type of irradiation, a component identification, the time of the irradiation, certain irradiation events or sequences of irradiation events can be encoded, wherein z. B. nominal values of the control commands for the irradiation device are accepted and recoded into the respective code.
  • aggregation of the continuous irradiation events within a discrete spatial process space point corresponding to the coding based on certain computational operations is possible.
  • the total energy input which is to be generated by the respective irradiation ie the desired total energy input
  • other physical variables such as, for example, emission values expected directly from this process space point, if converted into such emission values, can be coded in the control data as well such as an integration of such total energy inputs or the other physical quantities.
  • the approach of coding in the form of individual image values reduces the information in part. For example, there is no longer absolute time information, ie. H. it is not recorded when exactly at a certain process spot point is irradiated with a specific type of irradiation, but only information about the temporal sequence of the applied types of irradiation in the respective process room point. In particular, in a layer-based monitoring approach in which an image is made per layer, however, this time information is of minor relevance in any case. In most cases, it is more important for the evaluation to know at which points there is an overlap of irradiations or where multiple exposures have been made.
  • Control record is encoded to be able to determine immediately in the case of an error detected which manufacturing product is affected by several parallel in a joint manufacturing process manufactured products by this error.
  • the first 16 bits contain the information PT about the production product.
  • the lowest 15 bits of these top 16 bits are used to encode the object identification number PID.
  • the most significant bit (MSB) serves as a "flag" or tag for part overlap information PO indicating whether or not there are multiple parts at that position, in some cases when two parts at one In this case, the most significant bit MSB containing the part overlap information PO is set to 1 (instead of 0 if there is no overlap at that position) and only the last object identification number PID is stored in the subsequent 15 bits (ie the object identification number PID is overwritten).
  • the process space point PPj is only traversed by irradiation paths PINS in which the laser is operated with the "Inskin" type of irradiation, ie, this is an area inside the finished product Bits (see FIG. 7) of the control value KW for this process space point PPj only the lowermost bit is set to 1, which serves as a flag for an "inskin" irradiation, whereas the process space point PPi should also have an edge or an edge of the production product (FIG.
  • Additional 8 bits can be provided, for example, by extending the entire control value KW to 32 bits, or by dispensing with the object identification number, for example, or by a lesser number of bits for this object identification number, for example 7 bits plus 1 bit for signaling a part overlap.
  • the flag for the part overlap information PO has been set to the least significant bit (LSB) of the upper 16 bits of the information PT about the production product.
  • the uppermost 15 bits are thus used to encode the object identification number PID.
  • a bit shift took place in the lower 8 bits.
  • the reserve bit RES has been shifted to the least significant bit LSB and the group of bits for the irradiation types CON, EDG, INS, UPS, DOS, SUP has been shifted up by 1 bit.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are based on a coding of the characteristic values KW ', as shown in FIG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

La description concerne un procédé de contrôle d'un processus de fabrication d'additifs en vue de la confection d'un produit fini (2) par solidification sélective de matériaux de construction (13) dans une chambre de traitement (3), le matériau de construction (13) étant irradié selon des données de contrôle d'irradiation (BS) susceptibles d'être prédéterminées pour la solidification. Pour contrôler le processus de fabrication, un ensemble de données de contrôle de la chambre de traitement (KDS), dans lequel les données de contrôle (KD) sont codées par points dans la chambre de traitement, est généré sur la base des données de contrôle d'irradiation (BS). Les données de qualité (QD) relatives au processus de production sont déterminées sur la base de l'ensemble de données de contrôle de la chambre de traitement (KDS). La description concerne en outre un dispositif de contrôle approprié (31) et un dispositif de commande (30) d'un dispositif (1) permettant de fabriquer les additifs des produits finis (2) ainsi qu'un dispositif (1) permettant de fabriquer les additifs des produits finis (2) grâce à un tel dispositif de commande (30).
EP18717360.4A 2017-04-21 2018-04-12 Contrôle d'un processus de fabrication d'additifs Pending EP3612369A1 (fr)

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DE102017108534.3A DE102017108534A1 (de) 2017-04-21 2017-04-21 Kontrolle eines additiven Fertigungsprozesses
PCT/EP2018/059380 WO2018192833A1 (fr) 2017-04-21 2018-04-12 Contrôle d'un processus de fabrication d'additifs

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WO (1) WO2018192833A1 (fr)

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US20190389137A1 (en) 2019-12-26
US11426944B2 (en) 2022-08-30
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