EP3602689A1 - Electromagnetic antenna - Google Patents
Electromagnetic antennaInfo
- Publication number
- EP3602689A1 EP3602689A1 EP18711379.0A EP18711379A EP3602689A1 EP 3602689 A1 EP3602689 A1 EP 3602689A1 EP 18711379 A EP18711379 A EP 18711379A EP 3602689 A1 EP3602689 A1 EP 3602689A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- electromagnetic
- radiating
- coupling slot
- waveguide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromagnetic antenna of the type comprising a first radiating part with an electromagnetic waveguide of predetermined geometrical shape.
- the invention is in the field of partially active or passive electromagnetic antennas, used in the field of radar or radiocommunications.
- one or more active circuits for example amplifiers or phase shifters, for processing the signal transmitted or received by such an antenna, to obtain an active antenna. more compact.
- Slotted antennas comprising a radiation portion consisting of a waveguide having radiating slots. Such antennas have the advantage of having low electrical losses, but not allowing easy integration of active circuits.
- Antennas consisting of a stack of layers of dielectric substrates etched with metal tracks are also known, the coupling between layers being obtained via metallized holes, also called vias, or by electromagnetic coupling by opening or by proximity.
- layer stack antennas generally have significant electrical losses.
- the invention proposes an electromagnetic antenna comprising a first radiating part with electromagnetic waveguides of predetermined geometrical shape, forming a first electromagnetic propagation medium and comprising a first radiation wall comprising a plurality of slots. radiating spaced apart, each radiating slot extending in a first longitudinal direction, and a second wall opposite the first radiation wall.
- the antenna comprises a second active part comprising a stack of at least two dielectric layers, at least one of the dielectric layers being etched with at least one metal track terminating in at least one active circuit, forming a second electromagnetic propagation medium, at least a portion of said second active portion being pressed against said second wall in a contact zone.
- the antenna comprises a coupling slot located in said contact zone, the coupling slot passing through said second wall, said coupling slot extending in a second direction forming a non-zero orientation angle with said first direction longitudinal.
- the electromagnetic antenna according to the invention has low electrical losses thanks to a radiating surface similar to the radiating surface of a conventional antenna slotted guide.
- the coupling slot makes it possible to minimize the bulk, no additional coupling or connection element being added.
- the electromagnetic antenna according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics, taken independently or in combination, in any technically acceptable combination.
- the second active part comprises a metallized layer etched on an upper dielectric layer of the stack, said metallized layer being pressed against the second wall of the waveguide, and the coupling slot is formed of two parts, a first part crossing said second wall and a second portion passing through said metallized layer.
- the second active part comprises a metallized layer etched on an upper dielectric layer of the stack, said metallized layer forming said second wall of the waveguide.
- the first radiation wall has a plurality of radiating slots positioned in a predetermined regular grid, and the coupling slot is located opposite a slitless zone of the first wall.
- the waveguide of the first radiating part is a rectangular section waveguide, said first wall and second wall being substantially parallel.
- the coupling slot is centered with respect to the second wall of the waveguide.
- the orientation angle is substantially equal to 45 degrees.
- the second propagation medium has an associated wavelength
- the second active portion comprises a transmission line printed between two layers dielectric stacked, the transmission line having a termination portion whose length is a function of said wavelength associated with the second propagation medium.
- FIG. 1 is schematic exploded view of an electromagnetic antenna according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view from above of the antenna of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an electromagnetic antenna according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- an electromagnetic antenna 10 comprises a first radiating portion 12 and a second active portion 14 adapted to be connected to or comprising at least one active circuit 50.
- the active circuit is an amplifier or a phase shifter.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the first radiating portion 12 and the second active portion 14, in exploded perspective.
- the first radiating portion 12 is of slotted waveguide type, as explained in more detail below. This first radiating part of the antenna constitutes a first electromagnetic propagation medium.
- the second active part consists of a stack of layers of dielectric substrates etched with metal tracks, the links from one layer to another being made via metallized holes, also called vias.
- the active part of the antenna constitutes a second electromagnetic propagation medium.
- the first radiating part 12 comprises a waveguide 16 of predetermined geometrical shape, which is a parallelepipedal waveguide, therefore with a rectangular section, in the example illustrated.
- a waveguide 16 having another geometric shape is possible, for example having a recess (in English 'ridge') to increase its frequency band.
- the waveguide 16 is made of a metallic material, and has walls of a given thickness, and is filled with air, or completely or partially filled with a first dielectric material.
- the waveguide 16 comprises a first wall 18, called a radiation wall, and a second wall 20, which is opposite to the first wall 18.
- the first wall 18 and the second wall 20 are substantially parallel.
- first wall 18 which is the radiation wall, are formed at least two radiating slots 22.
- Each radiating slot 22 is an opening formed in the thickness of the first wall 18, of given shape, size and orientation, allowing controlled radiation of the electromagnetic waves.
- radiating slots 22 are positioned in a regular grid, along the X, Y directions of the plane.
- the shape, size, orientation and position of the radiating slots define the radiation pattern of the antenna.
- the direction X is the longitudinal direction
- the direction Y is the transverse direction
- the direction Z is the direction orthogonal to the plane (X, Y), so as to form an orthonormal spatial coordinate system ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ).
- Two successive radiating slots in a given direction are spaced a predetermined distance apart.
- each radiating slot 22 has a shape of rectangle with rounded corners as shown in Figure 1, extending in a first direction, which is the longitudinal direction X.
- all the radiating slots in the first wall 18 of the waveguide have the same geometric shape and the same dimensions.
- the radiating slots 22 have a similar shape but different dimensions.
- the first wall 18 has, between the slots, zones 23 without a slot, also called non-radiating zones.
- the waveguide distributes an electromagnetic signal to the radiating slots 22.
- first radiating portion 12 and the second active portion 14 are pressed against each other, without separation between these two parts.
- the first radiating part 12 and the second active part 14 are aligned longitudinally and are pressed against one another, the outer face 20a of the second wall 20 being glued to an upper layer of the second active part and forming a contact zone.
- the first radiating portion 12 and the second active portion 14 are coupled by a coupling slot 30 located in the contact zone and which passes through the second wall 20 to an upper dielectric layer of the stack forming the second active portion.
- the dielectric layers of the second active portion are made with a second dielectric material.
- the coupling slot 30 extends in a second direction A forming a non-zero orientation angle, denoted a, with the first direction X.
- the angle of orientation here is the acute angle formed between the first direction X and the second direction A.
- the coupling slot 30 is placed facing the first wall 18 of the waveguide 16, at a zone without slot 23, that is to say located between two successive slots.
- the coupling slot 30 is centered with respect to the second wall 20.
- the non-zero orientation angle ⁇ is preferably substantially equal to 45 °.
- the coupling slot 30 When the coupling slot 30 is placed at a distance equal to a quarter of a guided wavelength of the radiating slots 22 along the longitudinal axis X, it does not disturb the radiation, and is functionally analogous to a transformer towards the second part. active 14.
- the waveguide 16 is excited via the coupling slot 30, which allows a direct connection to the stacked dielectric layers of the second active portion 14, and to distribute an electromagnetic signal from the circuit active between an access of the antenna and the radiating slots.
- the second active portion 14 is a triplate-type printed circuit and comprises two stacked dielectric layers, denoted respectively 42, 44.
- the shield for blocking the propagation of parasitic electromagnetic modes is formed by a set of holes.
- Each dielectric layer 42, 44 has a lower face 42a, 44a and an upper face 42b, 44b.
- a printed segment 40, forming a transmission line, is printed between the two dielectric layers, either on the lower face of the layer 42 or on the upper face of the layer 44.
- the layer 42 is at least partially covered, on its upper face 42b, with a metallized layer 21 forming a first ground plane P1.
- the coupling slot 30 is made in two parts, a first part formed by the slot 30a which passes through the second metal wall 20, and a second part formed by the slot 30b which passes through the metallized layer 21.
- the two parts 30a and 30b of the coupling slot 30 are of the same shape and aligned on all edges.
- the slots 30a and 30b are made separately, the coupling slot 30 being formed when the first radiating portion and the second active portion are assembled.
- the metallized layer 21 is replaced by the second wall 20 of the waveguide 16, when the latter is in continuity of mass with the upper face 42b of the layer 42.
- the first P1 ground plane is formed by the second wall 20, and the coupling is performed by the coupling slot 30a formed in the second wall 20 of the waveguide.
- the layer 42 comprises a metallized layer 21 on its upper face, and the metallized layer 21 constitutes the second wall 20 of the waveguide 16.
- the coupling slot 30 is formed by the slot 30b made in the metallized layer 21.
- the layer 44 is at least partially covered, on its lower face 44a, with a metallized layer 25 forming a second ground plane P2.
- the printed segment 40 is connected to an active circuit 50, for example an amplifier or a phase-shifter.
- an active circuit 50 for example an amplifier or a phase-shifter.
- Figure 1 comprises only two dielectric layers stacked, but of course, this is an example, any other number of stacked layers being conceivable.
- the equivalent 'circuit' type circuit diagram of the inclined coupling slot 30 consists of an impedance inserted in series on a line.
- the transmission line 40 is terminated at its other end by a termination portion 48 in an open circuit, also called a "stub", whose impedance reduced at the coupling slot allows a total coupling of the energy to the radiating guide 16.
- the electromagnetic antenna also comprises a first radiating part and a second active part coupled via an inclined coupling slot.
- the second active portion is disposed at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the first radiating portion.
- the metal portion forming a contact zone is either made by bonding a portion of the second wall of the waveguide and a corresponding portion of an upper metallized layer of the second active portion, either by a portion of the second wall of the waveguide only, or by a portion of an upper metallized layer of the second active portion only.
- the coupling slot 30 passes through the metal portion of the contact zone to the upper dielectric layer of the second active portion.
- the coupling slot 30 is oriented at 45 °.
- the electromagnetic antenna according to the invention comprises a radiating waveguide portion having reduced ohmic losses, and an active portion compatible with the implementation and implementation of active circuits.
- the implementation of the coupling between the first radiating part and the second active part by an inclined coupling slot is easier to achieve than in the case where an additional coupling element and connection would be added, the overall size of the antenna is reduced and the ohmic losses are minimized.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1700304A FR3064408B1 (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2017-03-23 | ELECTROMAGNETIC ANTENNA |
PCT/EP2018/057297 WO2018172459A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2018-03-22 | Electromagnetic antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3602689A1 true EP3602689A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
EP3602689B1 EP3602689B1 (en) | 2021-05-26 |
Family
ID=59649758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18711379.0A Active EP3602689B1 (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2018-03-22 | Electromagnetic antenna |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200059002A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3602689B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3064408B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018172459A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11901601B2 (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2024-02-13 | Aptiv Technologies Limited | Waveguide with a zigzag for suppressing grating lobes |
US11444364B2 (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2022-09-13 | Aptiv Technologies Limited | Folded waveguide for antenna |
US11962085B2 (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2024-04-16 | Aptiv Technologies AG | Two-part folded waveguide having a sinusoidal shape channel including horn shape radiating slots formed therein which are spaced apart by one-half wavelength |
US11616282B2 (en) | 2021-08-03 | 2023-03-28 | Aptiv Technologies Limited | Transition between a single-ended port and differential ports having stubs that match with input impedances of the single-ended and differential ports |
CN116231288B (en) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-06-30 | 广东工业大学 | Low-profile dual-frequency vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2249437B1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2019-02-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Waveguide slot array antenna apparatus |
EP3462543B1 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2021-05-05 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Array antenna |
-
2017
- 2017-03-23 FR FR1700304A patent/FR3064408B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-03-22 US US16/496,224 patent/US20200059002A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-03-22 EP EP18711379.0A patent/EP3602689B1/en active Active
- 2018-03-22 WO PCT/EP2018/057297 patent/WO2018172459A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20200059002A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
EP3602689B1 (en) | 2021-05-26 |
FR3064408A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 |
FR3064408B1 (en) | 2019-04-26 |
WO2018172459A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
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