Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
  • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
  • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
  • C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
  • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
  • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
  • C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/003—Apparatus
  • C23C2/0035—Means for continuously moving substrate through, into or out of the bath
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/003—Apparatus
  • C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
  • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
  • C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
  • C23C2/36—Elongated material
  • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/50—Controlling or regulating the coating processes
  • C23C2/52—Controlling or regulating the coating processes with means for measuring or sensing

Definitions

• the invention relates to cooling sections of continuous lines for annealing or galvanizing steel strips.
• the present description is intended for all dip coating, whether it is zinc coatings, aluminum, zinc alloys and aluminum, or any other type of coatings.
• the invention particularly relates to the rapid cooling sections of these lines.
• a strip of steel scrolls in different sections inside which it undergoes a heat treatment including in particular phases of heating, cooling or maintenance temperature.
• the cooling phase of the steel strips is particularly critical. Indeed, it is the cooling phase that mainly conditions the final mechanical and metallurgical properties of the steel strip. Depending on the cooling rate of the steel strip and its chemical composition, different metallurgical phases can be created and thus lead to different mechanical properties of the steel strip.
• An ideal cooling section should be able to cool a steel strip perfectly evenly over its entire width in order to guarantee the homogeneity of the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the final strip. Such a cooling section should also make it possible to impose different cooling rates in order to produce most types of steels.
• Gas cooling typically by spraying a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, N 2 H 2 , at high speed and with a high hydrogen content, makes it possible to reach cooling rates of the order of 200 ° C. C / s for steel strips 1 mm thick. Since the gas is a reducing agent, the steel strip is not oxidized after passing through such a cooling section of this family of technology. Galvanization of the strip is then possible, without any other intermediate step of a chemical nature being implemented. However, cooling rates being limited to 200 ° C / s, these cooling operations do not make it possible to produce steels with high mechanical and metallurgical properties that require higher cooling rates.
• An object of the invention is to provide a cooling section which provides more flexibility than the cooling sections according to the prior art.
• a cooling section of a continuous annealing or galvanizing line of steel strips arranged to receive a metal strip, said section comprising at least one cooling zone dryer arranged to project gas onto said steel strip and at least one wet cooling zone arranged to project a liquid or a mixture of gas and liquid onto said steel strip.
• the dry cooling zone may include blow boxes arranged to project gas onto the steel strip.
• the gas may be a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen.
• the wet cooling zone may comprise nozzles arranged to project the liquid or mixture of gas and liquid onto the steel strip.
• the liquid can be water, an acid solution, or any other solution.
• the cooling section according to the invention can make it possible to produce steels with high mechanical properties which can directly undergo a galvanizing step at the outlet of said section, without the need for an intermediate chemical treatment.
• the wet cooling zone achieves cooling rates of the order of 1000 ° C / s for a 1 mm thick steel strip.
• the cooling section according to the invention also makes it possible to can successively perform dry cooling and wet cooling without having to cut the band to bypass one of the cooling zones. The gain in productivity is then substantial.
• Dry cooling and wet cooling zones can operate at the same time and / or operate separately.
• the alternation or succession of these two modes of operation provides great flexibility in the use of the cooling section according to the invention for different types of steel strips provided by the order book of the continuous line ("product mix "in English).
• the wet cooling zone may include an immersion cooling zone.
• the wet cooling zone is preferably a liquid spray cooling zone.
• a liquid spray zone can be stopped easily and quickly.
• spray cooling makes it possible to easily control the temperature of the steel strip at the end of cooling, and therefore its mechanical and metallurgical properties.
• the wet cooling zone and the dry cooling zone are disposed, respectively, in a first vertical direction and a second vertical direction parallel to the first direction.
• the wet cooling zone may be arranged upstream, in the direction of travel of the steel strip in the cooling section, or downstream of the dry cooling zone.
• the wet cooling zone and the dry cooling zone are arranged in the same vertical direction.
• Those skilled in the art usually designate this variant as a one-pass embodiment.
• the dry cooling zone can be arranged below the wet cooling zone.
• a drying system of the steel strip can be interposed between the wet cooling zone and the dry cooling zone.
• the wet cooling zone may advantageously be disposed below the dry cooling zone. This arrangement increases the compactness of the cooling section which may not have a drying zone interposed between the dry cooling zone and the wet cooling zone.
• the cooling section according to the invention may further comprise an air separation chamber interposed between the dry cooling zone and the wet cooling zone.
• the separation chamber may not pollute the wet cooling zone with different gaseous species that result from dry cooling.
• the separation chamber makes it possible not to create a zone of mixing between the atmospheres of these two zones so as to avoid a potentially dangerous mixture, in particular when the gas cooling is at a high hydrogen content.
• the separation of the atmospheres between two zones of an oven can be achieved by a lock with two pairs of rollers, or two pairs of shutters indifferently, with a withdrawal between these pairs of rollers.
• the air separation chamber may comprise three pairs of rollers, each of the pairs being arranged transversely to a running direction of the metal strip, said three pairs of rollers delimiting between them two zones of said airlock , respectively a first zone delimited by the first two pairs of rollers in the running direction of the strip and situated on the side of the dry cooling zone comprising withdrawal means, and respectively a second zone delimited by the last two pairs of rollers in the running direction of the strip and located on the side of the wet cooling zone and comprising means arranged for injecting an inert gas.
• the roller pairs can be replaced by flaps.
• this airlock advantageously creates a "clean" zone in which it is possible to carry out a measurement of temperature of the strip over its width, for example by means of a scanner, or point, for example by means of a pyrometer. This temperature measurement can better regulate the cooling process of the strip.
• the cooling section may further comprise a drying and purging system of the wet cooling zone.
• this drying and purging system can be implemented when the wet cooling zone is not used to cool the strip.
• this drying and purging system thus makes it possible to limit the transition times, as a function of the thermal cycles and the order book of the continuous line ("product mix" in English), between a product requiring the use of this product. wet area and a product not to be cooled by the wetland. Indeed, if the wet area were to remain wet, degraded dew point could cause a poor surface condition of the band during its passage in it.
• the drying and purging system of the wet cooling zone may comprise equipment designed to inject nitrogen, preferably heated, preferably at 50 ° C., in order to purge the wet zone.
• the nitrogen can be preheated, for example via a heat recovery contained in the flue gases of the heating zones of the continuous line. The drying of the wet zone is thus improved.
• the drying and purging system may comprise equipment arranged to heat walls of the humid cooling zone. It is thus possible to limit the condensation of the humid cooling zone or to reduce the drying time of the wet zone. Preferably, this heating is achieved by adding elements that heat by conduction or radiation. These can be placed on the inside or outside of the walls.
• the drying and purging system may include a system of nitrogen knives directed down the wet cooling zone and arranged to blow nitrogen on interior walls of the cooling zone. wet cooling. This system of nitrogen knives makes it possible to better evacuate the liquid from the walls of the humid cooling zone.
• a method of cooling a continuous annealing or galvanizing line of steel strips arranged to receive a metal strip comprising at least one dry cooling step comprising a projecting a gas onto the steel strip and at least one wet cooling stage comprising spraying a liquid or a mixture of gas and liquid on the steel strip.
• the liquid may be non-oxidizing for the strip. It may be a formic acid solution whose acid concentration is between 0.1% and 6% by weight of the solution, and advantageously between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the solution.
• the method according to the second aspect of the invention may further comprise a step of separating atmospheres by means of an air separation lock, interposed between the dry cooling zone and the wet cooling zone, said step of atmosphere separation comprising a step of injecting an inert gas into a first zone of said airlock and a withdrawal step in a second zone of said airlock.
• the method according to the second aspect of the invention may further comprise a step of drying and purging the wet cooling zone, preferably by means of calories from a heating zone of the continuous line. For example, it is possible to carry out a recovery of energy contained in the fumes of the heating zones of the continuous line.
• the cooling section according to the first aspect of the invention may comprise control means, preferably computer control means, configured for the cooling section according to the first aspect of the invention, or one of its improvements, for example for activating one or the other of the dry and wet cooling zones according to a product to be cooled.
• a computer program product downloadable from a communication network and / or stored on a computer readable medium and / or executable by a microprocessor, and loadable in an internal memory of a computing unit, characterized in that it comprises program code instructions which, when they are performed by the computing unit, implement the steps of the method according to the second aspect of the invention or one of its improvements.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling section, according to a first embodiment of the invention, of a continuous band treatment line,
• Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a cooling section, according to a second embodiment of the invention, on which there is shown a system for drying and purging the wet cooling zone.
• a cooling section can be seen of a continuous line of annealing or galvanizing of metal strips arranged to receive a metal strip 1 in a direction of scroll S, successively combining, in the running direction, at least one dry cooling zone 2 and a wet cooling zone.
• the cooling section further comprises an air separation chamber 4 separating the dry cooling zone 2 and the wet cooling zone 5.
• the strip 1 enters the cooling section by flowing from top to bottom in the direction of movement S. It first passes through the dry cooling zone 2 in which a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen is projected onto the strip at 3. The strip then passes through the air separation chamber 4 before entering the wet cooling zone 5.
• the humic cooling zone 5 comprises nozzles 6 arranged to project a cooling fluid onto the metal strip 1.
• the wet cooling zone 5 comprises vapor withdrawal means 7 which, in the example shown in the figure, are arranged in the upper part of this humid cooling zone 5.
• the air separation chamber 4 disposed between the dry zone 2 and the wet zone comprises three successive pairs 8, 9 and 10 of rollers, in the direction of travel S of the metal strip 1. Each of the pairs is arranged transversely to the direction of travel of the metal strip.
• the zone 1 1 delimited by the pairs of rollers 8 and 9 is located on the side of the dry cooling zone 2
• the zone 12 delimited by the pairs of rollers 9 and 10 is located on the side of the wet cooling zone.
• rollers are rotated at the running speed of the web. They are kept in contact with the band, or in a position in the immediate vicinity of the band.
• a device 13 makes it possible to limit the flow of gas between the zones of the airlock, in particular by limiting the spaces between the fixed parts and the moving parts.
• a nitrogen injection is carried out in zone 12 by means of a feed 14 constituting a means arranged for injecting an inert gas.
• a withdrawal is carried out in the zone 1 1 by a withdrawal means 15.
• the pressure and the rate of injection of the inert gas into the zone 12 and the rate of withdrawal in the zone 1 1 are fixed so that the flow of gas between zones 1 1 and 12 is only from zone 12 to zone 1 1. This avoids the entry of humid atmosphere from the humid zone into zone 1 1 of the lock and any mixture thereof with the dry atmosphere of zone 2.
• the tape 1 then crosses a return tank 18 in which is collected the coolant sprayed by the nozzles 6 and the knives 16 of liquid before being sent to a recirculation tank not shown by means of a conduit 24.
• the return pan 18 comprises a second set of gas knives 19 intended to remove the liquid that could still be present on the metal strip 1.
• the first set 17 and the second set 19 of gas knives are fed by means of feeds from the same feed duct (unnumbered) represented by a vertical arrow.
• the metal strip 1 then passes through a portion 20 equipped with heating tubes 21 to remove any trace of liquid on the strip. At the outlet of this portion 20, the strip passes through an air separation chamber 22 between the wet parts 5, 18, 20 and parts 23 situated downstream in the running direction of the strip.
• the web is cooled in the dry zone 2 from a temperature of 800 ° C to a temperature of 700 ° C and is then cooled in the wet zone from a temperature of 700 ° C to a temperature of 700 ° C. 460 ° C.
• the cooling liquid is, for example, water or an acidic solution containing formic acid.
• the second embodiment further comprises a system for drying and purging the wet cooling zone according to the invention.
• the drying and purging system of the wet cooling zone comprises knives of inert gas 27, for example nitrogen, directed downwards and which blow on the inner walls of an envelope of the wet cooling zone ( casing in English) to help evacuate the liquid from the walls to a recirculation duct 24 or to a purge duct 26.
• the drying and purging system of the cooling zone of the second embodiment comprises injection points 28 for an inert gas, for example nitrogen, and Vents 29 enable rapid blowdown of the wet cooling zone 5.
• the inert gas supplying the knives 27 and the injection points 28 is preheated, for example at a temperature of approximately 50 ° C.
• a heating and thermal insulation system of the casing walls of the wet cooling zone is implanted outside the walls of the wet cooling zone.
• the liquid sprayed onto the strip is a formic acid solution, with a formic acid concentration of between 0.1 and 5.5%, advantageously between 0.1 and 5%, advantageously between 0.1 and 4, 5%, advantageously between 0.1 and 4%, advantageously between 0.1 and 3.5%, advantageously between 0.1 and 3%, advantageously between 0.1 and 2.5%, advantageously between 0.15% and 2.5%, advantageously between 0.2 and 2.5%, advantageously between 0.3% and 2%, advantageously between 0.35% and 2.5%, advantageously between 0.4% and 2.5%, advantageously between 0.45% and 2.5% by weight of the solution.
• a formic acid concentration of between 0.1 and 5.5%, advantageously between 0.1 and 5%, advantageously between 0.1 and 4, 5%, advantageously between 0.1 and 4%, advantageously between 0.1 and 3.5%, advantageously between 0.1 and 3%, advantageously between 0.1 and 2.5%, advantageously between 0.15% and 2.5%, advantageously between 0.2 and 2.5%, advantageously between 0.3% and 2%, advantageously between 0.35% and 2.
• the solution has a concentration of formic acid of between 0.46% and 2.4%, advantageously between 0.47% and 2.3%, advantageously between 0.48% and 2.2%, advantageously between 0.49% and 2.1% by weight of the solution. Even more advantageously, the solution has a concentration of formic acid of between 0.5% and 2% by weight of the solution.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
• Blast Furnaces (AREA)
• Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-03-22 FR FR1752353A patent/FR3064278B1/fr active Active
• 2018
  • 2018-03-22 CN CN201880019713.9A patent/CN110582586B/zh active Active
  • 2018-03-22 US US16/496,115 patent/US11339455B2/en active Active
  • 2018-03-22 PL PL18715225.1T patent/PL3601624T3/pl unknown
  • 2018-03-22 KR KR1020197030737A patent/KR102497882B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2018-03-22 ES ES18715225T patent/ES2939365T3/es active Active
  • 2018-03-22 FI FIEP18715225.1T patent/FI3601624T3/fi active
  • 2018-03-22 WO PCT/FR2018/050706 patent/WO2018172714A1/fr unknown
  • 2018-03-22 EP EP18715225.1A patent/EP3601624B1/de active Active
  • 2018-03-22 JP JP2019551552A patent/JP7065870B2/ja active Active

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