EP3586995A1 - Procédé de préparation d'un mélange de sable de fonderie - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation d'un mélange de sable de fonderie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3586995A1
EP3586995A1 EP18180868.4A EP18180868A EP3586995A1 EP 3586995 A1 EP3586995 A1 EP 3586995A1 EP 18180868 A EP18180868 A EP 18180868A EP 3586995 A1 EP3586995 A1 EP 3586995A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
molding
cleaning water
molding sand
sand
foundry sand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18180868.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3586995B1 (fr
EP3586995B2 (fr
Inventor
Alexander MOKRE
Mark ENSINGER
Walter Hartl
Viktoria DARGAI
Bettina RITT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nemak SAB de CV
Original Assignee
Nemak SAB de CV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Nemak SAB de CV filed Critical Nemak SAB de CV
Priority to ES18180868T priority Critical patent/ES2874204T5/es
Priority to PL18180868.4T priority patent/PL3586995T5/pl
Priority to EP18180868.4A priority patent/EP3586995B2/fr
Priority to HUE18180868A priority patent/HUE054926T2/hu
Priority to BR112020026856-9A priority patent/BR112020026856B1/pt
Priority to MX2020014218A priority patent/MX2020014218A/es
Priority to US17/256,280 priority patent/US11707777B2/en
Priority to JP2020572871A priority patent/JP2021529667A/ja
Priority to KR1020207036136A priority patent/KR20210010908A/ko
Priority to PCT/IB2019/055584 priority patent/WO2020003277A1/fr
Priority to CN201980043992.7A priority patent/CN112512723A/zh
Publication of EP3586995A1 publication Critical patent/EP3586995A1/fr
Publication of EP3586995B1 publication Critical patent/EP3586995B1/fr
Publication of EP3586995B2 publication Critical patent/EP3586995B2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/18—Plants for preparing mould materials
    • B22C5/185—Plants for preparing mould materials comprising a wet reclamation step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
    • B22C5/0409—Blending, mixing, kneading or stirring; Methods therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
    • B22C5/0409—Blending, mixing, kneading or stirring; Methods therefor
    • B22C5/0463—Plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
    • B22C5/0409—Blending, mixing, kneading or stirring; Methods therefor
    • B22C5/0472—Parts; Accessories; Controlling; Feeding; Discharging; Proportioning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/10—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by dust separating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the recovery of molding sand from a foundry sand mixture, which comprises at least a proportion of molding material fragments or loose molding material grains, which occurs during the demolding of a casting from a casting mold as a result of the destruction of casting cores or molding parts which form the casting and which arise from the molding sand (F) and an inorganic binder and optionally one or more additives for adjusting the properties of the molding material.
  • the foundry sand mixture is mixed with cleaning water to form a slurry in order to detach the inorganic binder residues contained in the foundry sand mixture and any additives present from the molding sand and to rinse them out of the foundry sand mixture.
  • the cleaning water contaminated with the inorganic binder residues is then separated from the molding sand contained in the slurry.
  • Such a method is known for example from the WO 2007/082747 A1 is known, this method being particularly suitable for the preparation of foundry sand mixtures in which an inorganic binder, in particular a water glass binder, is present.
  • the casting cores or molded parts obtained when a casting is removed from a so-called “lost” mold, ie molds destroyed during removal from the mold.
  • a suspension is formed from the crushed fragments by adding water. This is followed by a separation of the components of the suspension.
  • a new ready-to-use core or molding sand mixture is made available to the molding sand obtained during the separation.
  • the first crushing of the core and molded fragments should serve to separate as much as possible from the molded sand grains the contaminants that adhere to the molded sand grains from which the cores and molded parts in question were formed.
  • the contaminants contained should be able to be removed and the individual constituents of the mixture may be fed to their intended further processing.
  • the invention has achieved this object by the method specified in claim 1.
  • the process temperature of the sludge formed from the cleaning water and the foundry sand mixture in step a) is 50-200 ° C.
  • the temperature window specified by the invention is set so that the processing of the foundry sand mixture can be integrated into a water and energy-saving circuit.
  • the invention allows the process temperature and the process times to be coordinated with one another in such a way that the foundry sand obtained can be processed effectively at minimal cost. Practical tests have shown that at process temperatures that lie in a temperature window of 80 - 100 ° C, the molding sand can be separated from the inorganic binder in particularly short process times.
  • the mixing of the foundry sand mixture with the cleaning water to form a sludge and the associated dissolving and rinsing out of the inorganic binder residues (step a) of the process according to the invention) can typically be carried out within 5 minutes to 60 minutes.
  • this comminution does not primarily serve to separate binder residues from the molding sand grains, but rather to enlarge the area of attack for the cleaning water as much as possible in order to accelerate the dissolving of the binder when the foundry sand mixture is mixed with the cleaning water.
  • the foundry sand mixture provided for the preparation according to the invention predominantly contains coarse fragments
  • the mechanical fragments of the molding material contained in the foundry sand mixture before mixing with the cleaning water (work step a)) kornzuishn are suitable for the mechanical comminution of the foundry sand mixture.
  • the required temperature control according to the invention may be expedient to preheat the foundry sand mixture before it is mixed with the cleaning water.
  • the heating devices provided for heating the cleaning water or the sludge to the respective process temperature can be designed for small outputs and, accordingly, realized and operated at low cost.
  • the contaminated cleaning water from work step b) can be used to heat the fresh water.
  • the contaminated cleaning water can be passed through a heat exchanger, in which heat is transferred from the contaminated cleaning water to fresh cleaning water without the contaminated and fresh cleaning water being mixed.
  • step a it is also possible to use the contaminated water for a new run through step a).
  • This reuse can be repeated, for example, until the solubility of the binder in the contaminated water is reached, i.e. so much binder is dissolved in the water that no further binder can be dissolved, or the proportion of suspended matter predominates, i.e. the water in it transported foreign bodies has risen so much that cleaning the molding sand with the contaminated water no longer achieves a cleaning effect.
  • the foundry sand mixture can pass through a heat exchanger before step a), through which contaminated and still warm cleaning water is passed, separated from the molding sand in step b), in order to preheat the foundry sand mixture.
  • This variant is particularly expedient if the cleaning water obtained in step b), possibly previously reused several times, is contaminated in such a way that reuse is no longer sensible.
  • the fresh cleaning water supplied in each case can also be heated by means of an additional heat source, for example by means of a continuous-flow heater or the like, in such a way that the sludge formed in step a) by mixing with the optionally likewise preheated foundry sand mixture reaches a process temperature which, according to the invention prescribed range.
  • the molding sand which has been freed from the binder and the other residues and obtained from the foundry sand mixture, can be dried in a customary manner, dusted if necessary and divided into different grain size classes.
  • the molding sand obtained in the manner according to the invention generally has a pH of 9-13. Molded sands with this pH value can be used in molding materials intended for the production of casting cores and mold parts use an inorganic binder to bind the molding sand.
  • the molding sand can be used for a broader range of applications, in particular those in which molding materials with organic binders are to be provided, it is advisable to use the molding sand after separating the residues of the inorganic binder (step b)) according to the invention to undergo additional treatment in which its pH is adjusted to values from 5 to 9, preferably 6.5 to 8.5, in particular when the molding sand obtained in step b) is used for molding materials with an organic binder the pH of the molding sand should ideally be set to 7-8.
  • the molding sand can be rinsed or wetted with a neutralizing solution to adjust its pH.
  • a neutralizing solution such as, for example, water-diluted hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or organic acids (carbonic acid, citric acid), are suitable as the neutralizing solution.
  • Buffer substances such as carbonate buffers (e.g. sodium bicarbonate) can also be used for neutralization.
  • the molding sand can be mixed with the neutralizing solution to adjust the pH.
  • the molding sand can go through a rinsing step to remove excess neutralizing solution.
  • the molding sand obtained in step b) and possibly adjusted in terms of its pH can be subjected to mechanical dewatering.
  • the molding sand can be applied to sieves, for example, through the liquid residues present in the molding sand drip while the molding sand grains are retained, or presses, drying belts and the like are used which are available in the prior art for this purpose in order to mechanically expel moisture from a free-flowing mass which is comparable to the molding sand obtained according to the invention.
  • the mechanical dewatering can reduce the effort that must be expended if necessary for drying the molding sand before it is processed into molding material.
  • the molding sand obtained in accordance with the invention must be sufficiently dry.
  • the molding sand obtained in step b) can be dried by applying heat, typical drying temperatures being in the range from 80 to 800 ° C.
  • drying temperatures are less than 500 ° C., in particular 100-300 ° C. , suitable, whereby temperatures of 200 - 250 ° C are particularly practical.
  • foundry sands are produced, in which, in addition to a portion that comes from casting cores or molded parts made of molding materials with inorganic binders, also contains a fraction of fragments or grains of casting cores or molded parts that have been molded from a molding material from the molding sand and an organic binder and optionally one or more additives for adjusting the properties of the molding material.
  • the residues of the organic binder which have not been detached from the molding sand grains by working steps a) and b) of the process according to the invention can be removed by an annealing treatment in which the molding sand present after working step b) is heated to such an extent that that the organic binder residues burn.
  • the molding sand obtained by the preparation according to the invention can be subjected to a classification in which it is divided depending on the size of its grains. At the same time, the molding sand can be dedusted in order to ensure its optimal suitability for molding material production.
  • the figure shows schematically a workflow in the preparation of a foundry sand mixture, as typically occurs in a foundry, in which cast parts, such as components for vehicles, not shown here, such as components for vehicles, from a light metal melt, in particular an Al or Al alloy melt, with the help of from casting molds, also not shown here, are produced by casting technology.
  • cast parts such as components for vehicles, not shown here, such as components for vehicles, from a light metal melt, in particular an Al or Al alloy melt, with the help of from casting molds, also not shown here, are produced by casting technology.
  • casting molds comprise casting cores or molded parts which are formed from a molding material composition and which contain a molding sand which has been tried and tested in practice and an equally proven inorganic binder, for example water glass.
  • the binder is activated in the usual way by the application of heat in order to ensure that the grains of the molding sand remain firmly together.
  • Another part of the casting molds contains casting cores or molded parts which are formed from a molding material mass, a molding sand which has been tried and tested in practice and an equally well-proven organic binder contain.
  • a chemical reaction of the binder is brought about by supplying a reaction medium, for example a gas, by means of which the binder develops its strengthening effect and ensures the shape-retaining cohesion of the grains of the molding sand.
  • the casting cores or molded parts are destroyed in a known manner by thermal or mechanical treatments.
  • the fragments of molding material and loose molding material grains falling off the casting form a foundry sand mixture G, in which molding sand F, hardened inorganic and organic binders are present, and possibly also combustion residues, which are the result of the combustion occurring as a result of the heat supply during the casting process or the subsequent thermal treatment or decomposition of parts of the binder present in the respective core or molded part.
  • conventional additives may also be present in the foundry sand mixture G, which are added in practice to the molding materials provided for the production of cores or moldings, in order, for example, to ensure optimum flow behavior during the molding of the respective core or molding ("core shooting").
  • the molding sand To recover the molding sand from the foundry sand mixture G, it consists of a proportion FAB of fragments or grains originating from molded parts or casting cores made of molding material with an inorganic binder and a proportion FOB of fragments or granules originating from molding parts or casting cores made of molding material with organic binder originate in the in Fig. 1 presented processing process fed.
  • the foundry sand mixture G first passes through a grain separation device 1, in which the coarse fragments contained in the foundry sand mixture G are comminuted in a manner known per se until only grains and smaller fragments are left.
  • the grain-separated foundry sand mixture G which is optionally preheated in a heat exchanger (not shown here), is introduced into a mixing device 2 by means of gravity or, for example, by means of compressed air support.
  • the foundry sand mixture G is flowed through or stirred, for example with the aid of a fluidized bed or an agitator, with cleaning water RW previously heated, for example, in a water heater, in order to form a slurry S.
  • the slurry S the inorganic binder residues sticking to the grains dissolve in the cleaning water RW.
  • the sludge S formed in the mixing device 2 is circulated intensively in order to ensure turbulence which supports the detachment of the inorganic binder and the other impurities. If necessary, heat is added to bring the slag S to a process temperature that is in the optimal range of 80-100 ° C. Excess cleaning water RWK contaminated with inorganic binder residues and other contaminants, such as molding material additives and combustion residues, is discharged from the mixing device 2.
  • the mixing of the cleaning water RW with the foundry sand mixture G is so intensive that in particular the inorganic binder dissolves essentially completely in the cleaning water RW within a short time.
  • the combustion residues and any existing additive residues are taken up by the cleaning water RW from the foundry sand mixture G.
  • the intended residence times of the slurry S in the mixing device 2 are 5-60 min.
  • the slurry S reaches a rinsing device 3, in which it is rinsed with cleaning water RW, in order to rinse off the inorganic binder residues and other impurities dissolved in the slice S from the molding sand grains from the molding sand grains F of the slice S.
  • the flushing device 3 can be designed as a conventional screening machine, in which the clamp S is placed on a screen and sprayed with cleaning water RW, which is applied by means of nozzles arranged above the screen.
  • the resulting cleaning water RWK contaminated with inorganic binder residues and other contaminants is collected and fed to a pre-cleaning device 4 in which the insoluble inorganic binder residues are separated from the contaminated cleaning water RWK.
  • the excess contaminated cleaning water RWK derived from the mixing device 2 is fed to the pre-cleaning device 4.
  • a partial stream RWKV 'of the pre-cleaned contaminated cleaning water RWK can be reused by being fed to the mixing device 2 as cleaning water RW.
  • the total volume flow of the cleaning water RW supplied to the mixing device 2 can be composed of a partial flow of fresh cleaning water RWF and the partial flow RWKV 'of the pre-cleaned cleaning water RWV.
  • Another partial stream RWKV "of the pre-cleaned contaminated cleaning water RWK can be fed to the flushing device 3 for flushing the terminal S.
  • the total volume flow of the cleaning water RW supplied to the flushing device 3 can also be derived here from a partial stream of fresh cleaning water RWF and the partial stream RWKV 'of the pre-cleaned RWV cleaning water and a further partial stream RWK 'of contaminated RWK cleaning water, which comes from one or more of the process steps explained below.
  • Contaminated cleaning water RWKE which is so heavily contaminated that it can no longer perform a cleaning function, is derived from the process and sent to a separate treatment system.
  • the molding sand F separated from the slurry S in the rinsing device 3 is to be used for the production of molding material which comprises an organic binder
  • the molding sand F passes through a treatment device 5 in which it is wetted with an acid-containing neutralizing solution NL in order to maintain its pH - Set the value to a value of 7-8 that is optimal for this purpose.
  • the molding sand F thus adjusted with regard to its pH value is rinsed with fresh cleaning water RWF in a rinsing device 6 in order to remove excess neutralizing solution NL.
  • the resulting cleaning water RWN contaminated with neutralizing solution is collected and disposed of.
  • the setting of the pH value in the treatment device 5 and the subsequent rinsing in the rinsing device 6 can be skipped if the molding sand F is intended exclusively for the production of molding material which comprises an inorganic binder.
  • the molding sand F which is still loaded with cleaning water RW, is transported after rinsing in the rinsing device 3 or the optionally run through stations “treatment device 5 and rinsing device 6” to a dewatering device 7, in which dewatering is carried out by mechanical means.
  • the dewatering machine 7 can be designed as a screening machine known for this purpose in the prior art, as a vacuum belt dryer or as a press.
  • the mechanical dewatering reduces the moisture of the molding sand F to such an extent that significantly less energy is required to achieve the required degree of drying during the subsequent thermal drying.
  • the contaminated cleaning water RWK occurring during the mechanical dewatering is fed, for example, to the rinsing device 3 as a further partial stream of the cleaning water RW fed there.
  • the mechanically dewatered molding sand F is fed to a drying device 8, which can be a rotary kiln, a belt dryer or the like.
  • a drying device 8 which can be a rotary kiln, a belt dryer or the like.
  • the temperature Tw at which the thermal drying takes place is set to> 500-700 ° C., so that the burn the corresponding portion of the molding sand F still adhering organic binder residues.
  • the thermal drying can be carried out at temperatures in the range from 100 to 300 ° C.
  • the water vapor generated during thermal drying is collected, condensed and fed into the process as fresh cleaning water RWF.
  • the fresh cleaning water RWF obtained in the thermal drying also forms, for example, a partial flow of the cleaning water RW fed into the rinsing device 3.
  • the molding sand F passes through a dedusting device 9, in which fine dust FS present in the molding sand F is separated from the remaining grains of the molding sand F.
  • the fine dust FS can no longer be used for casting purposes and is therefore deposited in the usual way or used for another purpose.
  • the dedusting device 9 is based, for example, on the principle of current classification, in which air is used as the separation medium (so-called "wind sifting"). The air used here can be reused or released into the environment.
  • the dedusted molding sand F finally reaches a classification device 10, in which the molding sand F corresponds to at least two molding sand classes is divided into at least two molding sand subsets Fk, Fm, of which one molding sand subset Fk comprises the part of molding sand F whose grains do not exceed a certain limit size, while the other molding sand subset Fm contains the part of molding sand F whose grains have a size that is at least equal to this limit.
  • the classification step can also be carried out in combination with the dedusting.
  • fluid pools are usually used, in which the molding sand F is fed in from above, air flows through a sintered plate attached to the bottom and is set in vibration by means of unbalance motors.
  • the fine dust FS is removed by means of the air via a suction device.
  • the grain classes are subtracted at opposite ends of the basin.
  • the finer parts rise higher and have to overcome a barrier.
  • the coarse proportions do not rise so high and are therefore deducted under a barrier.
  • the fresh cleaning water RWF required in the treatment process according to the invention and the reused contaminated cleaning water RWK or the cleaning water RW possibly formed therefrom by mixing can, if necessary, be preheated via heat exchangers (not shown here), in which waste heat is used in the process according to the invention itself or in other processes, to heat the respective cleaning water RWF, RWK, RW to an optimal temperature for the respective process step.
  • Fig. 1 The process run followed by the foundry sand mixture G, the melt S formed therefrom and the molding sand F contained therein is shown in solid lines.
  • New molding material FA which contains inorganic binder
  • new molding material FO which contains organic binder
  • FK molding sand partial quantities
  • Cores or molded parts for casting molds can be produced in a conventional manner from the molding materials FA, FO.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
EP18180868.4A 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 Procédé de préparation d'un mélange de sable de fonderie Active EP3586995B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES18180868T ES2874204T5 (es) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 Procedimiento para la preparación de una mezcla de arena de fundición
PL18180868.4T PL3586995T5 (pl) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 Sposób przerobu mieszaniny masy formierskiej
EP18180868.4A EP3586995B2 (fr) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 Procédé de préparation d'un mélange de sable de fonderie
HUE18180868A HUE054926T2 (hu) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 Eljárás öntödei homokkeverék elõállítására
US17/256,280 US11707777B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2019-07-01 Method for preparing a foundry sand mixture
MX2020014218A MX2020014218A (es) 2018-06-29 2019-07-01 Procedimiento para tratar una mezcla de arena de fundición.
BR112020026856-9A BR112020026856B1 (pt) 2018-06-29 2019-07-01 Processo para a recuperação de areia de moldagem
JP2020572871A JP2021529667A (ja) 2018-06-29 2019-07-01 鋳物砂混合物の処理方法
KR1020207036136A KR20210010908A (ko) 2018-06-29 2019-07-01 주물사 혼합물 처리 방법
PCT/IB2019/055584 WO2020003277A1 (fr) 2018-06-29 2019-07-01 Procédé de préparation d'un mélange de sable de fonderie
CN201980043992.7A CN112512723A (zh) 2018-06-29 2019-07-01 铸造用砂混合物的处理方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18180868.4A EP3586995B2 (fr) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 Procédé de préparation d'un mélange de sable de fonderie

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3586995A1 true EP3586995A1 (fr) 2020-01-01
EP3586995B1 EP3586995B1 (fr) 2021-04-14
EP3586995B2 EP3586995B2 (fr) 2024-04-24

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ID=62837769

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18180868.4A Active EP3586995B2 (fr) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 Procédé de préparation d'un mélange de sable de fonderie

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US11707777B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3586995B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2021529667A (fr)
KR (1) KR20210010908A (fr)
CN (1) CN112512723A (fr)
BR (1) BR112020026856B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2874204T5 (fr)
HU (1) HUE054926T2 (fr)
MX (1) MX2020014218A (fr)
PL (1) PL3586995T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020003277A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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CN116393655A (zh) * 2023-06-06 2023-07-07 河北光德精密机械股份有限公司 一种速溶型芯及其制备方法

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WO2020003277A1 (fr) 2020-01-02
US20210260647A1 (en) 2021-08-26
HUE054926T2 (hu) 2021-10-28
US11707777B2 (en) 2023-07-25
EP3586995B1 (fr) 2021-04-14
KR20210010908A (ko) 2021-01-28
JP2021529667A (ja) 2021-11-04
ES2874204T5 (es) 2024-10-07
MX2020014218A (es) 2021-05-27
BR112020026856A2 (pt) 2021-04-06
BR112020026856B1 (pt) 2024-03-12
EP3586995B2 (fr) 2024-04-24
ES2874204T3 (es) 2021-11-04
CN112512723A (zh) 2021-03-16
PL3586995T5 (pl) 2024-06-17

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