EP3583615B1 - Elektromagnetischer linearaktuator - Google Patents

Elektromagnetischer linearaktuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3583615B1
EP3583615B1 EP18708591.5A EP18708591A EP3583615B1 EP 3583615 B1 EP3583615 B1 EP 3583615B1 EP 18708591 A EP18708591 A EP 18708591A EP 3583615 B1 EP3583615 B1 EP 3583615B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
linear actuator
arrangement
permanent magnet
armature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18708591.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3583615A1 (de
Inventor
Franci Lahajnar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kolektor Group doo
Original Assignee
Kolektor Group doo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kolektor Group doo filed Critical Kolektor Group doo
Publication of EP3583615A1 publication Critical patent/EP3583615A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3583615B1 publication Critical patent/EP3583615B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/13—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F2003/103—Magnetic circuits with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1692—Electromagnets or actuators with two coils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator.
  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator, comprising a housing having a jacket section and an end piece, a coil arrangement arranged in the housing with two axially offset coils extending around a common axis and wound in opposite directions, and one in the housing along the axis
  • An armature arrangement displaceably mounted between two end positions with a shaft passing through the end piece and an axially magnetized permanent magnet arranged thereon and having two disc-shaped flux guide pieces arranged on the end face of this permanent magnet arrangement, in each of the two end positions of the armature arrangement at least 50% of the axial length of the permanent magnet arrangement from one of the two coils is overlapped.
  • Electromagnetic linear actuators are known and in use in a wide variety of designs. Their respective design and individual design depends on the respective application. They depend, for example, on the space available in the application in question, the required adjustment path (or switching path) that the shaft covers between the two end positions, and the required force that the shaft must be able to exert on a component to be actuated. Also the achievable switching dynamics, ie the time it takes for the shaft to move from one end position to the other is a significant variable for many applications. It should be noted that there are some dependencies between the various aspects and performance parameters. In general, the adjustment force (or switching force) provided by the shaft is related to the structural size in such a way that larger linear actuators can provide a greater adjustment force.
  • the achievable switching dynamics typically suffer.
  • the switching dynamics and the switching force are related to one another to the extent that the force required to accelerate the armature arrangement reduces the switching force effective in this movement phase of the armature arrangement.
  • Electromagnetic linear actuators corresponding to the design specified at the outset can be used, for example, for the linear actuators according to the JP 57-198612 A and the EP 1275886 A2 applies, characterized by the possibility of two stable switching states. They can therefore be designed as so-called bistable actuators, in which the shaft - due to the interaction of the permanent magnet arrangement with the housing - can maintain either of its two end positions without applying (current) to the coil arrangement, which, however, also partially in a corresponding manner for similar designs with a deviating design of the permanent magnet arrangement and / or their coordination with the coil arrangement applies (see.
  • the US 4071042 A discloses a generic electromagnetic linear actuator which, as stated in the preamble of claim 1, is characterized in addition to the features set out at the beginning in that the two coils of the coil arrangement are continuously wound in opposite directions from a winding wire and that the permanent magnet arrangement is arranged at the end of the shaft.
  • This electromagnetic linear actuator is not designed as a bistable actuator, but rather designed for the actuation of a hydraulic servo valve, for which purpose a displacement of the armature arrangement from a neutral central position proportional to the energization of the coil arrangement is sought.
  • US 2014/0028420 A1 discloses a generic linear actuator. This is specially designed for an asymmetrical characteristic of the movement of the armature arrangement. Positioned on the end area of the casing section of the housing arranged opposite the end piece, it has an end ring that modifies the magnetic flux.
  • the US 2004/0100345 A1 discloses an electromagnetic linear actuator designed for use on a transmission. This has two coils arranged in a jacket-shaped housing, between which there is a central flux guide. At the end, a stationary flux guide piece is inserted into the housing, through which the shaft of an armature arrangement extends, on which a first movable flux guide piece is arranged at the end. Between the stationary flux guide piece and the first movable flux guide piece there is a second movable flux guide piece which can be moved both relative to the housing and relative to the armature arrangement. Depending on the energization of one coil, the other coil or both coils, the armature arrangement assumes one of three defined positions.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic linear actuator of the type specified at the beginning, which is characterized by an operating behavior which is improved compared to the prior art.
  • a highly dynamic electromagnetic linear actuator of the type specified at the outset with a particularly high adjustment force is to be provided in particular.
  • this object is achieved in that, in a generic electromagnetic linear actuator, the first coil facing away from the free end of the shaft has an area with a reduced inside diameter at its end facing away from the free end of the shaft, with one being reduced Inner diameter having region of the first coil, the permanent magnet arrangement overlaps radially, and a core made of a magnetically active material is received in the first coil at the end.
  • the radial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement realized within the scope of the invention by the region of the first coil having a reduced inner diameter is to be understood to mean that the outer diameter of the permanent magnet arrangement is greater than the inner diameter of the region of the first coil having a reduced inner diameter.
  • a decisive advantage that can be achieved with the embodiment of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention is the previously unknown, as explained in detail below, the optimal course of the electromagnetic force effective between the stator arrangement and the armature arrangement.
  • This course of the electromagnetic force acting on the armature arrangement allows - despite a significant holding force acting on the armature arrangement in the first end position of the armature arrangement - a particularly high initial acceleration of the armature arrangement, with a particularly uniform electromagnetic force acting on it over the further adjustment path of the armature arrangement can, which has a favorable effect both on the further acceleration of the armature arrangement and on the shifting force provided.
  • Towards the end of the adjustment path a significant increase in the adjustment force is possible again, which is particularly favorable in typical applications.
  • the particularly homogeneous course of the on the over a large part of the adjustment Electromagnetic force exerted by the armature assembly is extremely beneficial.
  • a first preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the core - received at the end in the first coil of the coil arrangement - overlaps the entire axial extension of the region of the first coil having a reduced inner diameter. This favors a force curve which causes a particularly high initial acceleration of the armature arrangement.
  • the axial distance between the first and the second coil is not significantly greater than Indispensable in terms of development.
  • the axial distance between the first and the second coil is that for a damage-free 180 ° bend of the winding wire required size limited.
  • the distance in question should at least not be more than 50% above the amount that is indispensable for winding technology.
  • no flux guide piece is arranged between the first coil and the second coil.
  • Yet another preferred development of the invention is characterized in that there is an axial gap in the first end position of the armature arrangement, in which the permanent magnet arrangement overlaps by more than 50% of the first coil (and typically the shaft is retracted into the end piece) between the core and the adjacent flux guide of the permanent magnet arrangement.
  • the breakaway force can be positively influenced, which is required so that the armature arrangement is moved out of the first end position - against the holding force acting.
  • One possibility of achieving this in a particularly simple manner is that the shaft is axially through the permanent magnet arrangement passes through and protrudes from this a bit.
  • the armature arrangement can abut the core with the relevant protrusion of the shaft and keep the adjacent flux guide piece of the permanent magnet arrangement at a distance from it.
  • the shaft is also advantageously made of a magnetically inactive material, preferably stainless steel. This is not only favorable for the function set out above as a "stop" for the armature assembly, but also because of the reduction in the magnetic inductance that can be achieved in this way and the associated concentration of the magnetic field on the external environment of the coil assembly interacting Permanent magnet arrangement.
  • the overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement by the first coil in the first end position of the armature arrangement is less than the overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement by the second coil in the second end position of the armature arrangement.
  • 55% to 85% of the permanent magnet arrangement in the first end position of the armature arrangement can be axially overlapped by the first coil, but in the second end position of the armature arrangement by the second coil to a greater extent to a proportion between 65% and 100%.
  • Particularly preferred ranges are 65% to 75% with an axial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement by the first coil in the first end position of the armature arrangement and 75% to 90% by the second coil in the second end position of the armature arrangement.
  • the end piece of the housing is designed as an assembly and guide block.
  • the end piece of the housing has structural features (e.g. a flange, a screw-in thread, an assembly extension, etc.) that enable the linear actuator to be attached to a structural structure (e.g. the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine if the linear actuator is used for camshaft adjustment), as well as structural features serving to guide the armature arrangement (e.g. a bore designed as a sliding guide for the shaft of the armature arrangement).
  • the anchor arrangement is mounted displaceably guided exclusively in the assembly and guide block.
  • the permanent magnet arrangement also has on its outer circumference at least one compensating channel extending over the axial length. This proves to be favorable with regard to the switching dynamics; because even with a relatively small radial gap - which has a positive effect on efficiency - between the permanent magnet arrangement and the coil arrangement surrounding it (outside the at least one compensation channel) when the armature arrangement is moved, the permanent magnet arrangement can be used with low resistance (through the at least one compensation channel) be surrounded by air.
  • the double linear actuator explained above preferably has a housing with a common protective cap surrounding the two jackets of the housing.
  • the latter is particularly preferably tightly connected to a flange plate or flange ring attached to the end piece.
  • the electromagnetic linear actuator shown in the drawing and embodied as a double linear actuator comprises four functional main components in the form of a housing 1, two coil arrangements 2 accommodated therein, two armature arrangements 3 and a housing 4.
  • the housing 1 comprises an end piece 5, two cylindrical jacket sections 6 and, opposite the end piece 5, a common end plate 7. These parts consist of a ferromagnetic material.
  • the end piece 5 dips into the respective jacket section 6 with a protrusion at the end with an exact fit.
  • the two jacket sections 6 each (opposite one another) have a recess through which the end plate 7 passes. In the area of those recesses, the two casing sections 6 are in butt contact with the end plate 7. In addition, the end plate 7 clings to the inner contour of the casing sections 6 with as little gaps as possible.
  • a coil arrangement 2 is arranged in each of the two jacket sections 6.
  • the two anchor arrangements 3 each include a shaft 8 and one arranged on the end of the same Permanent magnet arrangement 9 with an axially magnetized permanent magnet 10 and two disc-shaped flux guide pieces 11 arranged on the end face.
  • the shaft 8 - consisting of a magnetically inactive material - passes axially through the permanent magnet arrangement 9 with an area of reduced diameter in such a way that it protrudes a little out of the flux guide piece 11 on the opposite end face and forms a protrusion 12.
  • four compensating channels 13 extending over its axial length are provided.
  • the shaft 8 of each of the two anchor assemblies 3 is guided in the end piece 5 so that it can slide along an axis A.
  • the end piece 5 is designed as an assembly and guide block 14 for this purpose. It has an axial extension 15 and has two bores 16 designed as a sliding guide for the respective shaft 8 of the armature arrangement 3.
  • Each shaft 8 has two guide sections 17, 18, which correspond to the bore 16, are spaced apart from one another and correspond to it the shaft 8 tapers to a reduced diameter.
  • the shafts 8 pass through the end piece 5.
  • Figures 1 and 2 The armature assembly 3 is shown in the first end position with the shaft 8 fully retracted into the housing 1, whereas the armature assembly 3 is shown below in the second end position with the shaft 8 extended maximally out of the housing 1.
  • the coil assemblies 2 each comprise two axially extending around the axis A, wound in opposite directions offset coils 19, 20, namely a first coil 19 and a second coil 20 - the free end of the shaft 8 guided in the end piece 5 - the two coils 19, 20 are on a common carrier sleeve 21 made of magnetically inactive Material recorded.
  • a first end plate 22, a second end plate 23 and an intermediate ring 24 the outer surface of the carrier sleeve 21 is subdivided into two compartments for receiving the first coil 19 and the second coil 20.
  • the first end disk 22 and the intermediate ring 24 each have openings 25 for the passage of the winding wire of the two coils - wound continuously but with reversal of the winding direction at the transition from the first coil 19 to the second coil 20.
  • the end plate 7 of the housing 1 also has openings 26 serving to lead through the respective winding wire.
  • the first coil 19 has an area 27 with a reduced inner diameter at its end facing away from the free end of the shaft 8.
  • the carrier sleeve 21 is designed to be stepped accordingly.
  • the reduced inside diameter of the first coil 19 in the relevant area 27 is selected such that the permanent magnet arrangement 9 and the first coil 19 in that area 27 having a reduced inside diameter overlap each other radially in an annular overlap zone.
  • a core 28 made of a magnetically active material is inserted into the end region of the carrier sleeve 21, resting on the end face without a gap on the end plate 7. This overlaps the entire axial extent of the one Area 27 of the first coil 19 having a reduced inner diameter. For this purpose, it is designed stepped to correspond to the carrier sleeve 21.
  • the protrusion 12 of the shaft 8 protruding from the permanent magnet arrangement 9 lies against the core 28. In this way, the flux guide piece 11 of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 adjacent to the core 28 maintains a corresponding distance from the core 28, ie there is an axial gap 29 between the core 28 and the adjacent flux guide piece 11 of the permanent magnet arrangement 9.
  • the axial extent of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 and the respective axial extent and arrangement of the first coil 19 and the second coil 20 are coordinated so that the axial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 by the first coil 19 in the first end position of the armature arrangement 3 is less than that axial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 by the second coil 20 in the second end position of the armature arrangement 3 the second coil 20 in the second end position of the armature arrangement 3 is approximately 82%.
  • the housing 4 which serves to protect against external influences, comprises a common protective cap 30 surrounding the two jacket sections 6 of the housing 1, which is sealed with a flange ring 31 attached to the end piece 5 connected is.
  • Protective cap 30 and flange ring 31 have holes 32 which are aligned with one another and are used to fasten the double linear actuator to an existing structure by means of appropriate screws.
  • the embodiment of the linear actuator illustrated in the drawing is optimized from the point of view of maximum switching dynamics and maximum switching force when the armature arrangement 3 moves from the first into the second end position.
  • an electromagnetic return of the armature arrangement 3 from the second end position into the first end position is dispensed with in this embodiment.
  • such a return takes place by means of a separate external reset device acting on the respective shaft 8.
  • the double linear actuator shown can also be modified with regard to an electromagnetic return of the armature arrangement.
  • the second coil 20 could in particular be slightly lengthened axially and have an area with a reduced inside diameter at its end facing the free end of the shaft 8, this area of the second coil having a reduced inside diameter overlapping the permanent magnet arrangement 9 radially and in the second coil 20 at the end a core sleeve made of a magnetically active material could be received.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the outstanding performance data of a device according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figures 1 and 2 designed double linear actuator designed for a stroke of 4.75 mm each of the armature assemblies 3 with a diameter of the permanent magnet assemblies 9 of only 8 mm.
  • the armature arrangement 3 is held in its first end position with a holding force of approximately 9.5 N by the interaction of the respective permanent magnet arrangement 9 with the core 28.
  • this holding force is compensated for after only 0.25 ms, and the movement of the armature arrangement 3 starts just 0.5 ms after the start of the energization (response time) due to the equally rapid further increase in the electromagnetically generated force.
  • the shaft 8 lifts off the core 21 and the holding force collapses rapidly.
  • the electromagnetically generated force acting on the armature arrangement 3 has reached a plateau averaging 8.5 N, which is maintained over almost the entire adjustment path of the armature arrangement 3 with very high uniformity.
  • the armature arrangement 3 carries out a continuously accelerated movement.
  • the holding force assigned to the second end position of the armature arrangement 3 is increasingly added, which leads to a strongly progressive increase in the Total force leads.
  • the armature arrangement 3 reaches its second end position after a switching travel of 4.75 mm. While the coil arrangement continues to be energized, the resulting total force is around 22 N.
EP18708591.5A 2017-02-15 2018-02-06 Elektromagnetischer linearaktuator Active EP3583615B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017103090.5A DE102017103090B4 (de) 2017-02-15 2017-02-15 Elektromagnetischer Linearaktuator
PCT/EP2018/052935 WO2018149694A1 (de) 2017-02-15 2018-02-06 Elektromagnetischer linearaktuator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3583615A1 EP3583615A1 (de) 2019-12-25
EP3583615B1 true EP3583615B1 (de) 2020-11-04

Family

ID=61563339

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18708591.5A Active EP3583615B1 (de) 2017-02-15 2018-02-06 Elektromagnetischer linearaktuator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US11094442B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3583615B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP7113033B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102348537B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110326065B (zh)
DE (1) DE102017103090B4 (zh)
WO (1) WO2018149694A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017114246A1 (de) 2017-07-03 2019-01-03 Kolektor Group D.O.O. Stellvorrichtung
DE102019135364A1 (de) 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 Kolektor Group D.O.O. Stellvorrichtung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102017103090A1 (de) 2018-08-16
JP2020508034A (ja) 2020-03-12
WO2018149694A1 (de) 2018-08-23
CN110326065B (zh) 2021-03-12
KR20190113834A (ko) 2019-10-08
KR102348537B1 (ko) 2022-01-06
DE102017103090B4 (de) 2020-06-04
CN110326065A (zh) 2019-10-11
EP3583615A1 (de) 2019-12-25
US11094442B2 (en) 2021-08-17
JP7113033B2 (ja) 2022-08-04
US20190362875A1 (en) 2019-11-28

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