EP3581872B1 - Bolt of a repeating rifle and repeating rifle with such a bolt - Google Patents

Bolt of a repeating rifle and repeating rifle with such a bolt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3581872B1
EP3581872B1 EP19171848.5A EP19171848A EP3581872B1 EP 3581872 B1 EP3581872 B1 EP 3581872B1 EP 19171848 A EP19171848 A EP 19171848A EP 3581872 B1 EP3581872 B1 EP 3581872B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bolt
chamber
firing pin
support sleeve
locking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP19171848.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3581872A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Rauch
Peter Wiedemann
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Blaser Group GmbH
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Blaser Group GmbH
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Publication of EP3581872A1 publication Critical patent/EP3581872A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A11/00—Assembly or disassembly features; Modular concepts; Articulated or collapsible guns
    • F41A11/02—Modular concepts, e.g. weapon-family concepts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/13—Percussion or firing pins, i.e. fixed or slidably-mounted striker elements; Mountings therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A33/00—Adaptations for training; Gun simulators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bolt for a bolt-action rifle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a bolt-action rifle with a bolt of this type.
  • a generic breech of a repeating rifle is known.
  • the locking sleeve designed as an expanding sleeve, is divided into several flexible spring tongues at its front end by longitudinal slots.
  • the spring tongues have locking elements for engaging in an annular groove on the inside of the barrel.
  • Cartridges with primers arranged centrally in the case base can be fired via a firing pin that can be displaced in the direction of the central axis of the chamber.
  • center fire cartridges are generally more expensive, so that there is a need for the use of inexpensive rimfire cartridges, especially for training purposes.
  • the object of the invention is to create a breech of the type mentioned at the outset and a repeating rifle with such a breech, which enable rimfire cartridges to be fired safely.
  • the lock according to the invention contains a lock guide, a chamber arranged in the lock guide, a support sleeve arranged displaceably on a rear part of the chamber and a locking sleeve arranged concentrically around the support sleeve, which engages a plurality of locking elements that can be moved through the support sleeve between an inner release position and an outer locking position having in a locking groove of a barrel.
  • a lock guide In the chamber there is arranged an edge ignition firing pin which is coupled to the support sleeve via a restoring element. Rimfire cartridges can also be ignited via the rim-firing firing pin.
  • the reset element for coupling the edge ignition firing pin to the support sleeve ensures that the edge firing firing pin is automatically retracted when the weapon is opened. This ensures that the tip of the edge ignition firing pin does not protrude beyond the bottom of the chamber. This could lead to an unintentional ignition of the cartridge if the breechblock closes quickly.
  • the edge ignition firing pin arranged inside the chamber is offset from a central axis of the chamber and can be displaced parallel to the central axis.
  • the edge ignition firing pin can preferably be actuated by a central striking piece which is axially displaceable in a central through opening of the chamber.
  • the central hammer has a front stop surface for contact with the edge ignition firing pin. This allows the edge ignition firing pin from the central hammer in the direction of the Cartridge can be moved.
  • the central striking piece can also contain a central firing pin protruding forward relative to the front striking surface. This means that the breech can also be used to ignite center fire cartridges.
  • the edge ignition firing pin expediently has a firing pin at its front end and a transverse groove at its rear end for engagement with the restoring element.
  • the restoring element can be guided displaceably in a recess on the top of the chamber. It preferably has a front nose for engagement with the rimfire firing pin and a rear nose for engagement with the support sleeve.
  • the invention also relates to a rifle with a barrel and a breech as described above.
  • FIG 1 the rear part of a barrel 1 and a breech 2 of a repeating rifle are shown in an open position.
  • the barrel has a cartridge chamber 3 and a receiving opening 5 provided with a locking groove 4 for receiving an in Figure 2 Chamber 6 of the closure 2 shown.
  • the lock 2 designed here as a radial collar lock, contains a lock guide 7 designed as a slide, in which the chamber 6, a locking sleeve 8, designed here as an expanding sleeve, and a support sleeve 9 are arranged.
  • the breech guide 7 is guided displaceably on a system box of the repeating rifle, not shown here.
  • the chamber 6 has a slimmer rear part 10 and a front part 11 which is enlarged in diameter for engaging in the receiving opening 5 of the barrel 1.
  • the support sleeve 9 is displaceably guided on the slimmer rear part 10 of the chamber 6.
  • the locking sleeve 8 is also arranged concentrically around the support sleeve 9 on the rear part 10 of the chamber 6.
  • Two cartridge extractors 13 are arranged in two lateral recesses 12 on the front part 11 of the chamber 6.
  • two extractor pins 15 acted upon by compression springs 14 are also arranged.
  • the central passage opening 16 shown in the chamber 6 is guided in a manner known per se such that a central hammer 17 can be axially displaced against the force of a return spring 18.
  • the central through opening 16 is arranged coaxially to a central axis 44 of the chamber 6.
  • In the chamber 6 there is also a on the right side of the Figure 2 edge ignition firing pin 19 shown slidably guided.
  • the rimfire firing pin 19 is offset within the chamber 6 in relation to the central axis 44 of the chamber 6 and is arranged displaceably parallel to the central axis 44.
  • rim firing firing pin 19 has a firing pin 20 at the front end and a transverse groove 21 at the rear end.
  • a firing pin return element 23 which will be explained in more detail below, is guided with two oppositely protruding lugs 24 and 25.
  • the downwardly protruding front nose 24 of the firing pin return element 23 engages in the transverse groove 21 of the edge ignition firing pin 19 and the upwardly protruding rear nose 25 in a Figure 1 shown longitudinal groove 26 on the inside of the support sleeve 9 a.
  • the locking sleeve 8 designed here as an expanding sleeve, is secured in the axial direction by a securing piece 27 designed as a chamber rivet within the locking guide 7.
  • the locking sleeve 8 contains according to Figure 2 a plurality of spring tongues 29 subdivided by longitudinal slots 28, which have locking elements 30 in the form of thickenings for engagement in the locking groove 4 of the barrel 1 at their front end.
  • the locking elements 30 On their front side, have conical segment-shaped front contact surfaces 31 for contact with a conical rear abutment surface 32 at the transition from the slimmer rear part 10 to the enlarged front part 11 of the chamber 7.
  • the spring tongues 29 contain an in Figure 1 Run-up bevel 33 shown for spreading the spring tongues 29 apart by the support sleeve 9.
  • the locking elements 30 contain conical segment-shaped rear contact surfaces 34 which are in a Figure 6
  • the locking position shown comes to rest on a rear locking surface 35 on the back of the locking groove 5 in the barrel 1.
  • the rear locking surface 35 of the barrel 1 has a comparatively steep angle of 70 ° to 80 ° with respect to the central axis of the barrel 1.
  • the rear contact surfaces 34 of the locking elements 30 are designed in such a way that, in the locking position, they also occupy the angle of the rear locking surface 35 on the barrel 1 and thus lie flat against the locking surface 35.
  • the conical abutment surface 32 of the locking chamber 7 is inclined with respect to the central axis of the locking chamber 7 by an angle between 80 ° and 85 °.
  • the cone segment-shaped front contact surfaces 31 of the locking elements 30 on the end face of the spring tongues 12 are also inclined at the angle of the abutment surface 32.
  • the compressive forces F acting on the barrel 1 when a shot is fired from the locking elements 29 have a relatively large force component in the axial direction and only a comparatively small force component in the radial direction. In this way, a load-related expansion of the running end can be prevented and the stability of the locking can be improved.
  • the support sleeve 9 arranged between the rear end 10 of the chamber 7 and the locking sleeve 8 has a longitudinal slot 36 on the underside for receiving the securing piece 27.
  • a arranged on the back of the support sleeve 9 extension 38 acts with an in Figure 1 locking lever 39 shown together, which is rotatably mounted in the locking guide about a transverse axis and can be actuated by a bolt handle 40.
  • the support sleeve 15 is in a retracted position, in which the inclined front face 37 of the support sleeve 9 is separated from the run-up bevels 33 on the inside of the spring tongues 29 the locking sleeve 8 is spaced apart.
  • the locking elements 30 are located at the front end of the spring tongues 29 of the locking sleeve 8 in one of the inwardly pivoted release position.
  • the rear nose 25 of the firing pin restoring element 23 rests against the front end of the longitudinal groove 26 on the inside of the support sleeve 9, so that the edge firing firing pin 19 located in the chamber 6 is held in a retracted position via the firing pin restoring element 23.
  • a cartridge 41 can be advanced from the chamber 6 and inserted into the barrel 1.
  • the support sleeve 9 is moved over the locking lever 39 according to FIG Figure 6 pushed forward, the inclined front face 37 initially coming to rest against the run-up bevels 33 on the inside of the spring tongues 29 and, after the spring tongues 29 have been bent open, by further displacement of the support sleeve 9 forwards under the locking elements 30.
  • the locking elements 30 at the front end of the spring tongues 29 are pressed radially outward into the locking groove 4 of the barrel 1 and held by the support sleeve 9 that engages below. In this way, a particularly secure locking is achieved.
  • a front stop surface 43 of the hammer 17 takes the edge ignition firing pin 19 with it forwards and presses it against the cartridge 41 to ignite it.
  • the edge ignition firing pin 19 offset from the central axis 44 of the chamber 6 is displaced parallel to the central axis 44 and pushed forward by the front stop surface 43 of the hammer 17.
  • the striker 17 can also contain a firing pin 45 protruding forwards in relation to the stop surface 43.
  • the closure 2 can also be used for cartridges with central ignition.
  • the bolt handle 40 is pulled back and the lock lever 39 is thus rotated.
  • the support sleeve 9 is also withdrawn so that the spring tongues 29 can move inwards again due to their elasticity. Only when the spring tongues 29 of the locking sleeve 8 are in the radially inner release position is the locking guide 7 released for displacement to the rear.
  • the edge ignition firing pin 19 is also taken along via the firing pin return element 23.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verschluss eines Repetiergewehrs nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Repetiergewehr mit einem derartigen Verschluss.The invention relates to a bolt for a bolt-action rifle according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a bolt-action rifle with a bolt of this type.

Aus der DE 20 2008 007 768 U ist ein gattungsgemäßer Verschluss eines Repetiergewehrs bekannt. Dort sind eine Verriegelungskammer und eine um diese konzentrisch angeordnete Verriegelungshülse innerhalb einer Verschlussführung angeordnet. Die als Spreizhülse ausgeführte Verriegelungshülse ist an ihrem vorderen Ende durch Längsschlitze in mehrere biegsame Federzungen unterteilt. Die Federzungen weisen an ihren vorderen Enden Verriegelungselemente zum Eingriff in eine Ringnut an der Innenseite des Laufes auf. Durch eine zwischen dem hinteren Teil der Verriegelungskammer und der Verriegelungshülse axial verschiebbare Stützhülse sind die Verriegelungselemente zwischen einer radial inneren Lösestellung und einer radial äußeren Verriegelungsstellung bewegbar. Dieser bekannte Verschluss ist für Zentralfeuerpatronen konzipiert. Über einen in Richtung der Mittelachse der Kammer verschiebbaren Schlagbolzen können Patronen mit zentral im Hülsenboden angeordneten Zündhütchen abgefeuert werden. Solche Zentralfeuerpatronen sind jedoch in der Regel teurer, so dass insbesondere für Trainingszwecke ein Bedarf für eine Nutzung auch kostengünstiger Randfeuerpatronen besteht.From the DE 20 2008 007 768 U a generic breech of a repeating rifle is known. There a locking chamber and a locking sleeve arranged concentrically around it are arranged within a locking guide. The locking sleeve, designed as an expanding sleeve, is divided into several flexible spring tongues at its front end by longitudinal slots. At their front ends, the spring tongues have locking elements for engaging in an annular groove on the inside of the barrel. By means of a support sleeve which is axially displaceable between the rear part of the locking chamber and the locking sleeve, the locking elements can be moved between a radially inner release position and a radially outer locking position. This well-known closure is designed for center fire cartridges. Cartridges with primers arranged centrally in the case base can be fired via a firing pin that can be displaced in the direction of the central axis of the chamber. However, such center fire cartridges are generally more expensive, so that there is a need for the use of inexpensive rimfire cartridges, especially for training purposes.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Verschluss der eingangs genannten Art und ein Repetiergewehr mit einem solchen Verschluss zu schaffen, die ein sicheres Abfeuern von Randfeuerpatronen ermöglichen.The object of the invention is to create a breech of the type mentioned at the outset and a repeating rifle with such a breech, which enable rimfire cartridges to be fired safely.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Verschluss mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und durch ein Repetiergewehr mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a breechblock with the features of claim 1 and by a repeating rifle with the features of claim 11. Appropriate Refinements and advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Der erfindungsgemäße Verschluss enthält eine Verschlussführung, eine in der Verschlussführung angeordneten Kammer, eine auf einem hinteren Teil der Kammer verschiebbar angeordnete Stützhülse und eine konzentrisch um die Stützhülse angeordnete Verriegelungshülse, die mehrere durch die Stützhülse zwischen einer inneren Lösestellung und einer äußeren Verriegelungsstellung bewegbare Verriegelungselemente zum Eingriff in eine Verriegelungsnut eines Laufs aufweist. In der Kammer ist ein über ein Rückstellelement mit der Stützhülse gekoppelter Randzündungsschlagbolzen angeordnet. Über den Randzündungsschlagbolzen können auch Randfeuerpatronen gezündet werden. Durch das Rückstellelement zur Kopplung des Randzündungsschlagbolzens mit der Stützhülse wird gewährleistet, dass der Randzündungsschlagbolzen beim Öffnen der Waffe automatisch zurückgezogen wird. Dadurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Spitze des Randzündungsschlagbolzens nicht über den Stoßboden der Kammer hinausragt. Dies könnte bei einem schnellen Schließen des Verschlusses zu einer ungewollten Zündung der Patrone führen.The lock according to the invention contains a lock guide, a chamber arranged in the lock guide, a support sleeve arranged displaceably on a rear part of the chamber and a locking sleeve arranged concentrically around the support sleeve, which engages a plurality of locking elements that can be moved through the support sleeve between an inner release position and an outer locking position having in a locking groove of a barrel. In the chamber there is arranged an edge ignition firing pin which is coupled to the support sleeve via a restoring element. Rimfire cartridges can also be ignited via the rim-firing firing pin. The reset element for coupling the edge ignition firing pin to the support sleeve ensures that the edge firing firing pin is automatically retracted when the weapon is opened. This ensures that the tip of the edge ignition firing pin does not protrude beyond the bottom of the chamber. This could lead to an unintentional ignition of the cartridge if the breechblock closes quickly.

In einer besonders zweckmäßigen Ausführung ist der innerhalb der Kammer angeordnete Randzündungsschlagbolzen zu einer Mittelachse der Kammer versetzt und parallel zur Mittelachse verschiebbar.In a particularly expedient embodiment, the edge ignition firing pin arranged inside the chamber is offset from a central axis of the chamber and can be displaced parallel to the central axis.

Vorzugsweise ist der Randzündungsschlagbolzen durch ein in einer zentralen Durchgangsöffnung der Kammer axial verschiebbares zentrales Schlagstück betätigbar. Dadurch können auch für Zentralfeuerpatronen konzipierte Kammern ohne aufwändige Umkonstruktionen zum Einsatz bei Randfeuerpatronen gelangen. An den sonstigen Bauteilen des Verschlusses und der Abzugseinheit sind dadurch keine oder nur geringfügige Änderungen erforderlich.The edge ignition firing pin can preferably be actuated by a central striking piece which is axially displaceable in a central through opening of the chamber. As a result, chambers designed for center fire cartridges can also be used for rimfire cartridges without complex reconstruction. As a result, no or only minor changes are required to the other components of the lock and the trigger unit.

In einer fertigungstechnisch einfachen Ausführung weist das zentrale Schlagstück eine vordere Anschlagfläche zur Anlage an dem Randzündungsschlagbolzen auf. Dadurch kann der Randzündungsschlagbolzen von dem zentralen Schlagstück in Richtung der Patrone bewegt werden. Das zentrale Schlagstück kann auch einen gegenüber der vorderen Schlagfläche nach vorne vorstehenden zentralen Zündstift enthalten. Dadurch kann der Verschluss auch zur Zündung von Zentralfeuerpatronen verwendet werden.In an embodiment that is simple in terms of production technology, the central hammer has a front stop surface for contact with the edge ignition firing pin. This allows the edge ignition firing pin from the central hammer in the direction of the Cartridge can be moved. The central striking piece can also contain a central firing pin protruding forward relative to the front striking surface. This means that the breech can also be used to ignite center fire cartridges.

Der Randzündungsschlagbolzen weist zweckmäßigerweise an seinem vorderen Ende einen Zündstift und an seinem hinteren Ende eine Quernut zum Eingriff mit dem Rückstellelement auf.The edge ignition firing pin expediently has a firing pin at its front end and a transverse groove at its rear end for engagement with the restoring element.

Das Rückstellelement kann in einer Aussparung auf der Oberseite der Kammer verschiebbar geführt sein. Es weist vorzugsweise eine vordere Nase zum Eingriff mit dem Randzündungsschlagbolzen und eine hintere Nase zum Eingriff mit der Stützhülse auf.The restoring element can be guided displaceably in a recess on the top of the chamber. It preferably has a front nose for engagement with the rimfire firing pin and a rear nose for engagement with the support sleeve.

Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Gewehr mit einem Lauf und einem vorstehend beschriebenen Verschluss.The invention also relates to a rifle with a barrel and a breech as described above.

Weitere Besonderheiten und Vorzüge der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels anhand der Zeichnung. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längschnitt durch einen hinteren Teil eines Laufs und einen Verschluss;
Fig. 2
einen Verschluss in einer Explosionsdarstellung;
Fig. 3
einen Längschnitt durch einen Verschluss in einer geöffneten Stellung;
Fig. 4
einen Längschnitt durch einen Verschluss bei der Einführung einer Patrone;
Fig. 5
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Verschluss im geschlossenen aber noch nicht verriegelten Zustand;
Fig. 6
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Verschluss im geschlossenen und verriegelten Zustand und
Fig. 7
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Verschluss bei der Zündung einer Patrone.
Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through a rear part of a barrel and a breech;
Fig. 2
a closure in an exploded view;
Fig. 3
a longitudinal section through a closure in an open position;
Fig. 4
a longitudinal section through a closure when inserting a cartridge;
Fig. 5
a longitudinal section through a lock in the closed but not yet locked state;
Fig. 6
a longitudinal section through a closure in the closed and locked state and
Fig. 7
a longitudinal section through a closure when a cartridge is ignited.

In Figur 1 sind der hintere Teil eines Laufs 1 und ein Verschluss 2 eines Repetiergewehrs in einer geöffneten Stellung gezeigt. Der Lauf weist an seinem gezeigten hinteren Ende ein Patronenlager 3 und eine mit einer Verriegelungsnut 4 versehene Aufnahmeöffnung 5 zur Aufnahme einer in Figur 2 gezeigten Kammer 6 des Verschlusses 2 auf. Der hier als Radialbundverschluss ausgebildete Verschluss 2 enthält eine als Schieber ausgeführte Verschlussführung 7, in der die Kammer 6, eine hier als Spreizhülse ausgeführte Verriegelungshülse 8 und eine Stützhülse 9 angeordnet sind. Die Verschlussführung 7 ist auf einem hier nicht dargestellten Systemkasten des Repetiergewehrs verschiebbar geführt.In Figure 1 the rear part of a barrel 1 and a breech 2 of a repeating rifle are shown in an open position. At its rear end shown, the barrel has a cartridge chamber 3 and a receiving opening 5 provided with a locking groove 4 for receiving an in Figure 2 Chamber 6 of the closure 2 shown. The lock 2, designed here as a radial collar lock, contains a lock guide 7 designed as a slide, in which the chamber 6, a locking sleeve 8, designed here as an expanding sleeve, and a support sleeve 9 are arranged. The breech guide 7 is guided displaceably on a system box of the repeating rifle, not shown here.

Wie besonders aus Figur 2 hervorgeht, weist die Kammer 6 einen schlankeren hinteren Teil 10 und einen im Durchmesser erweiterten vorderen Teil 11 zum Eingriff in die Aufnahmeöffnung 5 des Laufs 1 auf. Auf dem schlankeren hinteren Teil 10 der Kammer 6 ist die Stützhülse 9 verschiebbar geführt. Konzentrisch um die Stützhülse 9 ist auf dem hinteren Teil 10 der Kammer 6 außerdem die Verriegelungshülse 8 angeordnet. In zwei seitlichen Aussparungen 12 am vorderen Teil 11 der Kammer 6 sind zwei Patronenauszieher 13 angeordnet. Im vorderen Teil 11 der Kammer 6 sind ferner zwei durch Druckfedern 14 beaufschlagte Auszieherstifte 15 angeordnet.How special Figure 2 As can be seen, the chamber 6 has a slimmer rear part 10 and a front part 11 which is enlarged in diameter for engaging in the receiving opening 5 of the barrel 1. The support sleeve 9 is displaceably guided on the slimmer rear part 10 of the chamber 6. The locking sleeve 8 is also arranged concentrically around the support sleeve 9 on the rear part 10 of the chamber 6. Two cartridge extractors 13 are arranged in two lateral recesses 12 on the front part 11 of the chamber 6. In the front part 11 of the chamber 6, two extractor pins 15 acted upon by compression springs 14 are also arranged.

In einer in Figur 1 gezeigten zentralen Durchgangsöffnung 16 der Kammer 6 ist in an sich bekannter Weise ein zentrales Schlagstück 17 entgegen der Kraft einer Rückstellfeder 18 axial verschiebbar geführt. Die zentrale Durchgangsöffnung 16 ist koaxial zu einer Mittelachse 44 der Kammer 6 angeordnet. In der Kammer 6 ist außerdem ein auch auf der rechten Seite der Figur 2 gezeigter Randzündungsschlagbolzen 19 verschiebbar geführt. Der Randzündungsschlagbolzen 19 ist innerhalb der Kammer 6 zur Mittelachse 44 der Kammer 6 versetzt und parallel zur Mittelachse 44 verschiebbar angeordnet.In an in Figure 1 The central passage opening 16 shown in the chamber 6 is guided in a manner known per se such that a central hammer 17 can be axially displaced against the force of a return spring 18. The central through opening 16 is arranged coaxially to a central axis 44 of the chamber 6. In the chamber 6 there is also a on the right side of the Figure 2 edge ignition firing pin 19 shown slidably guided. The rimfire firing pin 19 is offset within the chamber 6 in relation to the central axis 44 of the chamber 6 and is arranged displaceably parallel to the central axis 44.

Wie in Figur 2 gezeigt ist, weist der Randzündungsschlagbolzen 19 einem Zündstift 20 am vorderen Ende und eine Quernut 21 am hinteren Ende auf. In einer schlitzförmigen Ausnehmung 22 auf der Oberseite des schlankeren hinteren Teils 10 der Kammer 6 ist ein im Folgenden noch näher erläutertes Schlagbolzenrückstellelement 23 mit zwei entgegengesetzt vorstehenden Nasen 24 und 25 geführt. Die nach unten ragende vordere Nase 24 des Schlagbolzenrückstellelements 23 greift in die Quernut 21 des Randzündungsschlagbolzens 19 und die nach oben ragende hintere Nase 25 in eine in Figur 1 gezeigte Längsnut 26 an der Innenseite der Stützhülse 9 ein.As in Figure 2 As shown, rim firing firing pin 19 has a firing pin 20 at the front end and a transverse groove 21 at the rear end. In a slot-shaped recess 22 on the upper side of the slimmer rear part 10 of the chamber 6, a firing pin return element 23, which will be explained in more detail below, is guided with two oppositely protruding lugs 24 and 25. The downwardly protruding front nose 24 of the firing pin return element 23 engages in the transverse groove 21 of the edge ignition firing pin 19 and the upwardly protruding rear nose 25 in a Figure 1 shown longitudinal groove 26 on the inside of the support sleeve 9 a.

Die hier als Spreizhülse ausgeführte Verriegelungshülse 8 ist in Axialrichtung durch ein als Kammerniet ausgebildetes Sicherungsstück 27 innerhalb der Verschlussführung 7 gesichert. Die Verriegelungshülse 8 enthält gemäß Figur 2 mehrere durch Längsschlitze 28 unterteilte Federzungen 29, die an ihrem vorderen Ende Verriegelungselemente 30 in Form von Verdickungen zum Eingriff in die Verriegelungsnut 4 des Laufs 1 aufweisen. Die Verriegelungselemente 30 weisen an ihrer Vorderseite konussegmentförmige vordere Anlageflächen 31 zur Anlage an einer konischen hinteren Widerlagerfläche 32 am Übergang vom schlankeren hinteren Teil 10 zum erweiterten vorderen Teil 11 der Kammer 7 auf.The locking sleeve 8, designed here as an expanding sleeve, is secured in the axial direction by a securing piece 27 designed as a chamber rivet within the locking guide 7. The locking sleeve 8 contains according to Figure 2 a plurality of spring tongues 29 subdivided by longitudinal slots 28, which have locking elements 30 in the form of thickenings for engagement in the locking groove 4 of the barrel 1 at their front end. On their front side, the locking elements 30 have conical segment-shaped front contact surfaces 31 for contact with a conical rear abutment surface 32 at the transition from the slimmer rear part 10 to the enlarged front part 11 of the chamber 7.

An der Innenseite enthalten die Federzungen 29 eine in Figur 1 gezeigte Auflaufschräge 33 zum Auseinanderspreizen der Federzungen 29 durch die Stützhülse 9. Durch eine Vorwärtsbewegung der Stützhülse 9 können die Federzungen 29 somit auseinandergespreizt und die Verriegelungselemente 30 so aus einer radial inneren Lösestellung in eine radial äußere Verriegelungsstellung bewegt werden. Die Verriegelungselemente 30 enthalten konussegmentförmige hintere Anlageflächen 34, die in einer in Figur 6 gezeigten Verriegelungsstellung zur Anlage an einer hinteren Verriegelungsfläche 35 an der Rückseite der Verriegelungsnut 5 im Lauf 1 gelangen. Die hintere Verriegelungsfläche 35 des Laufs 1 weist einen vergleichsweise steilen Winkel von 70° bis 80° gegenüber der Mittelachse des Laufs 1 auf. Die hinteren Anlageflächen 34 der Verriegelungselemente 30 sind derart ausgestaltet, dass diese in der Verriegelungsstellung ebenfalls den Winkel der hinteren Verriegelungsfläche 35 am Lauf 1 einnehmen und damit flächig an der Verriegelungsfläche 35 anliegen. Die konische Widerlagerfläche 32 der Verriegelungskammer 7 ist gegenüber der Mittelachse der Verriegelungskammer 7 um einen Winkel zwischen 80° und 85° geneigt. Auch die konussegmentförmigen vorderen Anlageflächen 31 der Verriegelungselemente 30 an der Stirnseite der Federzungen 12 sind unter dem Winkel der Widerlagerfläche 32 geneigt. Durch die steile Ausführung der Verriegelungsfläche 35 in der Verriegelungsnut 4 des Laufs 1 weisen die bei der Abgabe eines Schusses von den Verriegelungselementen 29 auf den Lauf 1 wirkenden Druckkräfte F eine relativ große Kraftkomponente in Axialrichtung und nur eine vergleichsweise kleine Kraftkomponente in Radialrichtung auf. Dadurch kann eine belastungsbedingte Aufweitung des Laufendes verhindert und damit die Stabilität der Verriegelung verbessert werden.On the inside, the spring tongues 29 contain an in Figure 1 Run-up bevel 33 shown for spreading the spring tongues 29 apart by the support sleeve 9. By moving the support sleeve 9 forward, the spring tongues 29 can thus be spread apart and the locking elements 30 can be moved from a radially inner release position into a radially outer locking position. The locking elements 30 contain conical segment-shaped rear contact surfaces 34 which are in a Figure 6 The locking position shown comes to rest on a rear locking surface 35 on the back of the locking groove 5 in the barrel 1. The rear locking surface 35 of the barrel 1 has a comparatively steep angle of 70 ° to 80 ° with respect to the central axis of the barrel 1. The rear contact surfaces 34 of the locking elements 30 are designed in such a way that, in the locking position, they also occupy the angle of the rear locking surface 35 on the barrel 1 and thus lie flat against the locking surface 35. The conical abutment surface 32 of the locking chamber 7 is inclined with respect to the central axis of the locking chamber 7 by an angle between 80 ° and 85 °. The cone segment-shaped front contact surfaces 31 of the locking elements 30 on the end face of the spring tongues 12 are also inclined at the angle of the abutment surface 32. Due to the steep design of the locking surface 35 in the locking groove 4 of the barrel 1, the compressive forces F acting on the barrel 1 when a shot is fired from the locking elements 29 have a relatively large force component in the axial direction and only a comparatively small force component in the radial direction. In this way, a load-related expansion of the running end can be prevented and the stability of the locking can be improved.

Die zwischen dem hinteren Ende 10 der Kammer 7 und der Verriegelungshülse 8 angeordnete Stützhülse 9 weist an der Unterseite einen Längsschlitz 36 zur Aufnahme des Sicherungsstücks 27 auf. An der Vorderseite der Stützhülse 9 ist eine schräge vordere Stirnfläche 37 zur Anlage an der Auflaufschräge 33 an der Innenseite der Federzungen 29 vorgesehen. Ein an der Rückseite der Stützhülse 9 angeordneter Fortsatz 38 wirkt mit einem in Figur 1 gezeigten Verschlusshebel 39 zusammen, der in der Verschlussführung um eine Querachse drehbar gelagert und durch einen Kammerstengel 40 betätigbar ist.The support sleeve 9 arranged between the rear end 10 of the chamber 7 and the locking sleeve 8 has a longitudinal slot 36 on the underside for receiving the securing piece 27. On the front side of the support sleeve 9, an inclined front face 37 is provided to rest against the run-up bevel 33 on the inside of the spring tongues 29. A arranged on the back of the support sleeve 9 extension 38 acts with an in Figure 1 locking lever 39 shown together, which is rotatably mounted in the locking guide about a transverse axis and can be actuated by a bolt handle 40.

Im Folgenden wird die Funktionsweise des Verschlusses 2 anhand der Figuren 3 bis 7 erläutert.In the following, the functioning of the closure 2 is based on the Figures 3 to 7 explained.

Bei der in Figur 3 gezeigten geöffneten Stellung des Verschlusses 2 befindet sich die Stützhülse 15 in einer zurückgezogenen Position, in der die schräge vordere Stirnfläche 37 der Stützhülse 9 von den Auflaufschrägen 33 an der Innenseite der Federzungen 29 der Verriegelungshülse 8 beabstandet ist. Dadurch befinden sich die Verriegelungselemente 30 am vorderen Ende der Federzungen 29 der Verriegelungshülse 8 in einer der nach innen verschwenkten Lösestellung. Die hintere Nase 25 des Schlagbolzenrückstellelements 23 liegt an dem vorderen Ende der Längsnut 26 an der Innenseite der Stützhülse 9 an, so dass der in der Kammer 6 angeordnete Randzündungsschlagbolzen 19 über das Schlagbolzenrückstellelement 23 in einer zurückgezogenen Stellung gehalten wird. In dieser zurückgezogenen Stellung steht die Spitze des Zündstift 20 des Randzündungsschlagbolzen 19 nicht gegenüber dem Stoßboden der Kammer 6 vor. Dadurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass eine Patrone nicht versehentlich durch Vorschieben des Verschlusses 2 gezündet wird. In der geöffneten Stellung des Verschlusses von Figur 2 ist der Kammerstengel 40 nach hinten verschwenkt und gegen Verdrehung blockiert. Dadurch kann die Verschlussführung 7 auf dem nicht gezeigten Systemkasten nach vorne geschoben werden.At the in Figure 3 As shown in the open position of the closure 2, the support sleeve 15 is in a retracted position, in which the inclined front face 37 of the support sleeve 9 is separated from the run-up bevels 33 on the inside of the spring tongues 29 the locking sleeve 8 is spaced apart. As a result, the locking elements 30 are located at the front end of the spring tongues 29 of the locking sleeve 8 in one of the inwardly pivoted release position. The rear nose 25 of the firing pin restoring element 23 rests against the front end of the longitudinal groove 26 on the inside of the support sleeve 9, so that the edge firing firing pin 19 located in the chamber 6 is held in a retracted position via the firing pin restoring element 23. In this retracted position, the tip of the firing pin 20 of the edge firing firing pin 19 does not protrude from the bottom of the chamber 6. In this way it can be ensured that a cartridge is not accidentally ignited by pushing the closure 2 forward. In the open position of the shutter of Figure 2 the bolt handle 40 is pivoted backwards and blocked against rotation. As a result, the lock guide 7 can be pushed forward on the system box (not shown).

Durch Vorschieben des auf dem Systemkasten geführten Verschlusses 2 in Richtung des Laufs 1 kann gemäß Figur 4 eine Patrone 41 von der Kammer 6 vorgeschoben und in den Lauf 1 eingeführt werden.By advancing the slide 2 guided on the system box in the direction of the barrel 1, according to FIG Figure 4 a cartridge 41 can be advanced from the chamber 6 and inserted into the barrel 1.

Beim weiteren Vorschieben des Verschlusses 2 wird die Patrone 41 gemäß Figur 5 in das Patronenlager 2 des Laufs 1 eingeschoben und der vergrößerte vordere Teil 11 der Kammer 6 gelangt zur Anlage am Boden 42 der Öffnung 5 im Lauf 1.When the closure 2 is advanced further, the cartridge 41 is shown in FIG Figure 5 pushed into the cartridge chamber 2 of the barrel 1 and the enlarged front part 11 of the chamber 6 comes to rest on the bottom 42 of the opening 5 in the barrel 1.

Durch anschließendes Vorwärtsschwenken des Kammerstengels 40 und der dadurch bedingten Drehung des Verschlusshebels 39 wird die Stützhülse 9 über den Verschlusshebel 39 gemäß Figur 6 nach vorne geschoben, wobei die schräge vordere Stirnfläche 37 zunächst zur Anlage an den Auflaufschrägen 33 an der Innenseite der Federzungen 29 und nach dem Aufbiegen der Federzungen 29 durch weitere Verschiebung der Stützhülse 9 nach vorne unter die Verriegelungselemente 30 gelangt. Dadurch werden die Verriegelungselemente 30 am vorderen Ende der Federzungen 29 radial nach außen in die Verriegelungsnut 4 des Laufs 1 gedrückt und durch die untergreifende Stützhülse 9 gehalten. Auf diese Weise wird eine besonders sichere Verriegelung erreicht. In Figur 6 ist auch erkennbar, dass durch die Vorwärtsbewegung der Stützhülse 9 die hintere Nase 25 des Randzündungsschlagbolzens 19 zum hinteren Ende der Längsnut 26 an der Innenseite der Stützhülse 9 gelangt. Dadurch wird der Randzündungsschlagbolzen 19 frei und kann zur Zündung der Patrone 41 nach vorne geschoben werden.By subsequently pivoting the bolt handle 40 forward and the resulting rotation of the locking lever 39, the support sleeve 9 is moved over the locking lever 39 according to FIG Figure 6 pushed forward, the inclined front face 37 initially coming to rest against the run-up bevels 33 on the inside of the spring tongues 29 and, after the spring tongues 29 have been bent open, by further displacement of the support sleeve 9 forwards under the locking elements 30. As a result, the locking elements 30 at the front end of the spring tongues 29 are pressed radially outward into the locking groove 4 of the barrel 1 and held by the support sleeve 9 that engages below. In this way, a particularly secure locking is achieved. In Figure 6 can also be seen that by moving forward of the support sleeve 9, the rear nose 25 of the edge ignition striker 19 reaches the rear end of the longitudinal groove 26 on the inside of the support sleeve 9. This releases the edge firing firing pin 19 and can be pushed forward to ignite the cartridge 41.

Wird das Schlagstück 17 aus der in Figur 6 gezeigten Stellung in an sich bekannter Weise durch Betätigung eines Abzugs unter Wirkung einer hier nicht dargstellten Schlagfeder gemäß Figur 7 nach vorne gedrückt, nimmt eine vordere Anschlagfläche 43 des Schlagstücks 17 den Randzündungsschlagbolzen 19 nach vorne mit und drückt diesen gegen die Patrone 41 zu deren Zündung. Durch die vordere Anschlagfläche 43 des Schlagstücks 17 wird der zur Mittelachse 44 der Kammer 6 versetzte Randzündungsschlagbolzen 19 parallel zur Mittelachse 44 verschoben und nach vorne gedrückt. Wie aus Figur 5 hervorgeht, kann das Schlagstück 17 auch einen gegenüber der Anschlagfläche 43 nach vorne vorstehenden Zündstift 45 enthalten. Dadurch kann der Verschluss 2 auch für Patronen mit Zentralzündung eingesetzt werden.If the hammer 17 from the in Figure 6 position shown in a manner known per se by actuating a trigger under the action of a striker spring, not shown here Figure 7 pushed forward, a front stop surface 43 of the hammer 17 takes the edge ignition firing pin 19 with it forwards and presses it against the cartridge 41 to ignite it. The edge ignition firing pin 19 offset from the central axis 44 of the chamber 6 is displaced parallel to the central axis 44 and pushed forward by the front stop surface 43 of the hammer 17. How out Figure 5 As can be seen, the striker 17 can also contain a firing pin 45 protruding forwards in relation to the stop surface 43. As a result, the closure 2 can also be used for cartridges with central ignition.

Zum Öffnen des Verschlusses 2 wird der Kammerstengel 40 zurückgezogen und damit der Verschlusshebel 39 gedreht. Dadurch wird auch die Stützhülse 9 zurückgezogen, so dass sich die Federzungen 29 aufgrund ihrer Elastizität wieder nach innen bewegen können. Erst wenn sich die Federzungen 29 der Verriegelungshülse 8 in der radial inneren Lösestellung befinden, wird die Verschlussführung 7 zur Verschiebung nach hinten freigegeben. Beim Zurückziehen der Stützhülse wird auch der Randzündungsschlagbolzen 19 über das Schlagbolzenrückstellelement 23 mitgenommen.To open the lock 2, the bolt handle 40 is pulled back and the lock lever 39 is thus rotated. As a result, the support sleeve 9 is also withdrawn so that the spring tongues 29 can move inwards again due to their elasticity. Only when the spring tongues 29 of the locking sleeve 8 are in the radially inner release position is the locking guide 7 released for displacement to the rear. When the support sleeve is withdrawn, the edge ignition firing pin 19 is also taken along via the firing pin return element 23.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

  1. 1 Lauf1 run
  2. 2 Verschluss2 clasp
  3. 3 Patronenlager3 cartridge chambers
  4. 4 Verriegelungsnut4 locking groove
  5. 5 Aufnahmeöffnung5 receiving opening
  6. 6 Kammer6 chambers
  7. 7 Verschlussführung7 Lock guide
  8. 8 Verriegelungshülse8 locking sleeve
  9. 9 Stützhülse9 support sleeve
  10. 10 Hinterer Teil der Kammer10 Rear part of the chamber
  11. 11 Vorderer Teil der Kammer11 Front part of the chamber
  12. 12 Aussparung12 recess
  13. 13 Patronenauszieher13 cartridge extractor
  14. 14 Druckfeder14 compression spring
  15. 15 Auszieherstift15 extractor pin
  16. 16 Durchgangsöffnung16 through opening
  17. 17 Schlagstück17 striking piece
  18. 18 Rückstellfeder18 return spring
  19. 19 Randzündungsschlagbolzen19 rim detonation firing pin
  20. 20 Zündstift20 firing pin
  21. 21 Quernut21 transverse groove
  22. 22 Ausnehmung22 recess
  23. 23 Schlagbolzenrückstellelement23 Firing pin return element
  24. 24 Vordere Nase24 front nose
  25. 25 Hintere Nase25 rear nose
  26. 26 Längsnut26 longitudinal groove
  27. 27 Sicherungsstück27 Fuse
  28. 28 Längschlitz28 longitudinal slot
  29. 29 Federzunge29 spring tongue
  30. 30 Verriegelungselement30 locking element
  31. 31 Vordere Anlagefläche31 Front contact surface
  32. 32 Widerlagerfläche32 abutment surface
  33. 33 Auflaufschräge33 ramp
  34. 34 Hintere Anlagefläche34 Rear contact surface
  35. 35 Verriegelungsfläche35 locking surface
  36. 36 Längsschlitz36 longitudinal slot
  37. 37 Vordere Stirnfläche37 Front face
  38. 38 Fortsatz38 appendix
  39. 39 Verschlusshebel39 locking lever
  40. 40 Kammerstengel40 bolt handles
  41. 41 Patrone41 cartridge
  42. 42 Boden42 floor
  43. 43 Schlagfläche43 club face
  44. 44 Mittelachse der Kammer44 Central axis of the chamber
  45. 45 Zündstift45 firing pin

Claims (11)

  1. Bolt (2) for a repeating rifle with a bolt guide (7), a chamber (6) arranged in the bolt guide (7), a support sleeve (9) arranged to be displaceable on a rear part (10) of the chamber (6) and a locking sleeve (8) arranged concentrically around the support sleeve (9) which has several locking elements (30) which is movable by the support sleeve (9) between an inner release position and an outer locking position for engagement in a locking groove (4) of a barrel (1), wherein the locking sleeve (8) is designed as an expanding sleeve with several spring tongues (29) which have on their inner side, rising slopes (33) for engagement with a front bevelled end-face surface (37) of the support sleeve (9), characterised in that a rim-priming firing pin (19) coupled to the support sleeve (9) via a reset element (23) is arranged in the chamber (6).
  2. Bolt (2) according to claim 1, characterised in that the rim-priming firing pin (19) arranged within the chamber (6) is offset to a central axis (44) of the chamber (6) and is displaceable parallel to the central axis (44).
  3. Bolt (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the rim-priming firing pin (19) is actuable by a central firing pin piece (17) axially displaceable in a central passage opening (16) of the chamber (6).
  4. Bolt (2) according to claim 3, characterised in that the central firing pin piece (17) has a front stop surface (43) for resting on the rim-priming firing pin (19).
  5. Bolt (2) according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the central firing pin piece (17) has a central primer pin (45) projecting forwards with respect to the front stop surface (43).
  6. Bolt (2) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the rim-priming firing pin (19) has on its front end, a primer pin (20) and on its rear end, a transverse groove (21) for engagement with the reset element (23).
  7. Bolt (2) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the reset element (23) is guided to be displaceable in a recess (22) on the upper side of the chamber (6).
  8. Bolt (2) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the reset element (23) has a front projection (24) for engagement with the rim-priming firing pin (19) and a rear projection (25) for engagement with the support sleeve (9).
  9. Bolt according to claim 8, characterised in that the rear projection (25) of the reset element (23) engages in a longitudinal groove (26) on the inner side of the support sleeve (9).
  10. Bolt according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the support sleeve (9) is actuable by a bolt lever (39) pivotable by means of a chamber stem (40).
  11. Repeating rifle with a bolt (2) and a barrel (1) cooperating with the bolt, characterised in that the bolt (2) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 10.
EP19171848.5A 2018-06-13 2019-04-30 Bolt of a repeating rifle and repeating rifle with such a bolt Active EP3581872B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018114064.9A DE102018114064A1 (en) 2018-06-13 2018-06-13 Breech of a repeating rifle and repeating rifle with such a breech

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3581872A1 EP3581872A1 (en) 2019-12-18
EP3581872B1 true EP3581872B1 (en) 2021-05-05

Family

ID=66334296

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19171848.5A Active EP3581872B1 (en) 2018-06-13 2019-04-30 Bolt of a repeating rifle and repeating rifle with such a bolt

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3581872B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102018114064A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11680771B2 (en) 2017-12-27 2023-06-20 Magpul Industries Corp. Foldable firearm

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1837512A (en) * 1928-02-27 1931-12-22 George E Peters Repeating firearm
DE10240891A1 (en) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-18 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Automatic weapon has breech block and breech block mounting, breech block having locking block which moves at right angles to it and grips lugs to lock it
DE202006011936U1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2007-12-06 S.A.T. Swiss Arms Technology Ag Run a handgun
DE202008007768U1 (en) 2008-06-11 2009-10-22 Blaser Finanzholding Gmbh Closure for a repeating rifle and barrel for such a closure
DE102009057569B3 (en) * 2009-12-09 2010-12-02 Blaser Finanzholding Gmbh Clamping device for lock of repeating rifle, has detent combined with counter detent for holding clamping bolts in front clamping position, and declamping mechanisms attached to bolts for declamping striker spring during removal of magazine
DE102010032592B4 (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-10-11 Voere Holding Gmbh Firearm with eccentric small-caliber cartridge butt and eccentrically pivoting barrel

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11680771B2 (en) 2017-12-27 2023-06-20 Magpul Industries Corp. Foldable firearm
US12000671B2 (en) 2017-12-27 2024-06-04 Magpul Industries Corp. Foldable firearm

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102018114064A1 (en) 2019-12-19
EP3581872A1 (en) 2019-12-18

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