EP3579976B1 - Comminuting device - Google Patents

Comminuting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3579976B1
EP3579976B1 EP18705127.1A EP18705127A EP3579976B1 EP 3579976 B1 EP3579976 B1 EP 3579976B1 EP 18705127 A EP18705127 A EP 18705127A EP 3579976 B1 EP3579976 B1 EP 3579976B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clearing
comminuting
elements
shaft
shredding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18705127.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3579976A1 (en
Inventor
Torsten BURHORST
Markus Kolbeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vogelsang GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Vogelsang GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Vogelsang GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Vogelsang GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL18705127T priority Critical patent/PL3579976T3/en
Publication of EP3579976A1 publication Critical patent/EP3579976A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3579976B1 publication Critical patent/EP3579976B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
    • B02C18/0092Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C18/22Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225Feed means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C18/22Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225Feed means
    • B02C18/2275Feed means using a rotating arm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0007Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
    • B02C2018/0069Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents with stripping devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C2018/164Prevention of jamming and/or overload
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
    • B02C2201/063Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a comminution device for solid-carrying liquids, comprising a housing with an inlet opening, an outlet opening and a housing interior extending from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, a first shredding shaft extending through the housing interior, which is arranged for rotation about a first shredding axis and on which a plurality of first shredding cutting elements axially spaced along the first shredding axis is attached, a second shredding shaft extending through the housing interior, which is arranged for rotation about a second shredding axis and to which a plurality of second shredding cutting elements axially spaced along the second shredding axis is attached, a Drive device for driving the first and second shredding shaft in a rotational movement,
  • Comminution devices of the aforementioned type are used to treat liquids contaminated with solids in such a way that the solids are comminuted and after exiting the outlet opening of the comminution device, the solids contained in the liquid no longer exceed a maximum size.
  • the comminution of the solids is typically carried out by shear and tearing forces that act on the solids when they pass between the comminution cutting elements.
  • the comminution efficiency of such comminution devices depends largely on the fact that gaps and free spaces that result for the liquid to pass through are minimized in such a way that solids above a certain size cannot get from the inlet to the outlet opening without a comminuting effect on these solids is exercised.
  • the consequence of this requirement is that precisely when a high degree of fineness and a small size of the solids emerging from the outlet opening is sought, the cross section remaining for the liquid flow through the comminution device is small and therefore the comminution device represents a high flow resistance.
  • comminution devices are used precisely to be installed in the flow inlet to a pump in order to reliably prevent the pump from being damaged by solids above a certain size. Both with self-priming pumps and with pumps that are not self-priming, an increased flow resistance in the inlet is disadvantageous for the pumping effect and therefore the aim is to make the flow in the inlet to the pump as free of resistance as possible.
  • a shredding device which has two shredding shafts.
  • a screening device with slots is arranged adjacent to the shredding shafts, which are combed through by means of clearing elements.
  • a comminuting device that largely corresponds to this prior art is also off KR 101 636 540 B1 previously known.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a comminution device while avoiding such disadvantages, which achieves reliable comminution with reduced flow resistance both in liquid flows with a low solid content and high volume throughput and in liquid flows with a high solid content.
  • a sieve device which has a sieve wall.
  • the solids-carrying liquid can flow through this sieve wall from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, the sieve effect preventing solids above a certain size, namely above the sieve mesh size or slot width, from being able to pass the sieve wall.
  • the screen wall therefore reduces the flow resistance through the comminution device by providing additional flow paths for the liquid. This prevents solids above a certain size from flowing through the comminution device on these flow paths.
  • a clearing device In order to keep the sieve wall with the slots contained therein permeable, a clearing device is also provided.
  • the clearing device comprises a plurality of movable clearing elements which are movable relative to the screen wall.
  • the clearing elements extend on at least a section of their movement path through the slots in the sieve wall and can thereby clear solids which partially or completely clog the slots and thereby keep the slots free.
  • the clearing device can be driven actively or passively, for example the movement of the clearing elements can be brought about by the flow effect of the liquid through the comminuting device, this being achieved if necessary by corresponding flow guide elements that are coupled to the clearing device.
  • the clearing device can be coupled to the first and / or the second shredding shaft and driven by the coupling, which brings about a synchronous movement of the clearing elements with the shredding cutting elements.
  • the shredding device can be developed by a clearing drive device which is coupled to the first clearing shaft and sets the first clearing shaft in rotation.
  • a clearing drive device is provided, such as an electric motor, a hydraulic motor or the like, with which the clearing shaft on which the clearing elements are attached is set in rotation so that the clearing elements describe a circular path as a movement path and this circular path at least partially extends through the slots.
  • each clearing element basically follows its own path of movement, for example each clearing element a slot in the Sieve wall is assigned and clears it or that several such clearing elements are provided for clearing a slot and comb through this successively on a matching or different movement path.
  • the clearing drive device comprises hydrodynamically acting fluid guide elements, which are arranged in the interior and are exposed to the flow of liquid flowing through the interior, or an electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically driven motor.
  • the clearing drive device is formed by fluid guiding elements such as guide vanes, which have flowed against them and set in motion by the liquid flow through the interior, causing the rotation of the first clearing shaft.
  • a motor can be provided which generates a movement of the clearing elements which is effected independently of the flow through the interior. This motor can in particular be arranged outside the interior space in order to prevent the motor from being loaded with liquid.
  • a total of two screening devices are provided, which are preferably structurally identical and mirror-symmetrical to a plane that extends centrally between the two shredding shafts in the flow direction and parallel to the shredding shafts through the interior.
  • the second screening device can also be designed with a different geometry, different arrangement or different clearing device than the first screening device.
  • the first and second shredding shafts are arranged between the two sieve devices, so that the liquid flowing through the interior space can take a total of three general liquid flow paths through the interior space, one liquid path goes through the first sieve device, a liquid path goes through the second sieve device and a liquid path goes through the area of the two shredding shafts.
  • the advantage of these two arrangements is that an overall homogeneous flow pattern is achieved at the outlet, that solids can continue to be conveyed from both sides through the first and second clearing device in the direction of the shredding shafts when the slots in the first and second screening device to be cleared.
  • the second clearing shaft is set in rotation by the first clearing drive device or if the second clearing shaft is coupled and set in rotation with a second clearing drive device, which is designed according to the first clearing drive device according to claim 2 or 3.
  • the second clearing device either has a separate clearing drive device, which can be designed in the same way as the first clearing drive device explained above.
  • the second clearing shaft can be coupled to the first clearing drive device and moved, in particular set in rotation, by the first clearing drive device, which causes a synchronous movement and a synchronous drive of the first and second clearing shaft.
  • the axial distance between two axially adjacent first comminuting elements is at least the same, at least twice as large, at least five times as large, or at least ten times as large as the ball passage of the slots.
  • the axial distance between two axially adjacent first comminution elements is at least twice as large, in particular at least five times as large, preferably at least ten times as large as the ball passage of the slots.
  • the axial distance between two adjacent comminuting elements in the axial direction is in a certain minimum size ratio to the ball passage of the slots in the first or the second sieve wall.
  • a ball passage is to be understood here as a dimension that describes the diameter of a circular ball that just barely fits through the slots in the screen wall, i.e. the maximum diameter of a ball that can pass through a slot in the screen wall.
  • the ratio defined in this way ensures, on the one hand, that solids above a certain size cannot pass through the interior space from the inlet to the outlet opening, neither through the screen wall nor through the shredding shafts.
  • the distance between two shredding elements is understood as the axial dimension of the free space in relation to the axis of rotation of the shredding shaft between the one shredding element and the other shredding element, so for example in the case of disc-shaped shredding elements with teeth on the circumference the axial distance between the facing end faces of two axially adjacent disc-shaped cutting elements of a shredding shaft. It should be understood that, during operation, a cutting element of the second shredding shaft engages in the intermediate space formed in this way, which is formed by the axial distance, of two shredding elements of the first shredding shaft and thereby narrows the passage cross section.
  • the free spaces between the cutting elements in the outer areas, in which the first and second cutting elements do not mesh with one another can also be partially or completely filled by fixed elements that are attached to the housing of the shredding device then comb the cutting elements accordingly in order to prevent the passage of solids above a certain size or in total in this outer area.
  • first and second shredding shafts are driven in opposite directions of rotation and that the first and second shredding axes preferably run parallel to and spaced from one another.
  • the two shredding shafts extend parallel to each other, so that the axes of rotation of the two shredding shafts are everywhere at the same distance from each other. This structure can in particular bring about a good and homogeneous shredding performance along the entire length of the shredding shafts.
  • the clearing elements comprise a plurality of curved clearing fingers.
  • the clearing elements are formed by clearing fingers, which are understood to be rod-shaped or wall-shaped elements which extend radially outward from the reamer shaft.
  • the clearing fingers are curved in this case, that is to say, starting from the clearing shaft, they can have a radial and a tangential, possibly also an axial directional component with respect to their direction of extension.
  • the curvature results in a change in the direction of extension over the length of the clearing fingers, which is advantageous for efficient clearing of solids in order to achieve a driving effect, on the other hand, it can prevent the clearing elements from being subjected to too high a load, for example from a stuck solid break in a slot in a sieve wall, because a curved course makes it easier for the clearing elements to give way.
  • the curvature of the clearing fingers forms a convex front side and a rear side of each clearing finger, the front side running ahead of the rear side in relation to the direction of movement of the clearing elements. It is particularly preferred if the curvature of the clearing fingers forms a concave rear side of each clearing finger.
  • the clearing elements have a curvature directed backwards in relation to the direction of movement, so that solids that are in the slots are pressed radially outward by the clearing fingers and the clearing fingers close due to a contact in the event of a deformation acting in the tangential direction the solids can yield radially inwards during movement.
  • this can effect an effective clearing of the slots, in that the clearing fingers could also exert a shearing action with a comminuting action.
  • the curvature of the clearing fingers makes it easier for the clearing fingers to evade solids that are stuck in the slots and thereby avoid damage to the clearing fingers through breakage or plastic deformation, as the clearing elements first touch a possibly stuck solid element with the convex side and then move away elastically from it can deform.
  • a reverse curvature is preferred, in which the clearing fingers consequently form a concave front side and a convex rear side.
  • first clearing elements are designed for a rotational movement about a first clearing axis. Such a rotational movement is preferred for the way in which the clearing shaft is driven and can bring about an efficient clearing of the slots by the clearing elements in that the clearing elements move on a circular path around the axis of rotation of the clearing shaft.
  • the first sieve wall has a curved sieve wall surface which preferably represents a cylindrical surface around the first clearing axis at least in a sieve wall section.
  • the design of the first sieve wall with a curved sieve wall surface promotes the sliding of solids along the sieve wall and consequently prevents the accumulation of solids, as would occur, for example, with a flat sieve wall surface.
  • the curvature of the sieve wall surface can be designed in such a way that the inlet opening of the sieve wall facing the inlet opening is convexly curved, so that solids are prevented from being deposited and collected on the sieve wall due to the possibility of solids sliding along the convexly curved surface.
  • the design with a convex screen wall surface allows the clearing elements to completely sweep through the slots when moving on a circular path and consequently to achieve a clearing effect at every point of the slot. This can be achieved in particular through a cylindrical geometry of the screen wall.
  • the first clearing elements comprise a plurality of first clearing rakes with a plurality of clearing elements, and that the clearing rakes are fastened around a clearing shaft base body extending along a clearing axis.
  • several clearing elements are combined in the form of a clearing rake, which consequently represents a component that can be replaced if damaged and can be manufactured in such a way that the spacing of the clearing elements matches the spacing of the slots and consequently a high level of precision Movement of the clearing elements relative to the slots is achieved.
  • a clearing rake a fork-shaped or rake-shaped design is preferred in which the clearing elements extend from a web connecting the clearing elements on a base.
  • At least two of the clearing rakes are attached to the clearing shaft base body in such a way that the clearing elements of one clearing rake extend at an angle around the clearing axis to the clearing rakes of the second clearing rake.
  • two or more clearing rakes are provided and attached to a clearing shaft, these clearing rakes being at an angle to one another.
  • This embodiment is particularly preferred because this means that the clearing elements do not cross all the slots at the same time and consequently avoid a high torque occurring in one angle of rotation of the clearing shaft if all clearing elements would cross the slots simultaneously, but rather the clearing elements of the different ones Rake through the slots at an angular offset and therefore through contact with solids in the Spread the torque occurring over a larger angle of rotation and reduce it overall.
  • the clearing elements are attached to a clearing shaft body and at least two clearing elements, preferably one third or half of the clearing elements, in particular all clearing elements, extend from the clearing shaft body at a different angle.
  • either all clearing elements are arranged at a different angle to one another, so that no two clearing elements run parallel to one another in relation to the angle of extension around the clearing axis.
  • FIG. 1 shows a housing interior 10 of a comminuting device according to the invention.
  • the shredding device has a first shredding shaft 11 and a second shredding shaft 12 rotatably mounted within a housing 1 in the housing interior 10.
  • the first shredding shaft 11 and the second shredding shaft 12 have a plurality of shredding cutting elements 110, 120 which are formed on knife disks 111, 112 and axially spaced along a first and a second shredding axis, respectively.
  • Both the first shredding shaft 11 and the second shredding shaft 12 consist of several cutter disks 111, 112.
  • the interior of the housing has a shredding chamber which comprises an inlet and an outlet opening through which solids or liquids laden with solids can be fed to the shredding chamber or . can be deducted from it.
  • the shredding shafts 11, 12 extend into the shredding space.
  • the two shredding shafts 11, 12 rotate at different speeds, so that with each revolution other shredding cutting elements 110, 120 of adjacent cutter disks 111, 112 of the two shredding shafts 11, 12 come into engagement and a shear effect is achieved between the shredding cutting elements.
  • a gear is arranged in a gear space, which consists of two gear wheels with different numbers of teeth, which are directly attached to the shredding shafts 11, 12 in a torque-proof manner and mesh with one another.
  • a gear space which consists of two gear wheels with different numbers of teeth, which are directly attached to the shredding shafts 11, 12 in a torque-proof manner and mesh with one another.
  • an opposing rotational movement of the two shredding shafts 11, 12 is generated, which with different Running speed.
  • One of the two shredding shafts 11 or 12 is led out of the shredding chamber and can be set in rotation by means of a drive motor. This rotation is transmitted to the other shredding shaft 11, 12 through the transmission.
  • the first shredding shaft 11 rotates about a first shredding axis
  • the second shredding shaft 12 rotates in an opposite direction of rotation about a second shredding axis.
  • the first shredding axis and the second shredding axis run parallel and at a distance from one another
  • each knife disk 111, 112, 8 comminution cutting elements 110, 120 are formed in each case, evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the shredding cutting elements 110, 120 form helical lines of a thread with a steep pitch along the circumference of each shredding shaft 11, 12.
  • the shredding cutting elements of one shredding shaft form a left-hand thread
  • the shredding cutting elements of the other shredding shaft form a right-hand thread.
  • a first screening device 30 is arranged adjacent to the first shredding shaft 11.
  • the first sieve device 30 comprises a first sieve wall 31 which has a curved surface and a plurality of slots 32.
  • a second screening device 40 is arranged adjacent to the second shredding shaft 12.
  • the second screen device 40 comprises a second screen wall 41 which has a curved surface and a plurality of slots 42.
  • the curvature of the first and second screen walls 31, 41 form a concave and a convex side.
  • the convex side is formed on the inlet side and the concave side on the outlet side.
  • FIG. 2 shows a housing interior 10 of a comminuting device according to the invention with screened out sieve devices 30, 40.
  • a first clearing device 50 Adjacent to the first comminuting shaft 11, a first clearing device 50 is formed.
  • the first clearing device 50 comprises three clearing rakes 51 ac, which are fastened to a first clearing shaft base body 53.
  • Each clearing rake comprises a plurality of curved clearing elements 52 in the form of curved clearing fingers.
  • a second clearing device 60 is formed adjacent to the second shredding shaft 12.
  • the second clearing device 60 comprises three clearing rakes 61a-c which are fastened to a second clearing shaft base body 63.
  • a clearing rake comprises a plurality of curved clearing elements 52 in the form of curved clearing fingers.
  • the broaching shaft body of the first Reamer 50 is coupled to a reamer drive device to set the first reamer shaft in rotation.
  • the broaching shaft main body of the second broaching device 60 is
  • the curvature of the clearing elements 52, 62 form a convex front and a concave rear.
  • the convex front runs forward in relation to the direction of movement of the clearing elements 52, 62 of the rear.
  • the clearing elements 52, 62 are designed for a rotational movement about a respective clearing axis.
  • the broaching rakes 51 ac, 61 ac are attached to the broaching shaft base body extending along a broaching axis.
  • the clearing rakes 51 ac of the first clearing device 50 are attached to the clearing shaft base body in such a way that the clearing elements 52 of the first clearing rake 51a are at an angle of 120 ° to the clearing elements of the second clearing rake 51b and at an angle of 120 ° to the clearing elements of the third clearing rake 51c stretch.
  • the clearing rakes 61 of the second clearing device 60 are attached to the respective clearing shaft base body in such a way that the clearing elements 62 of the first clearing rake 61a extend at an angle to the clearing elements of the second clearing rake 61b or at an angle to the clearing elements of the third clearing rake 61c.
  • the clearing rakes of the clearing elements 52, 62 therefore extend at angles different from one another from the respective clearing shaft base body.
  • Figure 3 shows a housing interior 10 of a comminution device according to the invention with a first sieve device 30 and a second sieve device 40 as well as a first clearing device 50 and a second clearing device 60.
  • the sieving devices 30, 40 each with a sieve wall 31, 41 have a plurality of slots 32, 42.
  • the first and second shredding shafts 11, 12 are formed between the first screening device 30 and the second screening device 40.
  • the first clearing device 50 comprises three clearing rakes 51 ac with a plurality of clearing elements 52, which, starting from a first clearing shaft arranged on a downstream side of the first screen wall 31, extend through the plurality of slots 32.
  • the second clearing device comprises three clearing rakes 61 ac with a plurality of clearing elements 62, which, starting from a second clearing shaft arranged on a downstream side of the second screen wall 41, extend through the plurality of slots 42.
  • the curved clearing elements or clearing fingers 52, 62 run through the respective slots 32, 42 of the respective sieving device 30, 40.
  • the clearing fingers 52, 62 exit the respective sieving device 30, 40 from the inside to the outside, foreign matter on the outside of the screening device 30, 40 is actively conveyed in the direction of the first shredding shaft 11 and the second shredding shaft 12.
  • the width of the clearing fingers 52, 62 is adapted to the width of the slot and ensures continuous cleaning of the slots 32, 42 of the sieve device 30, 40 from the inside to the outside.
  • the sieve device 30, 40 is freely accessible on the outlet side.
  • the clearing fingers 52, 62 are designed in such a way that they run through the slots 32, 42 without contact.
  • Figure 4a shows a side view of the Figure 3 .
  • Figure 4b shows one along line A in Figure 4a sectional top view of the comminuting device according to the invention.
  • the plan view shows a first shredding shaft 11 and a second shredding shaft 12, a first sieving device 30 and a second sieving device 40 and a first clearing device 50 and a second clearing device 60.
  • the figure shows two cutter disks 111, 112 of the construction according to the invention.
  • both cutter disks 111, 112 have an axial longitudinal bore 121, 122, which is used to be able to slide the cutter disks 111, 112 onto the respective shredding shaft 11, 12.
  • Each cutter disk 111, 112 has a total of eight comminuting cutting elements 110, 120 in the form of cutting teeth, evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the first screening device 30 is formed with a first screen wall 31, which has a curved surface.
  • the second sieve device 40 is formed with a second sieve wall 41, which has a curved surface.
  • the curvature of the first screen wall 31 and the curvature of the second screen wall 41 are designed as a mirror image of a center plane B.
  • a clearing device 50, 60 is formed in each case behind the sieve devices 30, 40 in the flow direction C.
  • the clearing devices 50, 60 each have an axial longitudinal bore 123, 124, which serves to be able to push the respective clearing device 50, 60 onto the respective clearing shaft.
  • each clearing device 50, 60 has a total of three clearing rakes 52 ac, 62 ac.
  • the configuration of the curvature of the clearing rake of the first clearing device 50 in the opposite direction to the curvature of the clearing rake of the second clearing device 60 ensures that foreign substances are withdrawn in the direction of the first shredding shaft 11 and the second shredding shaft 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung für feststoffführende Flüssigkeiten, umfassend ein Gehäuse mit einer Einlassöffnung, einer Auslassöffnung und einem sich von der Einlassöffnung zur Auslassöffnung erstreckenden Gehäuseinnenraum, eine erste sich durch den Gehäuseinnenraum erstreckende Zerkleinerungswelle, die zur Rotation um eine erste Zerkleinerungsachse angeordnet ist und an der eine Vielzahl von entlang der ersten Zerkleinerungsachse axial beabstandeten ersten Zerkleinerungsschneidelementen befestigt ist, eine zweite sich durch den Gehäuseinnenraum erstreckende Zerkleinerungswelle, die zur Rotation um eine zweite Zerkleinerungsachse angeordnet ist und an der eine Vielzahl von entlang der zweiten Zerkleinerungsachse axial beabstandeten zweiten Zerkleinerungsschneidelementen befestigt ist, eine Antriebsvorrichtung zum Antreiben der ersten und zweiten Zerkleinerungswelle in eine Rotationsbewegung,The invention relates to a comminution device for solid-carrying liquids, comprising a housing with an inlet opening, an outlet opening and a housing interior extending from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, a first shredding shaft extending through the housing interior, which is arranged for rotation about a first shredding axis and on which a plurality of first shredding cutting elements axially spaced along the first shredding axis is attached, a second shredding shaft extending through the housing interior, which is arranged for rotation about a second shredding axis and to which a plurality of second shredding cutting elements axially spaced along the second shredding axis is attached, a Drive device for driving the first and second shredding shaft in a rotational movement,

Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen der vorgenannten Bauart werden dazu eingesetzt, um feststoffbelastete Flüssigkeiten solcherart zu behandeln, dass die Feststoffe zerkleinert werden und nach Austritt aus der Auslassöffnung der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung die in der Flüssigkeit enthaltenen Feststoffe eine Maximalgröße nicht mehr überschreiten. Die Zerkleinerung der Feststoffe erfolgt hierbei typischerweise durch Scher- und Reißkräfte, die auf die Feststoffe einwirken, wenn sie zwischen dem Zerkleinerungsschneidelementen durchtreten.Comminution devices of the aforementioned type are used to treat liquids contaminated with solids in such a way that the solids are comminuted and after exiting the outlet opening of the comminution device, the solids contained in the liquid no longer exceed a maximum size. The comminution of the solids is typically carried out by shear and tearing forces that act on the solids when they pass between the comminution cutting elements.

Die Zerkleinerungseffizienz solcher Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen hängt maßgeblich davon ab, dass Spalten und Freiräume, die sich für den Durchtritt der Flüssigkeit ergeben, solcherart minimiert werden, dass Feststoffe oberhalb einer gewissen Größe nicht von der Einlass- zur Auslassöffnung gelangen können, ohne dass eine Zerkleinerungswirkung auf diese Feststoffe ausgeübt wird. Diese Vorgabe hat zur Folge, dass gerade dann, wenn ein hoher Grad an Feinheit und eine kleine Größe der aus der Auslassöffnung austretenden Feststoffe angestrebt wird, der für den Flüssigkeitsstrom durch die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung verbleibende Querschnitt klein ist und daher die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung einen hohen Strömungswiderstand darstellt. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen werden jedoch in vielen Anwendungsfällen genau dafür eingesetzt, im Strömungszulauf zu einer Pumpe eingebaut zu werden, um hierdurch die Beschädigung der Pumpe durch Feststoffe oberhalb einer bestimmten Größe zuverlässig zu verhindern. Sowohl bei selbstansaugenden Pumpen als auch bei nicht selbstansaugenden Pumpen ist ein erhöhter Strömungswiderstand im Zulauf nachteilig für die Pumpwirkung und daher wird angestrebt, die Strömung im Zulauf zur Pumpe möglichst widerstandsfrei auszuführen.The comminution efficiency of such comminution devices depends largely on the fact that gaps and free spaces that result for the liquid to pass through are minimized in such a way that solids above a certain size cannot get from the inlet to the outlet opening without a comminuting effect on these solids is exercised. The consequence of this requirement is that precisely when a high degree of fineness and a small size of the solids emerging from the outlet opening is sought, the cross section remaining for the liquid flow through the comminution device is small and therefore the comminution device represents a high flow resistance. In many applications, however, comminution devices are used precisely to be installed in the flow inlet to a pump in order to reliably prevent the pump from being damaged by solids above a certain size. Both with self-priming pumps and with pumps that are not self-priming, an increased flow resistance in the inlet is disadvantageous for the pumping effect and therefore the aim is to make the flow in the inlet to the pump as free of resistance as possible.

Es ist grundsätzlich bekannt, das Problem des Strömungswiderstands solcher Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen zu lösen, indem der Abstand zwischen den beiden Zerkleinerungswellen erhöht wird, die Länge der Zerkleinerungswellen erhöht wird und die Größe der Zerkleinerungsschneidelemente oder der Durchmesser von als Scheibe mit umfänglich angeordneten Schneidezähnen ausgeführten Zerkleinerungsschneidelementen zu erhöhen. Diese Maßnahmen können zwar das Problem eines erhöhten Strömungswiderstands lösen, führen aber zu Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen, die viel Bauraum einnehmen, schwer sind und in der Herstellung zusätzliche Kosten verursachen.It is basically known to solve the problem of the flow resistance of such comminution devices by increasing the distance between the two comminuting shafts, increasing the length of the comminuting shafts and increasing the size of the comminuting cutting elements or the diameter of the comminuting cutting elements designed as a disc with circumferentially arranged cutting teeth. Although these measures can solve the problem of increased flow resistance, they lead to shredding devices that take up a lot of installation space, are heavy and cause additional costs to manufacture.

Aus US 5,833,152 ist eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung bekannt, welche zwei Zerkleinerungswellen aufweist. Benachbart zu den Zerkleinerungswellen ist eine Siebvorrichtung mit Schlitzen angeordnet, welche mittels Räumelementen durchkämmt werden. Eine diesem Stand der Technik weitestgehend entsprechende Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ist auch aus KR 101 636 540 B1 vorbekannt.Out U.S. 5,833,152 a shredding device is known which has two shredding shafts. A screening device with slots is arranged adjacent to the shredding shafts, which are combed through by means of clearing elements. A comminuting device that largely corresponds to this prior art is also off KR 101 636 540 B1 previously known.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, unter Vermeidung solcher Nachteile eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung bereitzustellen, die sowohl bei Flüssigkeitsströmen mit geringem Feststoffanteil und hohem Volumendurchsatz als auch bei Flüssigkeitsströmen mit hohem Feststoffanteil eine zuverlässige Zerkleinerung mit einem reduzierten Strömungswiderstand erzielt.The invention is based on the object of providing a comminution device while avoiding such disadvantages, which achieves reliable comminution with reduced flow resistance both in liquid flows with a low solid content and high volume throughput and in liquid flows with a high solid content.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Es wird eine Siebvorrichtung bereitgestellt, die eine Siebwand aufweist. Durch diese Siebwand kann die feststoffführende Flüssigkeit von der Einlassöffnung zu der Auslassöffnung strömen, wobei aufgrund des Siebeffekts verhindert wird, dass Feststoffe oberhalb einer bestimmten Größe, nämlich oberhalb der Siebmaschenweite bzw. Schlitzbreite, die Siebwand passieren können. Durch die Siebwand wird daher eine Reduzierung des Strömungswiderstands durch die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung erzielt, indem zusätzliche Strömungswege für die Flüssigkeit bereitgestellt werden. Dabei wird vermieden, dass auf diesen Strömungswegen Feststoffe oberhalb einer bestimmten Größe durch die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung strömen können.This object is achieved according to the invention with a comminuting device according to claim 1. A sieve device is provided which has a sieve wall. The solids-carrying liquid can flow through this sieve wall from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, the sieve effect preventing solids above a certain size, namely above the sieve mesh size or slot width, from being able to pass the sieve wall. The screen wall therefore reduces the flow resistance through the comminution device by providing additional flow paths for the liquid. This prevents solids above a certain size from flowing through the comminution device on these flow paths.

Um die Siebwand mit den darin enthaltenen Schlitzen durchlässig zu halten ist weiterhin eine Räumvorrichtung vorgesehen. Die Räumvorrichtung umfasst eine Mehrzahl von beweglichen Räumelementen, die relativ beweglich zu der Siebwand sind. Die Räumelemente erstrecken sich auf zumindest einem Abschnitt ihres Bewegungsweges durch die Schlitze der Siebwand und können hierdurch Feststoffe, welche die Schlitze teilweise oder vollständig verstopfen, räumen und die Schlitze dadurch freihalten.In order to keep the sieve wall with the slots contained therein permeable, a clearing device is also provided. The clearing device comprises a plurality of movable clearing elements which are movable relative to the screen wall. The clearing elements extend on at least a section of their movement path through the slots in the sieve wall and can thereby clear solids which partially or completely clog the slots and thereby keep the slots free.

Grundsätzlich kann die Räumvorrichtung aktiv oder passiv angetrieben, beispielsweise kann die Bewegung der Räumelemente durch die Strömungswirkung der Flüssigkeit durch die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung bewirkt werden, wobei dies gegebenenfalls durch entsprechende Strömungsleitelemente, die mit der Räumvorrichtung gekoppelt sind, erzielt wird. Weiterhin kann die Räumvorrichtung mit der ersten und/oder der zweiten Zerkleinerungswelle gekoppelt sein und durch die Kopplung angetrieben werden, was eine synchrone Bewegung der Räumelemente mit den Zerkleinerungsschneidelementen bewirkt.In principle, the clearing device can be driven actively or passively, for example the movement of the clearing elements can be brought about by the flow effect of the liquid through the comminuting device, this being achieved if necessary by corresponding flow guide elements that are coupled to the clearing device. Furthermore, the clearing device can be coupled to the first and / or the second shredding shaft and driven by the coupling, which brings about a synchronous movement of the clearing elements with the shredding cutting elements.

Gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung fortgebildet werden durch eine Räumantriebsvorrichtung, die mit der ersten Räumwelle gekoppelt ist und die erste Räumwelle in Rotation versetzt. Gemäß dieser Fortbildung ist eine Räumantriebsvorrichtung vorgesehen, wie beispielsweise ein Elektromotor, ein hydraulischer Motor oder dergleichen, mit dem die Räumwelle, an der die Räumelemente befestigt sind, in Rotation versetzt wird, sodass die Räumelemente eine Kreisbahn als Bewegungspfad beschreiben und sich diese Kreisbahn zumindest abschnittsweise durch die Schlitze erstreckt. Es ist zu verstehen, dass jedes Räumelement grundsätzlich einem eigenen Bewegungspfad folgt, beispielsweise jedes Räumelement einem Schlitz in der Siebwand zugeordnet ist und diesen räumt oder aber, dass mehrere solcher Räumelemente zur Räumung von einem Schlitz vorgesehen sind und diesen aufeinanderfolgend auf einem übereinstimmenden oder abweichenden Bewegungspfad durchkämmen.According to a first preferred embodiment, the shredding device can be developed by a clearing drive device which is coupled to the first clearing shaft and sets the first clearing shaft in rotation. According to this development, a clearing drive device is provided, such as an electric motor, a hydraulic motor or the like, with which the clearing shaft on which the clearing elements are attached is set in rotation so that the clearing elements describe a circular path as a movement path and this circular path at least partially extends through the slots. It should be understood that each clearing element basically follows its own path of movement, for example each clearing element a slot in the Sieve wall is assigned and clears it or that several such clearing elements are provided for clearing a slot and comb through this successively on a matching or different movement path.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Räumantriebsvorrichtung hydrodynamisch wirkende Fluidleitelemente, die im Innenraum angeordnet sind und von dem durch den Innenraum hindurch strömenden Flüssigkeitsstrom angeströmt werden, oder einen elektrisch, pneumatisch oder hydraulisch angetriebenen Motor umfasst. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform wird die Räumantriebsvorrichtung durch Fluidleitelemente wie Leitschaufeln ausgebildet, die durch den Flüssigkeitsstrom durch den Innenraum angeströmt worden und in Bewegung versetzt, wodurch die Rotation der ersten Räumwelle bewirkt wird. Alternativ kann ein Motor vorgesehen sein, der eine unabhängig von der Durchströmung des Innenraums bewirkte Bewegung der Räumelemente erzeugt. Dieser Motor kann insbesondere außerhalb des Innenraums angeordnet sein, um hierdurch eine Belastung des Motors mit Flüssigkeit zu vermeiden.According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the clearing drive device comprises hydrodynamically acting fluid guide elements, which are arranged in the interior and are exposed to the flow of liquid flowing through the interior, or an electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically driven motor. According to this embodiment, the clearing drive device is formed by fluid guiding elements such as guide vanes, which have flowed against them and set in motion by the liquid flow through the interior, causing the rotation of the first clearing shaft. Alternatively, a motor can be provided which generates a movement of the clearing elements which is effected independently of the flow through the interior. This motor can in particular be arranged outside the interior space in order to prevent the motor from being loaded with liquid.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die erste und zweite Zerkleinerungswelle zwischen der ersten Siebvorrichtung und einer zweiten Siebvorrichtung mit einer zweiten Siebwand, die eine Mehrzahl von Schlitzen aufweist, und einer zweiten Räumvorrichtung mit einer Mehrzahl von Räumelementen, die sich ausgehend von einer auf einer Seite der zweiten Siebwand angeordneten zweiten Räumwelle durch die Mehrzahl von Schlitzen hindurch erstrecken, angeordnet sind. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform sind insgesamt zwei Siebvorrichtungen vorgesehen, die vorzugsweise baugleich und spiegelsymmetrisch zu einer Ebene sind, die sich mittig zwischen den beiden Zerkleinerungswellen in Durchströmungsrichtung und parallel zu den Zerkleinerungswellen durch den Innenraum erstreckt. Alternativ kann die zweite Siebvorrichtung jedoch auch mit anderer Geometrie, anderer Anordnung oder anderer Räumvorrichtung als die erste Siebvorrichtung ausgeführt sein. Bei dieser Ausführungsform mit zwei Siebvorrichtungen sind die erste und zweite Zerkleinerungswelle zwischen den beiden Siebvorrichtungen angeordnet, sodass die durch den Innenraum strömende Flüssigkeit insgesamt drei generelle Flüssigkeitsströmungspfade durch den Innenraum nehmen kann, ein Flüssigkeitspfad geht durch die erste Siebvorrichtung, ein Flüssigkeitspfad durch die zweite Siebvorrichtung und ein Flüssigkeitspfad geht durch den Bereich der beiden Zerkleinerungswellen. Der Vorteil dieser beiden Anordnungen liegt darin, dass ein insgesamt homogenes Strömungsbild am Auslass erzielt wird, dass weiterhin von beiden Seiten ausgehend Feststoffe durch die erste und zweite Räumvorrichtung in Richtung der Zerkleinerungswellen gefördert werden können, wenn die Schlitze in der ersten und zweiten Siebvorrichtung geräumt werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist es insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn die Bewegung der Räumelemente von außen nach innen, also auf die Zerkleinerungswellen gerichtet in demjenigen Abschnitt verläuft, in dem die Räumelemente sich durch die Schlitze in der ersten oder zweiten Siebwand erstrecken.According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the first and second shredding shafts between the first sieve device and a second sieve device with a second sieve wall, which has a plurality of slots, and a second clearing device with a plurality of clearing elements, which extend from one to extending through the plurality of slots through the second clearing shaft arranged on one side of the second screen wall. According to this embodiment, a total of two screening devices are provided, which are preferably structurally identical and mirror-symmetrical to a plane that extends centrally between the two shredding shafts in the flow direction and parallel to the shredding shafts through the interior. Alternatively, however, the second screening device can also be designed with a different geometry, different arrangement or different clearing device than the first screening device. In this embodiment with two sieve devices, the first and second shredding shafts are arranged between the two sieve devices, so that the liquid flowing through the interior space can take a total of three general liquid flow paths through the interior space, one liquid path goes through the first sieve device, a liquid path goes through the second sieve device and a liquid path goes through the area of the two shredding shafts. The advantage of these two arrangements is that an overall homogeneous flow pattern is achieved at the outlet, that solids can continue to be conveyed from both sides through the first and second clearing device in the direction of the shredding shafts when the slots in the first and second screening device to be cleared. For this purpose, it is particularly advantageous if the movement of the clearing elements from the outside inward, ie directed towards the shredding shafts, runs in that section in which the clearing elements extend through the slots in the first or second screen wall.

Dabei ist es weiterhin bevorzugt vorgesehen, wenn die zweite Räumwelle durch die erste Räumantriebsvorrichtung in Rotation versetzt wird oder wenn die zweite Räumwelle mit einer zweiten Räumantriebsvorrichtung, die entsprechend der ersten Räumantriebsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3 ausgebildet ist, gekoppelt ist und in Rotation versetzt wird. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform weist die zweite Räumvorrichtung entweder eine separate Räumantriebsvorrichtung auf, die ebenso ausgeführt sein kann wie die zuvor erläuterte erste Räumantriebsvorrichtung. Alternativ kann die zweite Räumwelle mit der ersten Räumantriebsvorrichtung gekoppelt sein und durch die erste Räumantriebsvorrichtung bewegt werden, insbesondere in Rotation versetzt werden, was eine synchrone Bewegung und einen synchronen Antrieb der ersten und zweiten Räumwelle bewirkt.It is also preferably provided if the second clearing shaft is set in rotation by the first clearing drive device or if the second clearing shaft is coupled and set in rotation with a second clearing drive device, which is designed according to the first clearing drive device according to claim 2 or 3. According to this embodiment, the second clearing device either has a separate clearing drive device, which can be designed in the same way as the first clearing drive device explained above. Alternatively, the second clearing shaft can be coupled to the first clearing drive device and moved, in particular set in rotation, by the first clearing drive device, which causes a synchronous movement and a synchronous drive of the first and second clearing shaft.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der axiale Abstand zwischen zwei axial benachbarten ersten Zerkleinerungselementen mindestens gleich groß, mindestens doppelt so groß, mindestens fünfmal so groß, oder mindestens zehnmal so groß ist wie der Kugeldurchgang der Schlitze. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform steht der axiale Abstand zwischen zwei axial benachbarten ersten Zerkleinerungselementen mindestens doppelt so groß, insbesondere mindestens fünfmal so groß, vorzugsweise mindestens zehnmal so groß ist wie der Kugeldurchgang der Schlitze. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform steht der axiale Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Zerkleinerungselementen in axialer Richtung in einem bestimmten Mindestgrößenverhältnis zu dem Kugeldurchgang der Schlitze in der ersten oder der zweiten Siebwand. Als Kugeldurchgang ist hierbei ein Maß zu verstehen, dass den Durchmesser einer kreisrunden Kugel beschreibt, die gerade noch durch die Schlitze der Siebwand hindurch passt, also der maximale Durchmesser einer Kugel, welche durch einen Schlitz in der Siebwand hindurchtreten kann. Durch das so definierte Verhältnis wird einerseits sichergestellt, dass Feststoffe oberhalb einer bestimmten Größe weder durch die Siebwand noch durch die Zerkleinerungswellen hindurch den Innenraum von der Einlass- zur Auslassöffnung passieren können. Dabei ist zu verstehen, dass der Abstand zwischen zwei Zerkleinerungselementen als das axiale Maß des Freiraums in Bezug auf die Drehachse der Zerkleinerungswelle zwischen dem einen Zerkleinerungselement und dem anderen Zerkleinerungselement verstanden wird, also beispielsweise bei scheibenförmigen Zerkleinerungselementen mit Zähnen auf dem Umfang der axiale Abstand zwischen den einander zuweisenden Stirnflächen von zwei axial benachbarten scheibenförmigen Schneidelementen einer Zerkleinerungswelle. Es ist zu verstehen, dass im Betrieb ein Schneidelement der zweiten Zerkleinerungswelle in den solcher Art ausgebildeten Zwischenraum, der durch den axialen Abstand gebildet wird, von zwei Zerkleinerungselementen der ersten Zerkleinerungswelle hineingreift und hierdurch den Durchtrittsquerschnitt verengt. Dies bewirkt, dass in demjenigen Bereich, in dem die Schneidelemente der ersten und zweiten Zerkleinerungswelle miteinander kämmen, nur Feststoffe mit einer sehr kleinen Abmessung hindurchtreten können. In den hierzu außen liegenden Bereichen, in denen die Schneidelemente nicht ineinander kämmen, wird hingegen ein größerer Querschnitt für einen Feststoffdurchtritt bereitgestellt. Grundsätzlich können die Schneidelemente eine Bewegung ausführen, die entgegen der Strömungsrichtung der Feststoffe in diesem außenliegenden Bereich gerichtet ist, also beispielsweise solcher Art, dass die erste und zweite Zerkleinerungswelle einer einander entgegengesetzte Rotation ausführen, die in dem innenliegenden Umfangsbereich, in dem die Schneidelemente miteinander kämmen, in Strömungsrichtung der Flüssigkeit von der Einlass- zu der Auslassöffnung gerichtet ist.According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the axial distance between two axially adjacent first comminuting elements is at least the same, at least twice as large, at least five times as large, or at least ten times as large as the ball passage of the slots. According to this embodiment, the axial distance between two axially adjacent first comminution elements is at least twice as large, in particular at least five times as large, preferably at least ten times as large as the ball passage of the slots. According to this embodiment, the axial distance between two adjacent comminuting elements in the axial direction is in a certain minimum size ratio to the ball passage of the slots in the first or the second sieve wall. A ball passage is to be understood here as a dimension that describes the diameter of a circular ball that just barely fits through the slots in the screen wall, i.e. the maximum diameter of a ball that can pass through a slot in the screen wall. The ratio defined in this way ensures, on the one hand, that solids above a certain size cannot pass through the interior space from the inlet to the outlet opening, neither through the screen wall nor through the shredding shafts. It should be understood that the distance between two shredding elements is understood as the axial dimension of the free space in relation to the axis of rotation of the shredding shaft between the one shredding element and the other shredding element, so for example in the case of disc-shaped shredding elements with teeth on the circumference the axial distance between the facing end faces of two axially adjacent disc-shaped cutting elements of a shredding shaft. It should be understood that, during operation, a cutting element of the second shredding shaft engages in the intermediate space formed in this way, which is formed by the axial distance, of two shredding elements of the first shredding shaft and thereby narrows the passage cross section. This has the effect that in the area in which the cutting elements of the first and second shredding shafts mesh with one another, only solids with a very small dimension can pass through. In contrast, in the areas on the outside of this, in which the cutting elements do not mesh with one another, a larger cross section is provided for the passage of solids. In principle, the cutting elements can execute a movement which is directed against the direction of flow of the solids in this outer area, for example in such a way that the first and second shredding shafts execute opposite rotations in the inner circumferential area in which the cutting elements mesh with one another , is directed in the flow direction of the liquid from the inlet to the outlet opening.

Dabei ist grundsätzlich zu verstehen, dass die Freiräume zwischen den Schneidelementen in den außenliegenden Bereichen, in denen die ersten und zweiten Schneidelemente nicht miteinander kämmen, auch durch feststehende Elemente, die am Gehäuse der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung befestigt sind, teilweise oder vollständig ausgefüllt werden können, mit denen die Schneidelemente dann entsprechend kämmen, um den Durchtritt von Feststoffen oberhalb einer bestimmten Größe oder insgesamt in diesem außen liegenden Bereich zu verhindern.It should be understood that the free spaces between the cutting elements in the outer areas, in which the first and second cutting elements do not mesh with one another, can also be partially or completely filled by fixed elements that are attached to the housing of the shredding device then comb the cutting elements accordingly in order to prevent the passage of solids above a certain size or in total in this outer area.

Noch weiter ist es bevorzugt, dass die erste und zweite Zerkleinerungswelle in einer einander entgegengesetzten Drehrichtung angetrieben sind und dass die erste und zweite Zerkleinerungsachse vorzugsweise parallel und beabstandet zueinander verlaufen. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform erstrecken sich die beiden Zerkleinerungswellen parallel zu einander, sodass die Drehachsen der beiden Zerkleinerungswellen überall im gleichen Abstand zueinander stehen. Dieser Aufbau kann insbesondere eine gute und homogene Zerkleinerungsleistung entlang der gesamten Länge der Zerkleinerungswellen bewirken.It is even further preferred that the first and second shredding shafts are driven in opposite directions of rotation and that the first and second shredding axes preferably run parallel to and spaced from one another. According to this embodiment, the two shredding shafts extend parallel to each other, so that the axes of rotation of the two shredding shafts are everywhere at the same distance from each other. This structure can in particular bring about a good and homogeneous shredding performance along the entire length of the shredding shafts.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Räumelemente eine Vielzahl von gekrümmten Räumfingern umfassen. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform werden die Räumelemente durch Räumfinger gebildet, worunter stab- oder wandförmige Elemente zu verstehen sind, die sich ausgehend von der Räumwelle nach radial auswärts erstrecken. Die Räumfinger sind hierbei gekrümmt, können also ausgehen von der Räumwelle eine radiale und eine tangentiale, ggf. auch eine axiale Richtungskomponente bezüglich ihrer Erstreckungsrichtung aufweisen. Insbesondere wird durch die Krümmung eine Änderung der Erstreckungsrichtung über die Länge der Räumfinger erreicht, was für eine effiziente Räumung von Feststoffen vorteilhaft ist, um eine Mitnehmerwirkung zu erzielen, andererseits verhindern kann, dass die Räumelemente unter einer zu hohen Belastung, beispielsweise durch einen festklemmenden Feststoff in einem Schlitz in einer Siebwand brechen, da aufgrund eines gekrümmten Verlaufs ein elastisches Ausweichen der Räumelemente besser ermöglicht wird.According to the invention it is provided that the clearing elements comprise a plurality of curved clearing fingers. According to this embodiment, the clearing elements are formed by clearing fingers, which are understood to be rod-shaped or wall-shaped elements which extend radially outward from the reamer shaft. The clearing fingers are curved in this case, that is to say, starting from the clearing shaft, they can have a radial and a tangential, possibly also an axial directional component with respect to their direction of extension. In particular, the curvature results in a change in the direction of extension over the length of the clearing fingers, which is advantageous for efficient clearing of solids in order to achieve a driving effect, on the other hand, it can prevent the clearing elements from being subjected to too high a load, for example from a stuck solid break in a slot in a sieve wall, because a curved course makes it easier for the clearing elements to give way.

Erfindungsgemäß ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass die Krümmung der Räumfinger eine konvexe Vorderseite und eine Rückseite jedes Räumfingers ausbildet, wobei die Vorderseite in Bezug auf die Bewegungsrichtung der Räumelemente der Rückseite vorläuft. Dabei ist es besonders bevorzugt, wenn die Krümmung der Räumfinger eine konkave Rückseite jedes Räumfingers ausbildet. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform weisen die Räumelemente eine in Bezug auf die Bewegungsrichtung nach hinten gerichtete Krümmung auf, so dass Feststoffe, die in den Schlitzen sind, durch die Räumfinger nach radial auswärts gedrückt werden und die Räumfinger bei einer in tangentialer Richtung wirkenden Verformung aufgrund eines Kontakts zu den Feststoffen während der Bewegung radial einwärts nachgeben können. Dies kann bei Anwendungen, in denen Feststoffe mit geringer Festigkeit in dem Flüssigkeitsstrom enthalten sind eine wirksame Räumung der Schlitze bewirken, indem die Räumfinger auch eine Scherwirkung mit Zerkleinerungswirkung ausüben könnten. Der Krümmungsverlauf der Räumfinger erleichtert es den Räumfingern, bei in den Schlitzen festsitzenden Feststoffen auszuweichen und hierdurch eine Beschädigung der Räumfinger durch Bruch oder plastische Verformung zu vermeiden, indem die Räumelemente ein etwaig festklemmendes Feststoffelement mit der konvexen Seite zuerst berühren und sich dann elastisch von diesem weg verformen können. In anderen Anwendungsfällen ist eine hierzu umgekehrte Krümmung bevorzugt, bei der die Räumfinger folglich eine konkave Vorderseite und eine konvexe Rückseite ausbilden.According to the invention it is further provided that the curvature of the clearing fingers forms a convex front side and a rear side of each clearing finger, the front side running ahead of the rear side in relation to the direction of movement of the clearing elements. It is particularly preferred if the curvature of the clearing fingers forms a concave rear side of each clearing finger. According to this embodiment, the clearing elements have a curvature directed backwards in relation to the direction of movement, so that solids that are in the slots are pressed radially outward by the clearing fingers and the clearing fingers close due to a contact in the event of a deformation acting in the tangential direction the solids can yield radially inwards during movement. In applications in which solids with low strength are contained in the liquid stream, this can effect an effective clearing of the slots, in that the clearing fingers could also exert a shearing action with a comminuting action. The curvature of the clearing fingers makes it easier for the clearing fingers to evade solids that are stuck in the slots and thereby avoid damage to the clearing fingers through breakage or plastic deformation, as the clearing elements first touch a possibly stuck solid element with the convex side and then move away elastically from it can deform. In other applications, a reverse curvature is preferred, in which the clearing fingers consequently form a concave front side and a convex rear side.

Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, wenn die ersten Räumelemente für eine Rotationsbewegung um eine erste Räumachse ausgebildet sind. Eine solche Rotationsbewegung ist für die Antriebsweise der Räumwelle bevorzugt und kann eine effiziente Räumung der Schlitze durch die Räumelemente bewirken, indem die Räumelemente sich auf einer Kreisbahn um die Drehachse der Räumwelle bewegen.It is also preferred if the first clearing elements are designed for a rotational movement about a first clearing axis. Such a rotational movement is preferred for the way in which the clearing shaft is driven and can bring about an efficient clearing of the slots by the clearing elements in that the clearing elements move on a circular path around the axis of rotation of the clearing shaft.

Noch weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn die erste Siebwand eine gekrümmte Siebwandoberfläche aufweist, die vorzugsweise zumindest in einem Siebwandabschnitt eine Zylinderfläche um die erste Räumachse darstellt. Durch die Ausgestaltung der ersten Siebwand mit einer gekrümmten Siebwandoberfläche wird einerseits ein Abgleiten von Feststoffen entlang der Siebwand begünstigt und folglich eine Auflagerung von Feststoffen, wie dies beispielsweise bei einer planen Siebwandoberfläche stattfinden würde, verhindert. Insbesondere kann die Krümmung der Siebwandoberfläche solcher Art gestaltet sein, dass die zur Einlassöffnung weisende Einlassöffnung der Siebwand konvex gekrümmt ist, so dass ein Auflagern und Sammeln von Feststoffen auf der Siebwand durch die Möglichkeit des Abgleitens von Feststoffen entlang der konvex gekrümmten Oberfläche vermieden wird. Insbesondere die Ausgestaltung mit einer konvexen Siebwandoberfläche erlaubt es, dass die Räumelemente die Schlitze bei Bewegung auf einer Kreisbahn vollständig durchstreichen und folglich an jeder Stelle des Schlitzes eine Räumwirkung erzielen. Dies kann insbesondere durch eine zylinderförmige Geometrie der Siebwand erreicht werden.It is even further preferred if the first sieve wall has a curved sieve wall surface which preferably represents a cylindrical surface around the first clearing axis at least in a sieve wall section. The design of the first sieve wall with a curved sieve wall surface, on the one hand, promotes the sliding of solids along the sieve wall and consequently prevents the accumulation of solids, as would occur, for example, with a flat sieve wall surface. In particular, the curvature of the sieve wall surface can be designed in such a way that the inlet opening of the sieve wall facing the inlet opening is convexly curved, so that solids are prevented from being deposited and collected on the sieve wall due to the possibility of solids sliding along the convexly curved surface. In particular, the design with a convex screen wall surface allows the clearing elements to completely sweep through the slots when moving on a circular path and consequently to achieve a clearing effect at every point of the slot. This can be achieved in particular through a cylindrical geometry of the screen wall.

Noch weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn die ersten Räumelemente eine Mehrzahl von ersten Räumrechen mit einer Mehrzahl von Räumelementen umfasst, und dass die Räumrechen um einen sich entlang einer Räumachse erstreckenden Räumwellengrundkörper befestigt sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsform sind jeweils mehrere Räumelemente in Form eines Räumrechens zusammengefasst, der folglich ein Bauteil darstellt, das bei Beschädigung ausgetauscht werden kann und fertigungstechnisch so hergestellt werden kann, dass die Beabstandung der Räumelemente zu der Beabstandung der Schlitze passt und folglich eine hohe Präzision in der Bewegung der Räumelemente relativ zu den Schlitzen erzielt wird. Als Räumrechen ist hierbei eine gabelförmige oder rechenförmige Ausgestaltung bevorzugt, bei der sich die Räumelemente von einem die Räumelemente an einer Basis verbindenden Steg aus erstrecken.It is even further preferred if the first clearing elements comprise a plurality of first clearing rakes with a plurality of clearing elements, and that the clearing rakes are fastened around a clearing shaft base body extending along a clearing axis. In this embodiment, several clearing elements are combined in the form of a clearing rake, which consequently represents a component that can be replaced if damaged and can be manufactured in such a way that the spacing of the clearing elements matches the spacing of the slots and consequently a high level of precision Movement of the clearing elements relative to the slots is achieved. As a clearing rake, a fork-shaped or rake-shaped design is preferred in which the clearing elements extend from a web connecting the clearing elements on a base.

Noch weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn zumindest zwei der Räumrechen solcherart an dem Räumwellengrundkörper befestigt sind, dass sich die Räumelemente des einen Räumrechens in einem Winkel um die Räumachse zu den Räumrechen des zweiten Räumrechens erstrecken. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung sind zwei oder mehr Räumrechen vorgesehen und an einer Räumwelle befestigt, wobei diese Räumrechen in einem Winkel zueinander stehen. Diese Ausgestaltung ist insbesondere bevorzugt, weil hierdurch nicht alle Schlitze gleichzeitig von den Räumelementen durchstrichen werden und folglich vermieden wird, dass in einem Drehwinkel der Räumwelle ein hohes Drehmoment auftritt, wenn dieses Durchstreichen der Schlitze durch alle Räumelemente simultan erfolgen würde, sondern die Räumelemente der unterschiedlichen Räumrechen die Schlitze in einem Winkelversatz durchstreichen und daher das durch einen Kontakt zu Feststoffen in den Schlitzen auftretende Drehmoment über einen größeren Drehwinkel verteilen und insgesamt reduzieren.It is even further preferred if at least two of the clearing rakes are attached to the clearing shaft base body in such a way that the clearing elements of one clearing rake extend at an angle around the clearing axis to the clearing rakes of the second clearing rake. In this embodiment, two or more clearing rakes are provided and attached to a clearing shaft, these clearing rakes being at an angle to one another. This embodiment is particularly preferred because this means that the clearing elements do not cross all the slots at the same time and consequently avoid a high torque occurring in one angle of rotation of the clearing shaft if all clearing elements would cross the slots simultaneously, but rather the clearing elements of the different ones Rake through the slots at an angular offset and therefore through contact with solids in the Spread the torque occurring over a larger angle of rotation and reduce it overall.

Dabei ist es noch weiter bevorzugt, wenn an dem Räumwellengrundkörper eine Anzahl von N Räumrechen befestigt sind und jeweils zwei der Räumrechen in einem Winkel von 360°/N zueinander abgewinkelt ausgerichtet sind. Durch diese Aufteilung sind die Räumrechen hinsichtlich ihres Winkelabstands gleichmäßig über den gesamten Umfang der Räumwelle verteilt und die durch den Kontakt von Räumelementen mit Feststoffen auftretenden Drehmomente sind hierdurch maßgeblich reduziert und über den gesamten Drehwinkel der Räumwelle verteilt.It is even more preferred if a number of N clearing rakes are attached to the clearing shaft main body and two of the clearing rakes are aligned at an angle of 360 ° / N to one another. Due to this division, the clearing rakes are evenly distributed in terms of their angular spacing over the entire circumference of the clearing shaft and the torques occurring due to the contact of clearing elements with solids are significantly reduced and distributed over the entire angle of rotation of the clearing shaft.

Noch weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn die Räumelemente an einem Räumwellengrundkörper befestigt sind und sich zumindest zwei Räumelemente, vorzugsweise ein Drittel oder die Hälfte der Räumelemente, insbesondere alle Räumelemente in einem voneinander verschiedenen Winkel von dem Räumwellengrundkörper erstrecken. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform sind entweder alle Räumelemente in einem unterschiedlichen Winkel zueinander angeordnet, so dass keine zwei Räumelemente parallel zueinander in Bezug auf den Erstreckungswinkel um die Räumachse verlaufen. In anderen Ausführungsformen kann vorgesehen sein, dass jeweils zwei Räumelemente winkelparallel zueinander verlaufen, also eine paarweise Anordnung mit Versatz der Räumelement-Paare auftritt, oder aber drei, vier oder noch mehr Räumelemente sich winkelparallel von der Räumwelle aus erstrecken, die jeweiligen Paare, Tripel usw. dann aber in einem Winkel zueinander stehen.It is even more preferred if the clearing elements are attached to a clearing shaft body and at least two clearing elements, preferably one third or half of the clearing elements, in particular all clearing elements, extend from the clearing shaft body at a different angle. According to this embodiment, either all clearing elements are arranged at a different angle to one another, so that no two clearing elements run parallel to one another in relation to the angle of extension around the clearing axis. In other embodiments, provision can be made for two clearing elements to run at an angle parallel to one another, i.e. an arrangement in pairs with an offset of the clearing element pairs occurs, or three, four or even more clearing elements extend angularly parallel from the clearing shaft, the respective pairs, triples, etc. . but then stand at an angle to each other.

Im Folgenden wird eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Figuren erläutert. Die folgenden Figuren zeigen die bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in unterschiedlichen Ansichten und Perspektiven. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Seitenansicht eines Gehäuseinnenraums einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform;
Fig. 2
eine perspektivische Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit ausgeblendeten Siebvorrichtungen gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform;
Fig. 3
eine perspektivische Seitenansicht eines Gehäuseinnenraums einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit einer ersten Siebvorrichtung und einer zweiten Siebvorrichtung sowie einer ersten Räumvorrichtung und einer zweiten Räumvorrichtung gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform;
Fig. 4a
eine Seitenansicht eines Gehäuseinnenraums einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform;
Fig. 4b
eine entlang der in Fig. 4a gezeigten Linie geschnittene Draufsicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit einer ersten Siebvorrichtung und einer zweiten Siebvorrichtung sowie einer ersten Räumvorrichtung und einer zweiten Räumvorrichtung gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform.
In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to the accompanying figures. The following figures show the preferred embodiment of the comminuting device according to the invention in different views and perspectives. Show it:
Fig. 1
a perspective side view of a housing interior of a comminuting device according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment;
Fig. 2
a perspective side view of a comminuting device according to the invention with hidden screening devices according to the preferred embodiment;
Fig. 3
a perspective side view of a housing interior of a comminuting device according to the invention with a first sieving device and a second sieving device and a first clearing device and a second clearing device according to the preferred embodiment;
Figure 4a
a side view of a housing interior of a comminuting device according to the invention according to the preferred embodiment;
Figure 4b
one along the in Figure 4a The line shown, sectioned plan view of a comminuting device according to the invention with a first sieving device and a second sieving device and a first clearing device and a second clearing device according to the preferred embodiment.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Gehäuseinnenraum 10 einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung. Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung weist eine erste Zerkleinerungswelle 11 und eine zweite Zerkleinerungswelle 12 drehbar innerhalb eines Gehäuses 1 in dem Gehäuseinnenraum 10 gelagert auf. Die erste Zerkleinerungswelle 11 und die zweite Zerkleinerungswelle 12 weisen mehrere Zerkleinerungsschneidelemente 110, 120 auf, die an Messerscheiben 111, 112 und entlang einer ersten, bzw. einer zweiten Zerkleinerungsachse axial beabstandet ausgebildet sind. Sowohl die erste Zerkleinerungswelle 11 als auch die zweite Zerkleinerungswelle 12 besteht aus mehreren Messerscheiben 111, 112. Der Gehäuseinnenraum weist einen Zerkleinerungsraum auf, der eine Einlass- und eine Austrittsöffnung umfasst, durch welche Feststoffe oder mit Feststoffen beladene Flüssigkeiten dem Zerkleinerungsraum zugeführt werden können, bzw. daraus abgeführt werden können. Die Zerkleinerungswellen 11, 12 erstrecken sich in den Zerkleinerungsraum. Figure 1 shows a housing interior 10 of a comminuting device according to the invention. The shredding device has a first shredding shaft 11 and a second shredding shaft 12 rotatably mounted within a housing 1 in the housing interior 10. The first shredding shaft 11 and the second shredding shaft 12 have a plurality of shredding cutting elements 110, 120 which are formed on knife disks 111, 112 and axially spaced along a first and a second shredding axis, respectively. Both the first shredding shaft 11 and the second shredding shaft 12 consist of several cutter disks 111, 112. The interior of the housing has a shredding chamber which comprises an inlet and an outlet opening through which solids or liquids laden with solids can be fed to the shredding chamber or . can be deducted from it. The shredding shafts 11, 12 extend into the shredding space.

Die beiden Zerkleinerungswellen 11, 12 drehen mit unterschiedlicher Drehzahl, sodass bei jeder Umdrehung andere Zerkleinerungsschneideelemente 110, 120 benachbarter Messerscheiben 111, 112 der beiden Zerkleinerungswellen 11, 12 miteinander in Eingriff kommen und eine Scherwirkung zwischen den Zerkleinerungs-Schneidelementen erzielt wird.The two shredding shafts 11, 12 rotate at different speeds, so that with each revolution other shredding cutting elements 110, 120 of adjacent cutter disks 111, 112 of the two shredding shafts 11, 12 come into engagement and a shear effect is achieved between the shredding cutting elements.

In einem Getrieberaum ist ein Getriebe angeordnet, welches aus zwei Zahnrädern mit unterschiedlicher Zähnezahl besteht, die direkt auf den Zerkleinerungswellen 11, 12 drehmomentfest befestigt sind und miteinander kämmen. Hierdurch wird eine gegensinnige Drehbewegung der beiden Zerkleinerungswellen 11, 12 erzeugt, die mit unterschiedlicher Drehzahl laufen. Eine der beiden Zerkleinerungswellen 11 oder 12 ist aus dem Zerkleinerungsraum herausgeführt und kann mittels eines Antriebsmotors in Rotation versetzt werden. Diese Rotation wird durch das Getriebe auf die andere Zerkleinerungswelle 11,12 übertragen. Dadurch rotiert die erste Zerkleinerungswelle 11 um eine erste Zerkleinerungsachse und die zweite Zerkleinerungswelle 12 in einer entgegengesetzten Drehrichtung um eine zweite Zerkleinerungsachse. Die erste Zerkleinerungsachse und die zweite Zerkleinerungsachse verlaufen parallel und beabstandet zueinander.A gear is arranged in a gear space, which consists of two gear wheels with different numbers of teeth, which are directly attached to the shredding shafts 11, 12 in a torque-proof manner and mesh with one another. As a result, an opposing rotational movement of the two shredding shafts 11, 12 is generated, which with different Running speed. One of the two shredding shafts 11 or 12 is led out of the shredding chamber and can be set in rotation by means of a drive motor. This rotation is transmitted to the other shredding shaft 11, 12 through the transmission. As a result, the first shredding shaft 11 rotates about a first shredding axis and the second shredding shaft 12 rotates in an opposite direction of rotation about a second shredding axis. The first shredding axis and the second shredding axis run parallel and at a distance from one another.

Am Umfang jeder Messerscheibe 111, 112 sind jeweils 8 gleichmäßig in Umfangsrichtung verteilte Zerkleinerungsschneideelemente 110, 120 ausgebildet. Die Zerkleinerungsschneideelemente 110, 120 bilden Schraubenlinien eines Gewindes mit steiler Steigung entlang des Umfangs jeder Zerkleinerungswelle 11, 12. Die Zerkleinerungsschneideelemente einer Zerkleinerungswelle bilden ein linksgängiges Gewinde, die Zerkleinerungsschneideelemente der anderen Zerkleinerungswelle bilden ein rechtsgängiges Gewinde.On the circumference of each knife disk 111, 112, 8 comminution cutting elements 110, 120 are formed in each case, evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The shredding cutting elements 110, 120 form helical lines of a thread with a steep pitch along the circumference of each shredding shaft 11, 12. The shredding cutting elements of one shredding shaft form a left-hand thread, the shredding cutting elements of the other shredding shaft form a right-hand thread.

Benachbart zu der ersten Zerkleinerungswelle 11 ist eine erste Siebvorrichtung 30 angeordnet. Die erste Siebvorrichtung 30 umfasst eine erste Siebwand 31, welche eine gekrümmte Oberfläche und eine Mehrzahl von Schlitzen 32 aufweist. Analog dazu ist benachbart zu der zweiten Zerkleinerungswelle 12 eine zweite Siebvorrichtung 40 angeordnet. Die zweite Siebvorrichtung 40 umfasst eine zweite Siebwand 41, welche eine gekrümmte Oberfläche und eine Mehrzahl von Schlitzen 42 aufweist. Die Krümmung der ersten und der zweiten Siebwand 31, 41 bilden eine konkave und eine konvexe Seite. Die konvexe Seite ist einlassseitig ausgebildet und die konkave Seite auslassseitig. Dadurch stellt zumindest in einem Siebwandabschnitt der ersten Siebwand 31, bzw. der zweiten Siebwand 41 eine Zylinderfläche um jeweilige Drehachse de Zerkleinerungswelle dar.A first screening device 30 is arranged adjacent to the first shredding shaft 11. The first sieve device 30 comprises a first sieve wall 31 which has a curved surface and a plurality of slots 32. Similarly, a second screening device 40 is arranged adjacent to the second shredding shaft 12. The second screen device 40 comprises a second screen wall 41 which has a curved surface and a plurality of slots 42. The curvature of the first and second screen walls 31, 41 form a concave and a convex side. The convex side is formed on the inlet side and the concave side on the outlet side. As a result, at least in a sieve wall section of the first sieve wall 31 or the second sieve wall 41, a cylindrical surface around the respective axis of rotation of the shredding shaft is represented.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Gehäuseinnenraum 10 einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit ausgeblendeten Siebvorrichtungen 30, 40. Benachbart zu der ersten Zerkleinerungswelle 11 ist eine erste Räumvorrichtung 50 ausgebildet. Die erste Räumvorrichtung 50 umfasst drei Räumrechen 51 a-c, die an einem ersten Räumwellengrundkörper 53 befestigt sind. Jeder Räumrechen umfasst mehrere gekrümmte Räumelemente 52 in Form von gekrümmten Räumfingern. Analog dazu ist benachbart der zweiten Zerkleinerungswelle 12 eine zweite Räumvorrichtung 60 ausgebildet. Die zweite Räumvorrichtung 60 umfasst drei Räumrechen 61a-c die an einem zweiten Räumwellengrundkörper 63 befestigt sind. Wiederum umfasst ein Räumrechen mehrere gekrümmte Räumelemente 52 in Form von gekrümmten Räumfingern. Der Räumwellengrundkörper der ersten Räumvorrichtung 50 ist mit einer Räumantriebsvorrichtung gekoppelt, um die erste Räumwelle in Rotation zu versetzen. Der Räumwellengrundkörper der zweiten Räumvorrichtung 60 wird durch eine zweite Räumantriebsvorrichtung 64 in Rotation versetzt. Figure 2 shows a housing interior 10 of a comminuting device according to the invention with screened out sieve devices 30, 40. Adjacent to the first comminuting shaft 11, a first clearing device 50 is formed. The first clearing device 50 comprises three clearing rakes 51 ac, which are fastened to a first clearing shaft base body 53. Each clearing rake comprises a plurality of curved clearing elements 52 in the form of curved clearing fingers. Analogously to this, a second clearing device 60 is formed adjacent to the second shredding shaft 12. The second clearing device 60 comprises three clearing rakes 61a-c which are fastened to a second clearing shaft base body 63. Again, a clearing rake comprises a plurality of curved clearing elements 52 in the form of curved clearing fingers. The broaching shaft body of the first Reamer 50 is coupled to a reamer drive device to set the first reamer shaft in rotation. The broaching shaft main body of the second broaching device 60 is set in rotation by a second broaching drive device 64.

Die Krümmung der Räumelemente 52, 62 bilden eine konvexe Vorderseite und eine konkave Rückseite aus. Die konvexe Vorderseite läuft in Bezug auf die Bewegungsrichtung der Räumelemente 52, 62 der Rückseite vor. Die Räumelemente 52, 62 sind für eine Rotationsbewegung um eine jeweilige Räumachse ausgebildet.The curvature of the clearing elements 52, 62 form a convex front and a concave rear. The convex front runs forward in relation to the direction of movement of the clearing elements 52, 62 of the rear. The clearing elements 52, 62 are designed for a rotational movement about a respective clearing axis.

Die Räumrechen 51 a-c, 61 a-c sind an dem sich entlang einer Räumachse erstreckenden Räumwellengrundkörper befestigt. In Figur 2 sind die Räumrechen 51 a-c der ersten Räumvorrichtung 50 solcherart an dem Räumwellengrundkörper befestigt, dass die Räumelemente 52 des ersten Räumrechens 51a sich in einem Winkel von 120° zu den Räumelementen des zweiten Räumrechens 51b und in einem Winkel von 120° zu den Räumelementen des dritten Räumrechens 51c erstecken. Analog dazu sind die Räumrechen 61 der zweiten Räumvorrichtung 60 solcherart an dem jeweiligen Räumwellengrundkörper befestigt, dass die Räumelemente 62 des ersten Räumrechens 61a mit einem Winkel zu den Räumelementen des zweiten Räumrechens 61b bzw. in einem Winkel zu den Räumelementen des dritten Räumrechens 61c erstecken. Die Räumrechen der Räumelemente 52, 62 erstrecken sich daher in voneinander verschiedenen Winkeln von dem jeweiligen Räumwellengrundkörper.The broaching rakes 51 ac, 61 ac are attached to the broaching shaft base body extending along a broaching axis. In Figure 2 the clearing rakes 51 ac of the first clearing device 50 are attached to the clearing shaft base body in such a way that the clearing elements 52 of the first clearing rake 51a are at an angle of 120 ° to the clearing elements of the second clearing rake 51b and at an angle of 120 ° to the clearing elements of the third clearing rake 51c stretch. Similarly, the clearing rakes 61 of the second clearing device 60 are attached to the respective clearing shaft base body in such a way that the clearing elements 62 of the first clearing rake 61a extend at an angle to the clearing elements of the second clearing rake 61b or at an angle to the clearing elements of the third clearing rake 61c. The clearing rakes of the clearing elements 52, 62 therefore extend at angles different from one another from the respective clearing shaft base body.

Figur 3 zeigt einen Gehäuseinnenraum 10 einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit einer ersten Siebvorrichtung 30 und einer zweiten Siebvorrichtung 40 sowie einer ersten Räumvorrichtung 50 und einer zweiten Räumvorrichtung 60. Die Siebvorrichtungen 30, 40 mit jeweils einer Siebwand 31, 41 weisen eine Mehrzahl von Schlitzen 32, 42 auf. Die erste und die zweite Zerkleinerungswelle 11, 12 ist zwischen der ersten Siebvorrichtung 30 und der zweiten Siebvorrichtung 40 ausgebildet. Die erste Räumvorrichtung 50 umfasst drei Räumrechen 51 a-c mit einer Mehrzahl von Räumelementen 52, die sich ausgehend von einer auf einer stromabwärts liegenden Seite der ersten Siebwand 31 angeordneten ersten Räumwelle durch die Mehrzahl von Schlitzen 32 hindurch erstrecken. Analog dazu umfasst die zweite Räumvorrichtung drei Räumrechen 61 a-c mit einer Mehrzahl von Räumelementen 62, die sich ausgehend von einer auf einer stromabwärts liegenden Seite der zweiten Siebwand 41 angeordneten zweiten Räumwelle durch die Mehrzahl von Schlitzen 42 hindurch erstrecken. Die gekrümmten Räumelemente oder Räumfinger 52, 62 laufen durch die jeweiligen Schlitze 32, 42 der jeweiligen Siebvorrichtung 30, 40. Beim Austritt der Räumfinger 52, 62 aus der jeweiligen Siebvorrichtung 30, 40 von innen nach außen werden Fremdstoffe außen an der Siebvorrichtung 30, 40 aktiv in Richtung erster Zerkleinerungswelle 11 und zweiter Zerkleinerungswelle 12 befördert. Die Breite der Räumfinger 52, 62 ist auf die Schlitzbreite angepasst und gewährleistet eine laufende Reinigung der Schlitze 32, 42 der Siebvorrichtung 30, 40 von innen nach außen. Die Siebvorrichtung 30, 40 ist auslassseitig frei zugänglich. Die Räumfinger 52, 62 sind derart ausgestaltet, dass sie berührungsfrei durch die Schlitze 32, 42 laufen. Figure 3 shows a housing interior 10 of a comminution device according to the invention with a first sieve device 30 and a second sieve device 40 as well as a first clearing device 50 and a second clearing device 60. The sieving devices 30, 40 each with a sieve wall 31, 41 have a plurality of slots 32, 42. The first and second shredding shafts 11, 12 are formed between the first screening device 30 and the second screening device 40. The first clearing device 50 comprises three clearing rakes 51 ac with a plurality of clearing elements 52, which, starting from a first clearing shaft arranged on a downstream side of the first screen wall 31, extend through the plurality of slots 32. Analogously to this, the second clearing device comprises three clearing rakes 61 ac with a plurality of clearing elements 62, which, starting from a second clearing shaft arranged on a downstream side of the second screen wall 41, extend through the plurality of slots 42. The curved clearing elements or clearing fingers 52, 62 run through the respective slots 32, 42 of the respective sieving device 30, 40. When the clearing fingers 52, 62 exit the respective sieving device 30, 40 from the inside to the outside, foreign matter on the outside of the screening device 30, 40 is actively conveyed in the direction of the first shredding shaft 11 and the second shredding shaft 12. The width of the clearing fingers 52, 62 is adapted to the width of the slot and ensures continuous cleaning of the slots 32, 42 of the sieve device 30, 40 from the inside to the outside. The sieve device 30, 40 is freely accessible on the outlet side. The clearing fingers 52, 62 are designed in such a way that they run through the slots 32, 42 without contact.

Figur 4a zeigt eine Seitenansicht der Figur 3. Figur 4b zeigt eine entlang der Linie A in Figur 4a geschnittene Draufsicht der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung. Die Draufsicht zeigt eine erste Zerkleinerungswelle 11 und eine zweite Zerkleinerungswelle 12, eine erste Siebvorrichtung 30 und eine zweite Siebvorrichtung 40 sowie eine erste Räumvorrichtung 50 und eine zweite Räumvorrichtung 60. Figure 4a shows a side view of the Figure 3 . Figure 4b shows one along line A in Figure 4a sectional top view of the comminuting device according to the invention. The plan view shows a first shredding shaft 11 and a second shredding shaft 12, a first sieving device 30 and a second sieving device 40 and a first clearing device 50 and a second clearing device 60.

Die Figur zeigt zwei Messerscheiben 111, 112 der erfindungsgemäßen Bauweise. Wie ersichtlich ist, weisen beide Messerscheiben 111, 112 eine axiale Längsbohrung 121, 122 auf, welche dazu dient, die Messerscheiben 111, 112 auf die jeweilige Zerkleinerungswelle 11, 12 aufschieben zu können. Jede Messerscheibe 111, 112 weist insgesamt acht gleichmäßig in Umfangsrichtung verteilte Zerkleinerungsschneideelemente 110, 120 in Form von Schneidezähnen auf.The figure shows two cutter disks 111, 112 of the construction according to the invention. As can be seen, both cutter disks 111, 112 have an axial longitudinal bore 121, 122, which is used to be able to slide the cutter disks 111, 112 onto the respective shredding shaft 11, 12. Each cutter disk 111, 112 has a total of eight comminuting cutting elements 110, 120 in the form of cutting teeth, evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

Seitens der ersten Zerkleinerungswelle 11 ist die erste Siebvorrichtung 30 mit einer ersten Siebwand 31, welche eine gekrümmte Oberfläche aufweist, ausgebildet. Analog dazu ist seitens der zweiten Zerkleinerungswelle 12 die zweite Siebvorrichtung 40 mit einer zweiten Siebwand 41, welche eine gekrümmte Oberfläche aufweist, ausgebildet. Die Krümmung der ersten Siebwand 31, und die Krümmung der zweiten Siebwand 41 sind spiegelbildlich zu einer Mittelebene B ausgestaltet. In Durchströmungsrichtung C hinter den Siebvorrichtungen 30, 40 ist jeweils eine Räumvorrichtung 50, 60 ausgebildet. Die Räumvorrichtungen 50, 60 weisen jeweils eine axiale Längsbohrung 123, 124 auf, welche dazu dient, die jeweilige Räumvorrichtung 50, 60 auf die jeweilige Räumwelle aufschieben zu können. Jede Räumvorrichtung 50, 60 weist wie vorstehend beschrieben jeweils insgesamt drei Räumrechen 52 a-c, 62 a-c auf. Durch die Ausgestaltung der Krümmung der Räumrechen der ersten Räumvorrichtung 50 in entgegengesetzter Richtung zu der Krümmung der Räumrechen der zweiten Räumvorrichtung 60 wird ein Rücktritt von Fremdstoffen in Richtung der ersten Zerkleinerungswelle 11 und der zweiten Zerkleinerungswelle 12 gewährleistet.On the side of the first shredding shaft 11, the first screening device 30 is formed with a first screen wall 31, which has a curved surface. Analogously to this, on the part of the second shredding shaft 12, the second sieve device 40 is formed with a second sieve wall 41, which has a curved surface. The curvature of the first screen wall 31 and the curvature of the second screen wall 41 are designed as a mirror image of a center plane B. A clearing device 50, 60 is formed in each case behind the sieve devices 30, 40 in the flow direction C. The clearing devices 50, 60 each have an axial longitudinal bore 123, 124, which serves to be able to push the respective clearing device 50, 60 onto the respective clearing shaft. As described above, each clearing device 50, 60 has a total of three clearing rakes 52 ac, 62 ac. The configuration of the curvature of the clearing rake of the first clearing device 50 in the opposite direction to the curvature of the clearing rake of the second clearing device 60 ensures that foreign substances are withdrawn in the direction of the first shredding shaft 11 and the second shredding shaft 12.

Die Drehrichtung der Zerkleinerungswellen und der Räumwellengrundkörper ist in Figur 4b durch Pfeile D, E,F,G gekennzeichnet.The direction of rotation of the shredding shafts and the clearing shaft body is in Figure 4b marked by arrows D, E, F, G.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
Gehäusecasing
22
EinlassöffnungInlet opening
33
AuslassöffnungOutlet opening
1010
GehäuseinnenraumHousing interior
1111
erste Zerkleinerungswellefirst shredding shaft
1212
zweite Zerkleinerungswellesecond shredding shaft
3030th
erste Siebvorrichtungfirst screening device
3131
erste Siebwandfirst screen wall
3232
SchlitzeSlots
4040
zweite Siebvorrichtungsecond screening device
4141
zweite Siebwandsecond screen wall
4242
SchlitzeSlots
5050
erste Räumvorrichtungfirst clearing device
5151
RäumrechenClearing rake
5252
Räumelement/RäumfingerClearing element / clearing finger
6060
zweite Räumvorrichtungsecond clearing device
6161
RäumrechenClearing rake
6262
Räumelement/RäumfingerClearing element / clearing finger
110110
ZerkleinerungsschneideelementeShredding cutting elements
120120
ZerkleinerungsschneideelementeShredding cutting elements
111111
MesserscheibeKnife disc
112112
MesserscheibeKnife disc
121121
axiale Längsbohrungaxial longitudinal bore
122122
axiale Längsbohrungaxial longitudinal bore
123123
axiale Längsbohrungaxial longitudinal bore
124124
axiale Längsbohrungaxial longitudinal bore

Claims (14)

  1. A comminuting device for solids-conducting liquids comprising
    - a housing (1) with an inlet opening, an outlet opening and a housing interior (19) which extends from the inlet opening to the outlet opening,
    - a first comminuting shaft (11) which extends through the housing interior (10) and which is arranged so as to rotate about a first comminuting axis and to which a plurality of first comminuting cutting elements (110) spaced apart axially along the first comminuting axis is fastened,
    - a second comminuting shaft (12) which extends through the housing interior and which is arranged so as to rotate about a second comminuting axis and to which a plurality of second comminuting cutting elements (120) spaced apart axially along the second comminuting axis is fastened,
    - a drive device for driving the first and second comminuting cutting shaft in a rotational movement,
    - a first screening device having a first screening wall exhibiting a plurality of slots which is arranged in the housing interior adjacent to the first comminuting shaft, and a first clearing device with a plurality of clearing elements which can be moved relative to the screening wall along a movement path and which extend through the plurality of slots starting from a first clearing shaft arranged on one side of the first filter wall in at least one portion of the movement path,
    - characterized in that the clearing elements comprise a plurality of curved clearing fingers and in that the curvature of the clearing fingers forms a convex front side and a rear side of each clearing finger, wherein the front side runs ahead of the rear side in relation to the movement direction of the clearing elements.
  2. The comminuting device as claimed in claim 1,
    comprising a clearing drive device which is coupled to the first clearing shaft and sets the first clearing shaft in rotation.
  3. The comminuting device as claimed in claim 2,
    whererin that the clearing drive device comprises
    - hydrodynamically acting fluid-conducting elements which are arranged in the interior and flowed through by the liquid flow passing through the interior, or
    - an electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically driven motor.
  4. The comminuting device as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the first and second comminuting shafts (11, 12) extend between the first screening device (30) and a second screening device (40) with a second screening wall (41) exhibiting a plurality of slots (42) and a second clearing device (60) with a plurality of clearing elements (62) which extend through the plurality of slots starting from a second clearing shaft arranged on one side of the second screening wall.
  5. The comminuting device as claimed in claim 4,
    wherein the second clearing shaft is set in rotation by the first clearing drive device or the second clearing shaft is coupled to a second clearing drive device which is configured corresponding to the first clearing drive device as claimed in claim 2 or 3 and set in rotation.
  6. The comminuting device as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the axial space between two axially adjacent first comminuting elements is at least the same size, at least twice as large, at least five times as large, or at least ten times as large, as the ball passage of the slots (32, 42).
  7. The comminuting device as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the first and second comminuting shaft are driven in rotational directions opposing one another and the first and second comminuting axis preferably run parallel to and are spaced apart from one another.
  8. The comminuting device as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    Wherein the curvature of the clearing fingers forms a concave rear side of each clearing finger.
  9. The comminuting device as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the first clearing elements are configured for a rotational movement about a first clearing axis.
  10. The comminuting device of claim 9,
    wherein the first screening wall (31) has a curved screening wall surface which preferably constitutes a cylinder surface about the first clearing axis, at least in one screening wall portion.
  11. The comminuting device as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the first clearing elements comprise a plurality of first clearing rakes (51) with a plurality of clearing elements and the clearing rakes (51) are fastened about a clearing shaft base body extending along a clearing axis.
  12. The comminuting device of claim 11,
    characterized in that at least two of the clearing rakes (51) are fastened to the clearing shaft base body in such a manner that the clearing elements (52) of the one clearing rake (51) extend at an angle to the clearing rakes (52) of the second clearing rake (51).
  13. The comminuting device of claim 12,
    Wherein a number N of clearing rakes (51) are fastened to the clearing shaft base body and two of the clearing rakes (51) in each case are oriented at an angle of 360°/N to one another.
  14. The comminuting device as claimed in one of the preceding claims 1-11,
    wherein the clearing elements (52, 62) are fastened to a clearing shaft basic body and at least two clearing elements (52, 62), preferably a third or half of the clearing elements (52, 62), in particular all clearing elements, extend at a different angle from one another from the clearing shaft base body.
EP18705127.1A 2017-02-09 2018-02-09 Comminuting device Active EP3579976B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18705127T PL3579976T3 (en) 2017-02-09 2018-02-09 Comminuting device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202017100714.6U DE202017100714U1 (en) 2017-02-09 2017-02-09 comminution device
PCT/EP2018/053270 WO2018146247A1 (en) 2017-02-09 2018-02-09 Comminuting device

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EP3579976A1 EP3579976A1 (en) 2019-12-18
EP3579976B1 true EP3579976B1 (en) 2020-12-09

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EP18705127.1A Active EP3579976B1 (en) 2017-02-09 2018-02-09 Comminuting device

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US (1) US11203020B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3579976B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6923662B2 (en)
CN (1) CN110520218B (en)
BR (1) BR112019016304A2 (en)
DE (1) DE202017100714U1 (en)
DK (1) DK3579976T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2858434T3 (en)
MX (1) MX2019009343A (en)
PL (1) PL3579976T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2018146247A1 (en)

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DE202020102630U1 (en) 2020-05-11 2021-08-12 Vogelsang Gmbh & Co. Kg Shredding device

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WO2018146247A1 (en) 2018-08-16
PL3579976T3 (en) 2021-06-14
DE202017100714U1 (en) 2018-05-11
BR112019016304A2 (en) 2020-03-31
DK3579976T3 (en) 2021-03-08
ES2858434T3 (en) 2021-09-30
MX2019009343A (en) 2019-12-11
CN110520218B (en) 2021-07-13
US11203020B2 (en) 2021-12-21
CN110520218A (en) 2019-11-29
EP3579976A1 (en) 2019-12-18
US20190374953A1 (en) 2019-12-12
JP2020506802A (en) 2020-03-05
JP6923662B2 (en) 2021-08-25

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