EP3577081A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un objet à faible épaisseur de paroi à forme tridimensionnelle - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un objet à faible épaisseur de paroi à forme tridimensionnelle

Info

Publication number
EP3577081A1
EP3577081A1 EP18705841.7A EP18705841A EP3577081A1 EP 3577081 A1 EP3577081 A1 EP 3577081A1 EP 18705841 A EP18705841 A EP 18705841A EP 3577081 A1 EP3577081 A1 EP 3577081A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
starting substrate
die
pressure
substrate
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18705841.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paul-Alexander VOGEL
Holger KREILKAMP
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP3577081A1 publication Critical patent/EP3577081A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
    • C03B23/035—Re-forming glass sheets by bending using a gas cushion or by changing gas pressure, e.g. by applying vacuum or blowing for supporting the glass while bending
    • C03B23/0352—Re-forming glass sheets by bending using a gas cushion or by changing gas pressure, e.g. by applying vacuum or blowing for supporting the glass while bending by suction or blowing out for providing the deformation force to bend the glass sheet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a thin-walled object having a three-dimensional shape and to a device according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • Thin-walled three-dimensional objects are used in a wide variety of technical fields. Such objects are e.g. to achieve high scratch resistance and durability preferably made of glass and used in a variety of applications, e.g. used as a cover or in a variety of ways in the interior of motor vehicles. Other examples of a fast-growing market are display covers for mobile phones or covers and enclosures for sensory elements.
  • Surfaces of such three-dimensional macro-shape objects may be functionalized by means of microstructuring.
  • Objects with a functionalized surface can e.g. have a special haptic effect and serve as a cover, for example.
  • Functionalized surfaces may also be optically active, e.g. with applications in general optics, e.g. as reflectors or in the
  • Anti-adhesive surfaces e.g. self-cleaning or wetting-poor surfaces, e.g. be significant in the field of medical technology.
  • thin glass in particular thin glass can be used, which is understood here as glass with a maximum thickness of 2 mm.
  • glasses of even smaller thickness e.g. Below 1 mm, preferably below 500 ⁇ or more preferably below 300 ⁇ , represent the future with a particularly interesting scope of the invention.
  • the material glass offers due to its scratch resistance, haptics, and
  • the invention shown here also includes basically thin-walled objects made of plastic or other materials.
  • the laser structuring can only be used for special, often not relevant materials.
  • the laser structuring can only be used for special, often not relevant materials.
  • JP 2007131499 A discloses to give a flat glass article a macro-form, for which a glass starting substrate is placed on a thermoforming die, which has one or more die cavities forming recesses each having a suction opening. A vacuum is generated via the suction opening, with which the heated and therefore softened glass starting substrate is drawn into the mold. At the edge of the mold, the glass material is fixed. JP 2007131499 A has as constant a thickness as possible of the glass product after forming. To one
  • the generation of the vacuum is temporarily interrupted by means of a switching valve. All suction openings are via a collection room with the same
  • JP 2000256023 A a device and a method of the type mentioned are known in which softened glass by vacuum a Thermoforming process is subjected.
  • One of the embodiments has a plurality of suction openings on a die cavity for generating the negative pressure.
  • Forming tool whose surface is formed according to the negative of the microstructure to be formed, formed in the substrate, the microstructure by pressing.
  • the forming tool has a base material with an open pore structure, by which a negative pressure is generated, with which the substrate is pressed onto the surface of the forming tool.
  • the demolding takes place with overpressure, also through the pore structure.
  • the disclosed method as well as the forming tool serve solely to introduce a microstructure.
  • EP 1852239 B1 discloses first of all to produce a microstructure on the surface of a starting substrate made of plastic film, and then the
  • thermoforming process three-dimensionally.
  • suction openings for the die cavity, over which a vacuum can be created.
  • the openings may also be used as exchange openings for the escape of a fluid, e.g. Air, serve for the case that from the side facing away from the female cavity side of the starting substrate, an overpressure is built up.
  • a fluid e.g. Air
  • a central suction opening branches in the process towards the female cavity into several individual openings.
  • a method for the production of three-dimensional microstructures in which a substantially flat material to be formed is inserted and heated between two molds. A pressure gradient forces the material towards a bottom of one of the molds.
  • the same shape may have a plurality of die cavities, each die cavity a separate exchange opening for the exchange of an active medium, eg air, has.
  • different die cavities can be provided with different pressures, so that the material to be formed deforms to different degrees in the different die cavities.
  • DE 10 2010 020 439 A1 discloses methods for producing shaped glass articles of defined geometry.
  • a glass sheet is placed on a mold and heated in a heating unit. The deformation then takes place by means of external
  • glass does not heat homogeneously but preferably in those areas in which a transformation is to be made. This can be influenced by a defined temperature distribution, the later shape of the glass article.
  • a desired temperature-time profile is preferably set on the glass pane by means of a laser beam.
  • Temperature distribution on the starting glass is chosen so that the viscosity at the points is reduced to the extent necessary to which a deformation is desired.
  • Device different forming processes can be performed by different temperature distributions. It is an object of the invention to provide an alternative method and an alternative device of the type mentioned above to form a thin-walled object three-dimensionally.
  • claim 1 is proposed for the first time that two or at least two of the exchange holes ending in the same die cavity for
  • Influencing the pressure or the pressure distribution are controlled separately.
  • the inventive method is carried out so that the pressure or the pressure distribution of the fluid active medium in the die cavity is influenced by at least two exchange openings.
  • the fluid active medium may be a gas, e.g. Act air.
  • the fluid active medium is not (anymore) sucked out of one of the replacement openings or of a part number of the replacement openings at a certain point in time, while the remaining ones are being sucked off
  • Suction openings is sucked. It can also be provided from
  • microstructures influenced or generated by fluid flows may be predetermined in shape, e.g. by wall structures introduced into the wall of the associated female cavity, e.g. the fluid flow affecting channels.
  • each of the further cavities which are not already provided with at least two replacement openings is provided with at least one replacement opening. If a starting substrate to be deformed now covers a plurality of die cavities, the
  • Deep drawing process to be limited to individual matrix cavities.
  • the operated matrix cavities it is possible to produce different three-dimensional macro forms with a thermoforming die having a plurality of die cavities.
  • a pulsating exchange of the active medium may be useful. This means that the pressure fluctuates in time between a higher and a lower pressure limit.
  • the higher pressure limit may e.g. correspond to the ambient pressure or be lower or higher.
  • the higher pressure limit and / or the lower pressure limit may also vary over time, e.g. steadily decrease as the current pressure oscillates between these pressure limits.
  • the commuting can be continuous, e.g. by a sinusoidal course in time, or even abrupt
  • Pressure changes e.g. to ambient pressure.
  • the pulsed exchange of the active medium can lead to successive deformation steps and to a more targeted deformation of the starting substrate, e.g. by restraining in marginal areas is suppressed by returning the pressure in Matrizen cavity to ambient pressure until this edge region has applied to the adjacent wall and is stable, then lowering the pressure again and another
  • an overpressure acting externally on the starting substrate is used by means of the same or another active medium in order to influence the pressure or the pressure distribution in the at least one die cavity.
  • variable process parameters are those which influence the pressure or the pressure distribution in the at least one die cavity. Different shapes with the same thermoforming die are obtained when the starting substrate penetrates different distances into the die cavity or die cavities. That is, depending on the desired macro-shape of the object, the deep-drawing process ends before the starting substrate has completely nestled against all the walls of the die cavity.
  • the pressure related process parameters can be determined or at least influenced as the thermoforming process progresses and when it ends in which areas of the Matrizen- cavity.
  • the inventive method can also be carried out so that the
  • Drawing die during the deep drawing process has a lower temperature than the starting substrate. This can be a sticking of the substrate material to the
  • Pulling dies are prevented or at least reduced.
  • the inventive method can also be carried out so that the
  • the starting substrate is softened by heating to such an extent that a contact area between the starting substrate and the drawing die resulting from a sinking of the starting substrate is sealing against the active medium at least in a partial region.
  • the heating may, for. B. before applying a vacuum or a
  • the surface structuring of the at least one inner wall of the draw die is preferably the negative of the desired microstructure for the investment
  • the surface structuring of the drawing die can also be achieved by at least one object placed in the drawing die, for example a film or a stamped or preferably lasered perforated sheet.
  • the Microstructure can be additionally influenced by the flow of the active medium, as already shown above.
  • the inventive method can also be carried out so that at least a portion of the desired microstructures is introduced only after the deep-drawing process, z. B. by means of a stamp.
  • Fabrication of the microstructure before or after the deep drawing process or during the deep drawing process can also be combined on the same starting substrate.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out such that the at least one or at least one of the process parameters additionally has a
  • Temperature distribution in the starting substrate influenced.
  • this may be one which is not simultaneously provided for controlling the pressure in a die cavity.
  • different temperature distributions e.g. in the to
  • Thickness direction vertical surface of the starting substrate are given up for the thermoforming process.
  • the temperature distribution in the starting substrate influences the way in which the starting substrate flows into the drawing die, so that, for example, B. can be achieved that areas of the Ziehmatrizen surface are not reached by the substrate or that the finished molded substrate has different thicknesses in different areas. For example, can the areas of the
  • Temperature gradients can also be combined with those described above Control of the suction or the supply of the fluid active medium through the
  • the inventive method is particularly suitable for a
  • Starting substrate made of glass, in particular of thin glass with a thickness of at most 2 mm, preferably below 1 mm, more preferably below 500 ⁇ and further preferably below 300 ⁇ .
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention offer interesting possibilities, in particular with regard to the ability to influence the microstructure and / or the macro-shape by means of separate control of different exchange openings or the setting of specific temperature distributions in the starting substrate.
  • an adaptive production in particular a networked adaptive production, can be advantageously used.
  • FIG. 1 generally a deep drawing device with heating variants
  • FIG. 2 a thermoforming die with suction channels
  • thermoforming die with suction channels with microbores
  • thermoforming die with connected overpressure chamber thermoforming die with connected overpressure chamber
  • FIG. 5 shows a detail of the inside of a thermoforming die with a negative of a desired microstructuring
  • FIG. 6 shows a deep-drawing die with glass substrate, which has already been microstructured before deep-drawing
  • thermoforming die 9 shows a continuous furnace with thermoforming die.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically in cross-section a deep-drawing device with a drawing die 1, a heating block 2 surrounding the drawing die 1 for heating the drawing die 1.
  • the heating block 2 may, for. B. electrically, for example, with cartridges 3 or
  • Heating coils 4 to be heated.
  • Studpatrone 3 and 4 heating coil are only symbolically drawn here and can be distributed in any suitable manner in the heating block 2. This alone heating cartridges 3 or alone heating coils 4 or both measures can be used. Also possible, as an alternative or in addition, are other heating options for the drawing die 1 which are not mentioned here.
  • a starting substrate 5 preferably made of glass, which thus limits a Matrizen-cavity 8 on one side.
  • the starting substrate 5 can be heated separately by a heating unit 6.
  • the heating unit 6 may belong to the pulling device composed of pulling die 1 and heating block 2.
  • the heating unit 6 can also be part of a
  • the heating unit 6 can also be used as part of a furnace exemplified in FIG. 9, in particular a continuous furnace, or in addition to an oven heating device of such a (continuous) furnace become. With a continuous furnace or continuous furnace, a significant increase in cost-effectiveness could be achieved.
  • thermoforming processes such as in an oven, e.g. a continuous furnace can be realized, have the
  • Drawing die 1 and the substrate 5 at substantially the same temperature.
  • the heating process may be easier to control in an isothermal process, however, it may come to the baking of the starting substrate 5 on the drawing die 1.
  • the temperature of the starting substrate 5 may be made different than that of the drawing die 1. So z. B. the temperature of the starting substrate 5 are set higher compared to the temperature of the drawing die 1, which may be advantageous in particular in the case of starting substrates 5 made of glass.
  • Non-isothermal deep drawing processes also allow the already described above set up desired temperature distributions in the
  • Starting substrate 5 set higher where the degree of deformation is higher, z.
  • Non-isothermal draw processes may also be used in an oven, e.g. a continuous oven, e.g. by - as mentioned in the previous paragraph - separate
  • Heating means are used.
  • the drawing die 1 has several
  • Starting substrate 5 and thermoforming die 1 are possible, but not shown here.
  • sealing measures are conceivable z. B. a temperature-resistant rotating Sealing ring between deep-drawing die 1 and the starting substrate 5 or a sealing substrate surrounding the starting substrate 5 and placed on the deep-drawing die 1.
  • the heating unit 6 see FIG. 1
  • the starting substrate softens and thus makes intimate contact with the thermoforming die 1 in that the contact surface is sealing.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a thermoforming die 1 with three exchange channels 7, each with a separate negative pressure generator 10, z. B. a pump or a
  • Vacuum ejector are connected.
  • the vacuum generator 10 are each separately controllable, so that the suction through the exchange channels 7 therethrough
  • thermoforming apparatus may also be arranged so that at least one of the replacement channels 7 is not subject to a mere negative pressure generator 10, but to a device which can also introduce a gas if required, e.g. to cause certain gas flows and / or to generate an overpressure.
  • each exchange channel 7 can be equipped with a shut-off valve or a controllable valve for throttling the suction power or the blowing power (in the case of overpressure).
  • the influencing of the result of the deep-drawing process by means of controllable or controllable pressure distributions in the exchange channels 7 can be assisted by the provision of targeted temperature distributions on the starting substrate 5, which is to be given a macro-form in the thermoforming die 1.
  • thermoforming process e.g. B. temporal and spatial
  • Vacuum generator 10 or overpressure generator can be provided.
  • the temperature distribution to be selected for the starting substrate 5 depends on the material of the starting substrate 5 and the associated viscosity curve as well as on the
  • Starting substrate 5 flows faster into the underlying die cavity 8 than a second region, the temperature distribution is to be chosen so that in the first region is given a lower viscosity than in the second region.
  • the exchange channels 7 do not extend in their original shape to the inner surface of the thermoforming die 1, but each branched into a plurality of microchannels 1 1, so that the negative pressure / overpressure generation more uniform or in the specific desired distribution on the inner surface of the
  • Thermoforming die 1 is distributed.
  • the distribution of the exchange channels 7 in micro-channels 1 1 is not mandatory, but can be used in all embodiments shown here and other variants.
  • Fig. 4 shows a thermoforming die 1 with exchange channels 7 and resting
  • Overpressure chamber 12 is provided, which via a feed channel 13 with a
  • Working medium can be supplied to generate the overpressure.
  • the active medium is a fluid, preferably a gas, such as. For example, air.
  • the pressure chamber can with a window 14, z. B. be provided of quartz glass. Through the window 14 through the starting substrate 5 can be heated, for. B. by laser radiation.
  • the window 14 can also serve for visual inspection, which in particular allows a measurement of the temperature distribution achieved at the starting substrate 5.
  • Fig. 5 shows a detail of the drawing die 1 with an inner wall 15 and a bottom 16 to which the starting substrate 5 to be formed is to create.
  • a fine structuring is symbolically represented, which is a negative of a microstructure, which is to be introduced into the surface of the starting substrate 5 during the deep drawing process. In this case will be
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative method to FIG. 5, in which the starting substrate 5 has already been given a microstructure, which is indicated only symbolically on the structured surface 17 in FIG. 6, before the deep-drawing process.
  • the structured surface 17 of the starting substrate 5 faces away from the inner wall 15 and the bottom 16 of the thermoforming die 1.
  • FIG. 7 shows a possible result of a deep-drawing process shown in FIG. 5, namely a finished object 20 with the macro-shape produced by the deep-drawing process and the microstructuring.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further alternative for introducing the microstructuring.
  • the starting substrate 5 was first given a macro-form by means of the thermoforming die 1.
  • the microstructure is embossed on the deformed starting substrate 5 by means of a stamp 18 structured on its stamp side 19.
  • an overpressure can be generated in order to remove the starting substrate 5 from the thermoforming die 1 after the thermoforming process.
  • Fig. 9 shows schematically a continuous furnace 21, in which a plurality of pulling dies 22 are arranged on a driven treadmill 22, one of which is shown enlarged. Via an input side 23, which is secured in a manner not shown here against excessive heat losses, the drawing dies 1 are introduced together with a starting substrate 5 in the continuous furnace 21.
  • the interior of the drawing dies 1 are introduced together with a starting substrate 5 in the continuous furnace 21.
  • Continuous furnace 21 is heated as homogeneously as possible by means of a heater 24 shown here only symbolically, so that in the area of the drawing dies 1 largely isothermal conditions prevail.
  • the draw die 1 docks onto pressure generating means 25, which can generate a negative pressure or an overpressure in a die cavity 8 (eg, as shown in FIGS. 1 or 2).
  • the printing device 25 can serve a plurality of exchange openings 7 (see eg FIGS. 2 to 4 and 5) and control them separately.
  • the starting substrate 5 resting on the drawing die 1 can be subjected to laser radiation by laser radiation-conducting means 26 for separate heating. In this way, a desired temperature distribution can be given to the starting substrate 5 in a targeted manner.
  • the drawing die 1 leaves the continuous furnace 21.
  • the finished object can now be formed from the drawing die 1.
  • the illustrated method and the device shown are particularly suitable for thin glass, which is understood here as glass with a maximum thickness of 2 mm.
  • glasses of very small thickness below 1 mm, preferably below 500 ⁇ or more preferably below 300 ⁇ represent a particularly interesting application of the invention.
  • Such glasses are used z. B. as display glasses.
  • the method described here makes it possible to adhere to the narrow process window necessary in the production of three-dimensional macro-shapes and, if necessary, also in the molding of microstructures.
  • Forming speed which can be influenced by the local variation of the pressures or else by the total pressure in the die cavity 8 (see FIG. 2).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la fabrication d'un objet à faible épaisseur de paroi à forme tridimensionnelle, dans lequel on applique à un substrat de départ (5) à faible épaisseur de paroi, par un procédé d'emboutissage profond utilisant un milieu actif fluide et une matrice d'emboutissage (1), par utilisation d'au moins un paramètre de procédé, une macroforme tridimensionnelle, le ou les paramètres de procédé influençant au moins une pression ou une distribution des pressions du milieu actif fluide dans au moins une cavité (8), délimitant le substrat de départ (5) à appliquer, de la matrice d'emboutissage (1), et la pression ou la distribution des pressions du milieu actif fluide étant influencées par l'intermédiaire d'au moins deux orifices d'échange (7) se terminant dans la même cavité de matrice (8), caractérisé en ce que, pour influencer la pression ou la distribution des pressions, on commande séparément les deux ou les au moins deux orifices d'échange (7) se terminant dans la même cavité de matrice (8).
EP18705841.7A 2017-02-03 2018-02-02 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un objet à faible épaisseur de paroi à forme tridimensionnelle Pending EP3577081A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017102153 2017-02-03
PCT/EP2018/052659 WO2018141905A1 (fr) 2017-02-03 2018-02-02 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un objet à faible épaisseur de paroi à forme tridimensionnelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3577081A1 true EP3577081A1 (fr) 2019-12-11

Family

ID=61244553

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18705841.7A Pending EP3577081A1 (fr) 2017-02-03 2018-02-02 Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication d'un objet à faible épaisseur de paroi à forme tridimensionnelle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3577081A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018141905A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020069835A1 (fr) 2018-10-01 2020-04-09 Saint-Gobain Glass France Outil, système, procédé de fabrication d'une vitre de véhicule, vitre de véhicule et véhicule

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000256023A (ja) 1999-03-09 2000-09-19 A F C Ceramic:Kk 板材の湾曲成形型
DE10034507C1 (de) 2000-07-15 2002-02-21 Schott Glas Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Mikrostrukturen auf Glas- oder Kunststoffsubstraten nach der Heißformtechnologie und zugehöriges Formgebungswerkzeug
US20050146073A1 (en) 2004-01-02 2005-07-07 Guloy Aldo Y. Method for forming a decorative flower pot
JP5003858B2 (ja) 2005-11-11 2012-08-15 日本電気硝子株式会社 ガラス物品の成形方法及び成形装置
DE102006020667A1 (de) 2006-05-04 2007-11-08 K1 Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer dreidimensionalen Freiformfläche mit haptisch und/oder optisch wahrnehmbaren Mikrostrukturen
FR2909372B1 (fr) * 2006-12-05 2012-10-19 Snc Eurokera Procede de fabrication de produits non plans en vitroceramique
DE102007012146B4 (de) 2007-03-12 2012-11-29 Lzh Laserzentrum Hannover E.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Umformung von Bauteilen aus unter Wärmeeinfluß verformbaren Materialien, insbesondere aus Glas
DE102010020439A1 (de) 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Schott Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung geformter Glasartikel und Verwendung der verfahrensgemäß hergestellten Glasartikel
DE102014200921A1 (de) 2013-02-05 2014-08-07 Schott Ag Verfahren zur formfreien Herstellung eines geformten Glasartikels mit vorbestimmter Geometrie, Verwendung eines verfahrensgemäß hergestellten Glasartikels und geformter Glasartikel
EP2958863B1 (fr) * 2013-02-20 2018-09-26 Corning Incorporated Procédé et appareil pour la mise en forme d'articles de verre
DE102013104299B4 (de) * 2013-04-26 2016-02-18 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Wirkmedienbasierte Tieftemperaturumformung
KR101499431B1 (ko) * 2013-11-04 2015-03-06 코닝정밀소재 주식회사 유리기판 성형장치
US9796586B2 (en) 2014-12-31 2017-10-24 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Three dimensional microstructures and fabrication process
JP2018525306A (ja) * 2015-06-26 2018-09-06 コーニング インコーポレイテッド シート材を再形成するための装置および方法

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