Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/06—Organic materials
  • C09K21/08—Organic materials containing halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/06—Organic materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
  • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
  • A62D1/0071—Foams
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
  • C09K21/04—Inorganic materials containing phosphorus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/06—Organic materials
  • C09K21/10—Organic materials containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/06—Organic materials
  • C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C27/00—Fire-fighting land vehicles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
  • A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
  • A62C3/0242—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft by spraying extinguishants from the aircraft
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
  • A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D1/00—Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight
  • B64D1/16—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting

Definitions

• the present invention relates to flame retardant products for fire fighting, processes for preparing such products and fire extinguishing devices.
• a flame retardant product which slows down the development of the fire, or even decreases its intensity, is conventionally dispersed on the supports to be protected, for example by means of a fire hose, a sprinkler sprinkler head, a bomber plane or a bomber helicopter.
• a "short term" flame retardant product is liquid and generally has more than 99% by weight of water.
• the flame retardancy of the short-lived product comes mainly from the consumption of the energy released by the fire, to evaporate the water. Due to its low viscosity, close to that of water, a short-lived flame retardant product is easily dispersed. It can be used to protect a multitude of media. However, its low viscosity limits its adhesion.
• a "long-lasting" flame retardant product is conventionally used to protect wooden substrates.
• it comprises an intumescent agent, for example ammonium phosphate or ammonium sulfate in aqueous solution.
• the reaction of the intumescent agent with wood cellulose produces ammonia as well as phosphoric acid, with the effect of acidifying the medium where the reaction. This acidification promotes the dehydration of cellulose.
• the original cellulose then remains only a structure with a high carbon content, called the "charred layer", whose thermal properties make it possible to reduce the thermal gradients in the mass of the wood, and to retard its combustion.
• the gas evolution produced by the reaction of ammonium phosphate with cellulose causes intumescence, that is to say the development of a carbonaceous foam, by growth of cells within the charcoal layer.
• the long-life flame retardant product typically has a high viscosity which allows it to adhere to the carrier for days or even weeks, preventing the development of a fire.
• specific devices capable of achieving high pressures are required.
• Such a product is unsuitable for dispersion using conventional devices, such as for example using a fire hose or using a sprinkler type sprinkler head.
• the water acts as a solvent and / or carrier for transporting the constituents of the product.
• the invention aims to satisfy this need.
• the subject of the present invention is, according to a first of its aspects, a flame retardant product, called “concentrate”, consisting of an aqueous solution comprising:
• an intumescent agent capable of dehydrating at least partially or totally the hydroxylated carbon component so as to generate, under the effect of heat, a carbonated foam
• a thixotropic agent chosen to have a viscosity which increases under the effect of an addition of water in the absence of shear
• the aqueous solution being sufficiently concentrated in hydroxylated carbon component and intumescent agent that an addition of water in said solution increases the viscosity in the absence of shear of said solution.
• a concentrated product according to the invention is easy to store, has a thixotropic behavior, and has a viscosity which can, after addition of water, be advantageously reduced by simple shearing.
• a viscosity which can, after addition of water, be advantageously reduced by simple shearing.
• the low viscosity during the dispersion, resulting from shear advantageously allows dispersion at low pressure.
• a flame retardant product according to the invention comprises a hydroxylated carbon component which can react with the intumescent agent to form a charcoal froth.
• a flame retardant product according to the invention comprises all the constituents necessary for the generation of the carbonaceous foam and may advantageously be used for substrates not containing cellulose or small amounts of cellulose, for example on resinous trees , or even on hydrocarbons or to retard fires of electrical origin. It can also be used on household or industrial waste.
• a flame retardant product according to the invention is thus of universal application.
• a concentrated flame retardant product according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following optional features:
• the hydroxylated carbon constituent is chosen from the group consisting of carbohydrates, polyols, osamines and their mixtures and / or the intumescent agent comprises an element chosen from the group consisting of halogens, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, zinc, aluminum, magnesium and mixtures thereof and / or the thixotropic agent is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, gum arabic, senegal gum, bentonite, cellulose ethers and mixtures thereof preferably, the hydroxylated carbon component is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose, xylose, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, maltose, arabinose and mixtures thereof, and / or the intumescent and desiccant agent is selected in the group consisting of ammonium polyphosphate, di-ammonium phosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, urea phosphate, melamine phosphate
• the thixotropic agent is chosen from the group consisting of xanthan gum, gum arabic, senegal gum, cellulose ethers and their mixtures;
• the hydroxyl-containing carbon constituent is chosen from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, maltose, arabinose and their mixtures;
• the hydroxyl-containing carbon component comprises sucrose and glucose;
• the hydroxyl-containing carbon component comprises sucrose and glucose and fructose
• the total mass content of sucrose, glucose and fructose is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 10%, preferably greater than 15%, or even greater than 20%, expressed as a percentage by weight, expressed on the basis of mass of the flame retardant product;
• the glucose content is greater than 5%, in percentage by mass, expressed on the basis of the mass of the flame retardant product
• sucrose content is greater than 5%, as a percentage by mass, expressed on the basis of the mass of the flame retardant product
• the fructose content is greater than 5%, as a percentage by mass, expressed on the basis of the mass of the flame retardant product;
• the carbon component is derived from a sugar extraction process of a plant, and / or the intumescent agent is ammonium polyphosphate;
• the carbon component comprises sugar, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, preferably less than 1% by weight of the sugar of said carbon component being crystallizable;
• the flame retardant product comprises, by weight, more than 5% and less than 20% of xanthan gum;
• the concentrated flame-retardant product comprises, by mass, less than 0.5% of an antimicrobial agent and / or an antifungal agent.
• the concentrated flame-retardant product comprises, by weight, in less than 0.5% of an anticorrosion agent.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a concentrated flame retardant product according to the invention. According to this method, the thixotropic agent is added in an aqueous solution comprising the hydroxylated carbon component and the intumescent agent, the total weight content of hydroxylated carbon component and intumescent agent being greater than 80%, greater than 90% or greater than 95% of the saturation mass content for which saturation is reached.
• this method advantageously limits the water likely to interact with the thixotropic agent during the addition of the latter.
• the thixotropic agent present in the concentrated flame retardant product is thus available to increase the viscosity of the flame retardant product when this product is diluted.
• the thixotropic agent therefore remains substantially inactive as regards its effect on the viscosity before this dilution.
• a simple addition of water, particularly immediately before use of the flame retardant product is sufficient to activate the thixotropic agent, and thus to increase the viscosity of the flame retardant product and to increase its adhesion capacity.
• temporary shearing makes it possible to limit the viscosity of the flame retardant product during its application.
• the process reduces the amount of water available for the development of microorganisms and fungi within the concentrated flame retardant product obtained by the process, as well as the corrosion of containers in which the concentrated flame retardant product is contained.
• the invention also relates to a concentrated flame retardant product, in particular according to the invention, obtained or obtainable by the manufacturing method according to the invention.
• the invention also relates to a flame retardant product, said "diluted", preferably ready-to-use, obtained by dilution in water of a concentrated flame retardant product according to the invention, wherein the ratio of the mass of water added to the total mass of the diluted product is preferably greater than 0.8.
• the diluted flame retardant product preferably comprises more than 1% and / or less than 8% by weight of an emulsifier.
• the invention also relates to a fire extinguishing device comprising:
• a device for diluting the product from the reservoir and to the spraying device optionally, a device for diluting the product from the reservoir and to the spraying device.
• the extinguishing device may be chosen in particular from a group consisting of a fire extinguisher bomber plane, a fire extinguisher bomber helicopter, in particular of the type conventionally used for extinguishing forest fires, a fire-fighting truck, a head stationary sprinkler type sprinkler, in particular fixed on a wall or ceiling of a building.
• the invention also relates to a fire fighting method comprising the following steps:
• the fire-fighting method according to the invention may in particular be implemented by means of a fire-extinguishing device according to the invention. It can in particular be used to protect a carrier having less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10% of cellulose, in percentage by weight, or even no cellulose.
• the support may be selected from a tree, a storage tank wall, in particular hydrocarbon, a wall of a building, and waste, including household and / or industrial.
• the shear may result from mixing or simple displacement, for example in a pipe, or the passage of a nozzle.
• a “charcoal foam” is a honeycomb structure comprising more than 80%, more than 90%, or substantially 100% carbon by weight.
• a "molasses” is a residue of the sugar industry, obtained at the end of the sugar crystallization stage (in particular, sucrose, glucose or fructose).
• the sugar of a molasses is substantially non-crystallizable.
• the molasses is in the form of a saturated aqueous solution of carbohydrates. It may especially include glucose and sucrose and fructose. It generally has a minimum mass content of 30% in carbohydrates, more generally between 40% and 55%, as well as mineral salts and proteins.
• the carbohydrate mass content of a molasses can be greater than 60%.
• a molasses of sugar cane or beet respectively denotes a molasses obtained during the process for producing sucrose sugar crystallized from sugar cane or beetroot.
• a material with thixotropic rheological behavior is a material whose viscosity decreases over time when it is sheared, and whose viscosity increases and stabilizes, as a result of a rest period after stopping said shear, at a value less than or equal to its initial value before said shear.
• a "thixotropic agent" is a substance capable of modifying the rheological behavior of a material to make it thixotropic, possibly after activation by adding water.
• the thixotropic agent of a concentrated flame retardant product according to the invention has a viscosity which increases under the effect of an addition of water in the absence of shear.
• Thixotropic agents in particular those having a viscosity that increases with the addition of water in the absence of shear, are well known to those skilled in the art.
• a “saturated solution” is a liquid phase comprising a solvent, for example water, and a solute, in which an addition of compound constituting the solute no longer allows its dilution.
• a solvent for example water
• solute in which an addition of compound constituting the solute no longer allows its dilution.
• hydrated agent an agent whose molecules or ions, after aqueous dissolution, interact with the water molecules of the aqueous solution. In a saturated solution, the excess solute is not hydrated.
• viscosity of a material is meant the coefficient which relates the stress to which this material is subjected, whether it is solid or fluid, when it is sheared at a specific rate of deformation. The viscosity is expressed in Pa.s and is conventionally measured using a rheometer or a viscometer. Subsequently, the viscosity measurements were performed using a Brookfield type viscometer marketed under the name DV-I by the company LABOMAT.
• the “rotational speed” corresponds to that expressed in rotations (or “turns”) per minute (or rpm) of the Brookfield dipstick rod immersed in the solution for which the viscometer measures a viscosity.
• a “strain rate” is defined as a variation in speed with respect to a variation in length. For example, in the case of so-called planar shear, a solid or liquid product is positioned between two parallel plates separated by a height h, one of the plates being fixed, the other moving at a speed v. The rate of deformation is then equal to v / h. Subsequently, we confuse "rate of deformation” and “shear rate”. The “stress” is the force per unit area of the plate acting on the movable plate or fixed in the direction of movement of the plate.
• impurities is meant the inevitable constituents, necessarily introduced with the raw materials.
• the sugar of a carbon component is not considered “crystallizable” when it can not be crystallized by the use of processes conventionally used in the sugar industry. Such processes are for example described in the article “Extraction of beet sugar", by Alfa ARZATE, of October 27, 2005, published by the Center for research, development and technology transfer in maple syrup production, or in the article “ The extraction of sugar ", by Professor Mathlouthi and Mrs. Barbara Rogé (CEDUS file). Molasses, which still contains sugar, but in a non-crystallizable form is thus classically considered as a waste of this industry.
• the hydroxylated carbonaceous constituent may comprise a molar content of C 1 and / or O and / or H, considering only the O and H atoms in the form of hydroxyl groups OH, preferably greater than 40%, greater than 50 %, greater than 60%, greater than 70%, greater than 80%, greater than 90%, molar percentage based on the total number of moles of atoms of the hydroxylated carbon component.
• the ratio of the number of moles of hydroxyl groups OH to the number of moles of C is preferably greater than 0.2, greater than 0.5, greater than 1, greater than 2, greater than 3, and / or less than 10.
• the hydroxylated carbon component may be selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates, polyols, osamines, and mixtures thereof. It may be selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose, xylose, sorbitol, pentaerythritol and its derivatives, maltose, arabinose and mixtures thereof.
• the hydroxylated carbon component is derived from a sugar extraction process of a plant, preferably a sugar plant.
• the preferred hydroxy carbonaceous component is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose, pentaerythritol and its derivatives and mixtures thereof.
• the intumescent agent is capable of modifying the conditions of the pyrolysis of the hydroxylated carbon component and / or the materials of the support to be protected if these materials comprise a hydroxylated substance, for example cellulose, so as to cause the intumescence of the retarding product of flame.
• the intumescent agent may include a selected element in a group consisting of halogens, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and their mixtures. Preferably, it comprises a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorus and nitrogen, and mixtures thereof.
• ammonium polyphosphate di-ammonium phosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, urea phosphate, phosphate melamine, ammonium sulfate, ammonium borate and mixtures thereof.
• the preferred intumescent agent is ammonium polyphosphate.
• the amounts of hydroxylated carbon component and intumescent agent are adapted, depending on the nature of the hydroxylated carbon component and the nature of the intumescent agent so as to obtain an intumescent system capable of generating, under the effect of heat , a charcoal froth.
• the creation of an intumescent system from a hydroxylated carbon component and an intumescent agent is well known to those skilled in the art. All known intumescent systems can be used according to the present invention.
• the amounts of the hydroxy-carbonaceous component and the intumescent agent depend on their nature.
• the concentrated product may for example comprise from 2 to 40% of a hydroxylated carbon component, and from 30 to 60% of an intumescent agent.
• a concentrated product according to the invention preferably has a hydroxylated carbonaceous constituent mass content greater than 5%, greater than 10%, even greater than 12.5%, or even greater than 15% and / or less than 30%, less than 25%, less than 22.5%, or even less than 20%.
• a content by weight of hydroxylated carbon component of less than 5% does not allow the formation of a sufficient carbonaceous layer.
• a hydroxide carbon content of more than 10% by mass favors the formation of an important charcoal layer which delays the development of the fire.
• the hydroxylated carbon component content may be greater than 20%, or even greater than 25%.
• the mass content of intumescent agent is preferably greater than 35%, greater than 40%, or even greater than 50%, and / or less than 55%.
• the ratio of the mass content of intumescent agent to that of hydroxylated carbon component in the concentrated product is greater than 0.9, greater than 1.5, greater than 2, greater than 2.5, greater than 3, and / or less than 20, less than 10, less than 4.
• the thixotropic agent is capable of modifying the rheological behavior of the flame retardant product. It may be selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, gum arabic, guar gum, carob gum, bentonite, sepiolite clay, montmorillite, attapulgite, family of algae, cellulose derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, CEC, CHC), sodium polyacrylate and its derivatives, Rhodopol sold by Rhodia, and mixtures thereof.
• xanthan gum may be chosen from the group consisting of xanthan gum, gum arabic, guar gum, carob gum, sepiolite clay, montmorillite, attapulgite, the family of algae, cellulose derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, CEC, CHC), sodium polyacrylate and its derivatives, Rhodopol sold by Rhodia, and mixtures thereof.
• the preferred thixotropic agent is xanthan gum.
• the concentrated flame retardant product comprising xanthan gum is particularly well suited to combating a hydrocarbon fire, the xanthan gum particles not swelling in contact with the alcoholic compounds produced by the hydrocarbon fire.
• the diluted retarding product can thus form a carbonated foam which floats on the hydrocarbons.
• the thixotropic agent should not be fully hydrated in the flame retardant concentrate product. Preferably less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 1%, less than 0.1%, even substantially 0% by weight of the thixotropic agent is hydrated.
• the presence of the thixotropic agent modifies the rheological behavior of the flame retardant product without substantially modifying the aforementioned intumescent system.
• the intumescent system must however be present in an amount sufficient for the aqueous solution to be close to saturation, or even saturated, in order to limit the quantity of water available for the thixotropic agent.
• the product thus comprises thixotropic "free" agent, that is to say available to react with added water in order, by this reaction, to increase the viscosity of the product in the absence of shear.
• the addition of the thixotropic agent therefore has little or no effect on the viscosity.
• the amounts of thixotropic agent depend on its nature.
• the concentrated product may for example comprise from 5 to 20% of a thixotropic agent.
• the mass content of thixotropic agent is greater than 7.5%, greater than 10%, greater than 12%, and / or less than 17.5%, less than 15%.
• the constituents other than the hydroxylated carbon component, the intumescent agent and the thixotropic agent are preferably water and impurities, for example inorganic salts, for example sodium chloride NaCl.
• the amount of water is determined according to the amount and nature of the hydroxylated carbon component and the intumescent agent to ensure the presence of free thixotropic agent (activatable by addition of water).
• To manufacture the concentrated flame retardant product for example, from 5 to 30% water can be added to the sources of the hydroxylated carbon component, the intumescent agent and the thixotropic agent.
• a mass content of impurities of less than 3% impurities does not substantially modify the results.
• the mass content of impurity is less than 2%, preferably less than 1%.
• the concentrated flame retardant product according to the invention may exhibit a thixotropic and / or rheofluidizing or, preferably, Newtonian rheological behavior.
• the viscosity is substantially constant.
• the viscosity is greater than 100 cP (centipoise), greater than 300 cP, greater than 600 cP and / or less than 3000 cP, less than 2000 cP, less than 1000 cP.
• the viscosity varies from less than 20%, or even less than 10%, with respect to the maximum value of the viscosity measured over this range. rotational speeds.
• the diluted product is obtained by dilution in water of the concentrated flame retardant product according to the invention.
• a ratio of the added water mass to the total mass of the diluted product greater than 0.8 is preferable for reducing the viscosity.
• a ratio of the added water mass to the total mass of the product after dilution greater than 0.99 reduces the effectiveness of the diluted product.
• the ratio of the added water mass to the total mass of the diluted product is greater than 0.85, greater than 0.9, greater than 0.92 and / or less than 0.99, less than 0, 98, less than 0.97.
• the preferred ratio of the added water mass to the total mass of the diluted product is 0.94. Dilution by adding water in the concentrated product hydrates the available thixotropic agent. A thixotropic behavior of the diluted product can then develop.
• the ratio of the viscosity of the concentrated product to that of the diluted product, the viscosities being measured at a rotation speed of less than 4 rpm (rotations per minute) after dilution and before dilution is preferably greater than 2, greater than 5 , greater than 10, greater than 20.
• the ratio of the viscosity measured at a speed of less than 4 rpm to the viscosity measured at a speed greater than 100 rpm is preferably greater than 2, greater than 5, greater than 10 This ratio is particularly advantageous for improving the flame retardancy, because the high viscosity at rest promotes the retention of the diluted product on the supports to be protected and limits the flow to the soil of the diluted product.
• the viscosity of the diluted product measured at a rotation speed of less than or equal to 4 rpm, may be greater than the viscosity of the concentrated product measured at the same rotational speed.
• the viscosity of the diluted product at a rotation speed of less than or equal to 4 rpm is preferably greater than 800 cP, greater than 2000 cP, greater than 3000 cP, greater than 4000 cP, greater than 5000 cP and / or less than 50,000 cP. , less than 20000 cP.
• the viscosity of the diluted product measured at a speed of rotation greater than or equal to 100 rpm, may be lower than the viscosity of the precursor concentrate product at the same rotational speed.
• the viscosity at a speed of rotation greater than or equal to 100 rpm is preferably less than 700 cP, less than 500 cP, less than 300 cP and / or greater than 10 cP, greater than 20 cP.
• the thixotropic properties of the diluted product limit sedimentation and improve the preservation of the diluted product.
• the diluted flame retardant product may also comprise more than 1% and / or less than 8% by weight of an emulsifier.
• the emulsifier can be in particular a protein surfactant, that is to say which contains hydrolysed proteins, or a synthetic surfactant or an evolution of these surfactants, in particular an evolution A (resistant alcohol ), AFFF (Floating film format agent), FFFP (Protein Floating Film Primer), APPPP (Multi-Purpose Protective Film Producing Agent), AMM (Foaming Moistening Agent).
• the emulsifier can in particular fluorine. Manufacturing process
• the process for manufacturing a concentrated product according to the invention may comprise the following successive stages:
• step b) mixing a thixotropic agent with the solution obtained in step a), the solution obtained at the end of step a) being such that the total mass content of hydroxylated carbon component and intumescent agent is greater than 80%, greater than 90% or greater than 95%, preferably greater than 99%, of the saturation mass content for which saturation is reached, or even equal to or even greater than said saturation content, the thixotropic agent being chosen so that an addition of water in the solution obtained at the end of step b) increases the viscosity in the absence of shear, and for a shear applied to the solution obtained at the end of step b ) decreases the viscosity.
• a hydroxyl carbonaceous component may be in liquid form, or in the form of a powder. Preferably, it is in a liquid form, preferably in aqueous solution, preferably saturated with hydroxylated carbon component.
• a raw material comprising a preferred hydroxylated carbonaceous component is a residue derived from a sugar extraction process of a plant, preferably a sugar plant, for example a molasses.
• the raw material comprising a hydroxylated carbon component is selected from the group consisting of sugar cane molasses, beet molasses, and mixtures thereof.
• the molasses gives the concentrated flame retardant product obtained by the manufacturing method according to the invention an excellent stability.
• the raw material comprising the hydroxylated carbon component is in the form of a first liquid composition, comprising a first solvent, preferably aqueous, preferably being in water, in which is dispersed the hydroxylated carbon component.
• the hydroxyl carbonaceous constituent content of the first liquid composition is greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 99%, or even greater than the mass content from which the liquid composition is saturated with hydroxylated carbon component.
• the starting material comprising the hydroxylated carbon component is an aqueous solution containing sugars, which comprises by mass, less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, or even less than 1% of crystallizable sugars.
• the raw material comprising the hydroxylated carbon component comprises glucose and fructose and sucrose.
• the starting material comprising the hydroxyl-containing carbon component comprises, by weight, more than 30%, preferably more than 40% of hydroxylated carbon component. It may comprise more than 50% or even more than 60% or even more than 70% by weight of hydroxylated carbonaceous constituent.
• the raw material comprising the hydroxylated carbon component is a molasses.
• An intumescent and dehydrating agent may be in solid form, or in the form of a powder, or preferably in liquid form, preferably in aqueous solution, preferably saturated with intumescent agent.
• a raw material comprising an intumescent agent may be chosen, for example, from fertilizers for soil fertilization, in particular in the form of a type of fertilizer of the ammonium polyphosphate liquid solution, known as ammonium polyphosphate 10-34-0. .
• the raw material comprising the intumescent agent may comprise, by weight, less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, preferably less than 3% water, preferably less than 1% by weight. % water or even is free of water.
• the raw material comprising the intumescent agent may be a second liquid composition, comprising a second solvent, preferably aqueous, especially water, in which the intumescent agent is dissolved.
• the mass content of intumescent agent of the second composition is greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 99%, or even greater than the intumescent mass content from which the second liquid composition is saturated with intumescent agent.
• a thixotropic agent may be in the form of a powder or a liquid, preferably pasty, or a gum.
• a preferred raw material comprising a thixotropic agent is a xanthan gum.
• the person skilled in the art knows, for example by routine experiments, to choose the thixotropic agent and to regulate the quantity of thixotropic agent necessary so that the viscosity of the diluted product is adapted to its dispersion on the surfaces to be protected, so that an addition of water in the solution obtained at the end of step b) increases the viscosity in the absence of shear, and for a shear applied to the solution obtained at the end of step b ) decreases the viscosity.
• thixotropic agents may in particular be suitable.
• the thixotropic agent is xanthan gum
• its mass content in the concentrated product is greater than 5%, greater than 7.5%, greater than 10%, greater than 12%, and / or less than 17, 5%, less than 15%, less than 20%.
• the solution is prepared by mixing a raw material comprising the hydroxylated carbon component with a raw material comprising the intumescent agent.
• the raw material comprising the hydroxylated carbon component is a molasses, for example a sugarcane molasses and / or a beet molasses.
• the raw material comprising the intumescent agent is ammonium polyphosphate, for example 10-34-0 ammonium polyphosphate.
• the solution prepared in step a) is obtained by mixing a raw material comprising a hydroxylated carbon component, for example a sugarcane molasses or a beet molasses, with a raw material comprising an intumescent agent, by For example, ammonium polyphosphate 10-34-0, the ratio of the mass of the raw material comprising the intumescent agent to the mass of the starting material comprising a hydroxylated carbon component is preferably greater than 0.3, greater than 0. , 6 and / or less than 2, less than 1.6.
• a first aqueous solution is prepared by saturating it with a raw material comprising a hydroxylated carbon component, and a second solution is prepared. saturating it with a raw material comprising an intumescent agent, and mixing said first and second solutions to prepare the solution obtained in step a).
• the person skilled in the art knows how to adjust the proportions of the raw materials according to their quality so as to obtain a concentrated product according to the invention. In particular, it knows how to adjust the proportions of hydroxylated carbonaceous component and intumescent agent to obtain a concentrated product developing a charcoal foam by combustion.
• step a) less than 10%, preferably less than 3%, of free water is added in percent by weight based on the weight of the intumescent system.
• free water is meant an aqueous component comprising, by mass, more than 80%, preferably more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, or even more than 99% water.
• a diluted product according to the invention can be advantageously used in conventional extinguishing devices which shear the fire retardant products against fire at high deformation rates.
• the flame-retardant product according to the invention in particular the concentrated product, may advantageously be packaged to be made available to the fire-fighting personnel, for example in the form of containers or cans or any other means of control. easily transportable packaging, especially manually. It can, for example, be delivered to the scene of a fire in a tank towed by a truck.
• the dilution system of the extinguishing device may comprise, for example, a metering pump which delivers the desired content of concentrated product and water and a mixer to obtain a diluted product according to the invention.
• the dosing pump can be connected to the extinguishing device, for example a fire hose, for spraying the diluted product.
• the flame retardant product can be stored in a tank in dilute form, for example in the tank of a fire-fighting truck.
• the tank of the fire extinguisher can be the dropping tank of a means of a fire extinguisher airplane or fire extinguisher helicopter.
• This air means may comprise, in addition to the drop tank, a reservoir comprising the concentrated product which may be connected to the drop tank.
• a dilution can be carried out in the dropping tank, for example after filling following the landing of the extinguisher bomber airplane on a body of water.
• the extinguishing device according to the invention makes it possible to effectively fight against fire, in particular by retarding the ignition of the substances to be protected, by reducing the maximum amount of heat released during the fire, as well as the quantity total heat released by the fire.
• a flame retardant product according to the invention to a support to be protected, the user can proceed as follows:
• the chemical bonds created between the thixotropic agent and the water favor the increase of the viscosity of the diluted product.
• the user can simply observe this increase by observing the consistency of the diluted product, which goes from a substantially liquid state just after the pouring of the concentrated product and the water to a substantially pasty state within minutes of dilution.
• a spraying device for example a feed pump connected to a fire hose
• the user applies a low pressure on the diluted product which is sheared accordingly.
• the viscosity of the diluted product then decreases, a part of the chemical bonds between the thixotropic agent and the water being temporarily broken.
• the diluted product then easily passes from the tank where it is at rest to a spray orifice of the device.
• the diluted product of low viscosity is dispersed on a support to be protected, for example a tree trunk. Thanks to this low viscosity, it spreads easily on the surface of the support to cover it. The shearing speed ceases, the product then being at rest, the viscosity of the product increases by thixotropy. The adhesion of the diluted product on the support is favored. During a fire, the heat released triggers the pyrolysis of the flame retardant product. The intumescent agent reacts with the hydroxy carbonaceous component. The hydroxyl-containing carbonaceous component is dehydrated, creating a charred layer and the gas evolution resulting from the reaction favors the intumescence of this protective layer on the surface of the support to be protected.
• compositions of the concentrated products are presented in Table 1.
• the raw materials are first weighed independently. Solid raw materials containing hydroxyl carbonaceous constituents are diluted in water in a container until saturation of the aqueous solution. The 10-34-0 ammonium polyphosphate solution (APP) is then poured into the vessel. Homogenization of the mixture is then carried out using a stirrer. Table 1 shows the relative amounts of APP and saturated aqueous solution of hydroxylated carbon component poured at this stage into the vessel (APP / S column).
• APP ammonium polyphosphate solution
• the xanthan gum is added to the container containing the mixture obtained, so as to obtain the desired mass content in the concentrated product, and then the mixture is homogenized.
• the ammonium polyphosphate solution, the saturated aqueous solution of hydroxylated carbon component and the xanthan gum represent 100% of the composition of the various examples.
• Example 13 excluding the invention, are presented for comparison.
• the diluted product of Example 13 consists of a composition based on 80% of water and 20% of APP conventionally used for the fight against forest fires.
• the flame retardant product of Example 14 consists of water.
• the viscosities of the concentrated products and diluted flame retardants of the various examples are measured using a Brookfield Rheometer.
• the adhesion capacity on a support of a diluted product is estimated by measuring in grams (g) the mass deposited on a plate of 100 g of poplar wood. For this, the wooden plate is immersed vertically for 30 seconds in a container with a diluted product flame retardant and is then weighed. The increase in the mass of the wood plate before and after immersion makes it possible to evaluate the adhesion of the diluted product.
• the fire protection properties of a diluted flame retardant are evaluated as follows: a wooden plate is immersed vertically in a container with a diluted flame retardant for 30 seconds, then tested using a calorimeter cone combustor, which measures the following quantities indicative of fire protection effectiveness:
• the time at ignition TTI expressed in seconds (s) corresponds to the time since the beginning of the test, before igniting the wooden plate
• the peak PHHR expressed in kW / m 2 , corresponds to the maximum value of the calorific power released by the combustion of the wood slab
• the THR quantity of total heat released by the combustion of the wood slab expressed in kJ / m 2 .
• the calorimeter cone combustion test may, for example, be carried out using the device developed by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, United States of America).
• the combustion test is carried out as follows.
• a wood plate impregnated with a diluted flame retardant according to the protocol described above is deposited horizontally in a cup, the cup being placed on a scale which measures the loss of mass of the wooden plate as a function of time.
• the wood plate is exposed on its upper surface with a heat flux of 35 kW / m 2 generated by a heating cone, corresponding to the heat flow generated by a developing fire, which causes a rise in temperature of the wooden plate. .
• a spark is produced evenly over the irradiated surface until the wood plaque ignites.
• the ignition time TTI is measured at the moment when the first flame appears.
• the gases from the combustion are collected and analyzed by a probe located vertically above the sample and the heating cone.
• the amount of oxygen contained in the gases from the combustion is measured in order to evaluate the amount of heat released as a function of time.
• a flame retardant product is considered effective when the PHHR peak value and the THR amount are decreased, and as the TTI time increases.
• Examples 4, 9, 10 and 11 have a higher TTI time, a lower PHHR peak and a lower THR amount than those of Example 13.
• Example 8 generates a charcoal foam, but in insufficient quantity to effectively retard the development of flames.
• the invention provides a product of remarkable efficiency, easy to implement.
• the addition of water in a concentrated product according to the invention makes it possible to activate the thixotropic agent and thus to increase the viscosity in the absence of shearing, that is to say after application on the support to protect.
• the application of shear at the time of application advantageously facilitates the handling of the diluted product.
• the closed containers of the examples according to the invention do not show any sign of corrosion visible to the naked eye. Moreover, no development of microorganisms in the concentrated flame retardant product is observed. In addition, for Examples 1 to 5, 9 and 10, no settling of the constituents, and in particular of the sugars, is observed within the concentrated flame retardant product.
• an "intumescent agent capable of at least partially dehydrating the hydroxy-carbonaceous component” also covers a mixture of an intumescent product and a moisturizing product.

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