EP3569968B1 - Dispositif lanceur - Google Patents

Dispositif lanceur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3569968B1
EP3569968B1 EP19173558.8A EP19173558A EP3569968B1 EP 3569968 B1 EP3569968 B1 EP 3569968B1 EP 19173558 A EP19173558 A EP 19173558A EP 3569968 B1 EP3569968 B1 EP 3569968B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
launcher
sensor element
display device
control
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19173558.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3569968A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Bittner
Thomas Leidenberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3569968A1 publication Critical patent/EP3569968A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3569968B1 publication Critical patent/EP3569968B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41FAPPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS; LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS
    • F41F3/00Rocket or torpedo launchers
    • F41F3/04Rocket or torpedo launchers for rockets
    • F41F3/042Rocket or torpedo launchers for rockets the launching apparatus being used also as a transport container for the rocket
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41FAPPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS; LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS
    • F41F3/00Rocket or torpedo launchers
    • F41F3/04Rocket or torpedo launchers for rockets
    • F41F3/077Doors or covers for launching tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a launcher battery for a launcher device for launching ammunition or ordnance provided with incendiary charges, the launcher battery comprising a plurality of combined launch tubes which are each loaded with ammunition or ordnance and which are each closed with a cover.
  • the launcher battery comprises a plurality of launch tubes, each of which is equipped with a rocket, for example.
  • This launcher battery which is used as a prefabricated unit in a corresponding device of the launcher facility, which is mounted on a vehicle, for example, includes several, for example six, separate launch tubes. These are tightly closed with a lid to protect the ammunition that has been brought in.
  • To launch a rocket its primer is ignited, whereupon the rocket is shot out of the launch tube.
  • the problem can arise that a cover of an adjacent launch tube of the launcher battery can be damaged or destroyed by the output jet of the rocket fired in a single shot or by the ground covering being whirled up or the like. This can lead to a considerable risk due to incorrect exit balistics of the rocket assigned to this launch tube which is closed with the damaged or destroyed cover.
  • the rocket can miss its target by a considerable distance, it can leave the training area or the like, for example when training ammunition is fired.
  • the invention is therefore based on the problem of specifying a launcher battery that is improved in comparison.
  • the invention provides a device for detecting damage to the covers closing the launch tubes, the device being designed to detect light incident on the respective launch tube resulting from damage to the cover.
  • the invention also includes a launcher device with such a launcher battery.
  • launcher devices are claimed in the dependent claims and are described below together with the launcher batteries according to the invention.
  • the launcher device is characterized by a device provided on it, that is to say integrated into the device, for detecting any damage to such a cover.
  • This device can be used almost immediately after firing ammunition or a corresponding weapon to determine whether one or more adjacent covers have been affected, so that, based on this information, either further firing can be continued, or the firing of further ammunition is prohibited until a thorough check has been made or any replacement of the launcher battery has been made. Since the device automatically supplies the corresponding information immediately after firing, it is consequently possible to be able to fire quick sequences of shots if the covers are undamaged, so that this can also be done either in practice or in real life. The disadvantages mentioned at the outset are thus advantageously no longer present in the launcher device according to the invention.
  • the invention provides that the device for detecting incident light resulting from damage to the cover in the respective launch tube is trained.
  • Each launch tube is hermetically sealed, with the closure on one side being via this cap. If the cover is damaged, for example a hole is burned in or hammered in or the like, light can penetrate the respective launch tube via this damage point. This incidence of light can be ambient light when shooting during the day. But it can also be the light emitted by the burning primer of the rocket that has just been fired. If such an incidence of light is now detected by means of the light-sensitive detection device, damage detection is possible with certainty.
  • the device for detecting any incidence of light can be based on sensor elements.
  • At least one sensor element that detects incident light and communicates with a control and/or display device external to the tube is provided in each launch tube.
  • a light-sensitive sensor element is installed in the respective launch tube, which communicates in a corresponding manner with a control and/or display device external to the tube, to which the corresponding sensor data are given.
  • a continuation of the automatically controlled sealing operation is possible in the case of a connection to a control device, or an interruption in the case of a damage being recorded.
  • a corresponding visual indication, for example, of whether the closure occurred without damage or caused damage is also possible on the display device, for example a corresponding monitor.
  • an optical waveguide in each launch tube, which is connected to a sensor element that detects incident light and communicates with a control and/or display device external to the tube.
  • the sensor element is not integrated directly into the tube, but is arranged externally to the launch tube.
  • An optical fiber runs from the sensor element into the interior of the pipe. Incident light can be guided to the sensor element via this optical waveguide, which then sends a corresponding signal to the control and/or display device. At If the lid is undamaged, no signal is given so that firing can continue.
  • each optical waveguide it is conceivable for each optical waveguide to be connected to a separate sensor element.
  • each optical fiber it is sufficient if an optical waveguide is assigned to a launch tube
  • Each sensor element is then communicatively coupled to the control and/or display device in a suitable manner.
  • several or all of the optical waveguides are connected to a common sensor element. This sensor element is then able to resolve any signals from the individual optical waveguides, so that it is not only detected that a cover is damaged, but also a differentiation as to which cover is damaged.
  • a photodiode is preferably used as the sensor element, ie an electronic component that enables a very sensitive signal detection and thus a very sensitive detection of incident light.
  • the assignment of individual sensor elements to the individual launch tubes or individual optical waveguides to the individual launch tubes and thus the separate detection of the condition or functional status of each individual launch tube is particularly useful insofar as knowledge is obtained about which launch tube can no longer be used due to any damage to the cover.
  • the control device is then able, for example, to decide which of the remaining five rockets, for example, can still be launched. These firing tubes can then be controlled accordingly, the firing tube with the defective cover is no longer controlled.
  • the respective sensor element is to be arranged in the launch tube as stated, and the optical waveguide is also to be inserted into the launch tube.
  • This is expediently done on or in the pipe wall, with the sensor element or the optical waveguide preferably being arranged adjacent to the cover or opening out adjacent to the cover in the case of the optical waveguide.
  • the photodiode can, for example be used in a small indentation in the pipe wall, the optical waveguide can, for example, end flush with the pipe wall.
  • the arrangement as close as possible to the cover is expedient, as that is where the light falls, so that even very small damage or open areas where only very little light enters can still be reliably detected.
  • the sensor element or elements can communicate with the control and/or display device either by wire. This means that they are connected via a corresponding connection cable to the control and/or display device, which is provided, for example, in the driver's cab of the vehicle on which the projector device is mounted. Alternatively, wireless communication with the control and/or display device is also possible, for example via a Bluetooth connection or another wireless communication standard.
  • the logic is such that the control and/or display device clearly detects and outputs which firing tube has already been fired, so that it is also clear which sensor element signal is no longer relevant. Because sensor elements of firing tubes that have already been fired, the lids of which are inevitably open, of course permanently deliver a corresponding signal. These signals can then be correspondingly suppressed or not taken into account, so that only the signals from the sensor elements that are assigned to launch tubes that have not yet been fired are taken into account.
  • the sensor element(s) communicating by wire can be connected via connecting lines to a common connecting device which can be detachably connected to a second connecting device which is connected to the control and/or display device via a connecting line.
  • a corresponding line coupling is therefore provided.
  • connection devices can either be connected manually, which means that when the launcher battery is inserted, the corresponding connections are plugged in manually by the staff.
  • the two connection devices also automatically when inserting the launcher battery in a Battery receptacle, which is part of the launcher device, can be connected. There is therefore an automatic line coupling according to the "plug and play" principle, and any manual connection activities are not required according to this embodiment.
  • the wirelessly communicating sensor element(s) are connected to a transmitting device provided on the launcher battery, via which the sensor signals can be transmitted to the control and/or display device or a receiving device assigned to it. In this case, therefore, the communication takes place via a corresponding transmission and reception arrangement.
  • control and/or display device detecting or displaying any damage is arranged in a driver's cab of a vehicle transporting the launcher battery.
  • the driver or the shooter operating the launcher device, protected in the driver's cab, can use this to receive and process the corresponding information or, if the information content is appropriate, take action.
  • this action can be different, depending on how the firing operation is controlled. If damage to a cover is detected, further launching operations can be automatically interrupted. In this case, the control and/or display device automatically intervenes in the further shooting operation and automatically stops it. This interruption can, for example, be lifted again after a corresponding inspection by the staff and the firing can be continued or the like. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that further firing operation is manually interrupted. In this case, the shooter receives corresponding visual or textual information on the display device, for example, and can then intervene on the control side and interrupt further firing operations.
  • the invention also relates to a battery for such a launcher.
  • This comprises a plurality of chamfered launch tubes, each loaded with ammunition or ordnance, and each with are closed with a lid.
  • This launcher battery is characterized in that a device is provided for detecting damage to the covers closing the launch tubes.
  • this device is designed to detect the incidence of light in the respective launch tube resulting from damage to the cover.
  • at least one sensor element that detects incident light and communicates with a control and/or display device external to the tube can be provided in each launch tube.
  • an optical waveguide can also be arranged in or guided in each launch tube, which is connected to a sensor element that detects incident light and that in turn communicates with a control and/or display device external to the tube.
  • each optical waveguide can be connected to a separate sensor element; alternatively, several or all optical waveguides can also be connected to a common sensor element, resulting in bundling.
  • a photodiode is preferably used as the sensor element, although other light-sensitive sensor elements can also be used.
  • the sensor element or the optical waveguide is expediently arranged on or in the pipe wall, preferably adjacent to the cover, so that even a very small incidence of light can be reliably detected.
  • Communication means for wired or wireless communication with an external control and/or display device can also be assigned to the sensor element or elements. Signal communication is possible via these means of communication.
  • the sensor element(s) communicating by wire can be connected via connecting lines to a common connecting device, which can be detachably connected to a second connecting device, which can be connected via a connecting line to the control and/or Display device is connected, can be connected.
  • This wire or line connection can either be closed manually, which means that the first connection device is designed for manual connection, alternatively the first connection device can also be designed for automatic connection when the launcher battery is inserted into a battery holder.
  • the sensor elements can be connected to a transmitting device, via which the sensor signals can be transmitted to the control and/or receiving device or to a receiving device assigned to it.
  • a launcher device 1 comprising a vehicle 2, here a tracked vehicle, with an attached receiving device 3 for two launcher batteries 4 in the example shown.
  • a launcher battery is in 2 shown in an enlarged view. It comprises six separate launch tubes 5, each, see for example 3 , Are equipped with ammunition 6, a rocket 7 in the example shown.
  • the launch tubes 5 are hermetically sealed on both sides with corresponding covers 8, ie hermetically sealed, so that the ammunition 6 is protected.
  • Such a launcher battery 4 is placed with its rear end 9 ahead in the corresponding receptacle 3 coming from the front, i.e. in 2 Coming from the right, used, that is, in the insertion position, the cover 8 above the rocket 7, see 1 , exposed to the right. Firing is also done towards this side. This means that when a rocket is fired from one of the launch tubes 5, it exits to the right. This inevitably means that the launch jet of the rocket 7 hits the adjacent covers 8 of the launch tubes 5 that have not yet been fired, or floor covering whirled up during launch, etc. This can result in one of the still intact covers 8 being damaged, so that the Firing of the rocket 7 introduced in this launch tube 5 can be problematic.
  • each launch tube 5 is provided with a device 10 for detecting damage to the respective cover 8 closing the launch tube 5 in the firing direction.
  • a device 10 for detecting damage to the respective cover 8 closing the launch tube 5 in the firing direction.
  • This device 10 is designed to block any incidence of light in the launch tube 5 capture. Such an incidence of light can only be given by damage to the cover 8 after the preceding firing of a rocket from the corresponding launcher battery 4 . If any incidence of light in the associated launch tube 5 is detected by the device 10, it can be assumed with certainty that the corresponding cover 8 is damaged, whereupon action can then be taken.
  • FIG. 4 shows a first exemplary embodiment of such a device 10. Shown is the launch tube 5 and the attached cover 8, which sits hermetically sealed on the launch tube 5.
  • a sensor element 12 is inserted in a bore 11 adjacent to the cover 8, comprising a photodiode 13, which is directed toward the interior of the tube.
  • the sensor element 12 is hermetically sealed, that is, it is accommodated in the bore 11 so as to prevent any incidence of light.
  • the sensor element 12 can be connected via a connecting line 14 with an associated connector plug 15 to a connection device (not shown in detail) via which wired or wireless communication is then established with a control and/or display device 16, which is only shown here as an example and which, for example, controls the automatic firing mode , possible.
  • connecting plug 15 it is also possible to route the connecting line 14 to a transmitting device 17, shown here only in dashed lines, via which the signal from the sensor element 12 can be transmitted wirelessly to the control and/or display device 16. Both wired and wireless communication operation is possible.
  • figure 5 shows an alternative of a corresponding detection device 10.
  • the launch tube 5 and the cover 8 are again shown.
  • the optical waveguide 18 is coupled to a sensor element 20 here. Any light captured via the optical waveguide 18, which as mentioned can only penetrate if the cover 8 is damaged, is thus passed via the optical waveguide 18 to the sensor element 20, for example again comprising one or more photodiodes.
  • This sensor element 20 can now in turn be connected to a connecting plug 15 via a connecting line 14 or alternatively, as shown in dashed lines, with a transmission device 17 for wireless communication with the control and/or display device 16, which is only shown here as an example.
  • optical waveguides 18 open out at the sensor element 20.
  • a separate optical waveguide 18 is assigned to each launch tube 5, which means that in this embodiment the optical waveguides 18 of all, for example, six launch tubes 5 of a launcher battery 4 are bundled and routed to a common sensor element 20.
  • This is designed in such a way that it can resolve exactly which optical waveguide 18 the signal comes from, ie which launch tube 5 is associated with it.
  • the resolution on the part of the sensor element 20 or also on the part of the control and/or display device 16 is such that it can be detected which firing tube 5 was fired, ie which is missing the cover 8 and which has not yet been fired.
  • this sensor signal can be suppressed in this way and only the signals from the firing tubes 5 that have not yet been fired can be taken into account. If an incidence of light is detected in relation to a launch tube 5 that has not yet been fired, damage can again be reliably detected.
  • each launch tube 5 is provided with a sensor element 12, i.e. a separate photodiode or the like, with the respective sensor element 12 being connected via a connecting line 14 to a connecting plug 15 connected is.
  • the connecting plugs 15 are attached in bundles to a connection device 21 .
  • This connecting device 21 is now used as an interface for connecting a further connecting line 22, which is routed to the control and/or display device 16, for example. It is therefore provided as a pure line connection for communicating the corresponding sensor signals.
  • a transmission device 17 into the connection device 21, via which wireless communication with the control and/or display device 16 can take place.
  • FIG. 7 shows the design of an alternative launcher battery 4, again comprising three launch tubes 5, each of which is hermetically sealed via the cover 8.
  • an optical waveguide 18 is inserted into the launch tube 5 in each case.
  • the optical waveguides 18 are bundled and end in a common coupling or plug connector 23 which is connected to a connection device 21 .
  • the sensor element 20 is assigned here, which carries out the corresponding signal detection and, if necessary, also resolution and assignment to the individual launch tubes 5 .
  • a connecting line 22 leads from the connection device 21 and is used to connect to the control and/or display device 16 .
  • a transmission device for wireless communication of the corresponding sensor signals detected by the sensor element 20 or also resolved and assigned in a pipe-specific manner to the control and/or display device 16 can also be integrated here, shown in dashed lines.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic illustration of a launcher device 1, in which two launcher batteries 4, here each comprising four launch tubes 5, are accommodated in the receptacle 3 by way of example. These launch tubes 5 are all equipped with the appropriate devices 10 for cap damage detection.
  • a corresponding connecting device 21 is provided on the battery side in each case, which is connected via corresponding connecting lines 26 to a second connecting device 27 provided on the receptacle 3, which, for example, includes the actual evaluation electronics.
  • a further connection line 28 leads from this second connection device 27 to the control and/or display device 16 .
  • this is accommodated in the driver's cab 24, in which a person P operating the launcher device 1, for example, is seated.
  • the person P sitting in the driver's cab can, for example, be given an optical signal display on the corresponding display device, which indicates any damage, or which also permanently displays the functionality of the launcher batteries 4 or the like.
  • the control and/or display device 16 itself may be able to intervene automatically in the turret operation if damage is detected, i.e. to interrupt it, i.e. the control and/or display device 16 is either additionally designed to control the entire launcher operation, or it communicates with a corresponding control device that performs this.
  • a preferably wireless communication link to an external control station 25 is also possible, at which, for example, an optical signal check on a corresponding display is possible. In this way, a corresponding signal can also be recorded from an external location.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Batterie de lanceurs pour un dispositif lanceur destiné à tirer une munition (6) ou un agent de combat pourvu de compositions d'amorçage, la batterie de lanceurs comportant plusieurs tubes de lancement (5) assemblés, qui sont respectivement chargés avec une munition (6) ou un agent de combat et qui sont respectivement fermés avec un couvercle (8),
    un dispositif (10) destiné à détecter un endommagement du couvercle (8) qui ferme les tubes de lancement (5) étant présent,
    caractérisée en ce
    que le dispositif (10) est configuré pour détecter une incidence de lumière dans le tube de lancement (5) respectif résultant d'un endommagement du couvercle (8).
  2. Batterie de lanceurs selon la revendication 1, caractérisée qu'au moins un élément détecteur (12) détectant une incidence de la lumière est présent dans chaque tube de lancement (5).
  3. Batterie de lanceurs selon la revendication 1, caractérisée qu'une fibre optique (18) est disposée dans chaque tube de lancement (5) ou introduite dans celui-ci, laquelle est reliée à un élément détecteur (20) détectant une incidence de la lumière.
  4. Batterie de lanceurs selon la revendication 3, caractérisée que chaque fibre optique (18) est reliée à un élément détecteur (20) séparé ou en ce que plusieurs ou la totalité des fibres optiques (18) sont reliées à un élément détecteur (20) commun.
  5. Batterie de lanceurs selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisée que l'élément détecteur (12) ou la fibre optique (18) est disposé contre ou dans la paroi de tube.
  6. Batterie de lanceurs selon la revendication 5, caractérisée que l'élément détecteur (12) ou la fibre optique (18) est disposé adjacent au couvercle (8) ou débouche de manière adjacente au couvercle (8).
  7. Dispositif lanceur comprenant une batterie de lanceurs selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un élément détecteur (12) détectant une incidence de la lumière est présent dans chaque tube de lancement (5), lequel communique avec un dispositif de commande et/ou d'affichage (16) externe au tube.
  8. Dispositif lanceur comprenant une batterie de lanceurs selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une fibre optique (18) est disposée dans chaque tube de lancement (5) ou introduite dans celui-ci, laquelle est reliée à un élément détecteur (20) détectant une incidence de la lumière, lequel communique avec un dispositif de commande et/ou d'affichage (16) externe au tube.
  9. Dispositif lanceur selon l'une des revendications 7 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments détecteurs (12, 20) communiquent de manière filaire ou sans fil avec le dispositif de commande et/ou d'affichage (16).
  10. Dispositif lanceur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments détecteurs (12, 20) communiquant de manière filaire ou sans fil sont connectés par le biais de lignes de connexion (14) à un dispositif de raccordement (21) commun, lequel peut être connecté de manière amovible à un deuxième dispositif de raccordement (27), lequel est connecté au dispositif de commande et/ou d'affichage (16) par le biais d'une ligne de connexion (28).
  11. Dispositif lanceur selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les deux dispositifs de raccordement (21, 27) sont à connecter manuellement, ou en ce que les deux dispositifs de raccordement (21, 27) peuvent être connectés automatiquement lors de l'introduction de la batterie de lanceurs (4) dans un logement de batterie.
  12. Dispositif lanceur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments détecteurs (12, 20) communiquant de manière filaire ou sans fil sont connectés à un dispositif d'émission (17) présent sur la batterie de lanceurs, par le biais duquel les signaux de capteur peuvent être transmis au dispositif de commande et/ou d'affichage (16) ou à un dispositif de réception associé à celui-ci.
EP19173558.8A 2018-05-17 2019-05-09 Dispositif lanceur Active EP3569968B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018003958.8A DE102018003958A1 (de) 2018-05-17 2018-05-17 Werfereinrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3569968A1 EP3569968A1 (fr) 2019-11-20
EP3569968B1 true EP3569968B1 (fr) 2023-04-19

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US (1) US10746503B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3569968B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018003958A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019007557A1 (de) * 2019-10-30 2021-05-06 Mbda Deutschland Gmbh Modulares Flugkörperstartsystem zum Starten von Flugkörpern von einer mobilen Plattform aus
DE102019007554B3 (de) * 2019-10-30 2020-12-31 Mbda Deutschland Gmbh Flugkörperstartsystem zum Starten von Flugkörpern von einer mobilen Plattform aus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2946002A1 (de) * 1979-11-14 1981-05-27 British Aerospace, Weybridge, Surrey Abschussvorrichtung fuer flugkoerper
US4373420A (en) * 1980-10-06 1983-02-15 General Dynamics, Pomona Division Combustion suppressor
GB2290856B (en) * 1983-09-07 1996-06-26 Royal Ordnance Plc Missile storage apparatus
US6230604B1 (en) * 1997-01-14 2001-05-15 United Defense, L.P. Concentric canister launcher
US6152011A (en) * 1998-01-27 2000-11-28 Lockheed Martin Corp. System for controlling and independently firing multiple missiles of different types
JPH11287598A (ja) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 飛しょう体離脱検知装置
US7624669B2 (en) * 2005-05-03 2009-12-01 Lockheed Martin Corporation Apparatus comprising a passively-actuated snubber
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DE102008022867B4 (de) * 2008-05-08 2010-01-21 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Flugkörperkanister
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US8950308B2 (en) * 2011-03-23 2015-02-10 Advanced Materials And Devices, Inc. Forward closure system
EP2506228B1 (fr) * 2011-03-28 2015-05-06 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni Dispositif capteur anti-intrusion de récipient
DE102014004377B4 (de) * 2014-03-26 2017-07-27 Airbus Operations Gmbh Transportgutüberwachung

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Publication number Publication date
US20190353453A1 (en) 2019-11-21
DE102018003958A1 (de) 2019-11-21
US10746503B2 (en) 2020-08-18
EP3569968A1 (fr) 2019-11-20

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