EP3562318A1 - Procede de traitement d'insectes comprenant la separation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes a l'aide d'un separateur a bande - Google Patents
Procede de traitement d'insectes comprenant la separation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes a l'aide d'un separateur a bandeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3562318A1 EP3562318A1 EP17825882.8A EP17825882A EP3562318A1 EP 3562318 A1 EP3562318 A1 EP 3562318A1 EP 17825882 A EP17825882 A EP 17825882A EP 3562318 A1 EP3562318 A1 EP 3562318A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- fraction
- insects
- powder
- soft part
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/02—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from meat
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/04—Animal proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of treating insects.
- the invention also relates to powders, in particular a powder that can be obtained by the insect treatment method according to the invention, and the use of these powders in food, especially in animal feed.
- Powders made from animals have long been used in animal feed.
- fish meal which is one of the main sources of protein in animal feed.
- Fishmeal is very rich in animal protein (rich in amino acids such as lysine and methionine) that are easy to digest.
- a growing demand accompanied by a limited supply has resulted, in particular, in significantly increasing its price.
- Insect flours offer natural protein sources for replacement and the possibility of mass production with minimal ecological footprint.
- some beetles such as Tenebrio molitor, have the advantage of being suitable for intensive mass production.
- application WO2016 / 108037 describes in particular a coleopteran powder comprising at least 67% by weight of proteins and at least 5% by weight of chitin, which can be used in animal feed.
- chitin means any type of chitinic derivative, that is to say of a polysaccharide derivative comprising N-acetylglucosamine units and D-glucosamine units, in particular the chitin-polypeptide copolymers (sometimes referred to as “chitin-polypeptide composite”). These copolymers may also be associated with pigments, often of the melanin type.
- Chitin is the second most synthesized polymer in the world after cellulose. Indeed, chitin is synthesized by many species of the living world: it is partly the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects and the side wall that surrounds and protects mushrooms. More particularly, in insects, chitin thus constitutes 3 to 60% of their exoskeleton.
- chitin is generally considered a compound difficult to digest by some animals.
- the invention thus relates to a method of treating insects comprising separating the cuticles from the soft part of the insects, wherein the separation is carried out by means of a band separator.
- insects means insects at any stage of development, such as adult, larval, or pupal stage.
- the cuticle is the outer layer (or exoskeleton) secreted by the epidermis of insects. It usually consists of three layers: the epicuticle, the exocuticle and the endocuticle.
- soft part refers to the flesh (including muscles and viscera) and the juice (including body fluids, water and haemolymph) of the insects. In particular, the soft part does not consist in the juice of insects.
- insects used in the process according to the invention are in a larval stage.
- insects used in the process according to the invention are edible.
- the preferred insects for carrying out the process according to the invention are, for example, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Boletoptera, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Ephemeroptera and moptera, preferably beetles, Diptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera or mixtures thereof, more preferably beetles.
- the beetles preferentially used in the process according to the invention belong to the families Tenebrionidae, Melolonthidae, Dermestidae, Coccinellidae, Cerambycidae, Carabidae, Buprestidae, Cetoniidae, Dryophthoridae, or their mixtures.
- these are the following beetles: Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Zophobas morio, Tenebrio obscurus, Tribolium castaneum and Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, or mixtures thereof.
- band separator is meant a device for separating the solid portion of the soft portion of a product, and which comprises a clamping band (or pressing belt) and a perforated drum.
- step 2 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention The separation of the cuticles from the soft part of the insects is more fully described in step 2 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention hereinafter.
- the cuticles obtained at the end of this separation step has a high chitin content of the order of 10 to 30% by weight on the total weight of cuticles, as indicated below.
- the step of separating cuticles from the soft part is carried out without any prior step of grinding insects, particularly in the form of particles, has been performed.
- the insect treatment method according to the invention may furthermore comprise a stage of maturation of the soft part of the insects.
- stage of maturation of the soft part of the insects it is more particularly a step during which the soft part of the insects is subjected to agitation.
- step 3 is more fully described in step 3 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention hereinafter.
- the insect treatment method according to the invention may therefore comprise:
- the insect treatment method according to the invention comprises a step of separating the soft part of the insects into an oily fraction, a solid fraction and an aqueous fraction.
- the oily fraction has a lipid content greater than or equal to 90%, preferably greater than or equal to 95%, even more preferably greater than or equal to 99% by weight relative to the total weight of the oily fraction.
- the solid fraction has a dry matter content of between 45 and 65% by weight relative to the total weight of solid fraction.
- the aqueous fraction has a carbohydrate content of between 15 and 40% by weight, preferably between 20 and 30% by weight, relative to the total dry weight of the aqueous fraction.
- the aqueous fraction has a solids content of less than or equal to 20% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 15% by weight. % by weight on the total weight of aqueous fraction.
- step 4 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention is more fully described in step 4 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention hereinafter.
- the insect treatment method according to the invention may comprise a slaughtering step prior to the step of separating the cuticles from the soft part.
- the insects are directly used for the implementation of step 2 of separating the cuticles from the soft part of the insects, that is to say that the insects are not subjected to no treatment, such as grinding, freezing or dehydration between step 1 and step 2.
- step 1 of the detailed method of treating insects according to the invention hereinafter.
- the method of treating insects according to the invention comprises, after the separation of the soft part into an oily fraction, a solid fraction and an aqueous fraction, a concentration step of the aqueous fraction, to obtain a concentrated aqueous fraction.
- step 5 is more fully described in step 5 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention hereinafter.
- the insect treatment method according to the invention further comprises a step of mixing the solid fraction:
- step 6 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention is more fully described in step 6 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention hereinafter.
- the insect treatment method according to the invention comprises a step of drying the solid fraction or mixture to obtain a fraction. dry solid or dry mix.
- step 7 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention is more fully described in step 7 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention hereinafter.
- the insect treatment method according to the invention further comprises a step of grinding the dry solid fraction or the dry mixture.
- step 8 is more fully described in step 8 of the detailed insect treatment method according to the invention hereinafter.
- the process according to the invention is carried out without it being necessary to add a solvent, such as water.
- a solvent such as water.
- no dilution of the soft part is performed during the process according to the invention.
- this is a process for preparing a powder, and especially an insect powder, and comprises the following steps:
- step viii) grinding the dry solid fraction or the dry mixture obtained in step vii).
- This slaughtering stage 1 may advantageously be carried out by thermal shock, such as boiling or bleaching.
- This step 1 makes it possible to kill the insects while lowering the microbial load (reduction of the risk of deterioration and health) and by inactivating the internal enzymes of the insects that can trigger an autolysis, and thus a rapid browning of these.
- insects preferably larvae
- the water is at a temperature between 87 to 100 ° C, preferably 92 to 95 ° C.
- the quantity of water introduced during scalding is determined as follows: the ratio of the volume of water in ml to the weight in g of insect is preferably between 0.3 and 10, more preferably between 0 and 10. , 5 and 5, still more preferably between 0.7 and 3, even more preferably of the order of 1.
- insects preferably larvae
- water or steam nozzles or steam bed
- water or steam nozzles or steam bed
- the residence time in the bleaching chamber is between 5 seconds and 15 minutes, preferably between 1 and 7 min.
- the insects are directly used for the implementation of step 2 of separating the cuticles from the soft part of the insects, that is to say that the insects are not subjected to no treatment, such as grinding, freezing or dehydration between step 1 and step 2.
- Step 2 Separation of cuticles from the soft part of the insects This step is carried out using a band separator and aims to separate the cuticles from the soft part of the insects.
- a belt separator may comprise a clamping band and a perforated drum, the clamping band surrounding at least a portion of the perforated drum.
- the clamping band allows the application and application of the insects against the perforated drum so that the soft part of the insects passes through the perforations of the drum by pressure while the cuticles remain outside the drum. .
- the cuticles can then be recovered using a scraper knife.
- band separators from Baader such as 601 to 607 (“soft separator 601 to 607") band separators, or BFD Corporation's SEPAmatic® belt separators ( range 410 to 4000V).
- the diameter of the perforations of the drum is between 0.5 and 3 mm, preferably between 1 and 2 mm.
- the skilled person is able to determine the pressure to be exerted for the separation of cuticles from the soft part of the insects.
- This insect separation step differs from a conventional pressing that can be achieved for example with a single-screw or twin-screw press in that it allows a separation (net) of the soft part and cuticles of insects and not a separation of a juice from a solid fraction.
- the cuticles obtained in step 2 comprise between 10 and 30%, preferably between 15 and 25% by weight of chitin, on the total dry weight of cuticles.
- the determination of the chitin content is carried out by extraction thereof.
- the determination of the chitin content is carried out by extraction thereof.
- a method of determining chitin that can be used is ADAC 991 .43.
- the cuticles comprise less than 25%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, even more preferably less than 3% by weight of lipids on the total dry weight of the cuticles.
- the cuticles comprise between 55 and 90%, advantageously between 60 and 85%, preferably between 65 and 80% by weight of proteins on the total dry weight of cuticles.
- proteins refers to the amount of crude protein. Quantification of the crude proteins is well known to those skilled in the art. By way of example, mention may be made of the Dumas method or the Kjeldhal method. Preferably, the Kjeldhal method is used.
- the cuticles comprise between 0.5 and 30%, advantageously between 1 and 20%, preferably between 5 and 15% by weight of carbohydrates on the total dry weight of cuticles.
- the carbohydrate content was calculated by measuring the difference in carbohydrates. According to this method, the carbohydrate content is equal to the dry matter content to which the ash, protein and lipid content are subtracted.
- the cuticles preferably comprise at least 0.08% by weight, more preferably at least 0.1% by weight, more preferably at least 0.12% by weight of trehalose on the total dry weight of cuticles.
- the amount of trehalose is determined by GC-MS analysis. Such an analysis is more fully described in Example 1 below.
- the soft part obtained in step 2 comprises between 20 and 50% by weight of lipids, preferably between 30 and 40% by weight of lipids on the total dry weight of the soft part.
- the soft part comprises at least 45%, preferably at least 48%, more preferably at least 50% by weight of protein on the total dry weight of the soft part.
- the soft part of the insects is then, optionally, stirred in a tank.
- the maturation is carried out for a period of time between
- the maturation is carried out at a temperature between 65 and ⁇ ⁇ ' ⁇ , preferably between 85 and 100 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of about 90 ° C.
- This step facilitates the separation of the soft part of the insects in step 4 below.
- the method according to the invention comprises such a step.
- this maturation step is immediately followed by the step of separating the soft part into a solid fraction, an aqueous fraction and an oily fraction.
- Step 4 Separation of the soft part into a solid fraction, an aqueous fraction and an oily fraction
- This step aims to recover three fractions from the soft part of insects obtained in step 2 or 3, namely a solid fraction, an aqueous fraction, and an oily fraction.
- this step of separating the soft part is performed in two sub-steps.
- the soft part of the insects is decanted using a 2-phase decanter, so as to obtain a solid fraction and a liquid fraction.
- the liquid fraction is subjected to centrifugation, so as to recover an oily fraction and an aqueous fraction.
- a plate centrifuge is used.
- step 4 the soft part of the insects is subjected to decantation using a 3-phase decanter, so as to obtain directly an aqueous fraction, an oily fraction and a solid fraction.
- Suitable 3-phase decanters are, for example, the Flottweg Tricanter®, or the 3-phase decanters of GEA, such as the CA 225-03-33 clarifier.
- the separation of the soft part is performed according to the second embodiment.
- the use of a 3-phase decanter makes it possible to obtain particularly effective phase separation.
- the solid fraction obtained has a high content of dry matter, the aqueous fraction has little insoluble sediment (from the solid fraction) and oil, and the oily fraction has little insoluble sediment (from the solid fraction ) and water.
- Step 5 Concentration of the aqueous fraction
- the aqueous fraction obtained in step 4 is then optionally concentrated to obtain a concentrated aqueous fraction.
- the concentration is carried out by evaporation.
- the evaporation is carried out at a temperature between 30 and 100 ° C, preferably between 60 and 80 ° C.
- the evaporation is carried out at a pressure of between 50 and 1013 mbar, preferably at 1013 mbar.
- the evaporation is preferably carried out for a period of between 5 and 20 minutes.
- the concentration is preferably carried out using a falling film evaporator, a rising water plate evaporator, or a thin film evaporator.
- This type of standard equipment can be used without encountering fouling problem, thanks to the small amount of sediment present in the aqueous fraction.
- the aqueous fractions can not be concentrated beyond 42% dry matter, because they tend to gel (glue water) from this concentration.
- the aqueous fraction comprises soluble proteins of small size (at least 45%, preferably at least 60% of the soluble proteins of the aqueous fraction have a size of less than 550 g / mol, as more fully described hereinafter), which makes it possible to avoid gelling and thus to obtain an aqueous fraction with a high concentration of dry matter (up to 70%) and having a viscosity of less than 30,000 cPs (centipoise).
- soluble proteins is meant, among the crude proteins, those which are soluble in an aqueous solution whose pH is between 6 and 8, advantageously between 7.2 and 7.6.
- the aqueous solution is a buffer solution whose pH is between 6 and 8, advantageously between 7.2 and 7.6.
- the buffer solution is an NaCl phosphate buffer solution, whose pH is equal to 7.4 +/- 0.2.
- concentration step of the aqueous fraction has a double interest because it allows:
- Step 6 Melting of the concentrated aqueous fraction and / or cuticles with the solid fraction
- All or part of the cuticles obtained in step 2 and / or all or part of the concentrated aqueous fraction obtained in step 5 can / may be optionally mixed with the solid fraction obtained in step 4 to obtain a mixed.
- the mixture is homogenized so as to facilitate its subsequent treatment.
- Mixers that can be used are, for example, conical screw mixers, such as those from the company Vrieco-Nauta®, or pendulum mixers, such as those from the company PMS.
- Step 7 Drying of the solid fraction obtained in step 4 or of the mixture obtained in step 6
- the solid fraction obtained in step 4 or the mixture obtained in step 6 can be dried to obtain a dry solid fraction or a dry mixture.
- the drying is carried out using a disk dryer, a tubular dryer, a propeller dryer, a flash type dryer, a thin film dryer or an atomization dryer.
- the drying is carried out using a disk or tubular dryer.
- Suitable tubular dryers are for example those of Tummers (Simon Dryers Technology).
- Suitable disk dryers are, for example, those of Haarslev.
- the drying can be carried out between 1 and 10 hours, preferably between 3 and 5 hours.
- drying is carried out at a temperature between 60 and 225 ⁇ €, preferably between 80 and 100 ° C.
- the evaporation is carried out at atmospheric pressure.
- Step 8 Grinding of the dry solid fraction or of the dry mixture obtained in step 7
- powder is obtained.
- powder is meant a composition in the form of particles.
- the powder according to the invention is an insect powder, that is to say say a powder prepared only from insects and possibly water.
- a mill such as a hammer mill or a cone mill (such as cone mills (“Kek cone mills”) from Kemutec) can for example be used.
- the particle size is less than 0.5 cm (larger particle size observable using a microscope), preferably of the order of 1 mm. More particularly, the particle size is between 300 ⁇ and 1 mm, even more preferentially between 500 and 800 ⁇ .
- particle size acceptable for human or animal consumption When the powder is milled to a particle size acceptable for human or animal consumption, it may be referred to as “flour” and in particular “insect meal” ("insect meal”).
- particle size acceptable for human or animal nutrition a particle size of between 100 ⁇ and 1.5 mm is preferred, preferably between 300 ⁇ and 1 mm, more preferably between 500 and 800 ⁇ .
- the invention also relates to the products resulting from the process according to the invention.
- the invention further relates to a solid fraction obtainable by the insect treatment method according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a solid fraction comprising at least 71% by weight of proteins and between 0.1 and 2% by weight of chitin, the percentages by weight being indicated on the total dry weight of the solid fraction.
- the solid fraction comprises at least 73% by weight, more preferably at least 74% by weight, still more preferably at least 75% by weight of proteins, the percentages by weight being indicated on the total dry weight of solid fraction.
- the solid fraction comprises between 0.5 and 1, 7% by weight of chitin on the total dry weight of solid fraction.
- the solid fraction comprises between 5 and 17% by weight of lipids, preferably between 10 and 15% by weight of lipids, on the total dry weight of solid fraction.
- the solid fraction comprises between 1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 2 and 6% by weight of ash, on the total dry weight of solid fraction.
- the method of determining the ash content is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the ashes have been determined according to the method falling under the EC Regulation 152/2009 of 27-01-2009.
- the solid fraction preferably comprises between 5 and 15% by weight, more preferably between 7 and 13% by weight of carbohydrates on the total dry weight of solid fraction.
- the solid fraction preferably comprises at least 0.2% by weight, more preferably at least 0.3% by weight, still more preferably at least 0.35% by weight, still more preferably at least 0.5% by weight. by weight and even more preferably at least 0.7% by weight of trehalose on the total dry weight of solid fraction.
- the digestibility of proteins in humans and animals is strongly conditioned by the size of the proteins.
- the solid fraction comprises soluble proteins whose size is sufficiently small to facilitate the digestion of the animals.
- At least 75%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 85% of the soluble proteins of the solid fraction have a size less than or equal to 12400 g / mol.
- At least 55%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 65% of the soluble proteins of the solid fraction have a size of less than 550 g / mol.
- the invention also relates to an aqueous fraction that can be obtained by the insect treatment method according to the invention.
- the invention further relates to an aqueous fraction comprising at least 48% by weight of proteins, at least 2% by weight of trehalose, and having a lipid content of less than 7% by weight, the percentages by weight being indicated on the weight total dry of the aqueous fraction.
- the aqueous fraction comprises at least 55% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, still more preferably at least 65% by weight of protein, relative to the total dry weight of the aqueous fraction.
- the aqueous fraction comprises at least 2.5% by weight, more preferably at least 3% by weight of trehalose on the total dry weight of the aqueous fraction.
- the aqueous fraction has a lipid content of less than 6% by weight, more preferably less than 4% by weight, even more preferably less than 2% by weight, relative to the total dry weight of the aqueous fraction.
- the aqueous fraction comprises between 5% and 20% by weight of ash, preferably between 7% and 15% by weight of ash on the total dry weight of the aqueous fraction.
- the aqueous fraction comprises less than 2% by weight of insoluble sediments, preferably less than 1% by weight of insoluble sediments, preferably less than 0.5% by weight of insoluble sediments on the total weight of the aqueous fraction.
- the aqueous fraction does not contain chitin.
- the aqueous fraction has soluble proteins whose size is sufficiently small to facilitate digestion of the animals.
- At least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 97% of the soluble proteins of the aqueous fraction have a size less than or equal to 12400 g / mol.
- At least 45%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 53%, preferably at least 60% of the soluble proteins of the aqueous fraction have a size of less than 550 g / mol.
- the aqueous fraction has a dry matter content of between 5 and 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the aqueous fraction.
- the concentrated aqueous fraction When concentrated, the concentrated aqueous fraction has a dry matter content of between 55 and 75% by weight relative to the total weight of concentrated aqueous fraction.
- the invention also relates to a concentrated aqueous fraction that can be obtained by the insect treatment method according to the invention, said treatment process then comprising the optional concentration step.
- the invention further relates to an oily fraction obtainable by the insect treatment method according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a powder obtainable by the insect treatment method comprising the following steps:
- the concentration of the aqueous fraction optionally, the concentration of the aqueous fraction
- This insect treatment method may further comprise one or more of the features described above.
- the invention relates more particularly to a powder that can be obtained by the process for preparing a powder, and in particular an insect powder, according to the invention, as described above.
- the optional steps 5 and / or 6 of the insect treatment process according to the invention namely the concentration step of the aqueous fraction and the mixing step of all or part of the cuticle and / or all or part of the concentrated aqueous fraction, with the solid fraction, is / are or is / are not used and, where appropriate, according to the conditions of their implementation, different powders can be obtained.
- the invention also relates to a powder, and in particular an insect powder, comprising at least 71% by weight of proteins and between 0.1 and 4% by weight of chitin, the percentages by weight being indicated on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder has a protein content greater than or equal to 72% by weight, more preferably greater than or equal to 74% by weight, still more preferably greater than or equal to 75% by weight, relative to the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder has a chitin content of between 0.5 and 3% by weight, more preferably between 0.8 and 2% by weight, even more preferably between 0.8 and 1.7% by weight on the total dry weight of powder.
- This powder preferably comprises between 5 and 20% by weight, preferably between 7 and 17% by weight of lipids, on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder comprises between 1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 2 and 6% by weight of ash, on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder preferably comprises between 3 and 20% by weight of carbohydrates on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder preferably comprises at least 0.1% by weight, more preferably at least 0.2% by weight of trehalose on the total dry weight of powder.
- This powder comprises at least 71% by weight of proteins and between 0.1 and 2% by weight of chitin, the percentages by weight being indicated on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder has a protein content greater than or equal to
- this powder has a chitin content of between 0.5 and 1.7% by weight of chitin, based on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder comprises between 5 and 17% by weight, preferably between 10 and 15% by weight of lipids, relative to the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder comprises between 1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 2 and 6% by weight of ash, on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder preferably comprises between 5 and 15% by weight, more preferably between 7 and 13% by weight of carbohydrates on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder preferably comprises at least 0.2% by weight, more preferably at least 0.3% by weight, still more preferably at least 0.35% by weight of trehalose on the total dry weight of powder.
- the invention therefore also relates to a powder, and in particular an insect powder, comprising at least 65% by weight of proteins, at least 10% by weight of carbohydrates and between 0.1 and 2% by weight of chitin, the percentages by weight being indicated on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder has a protein content greater than or equal to 70% by weight, more preferably greater than or equal to 74% by weight, relative to the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder has a chitin content of between 0.2 and 1.5% by weight, more preferably between 0.5 and 1.3% by weight, relative to the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder has a carbohydrate content greater than or equal to 12% by weight, more preferably greater than or equal to 14% by weight, relative to the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder preferably comprises at least 0.7% by weight, more preferably at least 0.9% by weight, even more preferably at least 1% by weight, and even more preferably at least 1.2% by weight. of trehalose on the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder comprises between 5 and 15% by weight, preferably between 7 and 13% by weight of lipids, relative to the total dry weight of powder.
- this powder comprises between 3 and 10% by weight, preferably between 4 and 8% by weight of ash, relative to the total dry weight of powder.
- the residual moisture content of the powders according to the invention is between 2 and 15%, preferably between 5 and 10%, more preferably between 4 and 8%.
- This humidity level can for example be determined according to the method resulting from the EC regulation 152/2009 of 27-01-2009 (103 ° C I 4 h).
- the proteins of the powders according to the invention have a digestibility greater than or equal to 85% by weight relative to the total weight of crude proteins.
- Digestibility is a pepsic digestibility measured by the method described in Directive 72/199 / EC.
- the digestibility is greater than or equal to 88%, more preferably greater than or equal to 92%.
- the invention furthermore relates to the use of an aqueous fraction according to the invention, a concentrated aqueous fraction according to the invention, or a powder comprising at least 65% of proteins, at least 10% by weight of carbohydrates. and between 0.1 and 2% by weight of chitin according to the invention described above, as a flavor, advantageously in the animal feed.
- the invention finally relates to the use of a powder according to the invention in food, preferably in animal feed.
- Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the detailed method of treating insects according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows two photographs of the soft part, on the one hand at the outlet of the reactor after the maturation step ( Figure A) and secondly, after centrifugation to separate the phases ( Figure B);
- Figure 3 is a standard curve used to perform the trehalose assay
- Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the moisture content of the oily fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and the oily fraction obtained by comparative methods;
- Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the sediment content of the oily fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and the oily fraction obtained by comparative methods;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the peroxide number of the oily fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and of the oily fraction obtained by a comparative method;
- Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the dry matter content of the aqueous fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and the aqueous fraction obtained by comparative methods;
- Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the sediment content of the aqueous fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and the aqueous fraction obtained by a comparative method;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the percentage of emulsion present in the aqueous fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and in the aqueous fraction obtained by a comparative method;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the percentage (as a percentage of dry matter) of lipids present in the aqueous fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and in the aqueous fraction obtained by comparative methods;
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the pepsic digestibility of the proteins of the aqueous fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and that of the proteins of the aqueous fraction obtained by comparative methods;
- Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating the trehalose content of the aqueous fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and the aqueous fraction obtained by comparative methods;
- Figure 13 comprises three photographs illustrating the color of the aqueous fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and that of the aqueous fraction obtained by comparative methods;
- Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating the trehalose content of the solid fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and the solid fraction obtained by comparative methods;
- Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating the percentage of water soluble portion of the solid fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and the solid fraction obtained by comparative methods;
- Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating the percentage of soluble portion in the mobile phase of the solid fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and the solid fraction obtained by comparative methods; and Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of protein size in the solid fraction obtained by the process according to the invention and in the solid fraction obtained by comparative methods.
- Tenebrio molitor larvae were used. On receipt of the larvae, they can be stored at 4 ° C for 0 to 15 days in their breeding tanks before slaughter without major degradation. The weight of the larvae (age) used is variable and therefore their composition may vary, as illustrated in Table 1 below:
- Table 1 Biochemical composition of larvae of Tenebrio molitor according to their weight.
- Live larvae (+ 4 ° C to + 25 ° C) are conveyed in a thickness of between 2 and 10 cm, on a perforated belt (1 mm) to a bleaching chamber.
- the insects are thus bleached with steam (nozzles or steam bed) at 98 ' ⁇ under forced ventilation or with water at 92-95' ⁇ (spray nozzles) or in mixed mode (water + steam).
- the residence time in the bleaching room is included between 5 seconds and 15 minutes, ideally 5 minutes.
- the temperature of the larvae at the bleaching outlet is between 75% and
- Step 2 Separation of the soft part of the cuticles of the insects
- the larvae, once blanched, are conveyed to the feed hopper of a band separator, in order to separate the cuticles from the soft part of the larvae.
- the separation takes place immediately after slaughtering so that the larvae do not have time to cool to room temperature.
- the band separator used is a 601 band separator from Baader.
- the diameter of the perforations of the drum is 1, 3 mm.
- the soft part of the insects is recovered in a tank.
- the cuticles are recovered using a scraper knife.
- the amount of trehalose in the cuticles recovered in step 2 was measured as follows:
- Trehalose is analyzed by GC-MS.
- Temperature program 150 ° C, followed by a ramp at 10 ° C / min up to 260 ° C, after 5 minutes at this temperature, a ramp of 25 ° C / min up to 310 ° C and maintenance of this temperature for 2 minutes.
- Injector temperature 280 ° C
- interface 250 ° C
- the split ratio is 10
- the injection volume is 1 ⁇ ⁇ -.
- a column sH-RXI-5mS, 30 m ⁇ 0.25 mm ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ is used.
- the preparation of the sample for analysis is carried out as follows: a precise quantity of the sample (between 10 and 300 mg) is weighed in a Falcon tube, 9.75 ml of methanol are added thereto and 250 ⁇ of a solution internal standard (myo-inositol, 25 ⁇ g mL) in DMSO. The mixture is stirred at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes, 100 ⁇ l of BSTFA are then added and the reaction mixture is stirred for a further 30 minutes at ambient temperature, 1 ml of acetonitrile is then added and the sample thus prepared is injected. on a GC-MS device.
- a solution internal standard myo-inositol, 25 ⁇ g mL
- the amount measured is 1.2 mg trehalose per g dry matter.
- the soft part of the insects is allowed to stand in the recovery tank of step 2, with stirring for 1 h and at a temperature of about 90 ° C.
- Step 4 Separation of the soft part into a solid fraction, an aqueous fraction and an oily fraction
- the soft part is then separated into three fractions using a decanter three phases.
- the decanter used is Tricanter® Z23 from Flottweg.
- Table 2 Characteristics of the oily fraction, the solid fraction and the aqueous fraction.
- Preparation of the liquid sample 400 ⁇ l are solubilized in 1600 ⁇ l of the mobile phase and filtered using the Chromafil xtra filter PES-45/25 just before the injection. 1.5 ml of the sample thus prepared are centrifuged for 15 minutes at 12000 rpm (10625 g).
- the conditions of implementation of the chromatography are the following: the column used is a Superdex Peptide GL 10/300 (GE Healthcare), the detection is carried out by a DAD detector at 215 nm, the speed of the mobile phase is 0.3 mL / min and is composed of ACN (Acetonitrile) / H 2 O / TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) (30/70 / 0.1), the analysis is carried out.
- ACN Alcohol
- H 2 O / TFA trifluoroacetic acid
- Table 3 Distribution of the size of the soluble proteins in the solid fraction
- Table 4 The size distribution of the soluble proteins of the aqueous fraction is presented in Table 4 below:
- Trehalose is analyzed by GC-MS.
- Temperature program 150 ° C, followed by a ramp at 10 ° C / min until 260 ' ⁇ , after 5 minutes at this temperature, a ramp of 25 ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ up to 310 ° C and maintenance of this temperature for 2 minutes.
- the preparation of the sample for analysis is carried out as follows: a precise quantity of the sample (between 10 and 300 mg) is weighed in a Falcon tube, 9.75 ml of methanol are added thereto and 250 ⁇ of a solution standard internal (myo-inositol, 25 ⁇ .) in DMSO. The mixture is stirred at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes, 100 ⁇ l of BSTFA are then added and the reaction mixture is stirred for a further 30 minutes at ambient temperature, 1 ml of acetonitrile is then added and the sample thus prepared is injected. on a GC-MS device.
- the amount measured in the solid fraction is 3.82 mg trehalose per g dry matter.
- the amount measured in the aqueous fraction is 33.2 mg trehalose per g dry matter.
- the aqueous fraction has less than 1% by weight of insoluble sediments on the total weight of the aqueous fraction.
- Step 5 Concentration of the aqueous fraction
- the aqueous fraction obtained in step 4 is then concentrated by evaporation, using a falling-film evaporator.
- the concentrated aqueous fraction obtained has a solids concentration of about 65%.
- Step 6 (optional): Melting of the concentrated aqueous fraction and / or cuticles with the solid fraction
- Step 6 has not been implemented in this example.
- the solid fraction obtained in step 4 is dried using a disk dryer from Haarslev for 5 hours in order to obtain a dry solid fraction or a dry mixture.
- the solid fraction contains less than 10 CFU / g of enterobacteria.
- the dry solid fraction is finally milled using a continuous hammer mill (6 reversible mobile - 8 mm thick).
- the mill is fed by a hopper with flow control flap (180kg / h).
- the perforated grid used to control the grain size at the outlet is 0.8 mm.
- the rotation speed of the motor is 3000 rpm (electric motor, power consumption 4kW (5.5 hp)).
- Table 5 Characteristics of an insect powder obtained in Example 1.
- Step 6 (optional): Melting of the concentrated aqueous fraction and cuticles with the solid fraction
- a conical screw mixer from Vrieco-Nauta® was used.
- the mixture obtained in step 6 is dried using a disk dryer from Haarslev for 5 hours in order to obtain a dry mixture.
- the dry mixture contains less than 10 CFU / g of enterobacteria.
- the dry mixture is finally milled using a continuous hammer mill (6 reversible mobile - 8 mm thick).
- the mill is fed by a hopper with flow control flap (180kg / h).
- the perforated grid used to control the grain size at the outlet is 0.8 mm.
- the rotation speed of the motor is 3000 rpm (electric motor, power consumption 4kW (5.5 hp)).
- the objective is to compare the quality of the products obtained by the two processes.
- the larvae are initially bleached (parboiled) and then the cuticles of the larvae are separated from the soft part ("decutilated") through a band separator of the Baader brand.
- This soft part came from the same batch of soft part as that used for the process according to the invention.
- the comparative method differs from that according to the invention in two steps:
- an additional step of coagulation of the soft part is carried out starting from 4 kg of soft part, in a pilot reactor, with stirring (350 revolutions / min) with a temperature of the walls of the fixed reactor at 100 ° C for 20 minutes; then
- the soft part is diluted by adding water and heated. Two dilutions of the soft part were made for these tests, 1: 0.5 (m / m, mass / mass) and 1: 0, 75 (m / m). Specifically, a volume of water at 50 ° C (2 liters or 3 liters depending on the dilution) is added to the pilot reactor. The regulation of the temperature in the pulp mass is carried out at 90 ° C. for one hour and then the reactor is emptied. The diluted soft part is then centrifuged under the same conditions as previously and the 3 phases collected and stored at -20 ° C pending physicochemical analyzes.
- the dry matter of TMO, SW and SPC is determined by drying to constant mass at 105 ° C according to ISO 6496.
- the difference in mass of the product before and after drying serves as a measure for the dry matter content. These contents are expressed as a percentage of mass.
- the moisture content is obtained by subtraction of the dry matter to the value 100.
- the peroxide number is determined according to the French standard NF EN ISO 3960 (June 2010) and expressed in MEQ of active oxygen / kg of oil.
- the filter used is a pore stainless steel screen 50 ⁇ , previously tared. Sediment quantification is performed after 300 mL of TMO or 750 mL of SW (750 mL) is passed by weighing the residues in the sieve.
- the evaluation of the emulsion in the SW is carried out after centrifugation of 50 ml of SW collected. Collection of the emulsion (supernatant) is performed after placing the tubes at -20 ° to facilitate separation. The emulsion is then weighed and the result is expressed as a percentage of emulsion in the stick water.
- the determination of the fat or lipids in the samples of SW is carried out by extraction with petroleum ether after hydrolysis according to the regulation CE 152/2009.
- the amount of lipids is related to the dry matter of the sample in question (SW or SPC).
- the pepsic digestibility is determined on the SW according to Directive 72/199 / EC, without degreasing.
- Trehalose is determined in SW and SPC after lyophilization. 40 mg of dry sample are extracted with 2 ml of DMSO for 1 hour, with stirring at 80 ° C. 250 ⁇ l of the extract are then mixed with 50 ⁇ l of myo-inositol, used as internal standard (1 g / L in DMSO). After homogenization, 100 ⁇ l of this mixture is derivatized with 100 ⁇ l of BSTFA-TMCS (99: 1) directly into the vial GC-MS for 30 minutes at 60 ° C. Before injection, 600 ⁇ of acetonitrile are added to the vial GC-MS. The results are expressed in mg of trehalose / g dry using a standard range of trehalose carried out under the same conditions (FIG 3).
- the derived extracts and the different standard range points are analyzed on a Shimadzu GC-MS-QP2010.
- the column used is a column SH-Rxi 5 ms (Schimadzu) of length 30 m, diameter 0.25 mm and finesse 0.25 ⁇ .
- the temperature program of the GC-MS is as follows: 100 ° C, followed by a ramp at 10 ° C / min up to 300 ° C held for 2 min.
- the temperature of the injector is 280 ° C, that of the interface is 250 ° C, the split ratio is 10, the injection volume is 1 ⁇ .
- the detection is carried out in SIM (Selected Ion monitoring) mode with m / z specific for 305 for myoinositol and 361 for trehalose.
- the color has been compared to a color chart (RAL Classic K7 color chart) and characterized by the color code of this color chart.
- the experiments were performed from lyophilized SPCs. 1 g of sample is weighed (m,) in a previously calibrated 50 ml tube. 30 ml of water at room temperature are added and the tube is stirred (vortexed) for several minutes. After centrifugation, the supernatant liquid is removed and a second wash with 30 ml of water is carried out under the same conditions as the first. After removing the supernatant, the washed SPC pellet is placed in an oven at 60 ° C for 48 hours and then weighed. A control (unwashed SPC) is also placed in the oven to determine the percentage of actual dry matter and correct the initial weighing of samples before washing (% MS).
- the percentage of soluble is determined as:
- the size of the soluble proteins of the SPC is determined by steric exclusion chromatography.
- 40 mg of freeze-dried sample are solubilized in the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile / H 2 O / TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) (30/70 / 0.1) in order to reach a concentration of 30 mg / mL and filtered at 45.degree. ⁇ after centrifugation using the filter chromafil xtra PES-45/25.
- the solubility of dry SW and SPC in the mobile phase is determined after drying the centrifugation residues in the oven.
- the conditions for carrying out the chromatography carried out on a Shimadzu Nexera XR HPLC chain are as follows: the column used is a Superdex Peptide GL 10/300 (GE Healthcare), the detection is carried out by a DAD detector at 215 nm, the speed of the mobile phase (isocratic mode) is 0.3 mL / min. It is composed of an acetonitrile / H 2 O / TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) mixture (30/70 / 0.1), the analysis is carried out at 25 ° C.
- FIGS 4 and 5 relating to the moisture content and the sediment content show that the separation of the oily fraction is significantly better in the process according to the invention. Indeed, we see in these Figures a higher moisture content and sediment in the oily fraction according to the comparative method. This result is unexpected because it is well known to those skilled in the art that increasing a phase and / or heating usually improves the phase separation of a complex medium.
- FIGS 8 to 10 for sediment content, emulsion content and lipid content show that the separation of the aqueous fraction is significantly better in the process according to the invention. Indeed, there is shown in these figures a higher sediment content, emulsion and lipids in the oily fraction according to the comparative method. This result is unexpected because it is well known to those skilled in the art that increasing a phase and / or heating usually improves the phase separation of a complex medium.
- the trehalose content of the aqueous fraction obtained by the process according to the invention is better than that obtained by the comparative method.
- trehalose has the ability to stabilize proteins and is therefore considered a natural biological preservative.
- FIG. 13 proposes 3 photographs of the aqueous fraction obtained either by the process according to the invention, or by the comparative method, and lyophilized.
- the aqueous fraction obtained by the process according to the invention has a significantly lighter color. It follows from these figures that a different product is obtained by the method according to the invention. This difference in color can potentially be explained by the Maillard reaction which can take place during the coagulation and aqueous heating steps which are carried out in the comparative method. In the Maillard reaction, the small size proteins present in the medium are more likely to react, reducing the content of the medium to small proteins. This may in particular result in a decrease in the digestibility of the aqueous fraction. 3. Solid fraction
- the comparative method at a dilution 1: 0.5 generates a cost 19.8 times higher than that of the process according to the invention and the comparative method at a dilution of 1: 0.75 generates a cost 20.2 times greater than that of the process according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1663477A FR3060946B1 (fr) | 2016-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | Procede de traitement d'insectes comprenant la separation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes a l'aide d'un separateur a bande |
PCT/FR2017/050553 WO2018122475A1 (fr) | 2016-12-28 | 2017-03-10 | Procédé de traitement d'insectes comprenant la séparation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes a l'aide d'un separateur a bande |
PCT/EP2017/084775 WO2018122353A1 (fr) | 2016-12-28 | 2017-12-28 | Procede de traitement d'insectes comprenant la separation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes a l'aide d'un separateur a bande |
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EP17715222.0A Pending EP3562315A1 (fr) | 2016-12-28 | 2017-03-10 | Procédé de traitement d'insectes comprenant la séparation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes a l'aide d'un separateur a bande |
EP17825882.8A Withdrawn EP3562318A1 (fr) | 2016-12-28 | 2017-12-28 | Procede de traitement d'insectes comprenant la separation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes a l'aide d'un separateur a bande |
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US (2) | US20190335788A1 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP3562315A1 (fr) |
JP (2) | JP2020504618A (fr) |
KR (2) | KR20190099295A (fr) |
CN (2) | CN110099572A (fr) |
AU (2) | AU2017387971A1 (fr) |
BR (2) | BR112019013450A2 (fr) |
CA (2) | CA3047485A1 (fr) |
CO (2) | CO2019007201A2 (fr) |
EA (1) | EA201991589A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3060946B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2019007885A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2018122475A1 (fr) |
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FR3096873B1 (fr) | 2019-06-05 | 2021-06-25 | Yann Didelot | Procédé de préparation de chair de crabes |
KR102393124B1 (ko) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-05-03 | 농업회사법인 (주)한국유용곤충연구소 | 동애등에와 곤충키틴을 포함하는 발효 곤충사료첨가제의 제조방법 및 그에 따라 제조된 발효 곤충사료첨가제 |
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CA2670245A1 (fr) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-25 | James Haythornthwaite | Mecanisme d'alignement pour separateur d'aliments |
DE202010001849U1 (de) * | 2010-01-30 | 2010-05-20 | Nordischer Maschinenbau Rud. Baader Gmbh + Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zum Trennen von miteinander vermischten Stoffen unterschiedlicher Fließfähigkeit |
CN102558387A (zh) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-07-11 | 青岛中仁药业有限公司 | 一种从蝇蛆中提取甲壳素和抗菌肽的方法 |
FR2975706B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-26 | 2017-07-21 | Ifremer (Institut Francais De Rech Pour L'exploitation De La Mer) | Extraction de chitines en une seule etape par hydrolyse enzymatique en milieu acide |
CN102578390A (zh) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-18 | 郎影菲 | 一种禽畜饲料用昆虫添加剂及应用 |
NL2010268C2 (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2014-08-11 | Protix Biosystems B V | Method to convert insects or worms into nutrient streams and compositions obtained thereby. |
MX2016006081A (es) * | 2013-11-11 | 2016-11-23 | T Dossey Aaron | Productos de insectos y metodos para fabricarlos y utilizarlos. |
DK3240905T3 (da) | 2014-12-31 | 2019-07-08 | Ynsect | Billepulver |
EP3078277A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-10-12 | Krauß, Stefan | Procédé pour la fabrication de poudre d'insectes |
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- 2017-03-10 EP EP17715222.0A patent/EP3562315A1/fr active Pending
- 2017-03-10 WO PCT/FR2017/050553 patent/WO2018122475A1/fr unknown
- 2017-03-10 CA CA3047485A patent/CA3047485A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2017-03-10 CN CN201780081411.XA patent/CN110099572A/zh active Pending
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- 2017-12-28 BR BR112019013505-7A patent/BR112019013505A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-12-28 EP EP17825882.8A patent/EP3562318A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-12-28 KR KR1020197021710A patent/KR20190099296A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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MX2019007885A (es) | 2019-09-06 |
FR3060946B1 (fr) | 2021-12-31 |
AU2017387971A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
CA3047514A1 (fr) | 2018-07-05 |
FR3060946A1 (fr) | 2018-06-29 |
CO2019007197A2 (es) | 2019-07-31 |
CA3047485A1 (fr) | 2018-07-05 |
KR20190099295A (ko) | 2019-08-26 |
CN110087479A (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
US20200154731A1 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
RU2019123579A3 (fr) | 2021-01-29 |
JP2020504618A (ja) | 2020-02-13 |
EP3562315A1 (fr) | 2019-11-06 |
RU2019123579A (ru) | 2021-01-29 |
JP2020518230A (ja) | 2020-06-25 |
BR112019013505A2 (pt) | 2020-01-07 |
CO2019007201A2 (es) | 2019-08-20 |
US20190335788A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
BR112019013450A2 (pt) | 2019-12-31 |
EA201991589A1 (ru) | 2019-11-29 |
AU2017385713A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
KR20190099296A (ko) | 2019-08-26 |
WO2018122475A1 (fr) | 2018-07-05 |
CN110099572A (zh) | 2019-08-06 |
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