EP3560302B1 - Système de ciblerie à gaz pour production de radio-isotopes - Google Patents

Système de ciblerie à gaz pour production de radio-isotopes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3560302B1
EP3560302B1 EP17828971.6A EP17828971A EP3560302B1 EP 3560302 B1 EP3560302 B1 EP 3560302B1 EP 17828971 A EP17828971 A EP 17828971A EP 3560302 B1 EP3560302 B1 EP 3560302B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
window
support
cooling circuit
flange
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Application number
EP17828971.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3560302A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas CAMPANELLA
Alain PEREZ DELAUME
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P M B
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P M B
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
    • G21K5/08—Holders for targets or for other objects to be irradiated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G1/00—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
    • G21G1/04—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators
    • G21G1/10—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators by bombardment with electrically charged particles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H6/00—Targets for producing nuclear reactions

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a target system for producing radioisotopes by irradiating a pressurized gaseous target fluid with a beam of charged particles, in particular a high energy beam, that is to say of at least 1 MeV.
  • positron emission tomography is an imaging technique requiring positron-emitting radioisotopes or molecules labeled by these same radioisotopes.
  • a target system is installed at the output of a particle accelerator.
  • a targeting system comprises for example one or more targets to be irradiated.
  • Each target contains a radioisotope precursor which makes it possible to produce the corresponding radioisotope when the precursor has been irradiated.
  • the target system is therefore mounted at the output of a particle accelerator with a target in an axis of the particle beam emitted by the accelerator.
  • the particle beam produced by the particle accelerator can irradiate the target of the targeting system to produce the radioisotope.
  • MOON BYUNG SEOK ET AL "Development of additive [11C] CO2 target system in the KOTRON-13 cyclotron and its application for [11C] radiopharmaceutical production",NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH, SECTION B: BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS , flight. 356, 14 May 2015, pages 1-7 .
  • the object of the present application is to provide an improved gas targeting system, further leading to other advantages.
  • Such a gaseous radioisotope production target system which comprises such a cavity which accommodates the target gas and which is sufficiently cooled thanks to such a cooling circuit, thus enables the necessary nuclear reactions between said target gas and the incident protons in a more compact volume.
  • the cooling circuit is for example unique to cool both the cavity and at least the thin sheet of the window.
  • Such a gas target system for producing radioisotopes also allows greater stability in the production of radioisotopes and use at higher pressures than usual, in particular thanks to the cooling circuit which has been improved.
  • a length of the cavity that is to say a distance between the entrance and the bottom of the cavity, can then be reduced, while having an "inverted cone" shape which takes into account the phenomena of divergence of the beam of protons when it collides with the target gas.
  • This reduction in length nevertheless depends on the pressure differential.
  • the system thus has a reduced compactness compared to the systems of the prior art, which allows an increase in the effectiveness of the radiation protection equipment because it makes it possible to position this equipment as close as possible to the nuclear reaction zones and to increase if necessary thicknesses of the constituent materials of this equipment for an identical external size.
  • the target system is a target system for producing 11 C radioisotopes by irradiating a target gas with a beam of charged particles emitted by a particle accelerator.
  • the cavity is configured to include a target gas under a pressure of between approximately 15 bars (1.5 MPa - megapascal) and approximately 50 bars (5 MPa), or even between approximately 20 bars (2 MPa) and approximately 50 bars , or even between approximately 40 bars (4 MPa) and approximately 50 bars.
  • a target gas under a pressure of between approximately 15 bars (1.5 MPa - megapascal) and approximately 50 bars (5 MPa), or even between approximately 20 bars (2 MPa) and approximately 50 bars , or even between approximately 40 bars (4 MPa) and approximately 50 bars.
  • a target gas pressure of at least 40 bars makes it possible, for example, to substantially reduce the depth of the cavity necessary to stop the particle beam.
  • the cavity comprises a target gas which comprises at least one 11 C radioisotope (carbon 11) precursor.
  • the at least one 11 C radioisotope precursor comprises nitrogen gas ( 14 N).
  • the window comprises a brazed assembly composed of the thin sheet positioned at the entrance to the cavity, allowing the charged particles to penetrate into the cavity, and the pierced support grid, which serves as a structural support for the thin sheet, configured to withstand a pressure differential created across the window during use of the system, i.e. between the vacuum of the particle accelerator and the pressure of the gas filling the cavity .
  • the support grid comprises, for example, equidistant holes and/or openings of hexagonal shape, for example in the form of a honeycomb.
  • the support grid has, for example, a void/material surface ratio of between about 70% and about 90%, preferably between about 72% and about 85%.
  • the support grid is for example made of tungsten or of aluminum nitride.
  • the support grid has for example a thickness comprised between about 1 mm (millimeter) and about 3 mm.
  • the thin sheet is thin, that is to say it has a thickness equal to or less than 100 ⁇ m, or even 80 ⁇ m, or even 30 ⁇ m, or even 20 ⁇ m, for example depending on the material chosen.
  • the thin sheet is for example made of tungsten; it then has, for example, a thickness of between approximately 20 ⁇ m and approximately 30 ⁇ m.
  • the thin sheet is made of synthetic diamond CVD (“Chemical Vapor Deposition”), that is to say made of synthetic diamond obtained by a process of chemical vapor deposition; it then has, for example, a thickness of between approximately 70 ⁇ m and approximately 80 ⁇ m.
  • synthetic diamond CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • the cooling circuit channel is formed in a wall of the body.
  • the channel of the cooling circuit comprises at least one helical portion which surrounds at least part of the cavity.
  • the helical portion extends from the entrance of the channel, surrounds at least a part of the cavity to the bottom of the cavity, then still surrounds at least a part of the cavity from the bottom to the channel output.
  • the body has a front surface which forms a bearing surface for at least part of the thin sheet of the window.
  • both the inlet and the outlet of the channel lead to the front surface of the body.
  • the body comprises a groove, hollowed out in the front surface of the body, surrounding at least in part the entrance to the cavity; the groove forming part of the cooling circuit.
  • the cooling circuit thus makes it possible to limit not only the heating of the target gas contained in the cavity but also of the window during irradiation of the target gas contained in the cavity.
  • the entrance and the exit of the canal open into the throat.
  • the cooling circuit is for example non-cryogenic. It contains for example a cooling liquid, for example a cooling water, which circulates in the circuit.
  • the cooling circuit includes a cooling fluid inlet, for example close to the opening of the cavity.
  • the cooling fluid inlet comprises a duct communicating with the channel.
  • the cooling fluid inlet is configured to circulate cooling fluid on the one hand in the helical portion of the channel, which surrounds the cavity configured to contain the gas to be irradiated, and on the other hand in the groove located opposite a periphery of the window.
  • the cooling circuit also comprises an extraction of cooling fluid.
  • the cooling fluid extraction is for example positioned next to the cooling fluid inlet.
  • the cooling fluid inlet and/or outlet communicates with the channel between the groove and the helical portion of the channel.
  • the front surface of the body is orthogonal to a median, central axis of the frustoconical section of the cavity and/or to an axis of propagation of the beam of particles emitted by the particle accelerator.
  • the support-flange forms a mechanical connection interface allowing both the maintenance of the window and the sealing of the interfaces between the coolant, the ambient air, the secondary vacuum (of the particle accelerator) and the target gas (of the cavity), for example by compression of seals, for example O-rings.
  • Joints are for example positioned between a surface of the support-flange and a surface of the corresponding body.
  • the mechanical attachment interface at the output of a particle accelerator of the support-flange is configured to maintain the tightness of the vacuum of the beam line.
  • the mechanical attachment interface at the output of a particle accelerator comprises for example a ring and a seal, for example an O-ring.
  • the ring and the gasket are for example held in the flange support.
  • the window is inserted between the body and the support-flange, and for example, the support-flange is screwed onto the body.
  • the front surface of the body includes a seal, for example an O-ring
  • the support-flange includes a seal, for example an O-ring, possibly located opposite the seal of the front surface of the body.
  • At least the thin sheet is wedged, compressed, between the joint of the body and the joint of the support-flange.
  • the body comprises a passage communicating with the cavity through the bottom of the cavity, the passage being configured to fill the cavity with gas and to empty the cavity of said gas.
  • the bottom of the cavity has a concave surface.
  • the surface is for example rounded and concave.
  • the body is made of AS7G6 aluminum alloy.
  • the body is produced by an additive manufacturing process, for example by selective laser melting (SLM process, “Selective Laser Melting”).
  • SLM process selective laser melting
  • the cooling circuit into a wall of the body, for example at least parts of the cooling fluid circulation channel closest to the window and/or to an internal surface of the body (c that is to say a wall of the cavity), and/or to vary the shape of a duct, for example between a section of circular shape and a section of rectangular shape, to optimize heat exchange.
  • the targeting system is possibly inscribed in a maximum footprint of approximately 50 x 63 x 120 mm.
  • the figures 1 to 4 illustrate a gas target system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • Such a gas target system is particularly compact, as the figures show.
  • radioisotopes for example 11 C.
  • the body is for example a one-piece element.
  • the body 110 here comprises a wall 111.
  • the wall 111 delimits the cavity 120 and further comprises here, in its thickness, at least part of the cooling circuit.
  • the body 110 comprises a flange 180 which comprises a front surface 181.
  • the flange 180 includes in particular a stud in relief which comprises the front surface 181 and a peripheral surface, delimiting a perimeter of the stud, here orthogonal to the front surface 181.
  • the flange 180 here has a substantially quadrilateral or even square section, as best illustrated by the picture 3 .
  • the flange 180 has, here, four holes 185. Each hole 185 here receives a bolt 186 which makes it possible to assemble the body 110 with the support-flange 160.
  • the body From the front surface 181, the body has an opening 112 from which the cavity 120 extends.
  • the body 110 includes a groove 182 which, here, constitutes part of the cooling circuit.
  • the groove 182 preferably has a ring shape and surrounds the opening 112.
  • the groove 182 thus allows the window 150 to be cooled, of which at least a part of the thin sheet 151 is here attached, resting, on the front surface 181, as will be described later.
  • the inlet 141 and the outlet 142 of the channel 140 open into the groove 182, which is why they are designated together on the figure 2 .
  • the body has a groove 183, dug in the front surface 181 and receiving a gasket 184.
  • the gasket 184 serves here as a support for the thin sheet 151 of the window 150, helping to form a tight connection.
  • the flange 180 further comprises here an inlet 187 and an extraction 188 of cooling fluid for respectively conveying and extracting coolant in the cooling circuit 130.
  • the arrival 187 and the extraction 188 are of course represented arbitrarily and could obviously be inverted with respect to each other.
  • junctions with corresponding hoses include, for example, junctions with corresponding hoses.
  • the arrival 187 and/or the extraction 188 comprise for example a duct communicating with the channel, not visible in the figures.
  • the arrival 187 and the extraction 188 communicate here with the channel 140, behind the entrance 141 and the exit 142 which here lead in the groove 182 (in "rear” extending here with respect to an introduction of the particle beam F in a cavity).
  • the input 141 and the arrival 187 would be combined and/or the output 142 and the extraction 188 would be combined.
  • the body 110 then comprises a main part 190 which comprises a major part of the cavity 120.
  • the main part 190 is for example cylindrical or in particular here a frustoconical part which comprises at least the frustoconical section 121 of cavity 120.
  • the main part 190, frustoconical, of the body 110 flares out from the flange 180, just as the cavity 120 flares out from the opening 112 of the body, which also forms the opening 112, the entrance, of the cavity. 120.
  • the opening 112, of circular shape therefore has a diameter smaller than that of any section, circular, of the frustoconical section 121 of the cavity.
  • a beam of particles F can thus be introduced into the cavity 120 to irradiate the gas it contains in service.
  • the body is closed by a bottom 191 which includes the bottom 122 of the cavity 120.
  • the bottom 122 of the cavity 120 is for example a rounded and concave surface, for example in the shape of a dome.
  • the cavity thus has the shape of a drop. It has an increasing section from the opening 112 to the bottom 122 (where the section narrows due to its rounded shape).
  • the bottom 191 of the body 110 further comprises a specific passage, which crosses the wall of the body and opens into the cavity 120.
  • the gas target system 100 comprises a connection end piece 192, for example a conventional 1/16" connector, introduced into this specific passage and making it possible to fill or empty the cavity 120 with target gas.
  • the cavity 120 is formed within the body 110, it is surrounded by the wall 111.
  • the body 110 In the wall 111 of the body 110, mainly in the part of the wall 111 which surrounds the cavity 120, the body 110 here comprises the channel 140 of the cooling circuit 130.
  • the channel 140 here has a portion of helical shape, starting from the flange 180 of the body then extending towards the rear of the body as far as the bottom 191 of the body, to return to the front part of the body, here also at the flange 180
  • the channel 140 continues between the helical portion as far as the inlet 141 and outlet 142 which here open into the groove 182 of the flange 180 of the body 110.
  • the channel 140 is here fed via the cooling fluid inlet 187 and extraction 188 which communicate with the channel between the inlet 141 and outlet 142 of the channel 140 on the front surface 181 of the body on the one hand and the helical portion of the channel 140 d 'somewhere else.
  • the channel 140 surrounds the cavity 120 and is positioned as close as possible to the parts heated by an interaction of the beam of particles F with the gas contained in the cavity 120, namely in particular the surface of the cavity (that is to say say an internal surface of the body) and the window 150.
  • the gas target system 100 also includes the window 150 which includes the thin sheet 151 and the support grid 152.
  • the window allows both the passage of the protons towards the cavity and hermetically closes the latter with the aid of the support-flange 160 described below.
  • the front surface 181 possibly includes an indentation in which the window 150 is possibly deposited.
  • the window is held on the body 110 using the support-flange 160, described below, favoring a support of the window on the front surface 181 of the body and making it possible to guarantee the air / secondary vacuum / fluid tightness cooling / target gas through the use of seals at the interfaces.
  • the support grid 152 makes it possible to support the thin sheet 151 so as to accept pressure differences between the incident part of the beam F under secondary vacuum (grid-support side) and the cavity 120 (thin side sheet) under gas pressure comprised for example between 20 and 50 bars when the system 100 is used.
  • the thin sheet 151 is positioned between the support grid 152 and the front surface 181 of the body 110.
  • the thin sheet 151 here covers at least part of the front surface 181, and in particular at least the groove 182 which surrounds at least part of the opening 112 of the cavity 120, to be able to be cooled by the same cooling circuit 130 which cools the cavity 120.
  • the thin sheet covers both the opening 112, the groove 182 and rests on the seal 184 located between the opening 112 and the groove 182.
  • the support grid 152 is for example made of tungsten or aluminum nitride and has for example a thickness of between about 1 mm and about 3 mm.
  • the support grid 152 has, for example, holes of circular or hexagonal shape.
  • the thin sheet 151 is thin, that is to say it has a thickness equal to or less than 100 ⁇ m.
  • a thin sheet of tungsten it has for example a thickness of between about 20 ⁇ m and about 30 ⁇ m; while for a thin CVD synthetic diamond sheet, it has for example a thickness of between around 70 ⁇ m and around 80 ⁇ m.
  • the gas target system 100 includes the flange support 160.
  • the support-flange 160 is for example a solid element which here has a substantially quadrilateral section, in particular square.
  • the support-flange 160 includes a groove 162, dug in a rear surface of the support-flange 160, and receiving a seal 163.
  • the seal 163 of the support-flange 160 is thus opposite the seal 184 of the body 110.
  • the window 150 is pinched, wedged, between the joint 163 of the support-flange 160 and the joint 184 of the body 110.
  • the flange support 160 also includes a groove 164 which receives a seal 165.
  • the groove 164 is here dug in a peripheral wall, here orthogonal to the rear surface of the flange support 160 which is formed hollow in the flange support 160.
  • the gasket 165 surrounds the rear surface of the flange support 160.
  • the peripheral wall of the support-flange 160 thus cooperates with the peripheral surface of the stud in relief of the flange 180 of the body 110.
  • the seal 165 is thus positioned between the peripheral wall of the rear surface of the support-flange 160 and the peripheral surface of the stud in relief of the flange 180 of the body 110.
  • gasket 165 surrounds, encloses, the raised stud of the flange 180 of the body 110.
  • the seals 163 and 165 of the support-flange 160 are thus arranged on either side of the groove 182 of the flange 180 of the body.
  • the support-flange 160 is thus configured to hermetically close the cavity 120, for example in cooperation with the flange 180 of the body 110, and to at least ensure on the one hand a seal between an air outside the target system and the cooling fluid circulating in the cooling circuit 130, and on the other hand a seal between a vacuum formed in a beam line of the particle accelerator and the pressurized target gas contained in the cavity 120 when the system 100 is used .
  • the support-flange 160 comprises a mechanical attachment interface at the output of a particle accelerator 170.
  • the mechanical attachment interface at the output of a particle accelerator 170 here comprises at least one ring 171 and one O-ring 172.
  • the ring 171 and the O-ring 172 are here embedded in the support-flange 160.
  • the flange support 160 comprises, on the front face, a groove 166 which delimits a central stud 167.
  • the ring 171 is pushed into the groove 166 and the O-ring 172 encloses the central stud 167.
  • the support-flange 160 includes, for example, an electronic target identification encoding center 168 which is, for example, an electronic element configured to identify the target.
  • the electronic target identification encoding center 168 is here inserted into a housing provided for this purpose in a corner of the front face of the flange support 160 and is attached thereto for example by a removable fixing element, such as for example a screw.
  • the gas target system 100 described above has a maximum heating at the level of the window 150 which is less than 515° C., in particular of the order of 478-512° C., while the outer surface, the envelope, of the system 100, remains at a temperature below about 85°C, in particular between about 51°C and about 84°C.
  • a surface of the cavity 120 is for its part maintained at a temperature lower than around 249° C., or even lower than around 200° C. by the cooling system.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP17828971.6A 2016-12-22 2017-12-19 Système de ciblerie à gaz pour production de radio-isotopes Active EP3560302B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1663237A FR3061403B1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 Systeme de ciblerie a gaz pour production de radio-isotopes
PCT/FR2017/053679 WO2018115705A1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2017-12-19 Système de ciblerie à gaz pour production de radio-isotopes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3560302A1 EP3560302A1 (fr) 2019-10-30
EP3560302B1 true EP3560302B1 (fr) 2022-04-20

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EP17828971.6A Active EP3560302B1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2017-12-19 Système de ciblerie à gaz pour production de radio-isotopes

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US (1) US11145430B2 (es)
EP (1) EP3560302B1 (es)
JP (1) JP7096825B2 (es)
CN (1) CN110089201A (es)
AU (1) AU2017380416B2 (es)
CA (1) CA3047017A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2922485T3 (es)
FR (1) FR3061403B1 (es)
PL (1) PL3560302T3 (es)
UY (1) UY37535A (es)
WO (1) WO2018115705A1 (es)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR112019027879A2 (pt) * 2017-06-29 2020-08-18 The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Soc Limited produção de radioisótopos
CZ309802B6 (cs) * 2021-04-16 2023-10-25 Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC (ELI ERIC) Jaderný terčík, způsob indukce jaderné reakce s tímto jaderným terčíkem a zařízení na výrobu radioizotopů s tímto jaderným terčíkem
CN114585145B (zh) * 2022-03-10 2023-03-07 中国原子能科学研究院 一种用于医用同位素生产气体靶的冷却机构和方法

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JP2010530965A (ja) * 2007-06-22 2010-09-16 アドバンスト アプライド フィジックス ソリューションズ，インコーポレイテッド 放射性同位体を製造する高圧モジュール式ターゲットシステム
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Publication number Publication date
US11145430B2 (en) 2021-10-12
BR112019012829A2 (pt) 2019-11-26
AU2017380416B2 (en) 2022-06-30
PL3560302T3 (pl) 2022-12-27
EP3560302A1 (fr) 2019-10-30
CA3047017A1 (fr) 2018-06-28
WO2018115705A1 (fr) 2018-06-28
AU2017380416A1 (en) 2019-07-18
FR3061403A1 (fr) 2018-06-29
JP7096825B2 (ja) 2022-07-06
US20190333654A1 (en) 2019-10-31
CN110089201A (zh) 2019-08-02
JP2020514706A (ja) 2020-05-21
UY37535A (es) 2018-07-31
FR3061403B1 (fr) 2023-02-17
ES2922485T3 (es) 2022-09-15

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