Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
  • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
  • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A43—FOOTWEAR
  • A43D—MACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT OR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR
  • A43D1/00—Foot or last measuring devices; Measuring devices for shoe parts
  • A43D1/02—Foot-measuring devices
  • A43D1/025—Foot-measuring devices comprising optical means, e.g. mirrors, photo-electric cells, for measuring or inspecting feet
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
  • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/1074—Foot measuring devices
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6887—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient mounted on external non-worn devices, e.g. non-medical devices
  • A61B5/6898—Portable consumer electronic devices, e.g. music players, telephones, tablet computers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
  • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
  • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
  • G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T7/00—Image analysis
  • G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
  • G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2576/00—Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis
  • A61B2576/02—Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis specially adapted for a particular organ or body part
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
  • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/1072—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof measuring distances on the body, e.g. measuring length, height or thickness
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
  • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/1079—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof using optical or photographic means
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
  • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
  • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
  • G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing

Definitions

• the present application relates to the field of measurement from digital photographs, also called photogrammetry, in particular the measurement of a part of the human body, and more specifically the measurement of a foot.
• the invention is advantageously used in the context of the manufacture of tailor-made shoes.
• Measurement methods are known from digital images of an object, in particular the human body, using complex image processing procedures to provide a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the object.
• the present invention provides a simple and robust method for measuring a body part, such as a foot, hand or neck, from digital photographs, without using a 3D reconstruction of said body part.
• the proposed method can advantageously be implemented by the person himself who wishes to measure a part of his body, without a dedicated imaging device, that is to say for example by means of a simple smart phone comprising a camera.
• the present invention aims in particular to provide measurements made according to this method for the custom-made manufacture of a shoe, in the case where a foot is measured, or a fashion accessory, typically a jewel, to from the measurement of the foot or other part of the body such as the hands or the neck of a person.
• the invention makes it possible, in particular, to estimate only the characteristic dimensions of the part of the body which one wishes to measure which will be useful for the custom-made manufacture. Summary of the invention
• the invention thus relates more specifically to a method of measuring a part of the human body from digital photographs, without 3D reconstruction of the body part, comprising the following steps:
• the acquisition by means of a device for photographic acquisition of at least one photograph of the part of the body and of a known 2D pattern comprising at least three markers, so that the photograph contains at least one characteristic dimension of the part of the body that one wishes to determine and the three markers of the test pattern;
• the characteristic dimension of the body part is a Euclidean distance between two points of the body part or a perimeter of the body part.
• At least one characteristic dimension of the part of the body is determined from a single photograph and the calibration matrix, the matrix making it possible to carry out the correspondence between a point of the photograph and a 3D point situated in the plane of the sights and expressed in the world landmark.
• At least two photographs are acquired with the photographic acquisition device in two different positions so that each photograph contains said at least one characteristic dimension to be determined, it is estimated the transformation between the positions of the two photographs during of the calibration, and determining said at least one characteristic dimension knowing said transformation.
• At least one Euclidean distance characteristic dimension is determined between two points from two photographs, said two photographs being acquired in a translational movement of the photographic acquisition device.
• At least one perimeter-type characteristic dimension is determined from n photographs taken in n different positions around the part of the body, n being greater than or equal to two, typically between 3 and 10 photographs.
• the length of the apparent diameter di in photograph i is preferably measured on each photograph i, i ranging from 1 to n, and the perimeter p is estimated by the following formula:
• the photographic acquisition device is a camera of a smart phone.
• the photographs are transmitted to a remote computer to perform the steps of calibration and determination of the characteristic dimension (s) of the body.
• the at least one photograph is superimposed on a generic 3D model of the part of the body to be measured, the model being previously calibrated with real generic dimensions of the part of the body to be measured, and;
• the 3D model is deformed on the photograph in order to coincide the characteristic points belonging to the plane formed by the 2D pattern of the photograph and the model
• the characteristic dimension is determined from the deformed 3D model.
• the acquisition of the photographs is guided by means of visual indications, such as the transparency display in the photograph of a drawing of the part of the body and the sight, or by means of indications. sound such as a beep or tactile indications such as vibrations preferably signaling that the gesture made for the acquisition is not the right one.
• a foot is measured, and the characteristic dimension of the measured foot is a characteristic dimension useful for a box, preferably chosen from a length, a width, a height, a perimeter of a part of the foot.
• At least one characteristic dimension of at least one measuring point of the following foot is determined:
• At least one characteristic dimension is preferably determined for each of said measuring points.
• At least two photographs are acquired during at least one of the following movements (a) to (d):
• a hand or a neck is measured.
• the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a shoe, in which:
• At least one characteristic dimension of the foot is determined by the measuring method according to the invention, preferably at least the size, and even more preferably the characteristic dimensions of all the following measuring points: the size, the size at the fingers, the instep, the entrance, the malleolus, the ankle, the strong point of the calf, the under-knee, and the little toe-heel; and
• the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a fashion accessory adapted to the morphology of a part of the human body, wherein: at least one characteristic dimension of the part of the body, preferably of a hand, a neck or a foot, is determined by the method according to the invention, and preferably the diameter of a finger of the hand, the diameter of the wrist, the diameter of the neck, or the diameter of a part of the foot such as the ankle; and
• said custom mode accessory is made from said at least one characteristic dimension.
• FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary implementation of the measurement method according to the invention comprising taking a photograph (s) with a smartphone of a human foot placed on a staff.
• Figure 1B is an example of a 2D pattern used for calibrating the photographic acquisition device.
• FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate an implementation of the invention in which a length such as the length of a foot (size) is determined by means of a 2D pattern and a photograph.
• Figure 2A is a diagram of the shooting of the foot and the sight.
• FIG. 2B represents the photograph acquired during the shooting according to FIG. 2A.
• FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate an implementation of the invention in which a length such as the length of a foot (size) is determined by means of a 2D pattern and two photographs.
• Figure 3A is a diagram of the shooting of the foot and the sight.
• FIG. 3B represents two photographs acquired during the shooting according to FIG. 3A.
• FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an implementation of the invention in which a perimeter of the foot, in particular the perimeter of the instep, is determined by means of a 2D pattern and three photographs.
• Figure 4A is a diagram of the shooting of the foot and the sight.
• FIG. 4B represents the three photographs acquired during the shooting according to FIG. 4A.
• FIG. 5 illustrates the different measurement points of a foot that can be determined by the method according to the invention.
• Figure 6 illustrates the gesture made for the acquisition of the images according to an implementation of the invention.
• the present invention relates to a method for measuring a portion of the human body from digital photographs using a digital photographic acquisition device, a test pattern and a specific algorithmic processing of the acquired photographs.
• the measurement according to the invention does not rely on a 3D reconstruction of the part of the body, as may be the case with known methods.
• a 3D reconstruction of an object mainly means that the whole object of study is reconstructed, that is to say that a 3D representation of the object is obtained from a set of images of the object taken from different angles of view.
• 3D reconstruction of an object from digital photographs we mean a 3D digital reconstruction of the object, that is to say a 3D digital model reproducing the same or almost the real object. It is therefore conceivable that from this 3D reconstruction one could estimate any dimension that one would like to know about the object of study.
• the 3D reconstruction of an object generally makes use of complex procedures for acquiring and processing images, which are often expensive in terms of computation time. This approach by 3D reconstruction of the object has not been adopted by the inventors.
• the present invention thus proposes a method of measuring a part of the human body from digital photographs, without 3D reconstruction of said part of the body, which allows the estimation of characteristic dimensions of said body part.
• the method comprises the following steps:
• the acquisition by means of a device for photographic acquisition of at least one photograph of the part of the body and of a known 2D pattern comprising at least three markers, so that the photograph contains at least a characteristic dimension of the part of the body that one wishes to determine and the three markers of the test pattern;
• calibrating the photographic acquisition device from said at least one photograph by establishing a calibration matrix allowing the correspondence between a point of the photograph and a 3D point expressed in a world coordinate system;
• the present method is simple and robust.
• the present invention relates to a method of measuring a foot, allowing the determination of foot characteristic dimensions useful to a box for the manufacture of custom shoes.
• foot in the present description is understood to encompass the foot as such, and part of the leg up to the knee.
• the term included here all the parts of the foot and the leg whose measure is useful to a shoemaker.
• hand used in the present description encompasses the hand as such as well as the wrist, or even the part of the arm up to the elbow. It refers to all the parts of the hand and arm whose measurement is useful in the manufacture of a jewel type fashion accessory, for example a ring or a bracelet.
• the term smartphone taken from English terminology, is used to designate a smartphone, which conventionally comprises a camera.
• photography By photography is meant an image obtained by a photographic process, that is to say obtained by the action of light on a sensitive surface.
• image in the present description will also be used to designate a photograph.
• the present invention relates exclusively to the use of digital photographs.
• FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a shooting of the method according to the invention.
• a foot 10 is placed on a two-dimensional (2D) pattern 30 bearing identifiable markers 40.
• the shooting is for example carried out by means of a smartphone 20, conventionally comprising a camera.
• a smartphone 20 conventionally comprising a camera.
• the use of such a non-dedicated and widespread image acquisition device is advantageous.
• the use of a smartphone allows easy shooting, freehand, can be performed by the person himself who seeks to measure a part of his body, or possibly by a third person.
• the photographic sensor of the smartphone can be used in both photography mode and video mode, provided that the quality of the images and resolution allows it. In video mode, it exploits part of the images acquired by the sensor.
• the target 30 is placed so as to be visible by the image acquisition device, just like the foot 10 to be imaged.
• the target 30 may be placed under or next to the foot to be imaged.
• At least one image of the foot 10 and the target 30 is acquired by the smartphone 20, so that the image contains all or the characteristic dimensions of the foot 10 that one wishes to determine, and at least three markers 40 of the test 30.
• the target 30 serves to calibrate the image acquisition device.
• This calibration pattern includes reference elements of known geometry.
• the target 30 has at least three markers 40 which form patterns that can be identified in the image, for example black dots on a white background or vice versa, or any other identifiable pattern, preferably capable of being detected automatically. in the picture.
• An example of a pattern 30 is shown in Figure 1B. This is a simple sheet of A4 paper with identifiable markers 40 at the four corners of the sheet, referenced 1 to 4 in Figure 1B. The standardized dimensions of such a sheet are known. The markers can be placed differently on the sheet, as long as we know the distance between them and / or their size.
• the 2D pattern 30 is known, that is to say that geometric information is available on the markers 40 (at least three) of the pattern, typically the distance between the markers 40 and / or the size of the markers, and allows the calculation of the position of the image acquisition device in the space, expressed in the world reference.
• This calibration step of the image acquisition device then makes it possible to determine the characteristic dimensions of the object studied, e.g. the foot, from the points in the image, that is to say allows a calibrated measurement.
• This type of calibration is known, and for example described in the book “Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision” by Richard Hartley and Andrew Zisserman (Part I: Geometry and Single View Geometry Camera, Cambridge University Press, pp. 151-233). , 2004).
• the calibration of the image acquisition device consists in establishing, from at least one photograph taken as described above, and from and markers of the 2D pattern, a calibration matrix allowing the correspondence between a point of the image and a 3D point expressed in a world landmark.
• the positions in the image of at least three markers 40 of the target 30 are extracted.
• This extraction can be performed manually: an operator points with a pointing device, such as a mouse, or a finger or a conductive tip if a touch on a touch screen is used, the positions of markers 40.
• This extraction can also be performed automatically with certain image processing techniques, as for example described in Lowe, 1999 ("Object recognition from local scale-invariant features", Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision , vol 2, 1999).
• the automatic extraction is based on a technique as described in Lowe 1999, having the particularity to be able to match a pattern representing the marker without being sensitive to projective geometric transformations.
• the method according to the invention makes it possible in particular to determine a length of a part of the body, that is to say a Euclidean distance between two points of a part of the body. It can be the length, the width or the height of a part of the body, according to the usual definition of these dimensions (length: distance between the two ends furthest from an object / width: dimension perpendicular to the length / height: dimension in the vertical direction, from the base to the top of an object).
• the measured characteristic dimension may also be a perimeter of the body part, which may be defined as a distance between two points being constrained to remain on a 3D surface.
• the length of the part of the body for example the length of the foot (size) can be determined directly from one or more images, knowing the length between two points in the image, and knowing the correspondence between the points of the image and 3D points in the world landmark with the calibration matrix.
• the perimeter of a 3D surface of the portion of the body of interest is preferably calculated from several images according to a method based on a principle known in the field of stereology, described in Bobenko et al., 2008 ("Discrete Differential”). Geometry, Bobenko, "AI, Schroder, P., Sullivan, JM, Ziegler, GM (Eds.), Birkhauser, 2008, DOI 10.1007 / 978-3-7643-8621-4, 149). The method is described later in connection with FIGS. 4A and 4B.
• the perimeter can also be estimated from a single image. In this case, we measure a length in the image which is an approximation of the perimeter of the part of the body. This approximation can be satisfactory if, for example, it can be assumed that the body part to be measured is similar to a cylinder.
• the calculations of the calibration step and the determination of the characteristic dimensions of the foot can be carried out directly by the image acquisition device, in the case where the latter comprises calculation means as is the case with a smartphone conventionally comprising a laptop.
• the smartphone includes the program for processing images for calibration and for measuring the characteristic dimension of the foot.
• these calculations can be performed remotely, by an external computer-type device with the program for calibration and measurement.
• the information is transmitted from the image acquisition device to the computer by wire connection, for example via a USB key, a memory card, etc., or by wireless connection, for example WIFI, cellular etc. .
• Figures 2A and 2B illustrate an implementation of the method of measuring a length according to the invention from an image.
• At least one characteristic dimension of the part of the body is determined from a single image and from the calibration matrix, the latter making it possible to carry out the correspondence between a point of the image and a 3D point. located in the plane of the sights and expressed in the world landmark.
• a foot 10 is placed on a 2D chart 30 bearing identifiable markers 40.
• the picture is taken using the smartphone 20.
• a photograph of the stand 10 and the screen 30 is acquired by the smartphone 20 , so that the image contains entirely the characteristic dimension of the foot 10 that one wishes to determine, ie the length of the foot 50, corresponding to the size, as well as at least three markers 40 of the target.
• 30 is a single sheet of white A4 paper with markers 40 in the form of black circular pellets at the four corners, as shown in FIG. 1B.
• the positions in the image 21 of at least three markers 41 of the target 31 are determined, as previously explained. Knowing the position of the markers 40 of the target 30 in the world coordinate system, the calibration matrix of the photographic sensor is established which makes it possible to match the positions of the points in the image and the 3D positions of the points in the plane of the image. the target in the world landmark (also called object space or object landmark).
• This calibration method is known (Hartley and Zisserman, 2004: “Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision", 2004, Part I “Geometry and Single View Geometry Camera", Cambridge University Press, pp. 151-233).
• the actual length of the foot 50 is determined from the length 51 extracted from the image 21.
• the observed object ie the foot
• the plane formed by the test pattern 30 it is assumed that the observed object, ie the foot, is in the plane formed by the test pattern 30.
• the measurements are then very satisfactory for all the points of the foot present in the plane of the test pattern, and more and more approximate when the points are moving away from this plane.
• a dimension of length type is preferably determined, i.e a Euclidean distance between two points.
• other types of dimensions characteristic of the length of the foot 50 can be determined according to this implementation, such as for example the length and width of different parts of the foot of the foot. preferably measured at the base of the foot (points of the foot on the target), such as the dimensions referenced 2b, 2c, 2d, 3b, 3c, 3d, and 9 in Table 1 below, and partly illustrated in FIG. 5.
• FIG. 3A and 3B illustrate an implementation of the method of measuring a length according to the invention from two images.
• At least two images are acquired with the image acquisition device placed in two different positions so that each image contains at least one characteristic dimension to be determined, and the characteristic dimension is determined by triangulation at from said at least two photographs.
• This implementation is based on a triangulation approach for calibration, known and for example described in Hartley and Zisserman, 2004 ("Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision", 2004, Part II “Two-View Geometry", Cambridge University Press, pp. 237-308).
• a foot 10 is placed on a 2D chart 30 having identifiable markers 40.
• the picture is taken using the smartphone 20.
• At least two images 21 and 22 of the foot 10 and the test pattern 30 are acquired by the smartphone 20 placed in two different positions (a) and (b), so that each image (21, 22) completely contains the characteristic dimension of the foot 10 that one wishes to determine, ie the length of the foot 50 (size), and at least three same markers 40 of the test chart 30.
• the length of the actual foot 50 is referenced respectively 51 and 52
• the foot 10 is referenced 11 and 12
• the three markers 40 of the test pattern 30 are referenced 41 and 42.
• the pattern 30 is identical to that described for Figure 2A.
• the estimation of the transformation T can be carried out according to different methods.
• the use of a 2D test pattern with at least 3 markers visible in the images is required.
• the estimation of the transformation T can be carried out as follows: in order to be able to estimate the movement of the smartphone between two shots, a paper pattern on which four markers are located is used.
• the movement of the image acquisition device, e.g. the smartphone, from one view to another is determined by the transformation matrix for passing four markers from the first image to the second image.
• M be the displacement matrix 3x3 with my coefficient at line i and at column j:
• Gl, G2, G3 and G4 be the markers of the image 1, and D1, D2, D3, D4 the corresponding markers of the image 2.
• the values of the coefficients my are obtained by mapping the markers between the two images. as a system and solving it by a less square type method.
• the measurement error evolves in the same way as for the implementation with an image described with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B: the measurements are very satisfactory for all the points of the foot close to the plane of the sight, and more and more approximate when the points are moving away from this plane.
• a characteristic dimension of the portion of the image body preferably a dimension of length type, i.e. a Euclidean distance between two points, knowing the transformation between two images.
• a characteristic dimension of the portion of the image body preferably a dimension of length type, i.e. a Euclidean distance between two points, knowing the transformation between two images.
• other types of characteristic dimensions that the length of the foot 50 (size) can be determined according to this implementation such as for example the length, width, height of different parts. of the foot, such as the dimensions referenced 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 6b, 6c and 9 in Table 1 below, and partly illustrated in FIG. figure 5.
• a perimeter of a body part it is also possible to determine a perimeter of a body part, if one makes a hypothesis on the geometric shape of the part of the body in question, for example if it is considered that said part has a cylindrical shape. In this case we can approximate the real perimeter by a single measurement of the apparent diameter of the body part in the image.
• at least one perimeter-type characteristic dimension is determined from n photographs taken in n different positions around the part of the body to be measured, n being greater than or equal to two, typically between 3 and 10 photographs, preferably between 3 and 5 photographs.
• the perimeter of a part of the body is determined by measuring on each photograph i, i ranging from 1 to n, the length of the apparent diameter di, and the perimeter p is estimated by means of the following formula (IV):
• FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an example of such an implementation, in which three images 21, 22 and 23 are acquired around a foot 10 placed on a target 30 carrying markers 40.
• the pattern is identical to that described in relation to the preceding figures.
• the smartphone 20 is therefore placed in 3 different positions (c), (d), and (e) around the foot 10.
• the instep to be measured is visible, and than the 3 markers 40 (references 41, 42, 43) of the target 30 (references 31, 32, 33).
• the perimeter 60, at the instep, is determined by measuring in each image 21, 22, and 23, the apparent diameter 61, 62 and 63, and applying the formula (IV).
• the calibration step is performed as described in relation to FIGS. 2A and 2B. Once the calibration matrix is established, it is possible to determine the actual length of the apparent diameter di measured in the image, and thus to estimate the perimeter using the formula (IV). According to another implementation, the measurement method comprises the following steps:
• the plane formed by the 2D target is expressed in the world marker, for example with the knowledge of the position of at least 3 markers of the target;
• At least one acquired image is superimposed on a generic 3D model of the part of the body to be measured, the model being previously calibrated with real generic dimensions of the part of the body to be measured, and;
• the projected 3D model is deformed on the image so as to make coincide characteristic points belonging to the plane formed by the 2D pattern of the photograph and the 3D model;
• the characteristic dimension, length or perimeter is determined from the deformed 3D model.
• the deformation of the 3D model can be done manually, with the intervention of an operator who modifies the points of the model using a pointing device or automatically by implementing an algorithm that adjusts the position of the points to satisfy a given criterion.
• the deformation of the 3D model is global, that is to say that from the mapping of the characteristic points belonging to the plane formed by the 2D pattern of the photograph and the 3D model, the 3D model is modified da ns his outfit. For example, if we make the base of the 3D model coincide with the length of the foot, we deform the entire 3D model of the foot in proportion to the transformation of the base of the 3D model.
• the acquisition of the photographs is guided by means of visual indications, such as the transparency display in the photograph of a drawing of the part of the body and the sight, or by means of sound indications such as a beep or tactile indications such as vibrations.
• visual indications such as the transparency display in the photograph of a drawing of the part of the body and the sight
• sound indications such as a beep
• tactile indications such as vibrations.
• the measuring method according to the invention is advantageously applied to the measurement of a foot, as illustrated in the various figures, and makes it possible to determine a characteristic dimension of the foot which is a characteristic dimension useful to a box, preferably selected from a length, a width, a height, a perimeter of a part of the foot.
• At least the size is measured, even more preferably at least the size, the size at the fingers, the instep, the entry, and the malleolus are measured, and even more preferably, all these points of measurement are measured. measuring, that is to say, at least one characteristic dimension for each of said measurement points, and preferably all the dimensions listed in Table 1 associated with each measurement point.
• At least two images acquired in a simple gesture which may comprise at least one of the following movements (a) to (d), are photographed:
• the images are acquired by performing 5 gestures corresponding to the movements (a) to (d).
• Figure 6 illustrates the described gestures associated with the acquisition of images. In identifiable markers 40, before taking pictures.
• diagrams (B) to (F) the movements of the smartphone 20 are indicated by arrows.
• Diagram (B) illustrates the translation movement 70 of the smartphone 20 above the foot 10 and the test pattern 30, performed in a substantially horizontal plane and in a direction perpendicular to the length of the foot so. This movement makes it possible to determine characteristic dimensions for the size of the fingers (2) and the instep (3).
• Diagram (C) illustrates the translation movement 71 of the smartphone 20 which is a translation movement inside the foot, in a substantially vertical plane and in a direction parallel to the length of the foot.
• the triggering of the taking of images can be carried out by the user or automatically by the image acquisition device.
• an automatic tracking in the image of the test pattern can be performed, and / or a tracking information inclinations and displacements through an accelerometer can also be achieved.
• One aspect of the invention relates to a tailor-made manufacturing process of a shoe, in which at least one characteristic dimension of the foot is determined by the measurement method described, and a tailor-made shoe is produced from said less a characteristic dimension of the foot.
• at least the size is determined, and even more preferably the characteristic dimensions of all the following measuring points: the size, the size to the fingers, the instep, the entrance, the malleolus, the ankle, the strong point of the calf, the knee, and the small toe-heel, to provide these measures to the bootmaker for the manufacture of the shoe.
• the tailor-made shoe is manufactured from the characteristic dimensions of all the measurement points listed above.
• the measuring method according to the invention can advantageously be applied to the measurement of another part of the human body than the foot, such as a hand or a neck.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to the manufacture of a fashion adapted to the morphology of a part of the human body, in which at least one characteristic dimension of said part of the body, preferably of one hand, is determined. neck or foot, by the measurement method described, and the tailor-made fashion accessory is made from said at least one characteristic dimension.
• the diameter of a finger of the hand, the diameter of the wrist, the diameter of the neck, or the diameter of a part of the foot such as the ankle are measured, for example to make an over-sized jewel such as a ring. , a bracelet, a necklace, or any other finery.

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• Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
• Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
• Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
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• 2016
  • 2016-12-15 FR FR1662478A patent/FR3060735B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2017
  • 2017-12-15 EP EP17832789.6A patent/EP3555559A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2017-12-15 WO PCT/FR2017/053623 patent/WO2018109421A1/fr unknown
  • 2017-12-28 EA EA201991588A patent/EA201991588A1/ru unknown

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