EP3553444A1 - Verbessertes wärmerohr - Google Patents

Verbessertes wärmerohr Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3553444A1
EP3553444A1 EP19168585.8A EP19168585A EP3553444A1 EP 3553444 A1 EP3553444 A1 EP 3553444A1 EP 19168585 A EP19168585 A EP 19168585A EP 3553444 A1 EP3553444 A1 EP 3553444A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plates
grooves
heat pipe
grooved
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19168585.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3553444B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Antoine Gruss
Mathieu Mariotto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP3553444A1 publication Critical patent/EP3553444A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3553444B1 publication Critical patent/EP3553444B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved functioning arterial heat pipe.
  • the invention belongs to the field of heat exchange devices, in particular heat pipes, more particularly heat pipes with arteries.
  • a heat pipe comprises a hermetically sealed enclosure, a working fluid and a capillary network. During manufacture, all the air present in the heat pipe is removed and an amount of liquid is introduced to saturate the capillary network. There is then establishment of a balance between the liquid phase and the vapor phase.
  • the liquid Under the effect of a hot source applied to one end, designated evaporator, the liquid vaporizes by inducing a slight overpressure which causes the movement of steam towards the second end, designated condenser. At the condenser, the steam condenses and returns to the liquid phase.
  • the condensed fluid circulates in the capillary network and returns to the evaporator under the effect of capillary forces. The return of the liquid fluid from the condenser zone to the evaporator zone is obtained by capillary pumping.
  • An arterial heat pipe is a heat pipe in which the return of the liquid phase from the condenser zone to the evaporator zone is physically separated from the channel in which the steam flows from the evaporator zone to the condenser zone.
  • the circulation of the liquid is made in an artery which is adjacent to the channel in which the vapor circulates.
  • An example of such a heat pipe is described in the document US 4 422 501 .
  • the canal is formed by a tube and the artery is formed by an adjacent tube.
  • Grooves are formed in the inner face of the channel so as to open into the artery, which ensures the flow of the liquid from the channel to the artery at the level of the condenser zone, and the supply of the evaporator zone of the channel through the liquid. The grooves ensure also the distribution in the evaporator zone to maximize the exchange coefficient.
  • Such a heat pipe makes it possible to operate in the absence of gravity, it is then generally used in the spatial field.
  • the artery heat pipes can experience a defusing related to the appearance of vapor bubble in the liquid artery, preventing the supply of liquid water to the channel at the evaporator zone.
  • the appearance of vapor bubbles is due to the conduction of heat from the evaporator zone to the artery via the walls of the tube forming the channel.
  • an artery heat pipe sometimes has a support plate on the outer surface of the steam channel opposite the artery and providing the heat supply to the evaporator zone and the extraction of heat to the condenser zone.
  • a heat pipe with a stack comprising between two end plates, at least one structured plate or perforated so as to define a steam channel and a liquid channel or artery and at least two grooved plates arranged on either side of the structured plate, the grooves putting in communication the steam channel and the artery.
  • the structured plate also has grooves for connecting a groove of a grooved plate to a groove of the other grooved plate.
  • the conduction of the heat of the face of the heat pipe to be heated to the artery is reduced, especially through the grooved plates which are very thin and have grooves. Indeed, they represent a quantity of conductive material reduced compared to non-grooved plates. The risk of defusing is reduced.
  • the heat pipe comprises a plurality of structured plates, each surrounded by two grooved plates.
  • the steam channel is separated into subchannels as well as the liquid channel.
  • Each steam subchannel is supplied with liquid by the grooves of the grooved plates.
  • a feed that is distributed throughout the steam channel and not only at the edges is obtained, the production of steam is improved.
  • the grooved plates ensure effective drainage of the liquid to the liquid channel in the condensation zone.
  • the face for heat exchange is formed by an edge of the stack formed by the edges of the stacked plates. This edge is for example parallel to the stacking direction.
  • the face intended for heat exchange can therefore be advantageously flat, which can promote heat exchange and simplify the contacting of the heat pipe with a hot source.
  • this face is formed directly during stacking. It is therefore not necessary to add planar faces, which is the case in heat pipes with grooves of the state of the art in which faces planes are provided on the outer face of the tubes, and for which there is a significant thermal resistance despite the fact that they are thermal conducting material.
  • the first window may have third grooves formed in an inner edge of the first post, the third grooves being arranged such that they connect a first groove of a grooved plate, and a first groove of another grooved plate forming with a groove.
  • second groove a closed groove bordering the inside of the first window.
  • the thickness of the n +1 grooved plates is between 0.5 mm and 1 mm and the thickness of the n perforated plates is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
  • perforated plates is or are formed by a set of thin perforated plates assembled to each other.
  • the first, second and third grooves preferably have a width of between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm.
  • the n + 1 grooved plates may have grooves distributed uniformly from the first end zone to the second end zone.
  • the heat pipe may comprise at least two perforated plates and three grooved plates and the steam channel and the liquid channel are divided into sub-steam channels and liquid sub-channels respectively by grooved plates, said vapor subchannels being in communication with each other by means of first grooves and the liquid subchannel being in fluid communication with each other by the first grooves.
  • each perforated plate may comprise the assembly of several thin plates.
  • the plates comprise an aluminum alloy core and on its outer faces an eutectic aluminum alloy with a melting point lower than that of the aluminum alloy core and the joining is obtained by eutectic soldering.
  • the heat pipe has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, this form is not limiting, as will be described in the following description.
  • the heat pipe extends along a longitudinal axis X.
  • the Y and Z axes are orthogonal to each other and to the X axis.
  • the Y direction corresponds to the thickness of the heat pipe and the Z direction corresponds to the height of the heat pipe. .
  • first face 2 through which the heat exchanges will take place, and a second face 4 opposite to the first face 2.
  • the first and second faces are connected by side walls 6 and end walls 8.
  • the first face 2 comprises at a first longitudinal end 2.1 a surface intended to be in thermal contact with a heat source and designated hot surface, and at a second longitudinal end 2.2, a surface intended to be in thermal contact with a cold source, and designated cold surface.
  • the heat pipe has a vaporization zone ZV located in the heat pipe to the right of the hot surface, a zone of condensation ZC located in the heat pipe to the right of the cold surface.
  • the vaporization zone ZV and the condensation zone ZC are connected by an adiabatic zone ZA
  • an arterial heat pipe like that of the invention, is divided into a CV channel in which the vapor of the vaporization zone flows to the condensation zone, and a CL channel or artery in which the liquid circulates. from the second end to the first end.
  • the CV steam channel is divided into subchannels 14, designated vapor subchannels, and the liquid channel CL is divided into sub-channels 16, designated liquid subchannel.
  • the vapor subchannels 14 and the liquid subchannels 16 extend between the first end and the second end. As will be explained below, the vapor subchannels are in fluid communication with each other and the liquid subchannels are in fluid communication with each other. In addition, the liquid subchannels are in fluid communication with the vapor subchannels.
  • the body of the heat pipe is obtained by stacking and solidifying plates of different structure to delimit the vapor and liquid channels and establish the communications between the liquid and vapor channels.
  • the end plates 18 are full. At least one of them has one or two orifices (not shown) for filling the heat pipe fluid. This or these orifices are then sealed.
  • the Figures 3, 4 and 5 represent the structures of the plates composing the stack forming the heat pipe.
  • the perforated plates, a perforated plate 20 is shown alone on the figure 4 , comprise a first window 24 of larger size and a second window 26 of smaller size separated by an inner upright 30.
  • the first window 24 has an outer upright 32 for forming a portion of the first surface.
  • the second window has an outer upright 34 for forming a portion of the second surface.
  • the inner pillar is parallel to the two outside pillars 32, 34.
  • the face of the inner pillar 30 on the side of the first window is also provided with grooves 38 extending between the two faces of the perforated plate 20 and opening into the two faces.
  • the inner face 32.1 of the outer upright 32 is provided with grooves 36 extending between the two faces of the perforated plate 20 and opening into the two faces.
  • the perforated plate 20 comprises a plurality of finer identical openwork plates assembled together, which simplifies the manufacture, for example when the added plate has a thickness greater than 1 mm.
  • the grooved plates 22, one of which is shown alone on the figure 5 has grooves 40 extending in the Z direction and dimension along the Z axis sufficient to be both in the vapor channels and in the liquid channels.
  • the grooves do not open at the ends of the plate 22 in the Z direction.
  • the grooves are through in the Y direction, ie they pass through the thickness of the plate.
  • the grooves 40 allow on the one hand a communication between the steam subchannels between them through the grooves 40, and on the other hand the communication between the liquid subchannel and the steam subchannels along the grooves 40 according to the direction Z.
  • the stack comprises two grooved plates 22 'in contact with the closing plate 18, the grooves 40' has a closed bottom, these grooves only serve for the circulation between the liquid subchannel and the steam subchannels.
  • the stack comprises interposed groove plates 22 arranged in the width of the vapor and liquid channels in the Y direction.
  • each groove 40 is in the same plane as a groove 36 and a groove 38 then forming a continuous groove bordering the interior of a steam channel.
  • the depths of the grooves 36, 38 and 40 are advantageously equal.
  • the stack alternates perforated plates 20, in one piece or having a plurality of perforated fine plates, and the grooved plates 22.
  • each perforated plate, integral or having a plurality of fine perforated plates, is surrounded two grooved plates 22.
  • each perforated plate integral or having a plurality of perforated thin plates, defines with two grooved plates, a steam subchannel and a liquid subchannel separated by the inner pillar.
  • the stack of the inner uprights 30 forms a partition wall between the liquid channel and the steam channel.
  • the grooves 40 allow the liquid to pass between the steam channel and the liquid channel and between the liquid sub-channels between them and between the vapor sub-channels between them.
  • the groove through the transverse wall separating the liquid channel from the steam channel can be seen.
  • the perforated plates integral or having a plurality of perforated fine plates, are thicker than the grooved plates, they ensure the rigidity of the heat pipe.
  • the grooved plates are advantageously made as thin as possible so as to reduce the amount of thermal conductive material between the hot surface and the liquid channels, and reduce the risk of occurrence of vapor bubbles in the liquid channels.
  • the grooves have a width of 0.2 mm and a depth of 0.2 mm equal to the thickness of the grooved plates.
  • the distance between the grooves is 0.8 mm.
  • the width of the grooves is for example between 0.2 mm and 1 mm, and the depth of the grooves is for example between 0.2 mm and 1 mm.
  • the thickness of the perforated plates in one piece is for example between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
  • the thinner plates have for example a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 1 mm.
  • the thickness of the grooved plates is equal to the depth of the grooves, it is for example between 0.2 and 1mm.
  • the distance between the grooves is for example between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
  • the interval between grooves is for example between 0.5 mm to 10 mm
  • the plates are joined to each other in a sealed manner, for example by welding diffusion, bonding ... the assembly technique depends on the materials of the plates.
  • the stack comprises at least two grooved plates 22 and a perforated plate 20, and preferably at most ten grooved plates 22 and nine perforated plates 20, in one piece or having a plurality of perforated fine plates.
  • the filling fluids used in the heat pipe and intended to vaporize and to be condensed, usable are fluids used in a known manner in the heat pipes.
  • the fluid is selected according to the operating temperature range and storage of the device. In addition, other criteria such as pressure, flammability, toxicity of the fluid may be taken into account.
  • the fluid is also selected so that it is compatible with the plate materials and the method of assembly.
  • the vaporizer zone ZV is heated by the hot source through the hot surface, the fluid in the vapor subchannels is vaporized, and moves towards the condensing zone ZC through the adiabatic zone in the steam subchannels. .
  • the vapor that reaches the condensation zone is cooled through the surface 2.2, the vapor condenses and the liquid is deposited on the walls of the steam subchannels, on the inner faces of the uprights 30 and 32 and on the grooved plates 22 and 22 '.
  • the liquid then flows to the liquid subchannels in the grooves 40.
  • the grooves 36 and 38 assist in draining the liquid in the condensation zone to the liquid channels.
  • the intermediate grooved plates provide liquid collection at the center of the steam channel, the plates 22 'collect the liquid on the side walls of the steam channel, and the grooves 40, 40' drain the liquid to the liquid channel.
  • Liquid located in the liquid subchannel at the second end of the heat pipe flows to the first end of the heat pipe in the liquid subchannel.
  • the liquid is then in the liquid sub-channels to the right of the vaporization zone.
  • the liquid then re-energizes the vaporization zone by capillarily migrating the liquid subchannels to the vapor subchannels in the grooves 40, then circulates in the grooves 36 and is vaporized again.
  • the grooves 40 of the intermediate grooved plates provide a liquid supply of the vaporization zone in the center of the channel and the grooves 40 'ensure a circulation of the liquid on the side walls of the steam channel.
  • the grooves 38 participate in the distribution of the liquid which evaporates over the entire width of the steam channel.
  • the grooves 36 distribute the unexpired liquid near the hot source over the width of the steam channel.
  • the grooves 36 and 38 increase the evaporation surfaces.
  • Liquid replenishment of the vaporization zone and collection of the liquid in the condensation zone are improved, optimizing the operation of the arterial heat pipe.
  • the communication between the vapor subchannels further allows a balancing of the pressures.
  • the communication between the liquid sub-channels allows a uniform distribution of the liquid throughout the width of the liquid channel.
  • the grooved plates can be made very thin and are also provided with a large number of grooves, the amount of material to conduct heat from the first face to the liquid subchannels is reduced , which reduces the risk of liquid heating in the liquid subchannels and the appearance of vapor bubbles, which would lead to the defusing of the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe then has an improved operation compared to those of the state of the art.
  • the number and the spacing of the grooves are chosen so as to ensure the integrity of the grooved plate and to limit the losses of loading.
  • the grooves promote capillary pumping from the liquid zone to the vapor zone.
  • the risk of non-liquid supply of the vaporization zone is reduced.
  • the grooves are present on the entire grooved plate between the vaporization zone and the condensation zone, limiting the transfer of heat between the face 2 and the face 4.
  • the steam channel and the liquid channel are divided into several sub-channels by interlayered grooved plates, a heat pipe in which the steam channel and the single liquid channel are not divided into subchannels, ie having a perforated plate surrounded by two grooved plates and two end plates is not beyond the scope of the present invention.
  • grooves 40 may be inclined relative to the direction Z, In addition, the grooves may not be parallel to each other.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention can be made of different materials such as, for example, an aluminum alloy, copper, stainless steel.
  • the technique of joining the sheets depends on the material.
  • solder diffusion solder diffusion, bonding ...
  • the assembly of aluminum alloy plates is obtained by eutectic soldering.
  • Aluminum alloy plates are used in known manner, one or both of which faces or is coated with an aluminum alloy having a lower melting point.
  • an alloy sheet of the AA3xxxx series core is used, with a coating with a eutectic alloy of the AA4xxxx series comprising silicon having a lower melting point.
  • the coating is typically done by a roll-bond technique.
  • the total thickness of the plates is typically 0.05 mm to 5 mm, with a coating typically of 5% to 10% of the total thickness.
  • the eutectic alloy melts on the surface and forms a solder alloy. sealing assembly between the two plates.
  • a first capillary pumping heat pipe of the state of the art with rectangular grooves has longitudinal grooves 610, as shown in FIG. figure 6 . This is done by extrusion.
  • Each heat pipe has a length of the evaporator of 50 mm, a length of the adiabatic zone of 100 mm, a length of the condenser of 110 mm
  • Each heat pipe is made of copper.
  • the average temperature of the heat pipe is 60 ° C, which is approximately the vapor temperature in the adiabatic heat pipe zone.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention is substantially more efficient than the heat pipe with rectangular grooves of the state of the art, regardless of the inclination of the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention is substantially more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the temperature of the heat pipe.
  • Each heat pipe has an evaporator length of 200 mm, a length of the adiabatic zone of 600 mm, a length of the condenser of 200 mm
  • Each heat pipe is made of aluminum alloy.
  • the average temperature of the heat pipe is 60 ° C.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention is substantially more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the temperature of the heat pipe.
  • Plates of a given material are cut in the desired outer shape for the heat pipe.
  • the windows are made in all perforated plates 20, in one piece or having a plurality of perforated thin plates.
  • the windows are made for example by punching, laser cutting, water jet cutting or through-through etching ...
  • the grooves are made in the plates 22, for example by mechanical machining or chemical etching.
  • the plates are then stacked alternately perforated plates 20, in one piece or having a plurality of perforated thin plates, and the grooved plates 22, so as to delimit the vapor subchannels and liquid subchannels.
  • Grooved plates 22 are disposed at the ends so that the end channels also have grooves on both their faces, and then closure plates are provided on the grooved plates 22 to laterally close the channels.
  • the plates are assembled, the assembly technique being chosen according to the material or materials of the plates, for example welding, brazing, gluing ... the assembly of the plates is sealed.
  • the heat pipe is then filled.
  • a filling port was provided in one of the closure plates during the manufacture of the plates.
  • the fluid is chosen according to the operating conditions of the heat pipe (operating temperature, etc.) and the compatibility with the material or materials of the heat pipe.
  • the parallelepipedal shape of the heat pipe or at least provided with flat faces can facilitate its integration. Moreover, it gives it flexibility and a degree of freedom in its realization.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
EP19168585.8A 2018-04-11 2019-04-11 Verbessertes wärmerohr Active EP3553444B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1853172A FR3080170B1 (fr) 2018-04-11 2018-04-11 Caloduc a artere a fonctionnement ameliore

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3553444A1 true EP3553444A1 (de) 2019-10-16
EP3553444B1 EP3553444B1 (de) 2020-11-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19168585.8A Active EP3553444B1 (de) 2018-04-11 2019-04-11 Verbessertes wärmerohr

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EP (1) EP3553444B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3080170B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4325155A1 (de) 2022-08-17 2024-02-21 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Wärmerohr mit nichtzylindrischem querschnitt mit einem verdampfer mit verbesserter dampf-flüssigkeits-grenzflächenstruktur zur erhöhung der kochgrenze

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7051793B1 (en) * 1998-04-20 2006-05-30 Jurgen Schulz-Harder Cooler for electrical components
WO2011019847A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Molex Incorporated Heat transporting unit and electronic device
EP2811251A1 (de) * 2013-06-04 2014-12-10 ABB Research Ltd. Kühlvorrichtung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7051793B1 (en) * 1998-04-20 2006-05-30 Jurgen Schulz-Harder Cooler for electrical components
WO2011019847A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Molex Incorporated Heat transporting unit and electronic device
EP2811251A1 (de) * 2013-06-04 2014-12-10 ABB Research Ltd. Kühlvorrichtung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4325155A1 (de) 2022-08-17 2024-02-21 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Wärmerohr mit nichtzylindrischem querschnitt mit einem verdampfer mit verbesserter dampf-flüssigkeits-grenzflächenstruktur zur erhöhung der kochgrenze
FR3138943A1 (fr) 2022-08-17 2024-02-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Caloduc à section transversale non cylindrique, comprenant un évaporateur à structure d’interface vapeur/liquide améliorée afin d’augmenter la limite d’ébullition.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3080170B1 (fr) 2020-11-27
EP3553444B1 (de) 2020-11-04
FR3080170A1 (fr) 2019-10-18

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