EP3728977B1 - Wärmetauscher mit elementen und platten mit oberflächenstrukturierung - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher mit elementen und platten mit oberflächenstrukturierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3728977B1
EP3728977B1 EP18833697.8A EP18833697A EP3728977B1 EP 3728977 B1 EP3728977 B1 EP 3728977B1 EP 18833697 A EP18833697 A EP 18833697A EP 3728977 B1 EP3728977 B1 EP 3728977B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
oriented
insert element
surface texturing
pair
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EP18833697.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3728977A1 (de
Inventor
Frédéric Crayssac
Marc Wagner
Nicolas Richet
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of EP3728977A1 publication Critical patent/EP3728977A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plate-fin type heat exchanger comprising a surface texturing spacer, as well as a method of manufacturing such an exchanger.
  • the present invention finds particular application in the field of gas separation by cryogenics, in particular air separation by cryogenics (known by the acronym "ASU" for air separation unit) used for the production of gaseous oxygen under pressure.
  • ASU air separation by cryogenics
  • the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes a liquid flow, for example liquid oxygen, nitrogen and / or argon by heat exchange with a circulating gas, for example example air or nitrogen.
  • the heat exchanger is located in the bottom of a distillation column, it can constitute a vaporizer operating in thermosiphon for which the exchanger is immersed in a liquid bath descending the column or a vaporizer operating in film vaporization fed directly by the liquid falling from the column and / or by a recirculation pump.
  • the present invention can also be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least one flow of liquid-gas mixture, in particular a flow of mixture with several constituents, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least another fluid, for example natural gas.
  • the technology currently used for an exchanger is that of brazed aluminum plate and fin or wave exchangers, which make it possible to obtain very compact devices offering a large exchange surface.
  • These exchangers include separating plates between which are inserted heat exchange structures, generally corrugated or wave structures, formed of a succession of fins or wave legs, thus constituting a stack of passages for the different fluids to be placed. in heat exchange relationship.
  • the performance of an exchanger is linked to the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange structures in contact with the fluids.
  • the heat exchange coefficient of a structure depends in particular on the nature of the material constituting it, on the porosity of this material, on its roughness and on the flow regime of the fluids.
  • brazing a filler metal
  • Another possibility is to texturize the heat exchange structures after brazing these structures in the exchanger.
  • the object of the present invention is to resolve all or part of the above-mentioned problems, in particular to facilitate the manufacture of a heat exchanger of the brazed plate and fin type having exchange structures with improved thermal properties.
  • the Figure 1 schematically illustrates an example of passage 33 of an exchanger 1 of the vaporizer-condenser type supplied with liquid oxygen.
  • This vaporizer-condenser vaporizes the liquid oxygen OL under low pressure (typically slightly higher than atmospheric pressure) collected at the bottom of a column, by condensation of medium pressure nitrogen (typically 5 to 6 bars absolute) circulating in passages adjacent passages 33 (not shown) dedicated to the circulation of oxygen.
  • the medium pressure nitrogen is most often taken in the gaseous state at the top of a medium pressure air distillation column to which the low pressure column mentioned above is connected. After passing through and at least partial condensation in the vaporizer-condenser, this nitrogen is returned to the medium pressure column.
  • the exchanger 1 can vaporize at least one flow of liquid-gas mixture, in particular a flow of mixture with several constituents, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas.
  • the invention may relate to a method of exchanging heat between a first fluid and at least a second fluid in a heat exchanger according to the invention, said first fluid flowing in passage 33 at a lower pressure or equal to 5 bar, preferably a pressure of between 1 and 2 bar.
  • All or part of the passages 33 of the exchanger 1 are provided with intermediate elements 22 defining, within the passages 33, channels 26 for the circulation of liquid oxygen and which can take different forms.
  • the spacers 22 may have wavy shapes, as shown in the Figures 3 and 4 , and comprise wave legs 123 connected alternately by wave tops 121 and wave bases 122.
  • the term “fins” is used to refer to the wave legs which connect the successive peaks and bases of the wave. 'wave.
  • the spacers 22 may take other particular shapes defined according to the desired fluid flow characteristics. More generally, the term “fins” covers blades or other secondary heat exchange surfaces, which extend between the primary heat exchange surfaces, that is to say the plates of the exchanger, in the passages of the exchanger.
  • the intermediate elements 22 are generally connected by brazing to the separator plates of the exchanger.
  • the connection can be carried out by vacuum brazing with the use of a filler metal 30, called brazing or brazing agent, the assembly being obtained by melting and diffusion of brazing agent 30 within the parts to be brazed, c 'that is to say in the base metal, without melting them.
  • the Figure 2 is a partial view of an intermediate element 22 assembled to a first plate 6 adapted to define, in association with another directly adjacent second parallel plate 7 (not shown), a passage 33 of the exchanger 1.
  • the intermediate element 22 and the plate 6 respectively comprise assembly portions 121, 60 intended to be assembled with one another.
  • the assembly portions 121, 60 are positioned against each other, preferably with a slight clearance between them in order to interpose the brazing agent 30 therein.
  • the assembly portions 121, 60 may be those where the clearance between the parts 22, 6 is the smallest, typically the portions at which the parts 22, 6 are in contact with one another or in quasi-contact, that is to say with a very low clearance existing between all or part of said portions, one with the other.
  • the intermediate element 22 comprises several fins or wave legs 123 configured to delimit, when the element 22 is mounted between the first plate 6 and the second plate 7, a plurality of channels 26 for the flow of the first fluid.
  • the element 22 further comprises at least a first assembly portion 121 configured to be assembled with the first plate 6 and comprising a first pair of opposing secondary surfaces 121a, 121b, one 121a of the secondary surfaces of the first pair being oriented towards the side of the first plate 6 and the other 121b of the secondary surfaces of the first pair being oriented towards the side of the second plate 7 when the spacer 22 is in the mounted state.
  • the spacer 22 further comprises at least one surface texturing 23 in the form of a porous structure or reliefs formed on a surface of the spacer 22.
  • At least one surface texturing 23 is present on a surface of at least one fin or wave leg 123 of the intermediate element 22.
  • the intermediate element may have one or more predetermined forms of surface texturing distributed over different areas of its surface, it being understood that a surface texturing can just as well be carried out in the surface of the material constituting the intermediate element as be deposited there, this is that is to say result from an addition of additional material on the surface of the intermediate element.
  • said first assembly portion 121 has the surface texturing 23 on at least that 121a of the secondary surfaces of the first pair oriented towards the side of the first plate 6.
  • the first plate 6 includes a first pair of opposing primary surfaces 6a, 6b and exhibits the surface texturing 23 on at least that 6b of the primary surfaces 6a, 6b facing the side of the spacer 22.
  • the inventors of the present invention have demonstrated that for certain applications, the assembly of intermediate elements with surface texturing could be carried out without particular preparation of the assembly portions and lead to satisfactory performance in terms of mechanical strength. This is particularly the case when, in operation, the channels 26 defined between the parts 22, 6 channel a first fluid whose pressure is relatively low, typically less than or equal to 5 bar, preferably a pressure between 1 and 2 bar. , as is the case in the oxygen passages of the vaporizer-condenser described above.
  • the manufacturing process is simplified since the surface texturing 23 can be formed or deposited on the surface of the plate and of the intermediate element without requiring an additional masking or post-treatment step aimed at eliminate the surface texturing of the portions to be assembled. Texturing is formed on the parts before assembly, which preserves the integrity of the exchanger matrix.
  • the first assembly portion 121 has the surface texturing 23 on the secondary surface 121b of the first pair oriented towards the side of the second plate 7.
  • the fins or wave legs 123 include a third pair of opposing secondary surfaces 123a, 123b.
  • the first assembly portion 121 of the first intermediate element 221 is arranged between two successive fins or wave legs 123, the surface 121b oriented towards the side of the second plate 7 having two ends each connected to a secondary surface 123a of each of the two fins or wave legs 123.
  • both of the surfaces 123a, 123b of the third pair exhibiting the surface texturing 23.
  • two successive fins or wave legs 123 define between them a channel 26 whose wall formed by the first assembly portion, and the side walls, formed by the two fins 123, has internal surfaces with an exchange coefficient. improved thermal.
  • the intermediate element 22 has at least one second assembly portion 122 configured to be assembled with the second plate 7, said second assembly portion 122 comprising a second pair of opposing secondary surfaces 122a, 122b. , one 122a of the secondary surfaces of the second pair being oriented towards the side of the first plate 6 and the other 122b of the surfaces side of the second pair being oriented towards the side of the second plate 7.
  • the second assembly portion 122 has the surface texturing 23 on its two secondary surfaces 122a, 122b of the second pair oriented towards the side of the second plate 7.
  • the second assembly portion 122 of the intermediate element 22 can be arranged between two fins or wave legs 123, the surface 122a of the second pair oriented towards the side of the first plate 6 having two ends each connected to a surface secondary 123b of each of the two fins or wave legs 123, said surface 122a of the second pair and said secondary surfaces 123b exhibiting the surface texturing 23.
  • the manufacturing process of the intermediate element is simplified since the surface texturing can be formed or deposited on all or almost all of the surfaces of the intermediate element without requiring an additional masking or post-step. treatment aimed at eliminating the surface texturing of the portions to be assembled.
  • the surface texturing 23 is formed on all or almost all of the intermediate element 22.
  • almost all of a surface or an element means a portion representing at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98 % of the area of that area or of the total area of that feature.
  • the intermediate element 22 is a corrugated product comprising a succession of wave legs 123 connected alternately by wave tops 121 and wave bases 122. At least one wave tip 121 comprises a first assembly portion 121 according to the invention.
  • intermediate element 22 can take any other suitable shape and does not necessarily include all the characteristics detailed below.
  • the Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a corrugated heat exchange structure 22.
  • Several elongated wave legs 123 extend parallel to each other and generally in a so-called longitudinal direction z.
  • the wave legs follow one another in a lateral direction x, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction z, and are connected alternately by wave tops 121 and wave bases 122.
  • the wave tops 121 and the wave bases 122 are planar in shape and extend parallel to each other and perpendicular to the wave legs 123.
  • the channels 26 for the first fluid which are formed between two legs of the wave. successive wave and a top or a base arranged between said successive wave legs, thus have a generally rectangular cross section.
  • the Figure 4 illustrates a straight wave having wave legs 123 with a flat surface.
  • Other configurations of intermediate element 22 are of course conceivable, in particular configurations of the perforated straight wave, partially offset wave, wave with waves or herringbone (“herringbone” ) type.
  • FIG. 5 An element 22 according to Figure 4 is visible on Figures 5 Where 6 in the mounted state, that is to say mounted between a first and a second directly adjacent plate 6, 7 forming a passage 33.
  • the passage 33 is of generally parallelepipedal shape and configured to channel the first fluid parallel to the direction longitudinal z.
  • the first fluid flows over the width of the passage 33, measured in the lateral direction x, between an inlet and an outlet of the passage 33 located at two opposite ends along the length of the passage 33, measured in the longitudinal direction z .
  • the wave legs 123 define within the passage 33 a plurality of channels 26 which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction z.
  • the element 22 preferably extends over almost all, if not all, of the height of the passages, measured in a vertical direction y perpendicular to the plates 6, 7, so as to be in contact or almost in contact with the plates 6, 7.
  • the wave tops 121 and the wave bases 122 are arranged parallel to the plates 6, 7.
  • the intermediate element 22 is arranged in a so-called “ easyway ” configuration in the passage 33, that is to say that the wave legs 123 extend generally in the direction of flow of the first fluid in the passage. passage 33.
  • the direction of flow of the first fluid is preferably vertical, the direction of flow can be upward or downward.
  • an intermediate element 22 according to the invention can be arranged in a zone 3 of a passage 33 of the exchanger into which the rising oxygen penetrates, the intermediate element thus having on the surface porosities or reliefs multiplying the sites of initiation for the formation of the oxygen gas bubbles OG.
  • each wave top 121 comprises a first assembly portion 121 according to the invention.
  • the surface 121a of the wave apex positioned against the first plate 6 thus exhibits at least one surface texturing 23.
  • positioned against are understood to mean an assembly portion juxtaposed to a plate, with or without play existing between all or part of the portion and the plate.
  • each wave base 122 comprises a second assembly portion 122 configured to be assembled, in the mounted state, with the second plate 7.
  • said second assembly portion comprises a second pair of opposed surfaces 122a, 122b, that 122b of the surfaces of the second pair oriented towards the side of the second plate 7 having at least one surface texturing 23.
  • each wave leg 123 comprises a third pair of opposing surfaces 123a, 123b, both of the surfaces 123a, 123b of the third having said surface texturing 23, preferably over all or almost all of it.
  • said first assembly portions 121, the fins or wave legs 123, and said second assembly portions 122 if present, are in one piece, i. e. formed from a single piece.
  • the Figure 5 illustrates an example where all the wave legs 123 have at least one surface texturing on their two surfaces 123a, 123b.
  • Each channel 26 thus has two side walls, the internal surfaces of which are intensified.
  • the first assembly portion 121 also has the surface texturing 23 on the surface 121b of the first pair positioned, in the mounted state, against the second plate 7.
  • the second assembly portion 122 may also have the surface texturing 23 on the surface 122a of the second oriented pair, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate 6. This makes it possible to maximize the surface texturing area 23 present on the spacer 22 and therefore to maximize the efficiency of heat transfer within the channels 26 delimited by the intermediate element.
  • each channel 26 has an internal surface formed, in the mounted state, alternately by the surface 122a of a wave base 122 oriented towards the first plate 6, the surface 6b of the first plate 6 oriented towards the base. wave 122 and the respective surfaces 123a, 123b of the two wave legs 123 connected to the ends of said wave base 122, and by the surface 121b of a wave top 121 oriented towards the second plate 7, the surface 7a of the second plate 7 oriented towards the wave top 121 and the respective surfaces 123a, 123b of the two wave legs 123 connected to the ends of said wave top 121.
  • the corrugated product 22 exhibits the surface texturing 23 on all or almost all of its surfaces.
  • the corrugated product 22 can be formed from a flat product, such as a sheet or strip, having two opposite surfaces 22a, 22b. Both of these surfaces 22a, 22b have the surface texturing 23.
  • This product is then shaped mechanically, for example by a press tool, then arranged in a passage of the exchanger.
  • At least one surface texturing 23 is formed on one and the other of said opposite faces 22a, 22b.
  • the opposite faces 22a, 22b on which the surface texturing 23 is formed exhibit said texturing, on their whole or almost all of them.
  • the face 22a gives rise, after shaping, to the surfaces 121a, 123b, 122a of the corrugated product of the Figure 4 .
  • the face 22b gives rise, after shaping, to the surfaces 123a, 121b, 122b of the corrugated product of the Figure 4 .
  • a face means a portion representing at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98% of the surface area of this face.
  • all the surfaces of the product 22 located, in the mounted state, on the side of the second plate 7 and all the surfaces of the product 22 located, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate 6, therefore have a surface texturing 23.
  • the corrugated product 22 is preferably formed from a flat product, such as a sheet or strip, having a thickness of at least 0.15 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. This thickness is indicated by the letter "t" on the Figure 3 .
  • the implementation of a surface texturing 23 requires significant heat fluxes, in particular when the function of the surface texturing 23 is to intensify the boiling of the first fluid. It is therefore advantageous to use a relatively thick intermediate element, in order to maintain the highest possible fin coefficient, that is to say better ability of the fins to transmit heat.
  • the fin coefficient is a number typically comprised between 0 and 1, the latter being equal to 1 at the point of contact with an adjacent plate and decreasing on the fin when moving away from the plate.
  • the point in the middle of the fin is the point where the fin coefficient is lowest.
  • the corrugated product 22 has a density, defined as the number of wave legs per unit length measured along the lateral x direction, of less than 18 legs per 2.54 centimeters, preferably less than 10 legs d. wave by 2.54 centimeters, more preferably less than or equal to 5 legs per 2.54 centimeter.
  • the density can be between 1 and 5 legs per 2.54 centimeters. Note that these density values are applicable to an intermediate element which is not necessarily a corrugated product, the fins following one another in the lateral direction x and the density then being defined as the number of fins per unit length, measured in the lateral direction x.
  • the use of a relatively low density makes it possible to facilitate the phase of depositing the surface texturing on the fins or wave legs, their surface being more accessible.
  • the use of a lower density spacer facilitates the removal of bubbles created at the surface texturing.
  • the intermediate element 22 comprises a solid substrate, or in other words a solid substrate, in particular a non-porous substrate, on which the texturing 23 is formed.
  • the substrate is visible in black on the figures 5 Where 6 for example.
  • the substrate may comprise one or more first and / or second assembly portions, the fins or wave legs.
  • the surface texturing 23 covers all or almost all of the substrate.
  • the intermediate element is preferably in one piece, that is to say formed in a single piece.
  • the surface texturing 23 may result from a surface coating deposited on the element or else from a modification of the surface condition of said component parts obtained by a chemical, mechanical or equivalent treatment, for example by sandblasting, grooving, etc.
  • the texturing 23 aims to modify the surface state of the intermediate element and not to deform all or part of the intermediate element.
  • the surface texturing 23 may result from a surface coating deposited on the substrates of the intermediate elements, in particular a coating deposited by the liquid route, in particular by dipping, spraying or by the electrolytic route, by the dry route, in particular by deposition.
  • a surface coating deposited on the substrates of the intermediate elements in particular a coating deposited by the liquid route, in particular by dipping, spraying or by the electrolytic route, by the dry route, in particular by deposition.
  • CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • CVD Physical Vapor Deposition
  • thermal spraying in particular by flame or by plasma.
  • the surface texturing is formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy comprising, for 100% of its mass, at least 80% by mass of aluminum, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least. minus 99% aluminum.
  • the surface texturing 23 is in the form of a porous structure, preferably a porous layer.
  • the porous structure can for example be formed from a deposit of lightly sintered aluminum particles, entangled aluminum filaments, semi-molten aluminum particles stuck to each other, such as aluminum particles which are obtained after projection obtained by thermal projection by flame.
  • the surface texturing 23 has, before assembly of the intermediate element, an open porosity of between 15 and 60%, preferably between 20 and 45%, more preferably an initial open porosity of between 25 and 35% ( % in volume).
  • the open porosity is defined as the ratio between the volume of the open pores, that is to say the pores fluidly communicating with the external environment in which the intermediate element considered is located, and the total volume of the porous structure.
  • the pores of the porous structure 23 preferably have a diameter of between 1 and 200 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 and 100 ⁇ m. It being noted that the pores are not necessarily of circular section but can have irregular shapes.
  • the term “diameter” therefore also covers an equivalent hydraulic diameter which can be calculated from measurement of the pressure drop undergone by a gas flow through the porous structure and assuming that the pores have a regular shape, in particular spherical, cylindrical, ...
  • the size of the pores can also be characterized by their volume.
  • the pores of the porous structure 23 have a volume of between 1,000 and 1,000,000 ⁇ m 3 .
  • the volume of the pores may for example be determined by tomography or by analysis of images of polished sections of samples taken in a multitude of directions in space.
  • the surface texturing 23 may be in the form of reliefs, or patterns, printed or produced in or on the surface of the material constituting the substrate of an intermediate element.
  • these reliefs define, in cross section, cavities open to the surface of the element.
  • micro-reliefs or various size or morphology, such as grooves, discrete or uninterrupted, striations, protuberances, ... could be formed or deposited on the surface of the element considered.
  • the reliefs forming the surface texturing 23 can be produced by laser or mechanical and / or chemical machining.
  • micro-reliefs reliefs which have at least one characteristic dimension which is low compared to a dimension of the element, in particular reliefs which extend a height, measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the element. interlayer exhibiting the texturing, and / or a width, measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the interlayer element exhibiting the texturing, of the order of a few micrometers and several hundred micrometers.
  • the intermediate element 22 can be assembled at least to the first plate 6, preferably to the first and second plates 6, 7 by brazing.
  • the assembly of the intermediate element 22 with the plates 6, 7 is obtained by melting and diffusing the brazing agent 30 within the textures, and possibly the base metal, of the element. interlayer and plates.
  • the texturations of the intermediate element and The plates are thus metallurgically bonded by means of the brazing agent 30.
  • the brazing between the first and second assembly portions 121, 122 of the intermediate element and the plates 6, 7 is carried out as part of the overall brazing of the matrix of the exchanger.
  • the stack of plates, the intermediate elements and the other constituent elements of the exchanger are pressed against each other by means of a compression device.
  • the matrix thus formed is placed in a vacuum oven and heated to temperatures between 550 and 650 ° C, preferably of the order of 580 to 600 ° C.
  • the compressive force applied to the die is generally of the order of 20,000 to 40,000 N / m 2 .
  • the plates 6, 7 of the exchanger are co-laminated plates comprising a central sheet 40, each face of which is coated with a layer of brazing agent 30.
  • a layer of brazing agent 30 An example of such a plate 6 is illustrated in Figure 2 .
  • the brazing agent 30 can take the form of a strip or a surface coating layer 30.
  • the coating layer 30 can be deposited by spraying or by brushing the coating.
  • the brazing agent 30 is preferably formed of a metallic material having a melting temperature lower than that of the constituent materials of the parts 6, 22.
  • the parts 6, 22 and 30 are preferably formed of an aluminum alloy.
  • the plates 6 and the elements 22 of the exchanger are advantageously formed from a first aluminum alloy of the 3XXX family, preferably of the 3003 type (ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B standard).
  • the brazing agent 30 is formed from a second aluminum alloy, preferably an alloy of the 4XXX type (ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B standard), in particular of the 4004 type.
  • the first and second plates 6, 7 respectively comprise a first and a second pair of opposed primary surfaces 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b.
  • the first and second plates 6, 7 have, at least on the portions of their surfaces primary 6b, 7a extending opposite the element 22, the surface texturing 23.
  • each of the first and second plates 6, 7 forms with another adjacent plate another fluid passage (not shown).
  • Other intermediate elements 22 are also arranged in these other passages in accordance with the invention.
  • the primary surfaces 6a, 7b of the first and second plates oriented towards these other elements and extending opposite said other elements also exhibit at least one surface texturing.
  • the first and second plates 6, 7 respectively have a brazing agent 30 in the form of a coating layer arranged between the primary surface 6b of the first plate 6 oriented towards the side of the spacer 22 and the texturing surface formed on said primary surface 6b, a brazing agent 30 in the form of a coating layer arranged the primary surface 7a of the second plate 7 oriented towards the side of the spacer 22 and the surface texturing 23 on said primary surface 7a.
  • the brazing agent 30 has a thickness less than 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 50 and 200 ⁇ m.
  • an excess of solder is avoided which would be detrimental to the performance of the exchanger since, by flowing outside the zone of the soldered joint, the solder could modify the microstructure of the coating or of the surface texturing and therefore its performance. , by filling the porosities or cavities or by promoting the closure of the open porosity of the element with an intensified surface.
  • the height of the element 22 can be adapted to the height of the passage 33 so that there is a play of a predetermined value, as indicated by the reference "d" on the figure.
  • Figure 6 between the wave tops 121 and the first plate 6 and between the wave bases 122 and the second plate 7. This makes it possible to prevent capillary rise of brazing agent outside the area of the brazed joint during l 'vacuum brazing step, which can be detrimental to the performance of the exchanger since, by flowing, the solder can modify the microstructure of the surface texturing by filling in the porosities or cavities present on the surface.
  • the clearance d is between 0 and 0.1 mm, preferably between 0 and 0.05 mm.
  • the intermediate element 22 can be assembled at least to the first plate 6, not by brazing, but by metallurgical connection obtained directly between the surface texturing 23 present on that 121a of the secondary surfaces of the first assembly portion 121 oriented on the side of the first plate 6 and the surface texturing 23 present on that 6b of the primary surfaces of the first plate 6 oriented towards the side of the intermediate element 22.
  • the inventors of the present invention have demonstrated that by bringing the surface texturing portions of the intermediate element and of the adjacent plate into contact, they could bond together due to their high heating. temperature combined with the effect of the compressive force exerted during vacuum brazing of the entire exchanger.
  • This method of assembly is particularly advantageous when the passages 33 are not placed under overpressure, or else at a low pressure, that is to say less than or equal to 5 bar, during operation of the exchanger, the requirements in terms of mechanical strength of the exchanger then being less important.
  • the direct metallurgical bond can be carried out by a method of sintering the texturations leading to their densification by diffusion of material.
  • the direct metallurgical connection can be produced by a metal interdiffusion process, also called diffusion welding, which leads to the bonding of the texturations to each other by mutual diffusion of material.
  • connection can be made between the surface texturing 23 present on that 122b of the secondary surfaces of the second assembly portion 122 oriented towards the side of the second plate 7 and the surface texturing 23 present on that 7a of the primary surfaces. of the second plate 7 oriented towards the side of the intermediate element 22.
  • the primary surfaces 6b, 7a of the first and second plates 6, 7 oriented towards the side of the intermediate element 22 are free of brazing agent 30 on their portions extending opposite said intermediate element 22 .
  • the direct metallurgical connection between the first and second assembly portions 121, 122 of the intermediate element and the plates 6, 7 is made as part of the overall brazing of the matrix of the exchanger.
  • the stack of plates, the intermediate elements and the other constituent elements of the exchanger are pressed against each other by means of a compression device.
  • Contact zones are thus formed between at least a first plate and one or more first assembly portions of the intermediate elements and / or between at least a second plate and one or more second assembly portions of the intermediate elements.
  • the matrix thus formed is placed in a vacuum oven and heated to temperatures between 550 and 650 ° C, preferably between 580 and 600 ° C.
  • the compressive force applied to the die is preferably between 20,000 and 40,000 N / m 2 .
  • the die is subjected to a brazing thermal cycle for a total duration of between 10 and 30 hours.
  • a thermal cycle with which it is possible to metallurgically bond texturations of surfaces directly to one another consists of a first temperature ramp corresponding to a gradual rise in temperature up to the solidus temperature of alloy 4004, i.e. 565 ° C, in 4h43min, maintaining a temperature above 565 ° C for 3h30min and a second temperature ramp corresponding to a gradual change in temperature from 565 ° C to 585 ° C for a period of 2h30min.
  • the passage 33 has the shape of a parallelepiped delimited by two longitudinal edges and two lateral edges.
  • Closure bars are arranged between the first and the second plate and extend along each edge of the passage so as to close it over its entire height and to ensure its sealing. The mechanical strength of the stack of plates is ensured by brazing the plates with the closing bars.
  • the intermediate element 22 has, before being assembled in the passage 33, a predetermined height h, measured in a stacking direction y perpendicular to the plates 6, 7, slightly greater than the height H of the passage 33.
  • the height h of the intermediate element 22 is greater than that H of the passage 33 by a multiplying factor of between 1.01 and 1.07.
  • the Figures 5 and 6 shows a closing bar 16 which extends in the height H of the passage 33 along a longitudinal edge.
  • the primary surfaces 6b, 7a of the first and second plates 6, 7 oriented towards the side of the spacer element 22 are free from surface texturing 23 on their portions extending opposite the closure bar 16.
  • An agent brazing 30 is arranged between said portions and the closure bar 16.
  • the closure bar can be brazed more firmly to the plates 6, 7, which provides greater mechanical strength to the exchanger.
  • the surface texturing 23 is modified at the level of said first assembly portion 121 and of the respective portion 60 of the plate 6 positioned. against the first assembly portion 121.
  • at least part of the surface texturing 23 is infiltrated by the brazing agent 30 at the level of the assembly portions 220, 60 This effect is related to the compressive force applied to the brazed parts and to the flow of the brazing agent in the texturing.
  • the open porosity or the cavities of the surface texturing 23 can be completely or partly filled by the brazing agent 30 or by mutual nesting of texturations at the level of the first assembly portion 121 and of the portion respective 60 of plate 6.
  • the surface texturing 23 has, at the level of the first assembly portion 121 and of the respective portion 60 of the plate 6, a residual open porosity of between 0% and 90%. %, preferably between 10% and 50%, of the initial open porosity, that is to say before formation of the bond (0% indicating that the initial open porosity is completely filled following brazing or direct bonding) .
  • the surface texturing 23 may have, before bonding, at the assembly portions 220, 60, an initial volume of pores or open cavities. After bonding, the surface texturing 23, at the level of the first assembly portion 121 and of the respective portion 60 of the plate 6, a residual volume of pores or open cavities representing from 0% to 90%, preferably of 10% to 50%, of the initial volume of pores or open cavities.
  • the surface texturing 23 is kept outside the first assembly portion 121 and the respective portion 60 of the plate 6.
  • the surface texturing 23 has, outside the portions d. 'assembly 121, 60, an open porosity identical or almost identical to the initial open porosity and / or a volume of pores or open cavities identical or almost identical to the volume of pores or open cavities initial.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Wärmetauscher des Typs mit gelöteten Platten und Rippen, welcher eine Vielzahl von Platten umfasst, die parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, so dass sie eine Reihe von Durchlässen für das Fließen eines ersten Fluids definieren, das in eine Wärmeaustauschbeziehung mit wenigstens einem zweiten Fluid gebracht werden soll, wobei wenigstens ein Einlageelement (22) in einem zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten Platte (6, 7) ausgebildeten Durchlass (33) angeordnet ist und umfasst:
    - wenigstens einen ersten Montageabschnitt (121), der an der ersten Platte (6) anliegend positioniert ist, wobei der erste Montageabschnitt (121) ein erstes Paar von einander gegenüberliegenden sekundären Flächen (121a, 121b) umfasst, von denen eine (121a) der Seite der ersten Platte (6) zugewandt ist und die andere (121b) der Seite der zweiten Platte (7) zugewandt ist,
    - wenigstens eine Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) in der Form einer porösen Struktur oder von Reliefs, die auf einer Fläche des Einlageelements (22) ausgebildet sind,
    - mehrere Rippen oder Wellenschenkel (123), die im Inneren des Durchlasses (33) mehrere Kanäle (26) für das Fließen des ersten Fluids begrenzen, wobei wenigstens eine Rippe oder ein Wellenschenkel (123) die Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Montageabschnitt (121) die Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) auf wenigstens derjenigen (121a) der sekundären Flächen des ersten Paares aufweist, die der Seite der ersten Platte (6) zugewandt ist, und die erste Platte (6) ein erstes Paar von einander gegenüberliegenden primären Flächen (6a, 6b) umfasst und die Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) auf wenigstens derjenigen (6b) der primären Flächen (6a, 6b) aufweist, die der Seite des Einlageelements (22) zugewandt ist.
  2. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Montageabschnitt (121) die Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) auf der Fläche (121b) des ersten Paares aufweist, die der Seite der zweiten Platte (7) zugewandt ist.
  3. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einlageelement (22) wenigstens einen zweiten Montageabschnitt (122) aufweist, der an der zweiten Platte (7) anliegend positioniert ist, wobei der zweite Montageabschnitt (122) ein zweites Paar von einander gegenüberliegenden sekundären Flächen (122a, 122b) umfasst, wobei eine (122a) der sekundären Flächen des zweiten Paares der Seite der ersten Platte (6) zugewandt ist und die andere (122b) der sekundären Flächen des zweiten Paares der Seite der zweiten Platte (7) zugewandt ist, wobei der zweite Montageabschnitt (122) die Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) auf der Fläche (122b) des zweiten Paares aufweist, die der Seite der zweiten Platte (7) zugewandt ist.
  4. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Platte (7) ein zweites Paar von einander gegenüberliegenden primären Flächen (7a, 7b) umfasst, wobei diejenige (7a) der primären Flächen (7a, 7b), die der Seite des Einlageelements (22) zugewandt ist, wenigstens zum Teil die Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) aufweist.
  5. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine Rippe oder ein Wellenschenkel (123) ein drittes Paar von einander gegenüberliegenden sekundären Flächen (123a, 123b) umfasst, wobei sowohl die eine als auch die andere der Flächen (123a, 123b) des dritten Paares die Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) aufweisen.
  6. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rippen oder Wellenschenkel (123, 223) in einer seitlichen Richtung (x) aufeinanderfolgen und sich in dem Durchlass (33) im Wesentlichen in einer Längsrichtung (z) erstrecken, welche parallel zur ersten und zweiten Platte (6, 7) und orthogonal zu der seitlichen Richtung (x) ist.
  7. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) in der Form einer porösen Struktur vorliegt, die eine offene Porosität zwischen 15 und 60 % aufweist, vorzugsweise eine offene Porosität zwischen 20 und 45 % (Volumen-%), oder in der Form von Reliefs, die im Querschnitt offene Hohlräume an der Oberfläche des ersten und zweiten Einlageelements (221, 222) definieren.
  8. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Lötmittel (30) zwischen der ersten Platte (6) und dem Einlageelement (22) und/oder zwischen der zweiten Platte (7) und dem Einlageelement (22) angeordnet ist.
  9. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lötmittel (30) in der Form wenigstens einer Überzugsschicht vorliegt, die zwischen der primären Fläche (6b) der ersten Platte (6), die der Seite des Einlageelements (22) zugewandt ist, und der Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) und/oder zwischen der primären Fläche (7a) der zweiten Platte (7), die der Seite des Einlageelements (22) zugewandt ist, und der Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) angeordnet ist.
  10. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lötmittel (30) eine Dicke aufweist, die kleiner als 300 µm ist und vorzugsweise zwischen 50 und 200 µm beträgt.
  11. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die primären Flächen (6b, 7a) der ersten und zweiten Platte (6, 7), die der Seite des Einlageelements (22) zugewandt sind, kein Lötmittel (30) auf ihren Abschnitten aufweisen, die sich gegenüber dem Einlageelement (22) erstrecken.
  12. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einlageelement (22) in den Durchlass (33) durch Zusammenbau wenigstens des ersten Montageabschnitts (121) mit der ersten Platte (6) eingebaut ist, wobei der Zusammenbau durch metallurgische Verbindung der Oberflächenstrukturierung (23), die auf derjenigen (121a) der sekundären Flächen des ersten Montageabschnitts (121) vorhanden ist, die der Seite der ersten Platte (6) zugewandt ist, mit der Oberflächenstrukturierung (23), die auf derjenigen (6b) der primären Flächen der ersten Platte (6) vorhanden ist, die der Seite des Einlageelements (22) zugewandt ist, durchgeführt wird, wobei die Oberflächenstrukturierungen (23) direkt oder über ein Lötmittel (30) miteinander verbunden werden.
  13. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchlass (33) im Wesentlichen die Form eines Quaders hat, der von zwei Längsrändern und zwei seitlichen Rändern begrenzt wird, wobei wenigstens eine Schließstange (16) sich in der Höhe (H) des Durchlasses (33) erstreckt, die als der Abstand zwischen der ersten Platte (6) und der zweiten Platte (7) definiert ist, der in einer zu den Platten (6, 7) senkrechten Stapelungsrichtung (y) entlang wenigstens eines der Längsränder und seitlichen Ränder des Durchlasses (33) gemessen wird, wobei die primären Flächen (6b, 7a) der ersten und der zweiten Platte (6, 7), die der Seite des Einlageelements (22) zugewandt sind, keine Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) auf ihren sich gegenüber der Schließstange (16) erstreckenden Abschnitten aufweisen.
  14. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Lötmittel (30) auf den Abschnitten der der Seite des Einlageelements (22) zugewandten primären Flächen (6b, 7a) der ersten und der zweiten Platte (6, 7) angeordnet ist, die sich gegenüber der Schließstange (16) erstrecken.
  15. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einlageelement (22), bevor es in den Durchlass (33) eingebaut wird, eine vorbestimmte Höhe (h) aufweist, gemessen in einer zur ersten und zweiten Platte (6, 7) senkrechten Stapelungsrichtung (y), die ein wenig größer als die Höhe (H) des Durchlasses (33) ist, die als der Abstand zwischen der ersten Platte (6) und der zweiten Platte (7) definiert ist, der in einer zu den Platten (6, 7) senkrechten Stapelungsrichtung (y) gemessen wird.
  16. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers des Typs mit gelöteten Platten und Rippen, wie in Anspruch 1 definiert, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Anordnen mehrerer Platten (6, 7) parallel zueinander, so dass sie eine Reihe von Durchlässen für das Fließen eines ersten Fluids definieren, das in eine Wärmeaustauschbeziehung mit wenigstens einem zweiten Fluid gebracht werden soll,
    - Anordnen wenigstens eines Einlageelements (22) in einem zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten Platte (6, 7) ausgebildeten Durchlass (33), wobei das Einlageelement (22) mehrere Rippen oder Wellenschenkel (123) umfasst, die im Inneren des Durchlasses (33) mehrere Kanäle (26) für das Fließen des ersten Fluids begrenzen,
    - Ausbilden wenigstens eines Bereichs des Kontakts oder Quasi-Kontakts zwischen wenigstens einem ersten Montageabschnitt des Einlageelements (22) und der ersten Platte (6), wobei der erste Montageabschnitt (121) ein erstes Paar von einander gegenüberliegenden sekundären Flächen (121a, 121b) umfasst, wobei eine (121a) der Flächen des ersten Paares der Seite der ersten Platte (6) zugewandt ist und die erste Platte (6) ein erstes Paar von einander gegenüberliegenden primären Flächen (6a, 6b) umfasst, von denen eine (6b) der Seite des Einlageelements (22) zugewandt ist,
    wobei die sekundäre Fläche (121a) und die primäre Fläche (6b) wenigstens eine Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) in der Form einer porösen Struktur oder von Reliefs, die auf Flächen der ersten Platte (6) und des Einlageelements (22) ausgebildet sind, aufweisen, wobei der Zusammenbau des ersten Montageabschnitts (121) mit der ersten Platte (6) ohne Lötmittel durchgeführt wird, wobei wenigstens eine Rippe oder ein Wellenschenkel (123) die Oberflächenstrukturierung (23) aufweist, wobei das Verfahren außerdem die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Ausüben einer Druckkraft und Zuführen von Wärme wenigstens am Bereich des Kontakts oder Quasi-Kontakts, um so eine metallurgische Verbindung direkt zwischen den Oberflächenstrukturierungen (23) auszubilden.
EP18833697.8A 2017-12-19 2018-12-17 Wärmetauscher mit elementen und platten mit oberflächenstrukturierung Active EP3728977B1 (de)

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FR1762417A FR3075339B1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2017-12-19 Echangeur de chaleur avec elements et plaques a texturation de surface
PCT/FR2018/053333 WO2019122655A1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2018-12-17 Echangeur de chaleur avec elements et plaques a texturation de surface

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FR3114378B1 (fr) * 2020-09-18 2022-12-23 Higel Francois Système de chauffage solaire
CN112696949A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-23 江苏卓然恒泰低温科技有限公司 一种铝制板翅式换热器两相流均布装置

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US5514248A (en) * 1990-08-20 1996-05-07 Showa Aluminum Corporation Stack type evaporator
FR2834783B1 (fr) * 2002-01-17 2004-06-11 Air Liquide Ailette d'echange thermique, son procede de fabrication et echangeur de chaleur correspondant
US20040251008A1 (en) 2003-05-30 2004-12-16 O'neill Patrick S. Method for making brazed heat exchanger and apparatus
FR2865027B1 (fr) 2004-01-12 2006-05-05 Air Liquide Ailette pour echangeur de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur muni de telles ailettes
CN102322765A (zh) * 2011-09-19 2012-01-18 无锡市冠云换热器有限公司 一种具有球形凹凸的矩形波状翅片
JP6225042B2 (ja) * 2014-02-14 2017-11-01 住友精密工業株式会社 プレートフィン熱交換器、及び、熱交換器用コルゲートフィンの製造方法

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