EP3548834B1 - Matériaux auto-incandescents, munition traceuse et dispositifs d'éclairage - Google Patents

Matériaux auto-incandescents, munition traceuse et dispositifs d'éclairage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3548834B1
EP3548834B1 EP17829364.3A EP17829364A EP3548834B1 EP 3548834 B1 EP3548834 B1 EP 3548834B1 EP 17829364 A EP17829364 A EP 17829364A EP 3548834 B1 EP3548834 B1 EP 3548834B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ammunition
pellet
glow
stealth
tracer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
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EP17829364.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3548834A1 (fr
Inventor
James J. Reuther
Paul E. SHAWCROSS
Chad M. Cucksey
Ronald L. Loeser
John R. Leach
Jason E. Paugh
Emmet Mark TACKETT
James D. GOMBARICK
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Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
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Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
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Priority claimed from US15/366,269 external-priority patent/US10557696B2/en
Priority claimed from US15/366,323 external-priority patent/US10422613B2/en
Application filed by Battelle Memorial Institute Inc filed Critical Battelle Memorial Institute Inc
Publication of EP3548834A1 publication Critical patent/EP3548834A1/fr
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Publication of EP3548834B1 publication Critical patent/EP3548834B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type
    • F42B12/382—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type emitting an electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser beam or infrared emission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to light-producing materials, and in particular to novel self-glowing solid materials and their use in novel tracer ammunition. This invention also relates in particular to novel illuminants and their use in novel illumination devices.
  • Tracer ammunition includes bullets and other projectiles that include a mechanism to provide a visible artifact enabling the shooter to see the path of the ammunition upon firing.
  • Tracer ammunition may include a small pyrotechnic charge of powder filled into a cavity manufactured into the base. This charge can be ignited by the burning gun powder, and, once ignited, burns very brightly enough to be visible to the bare eye. The tracer allows the shooter to see the projectile trajectory and make aiming corrections as necessary.
  • Conventional tracer ammunition suffers from the disadvantage of being visible not only to the shooter but also to others, including potentially the target or enemies. This allows the enemy to identify the source of the gunfire and to return fire to the shooter.
  • Conventional tracer ammunition also suffers from the disadvantage that as the powder pyrotechnic charge burns and leaves the cavity, the mass of the projectile decreases, and as a result the ammunition has erratic terminal ballistics which diminish targeting accuracy.
  • the powdered pyrotechnic materials conventionally used in tracer ammunition create environmental and hazardous material problems. They are dangerous and difficult to transport, handle and machine, which increases costs.
  • the exothermic incendiary nature of the pyrotechnic materials makes them a fire hazard. Thus, for example, tracer ammunition has frequently resulted in fires on training ranges.
  • US Patent No. 8,402,896 by Hollerman et al. (University of Louisiana), "Hybrid-Luminescent Munition Projectiles", involves small arms tracers and their observability.
  • US Patent No. 7,661,368 by Riess et al. (RUAG Ammotec), "Hard-Core Jacketed Bullet with Tracer Composition", discloses tracer bullets containing an illuminant composition.
  • the patents differ from the present invention in the materials used, the mode of action, and other aspects.
  • US9347753 B1 discloses a non pyrotechnical low observable tracer comprising an incandescent coating on its base.
  • Light-producing chemicals are widely used in the pyrotechnics and defense industries to add bright effects to an application or event.
  • military bases often make use of "spotting" rounds when training gun crews. These rounds include a warhead containing an illuminant fill that produces a flash of light upon impact, thereby allowing the crew to track the proximity of its impact about the intended target and make any necessary aiming adjustments.
  • the patent literature includes inventions relating to military training rounds that produce a visible signature to mark their point of impact.
  • US Patent Application No. 2013/0199396 by Kroden et al. (Amtec), "Non-Dud Signature Training Cartridge and Projectile” discloses a military training cartridge projectile containing a pyrophoric powder that ignites and burns to provide a detectable indication of projectile impact with an object.
  • US Patent No. 8,783,186 by Scanlon et al. (Alloy Surfaces), "Use of Pyrophoric Payload Material in Ammunition Training Rounds” discloses ammunition containing a pyrophoric metal powder that produces a bright flash when the ammunition hits a target.
  • the patent documents differ from the present invention in the materials used, the resulting signature, and other aspects.
  • a self-glowing solid material comprises a man-made metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal and an oxide of iron.
  • the material is inducible by flame initiation to self-glow with yellow-to-red colors (577-to-700 nanometer wavelengths).
  • a stealth tracer ammunition comprises a projectile body having a tip and a base, and a solid pellet disposed in the base.
  • the pellet may be made from the above-mentioned self-glowing solid material or another suitable material.
  • the pellet becomes incandescent as a result of being heated when the ammunition is fired.
  • the incandescent pellet emits a glow observable only from behind when the ammunition travels downrange after being fired.
  • An illuminant comprises a bimodal blend of a man-made metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal and an oxide of iron.
  • the bimodal blend is a blend of smaller-sized fragments and larger-sized pellets.
  • the illuminant is capable of ignition and dispersion in response to ballistic energy to create illumination.
  • the ballistic energy may be energy applied to the illuminant during launch and/or upon impact with a target, and the illumination may be streamers or a flash.
  • An illumination device comprises a body having an interior cavity, the body configured to be launched as a projectile or configured to contain projectiles.
  • the illumination device may be a projectile or a shotgun shell for use as a path or target spotting round.
  • An illuminant is disposed in the cavity of the body.
  • the illuminant comprises a bimodal blend of a suitable illuminant material.
  • the illuminant material may comprise the above-mentioned man-made metal mixture or another man-made material containing at least one rare earth metal.
  • the illuminant is capable of ignition and dispersion in response to ballistic energy to create illumination.
  • the present invention relates to a stealth tracer ammunition.
  • the invention further relates to a method of coordinating fire.
  • the present invention relates to man-made solid materials which, when exposed to flame with a sufficiently high temperature, "self-glow", not just from heating but also from reaction chemistry, and in particular from exothermicity.
  • the materials provide the form, fit and function for a solution to problems with current tracer ammunition and other applications.
  • the self-glowing solid material comprises a man-made metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal and an oxide of iron.
  • the oxide of iron may be Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , possibly other oxide(s), or a mixture of different oxides.
  • the material is inducible by flame initiation to self-glow with yellow-to-red colors (577-to-700 nanometer wavelengths).
  • the self-glowing solid material is a misch metal containing an oxide of iron (in contrast to misch metals containing iron instead of iron oxide), and the misch metal is ferrocerium.
  • a “misch metal” (German for “mixed metal”) is an alloy of rare earth metals.
  • Ferrocerium is a misch metal containing the rare earth metals cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium, plus an oxide of iron and/or magnesium oxide to increase hardness.
  • a commercial off-the-shelf ferrocerium may contain about 20% iron oxide, Fe 2 O 3 , about 39% cerium, about 18% lanthanum, about 14% neodymium and about 7% praseodymium.
  • Ferrocerium in the form of a cylindrical pellet with a lacquer coating, is used as a spark-producing/fire-starting element in cigarette lighters.
  • the Material Safety Data Sheet for ferrocerium in this form states that it is "not flammable” and “does not burn", and that ferrocerium pellets have been subjected to 927°C (1700°F) over a prolonged period without flammability.
  • 927°C 1700°F
  • the present inventors discovered in exploratory tests that there is a threshold flame temperature required to induce self-glowing by ferrocerium.
  • the threshold temperature is believed to be about 1600°C (2912°F). This was demonstrated by exposing a ferrocerium pellet to a butane/air diffusion flame ( ⁇ 1300°C; 2372°F) of a lighter, which did not result in self-glowing. However, self-glowing was induced when the pellet was exposed to a premixed butane/air flame ( ⁇ 1900°C; 3452°F). It is believed that this temperature threshold is a reason why ferrocerium's ability to self-glow was not known before.
  • a ferrocerium pellet having a diameter of 2.3 mm, a length of 4.7 mm, and a mass of 0.12 gram was exposed ( ⁇ 1 second) to the tip of a premixed butane/air torch flame (peak temperature ⁇ 1900°C; 3452°F). After removing the flame, the pellet first glowed “red” then "yellow-hot” for about 5 seconds, then went dark/cold. The glow was defined by the physical shape and size of the pellet. Cooled, the pellet remained intact but friable, with no weight loss.
  • pellets are used having a relatively low aspect ratio to optimize the self-glowing; for example, an aspect ratio (L/D) of about 1 or less, more particularly about 0.9 or less, more particularly about 0.8 or less, or more particularly about 0.7 or less.
  • the relatively low aspect ratio differentiates the pellets from rods which have a larger aspect ratio.
  • the glow is self-sustaining after the flame is removed from the pellet.
  • the self-glow persists for at least about 5 seconds, or at least about 10 seconds, and up to about 30 seconds after exposure to a flame with a temperature of about 1600°C (2912°F) or hotter.
  • the self-glow begins after exposure to the flame has ended. It is believed that the self-glow is caused by an internal exothermic chemical reaction.
  • the self-glow can be induced in an environment with no oxygen, and the pellet continues to glow in an environment without oxygen. The glow self-propagates throughout the pellet after flame exposure.
  • the iron oxide content of the self-glowing solid material affects the reaction chemistry by which it can be made to self-glow.
  • An increased iron oxide content is believed to increase the ease-of-initiation, brightness, and persistence of the self-glow. The more the onboard oxygen in the iron oxide, the less the reaction in the pellet needs to affix oxygen from the surrounding air, allowing the chemistry to initiate earlier and burn brighter longer. Also, an increased iron oxide content increases the hardness of the material, which is an advantage in many applications.
  • the self-glowing solid material has an iron oxide content of at least about 20 wt%.
  • the material is further iron-oxide enriched, having an iron oxide content of at least about 23 wt%, at least about 25 wt%, at least about 27 wt% or at least about 30 wt%.
  • the material has an increased iron oxide content, but retains proportionate levels of rare earth metals, allowing the hardness of configurations made of it to be increased such that they withstand harsher environments, such as acceleration forces from fired ammunition in gun barrels.
  • a misch metal according to the invention may have an iron oxide content of at least about 20 wt%, a cerium content of about 37 wt% to about 41 wt%, a lanthanum content of about 16 wt% to about 20 wt%, a neodymium content of about 12 wt% to about 16 wt%, and a praseodymium content of about 5 wt% to about 9 wt%.
  • the present invention relates generally to classes of man-made materials, misch and Auer metals, including but not limited to ferrocerium, which can be induced by flame-initiation to self-glow with yellow-to-red colors (577-to-700 nanometer wavelengths).
  • the material is a metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal and an oxide of iron.
  • the invention also relates to a material as described above wherein the self-glow is bright enough to be visible to the bare eye in daylight, and visible with the use of a thermal or infrared vision scope at night, at a distance of up to about 800 meters when used in small caliber ammunition.
  • the invention also relates to a material as described above having self-glowing with shape, size, duration, and visibility defined by the geometry and dimensions of the configuration in which the material is formed including, but not limited to, solid or hollowed-out right cylinders or discs.
  • the invention also relates to a material as described above having self-glowing that is initiated by a flame but whose visibility is not by virtue of an external flame plume but rather by virtue of incandescence.
  • the invention also relates to a material as described above wherein the material retains its original physical form (configuration) and does not decrease in mass during the duration of the self-glow.
  • the invention further relates to a material as described above wherein the material is configured as a cone-shaped or a pyramid-shaped disc having a tip and a base, which when the tip is directed toward an observer, the area of the self-glow increases as the material moves downrange, maintaining visibility as the distance between the material and the observer increases and the glow physically diminishes in diameter.
  • the present invention relates to a stealth tracer ammunition according to independent claim 1.
  • the tracer ammunition of the invention overcomes the above-described disadvantages associated with current tracer ammunition.
  • the ammunition In flight, the ammunition emits glowing light like "car tail lights" observable by bare eyes for hundreds of meters but only from behind when flying downrange, providing stealth regarding the shooter location. Also, the ammunition glows without losing mass during flight, allowing it to match the terminal ballistics/targeting precision of corresponding non-tracer ball or slug ammunition.
  • the light-producing material used in making the tracer ammunition is non-hazardous and safe for the environment.
  • the material is not difficult, unsafe, or expensive to transport, handle or machine.
  • the material is non-flammable so it does not present a fire hazard during manufacture or use of the ammunition.
  • the technology of the invention can be used with any of a number of different types of projectiles used as ammunition.
  • This can include, for example, projectiles ranging from small projectiles used with pistols, rifles or shotguns, to larger projectiles used with mortars, cannons or howitzers.
  • This can include small (0.22in.-0.50in.), medium (30-40mm) or large (105-155mm)-caliber military and civilian ammunition.
  • a cartridge 100 is a type of ammunition typically used with a refile or pistol ("firearms").
  • a cartridge packages a bullet 10, a propellant 102 and a primer 104 within a case 106 that fits precisely within the firing chamber of a firearm.
  • a firing pin strikes the primer and ignites it, and a jet of burning gas from the primer ignites the propellant.
  • High-temperature gases from the burning propellant pressurize the case and propel the bullet through the barrel of the firearm and on a path toward a target.
  • a stealth tracer bullet 10 having a body 12 including a tip 14 and a base 16.
  • the base 16 of the bullet 10 will be seated in the open front end of a case (not shown) containing propellant and having an attached primer to produce a cartridge as described above.
  • the bullet 10 includes a jacket 18 encasing a core 20.
  • the jacket 18 is elongated and generally cylindrical.
  • the jacket 18 tapers toward the tip 14 and has a reduced diameter ("boat tail") at the base 16.
  • the jacket 18 can be made from copper, copper alloy, or any other suitable hard metal or material.
  • the core 20 can be made from any suitable metal or other material, and is typically a relatively dense metal such as lead, copper, tungsten, iron, or alloys thereof.
  • the bullet 10 further includes a solid pellet 22 according to the invention disposed in its base 16.
  • the pellet 22 becomes incandescent as a result of being heated when the ammunition is fired.
  • the pellet 22 is heated by the burning propellant in the case of the ammunition, but the pellet may be heated by any other suitable heat source.
  • the pellet 22 can be made from any suitable material capable of producing the incandescent glow.
  • the pellet 22 is made from a self-glowing solid material according to the invention as described above. Such a material enables the production of a pellet which is relatively dense, hard and lightweight.
  • the mass of the pellet may be about 25-75% less than the mass of current tracer material.
  • the pellet has a mass of from about 0.1 to about 75grams, or more particularly from about 0.5 to about 3grams. The pellet is hard enough to survive gun barrel launch and does not fragment.
  • the material used to make the solid pellet is machinable, non-hygroscopic, odor/gas-less, and solid-state. Machining of the material does not require specialized tools, techniques or added safety.
  • the pellet can be manufactured by any suitable method.
  • the solid material is shaped using slow-speed machining processes and techniques that allow high precision.
  • the incandescent pellet 22 emits a glow observable only from behind when the bullet 10 travels downrange after being fired.
  • observation only from behind is meant that the visibility angle is less than 180° (where the "visibility angle” is defined as an angle having a vertex on the bullet and centered on a line between the bullet and the shooter). In certain embodiments, the visibility angle is not less than about 90°.
  • the solid pellet 22 can be disposed in the base 16 of the bullet 10 in any suitable manner providing the above-mentioned stealth characteristic.
  • the pellet 22 is embedded and/or recessed into the bottom of the base 16.
  • the jacket 18 of the bullet 10 extends downward a short distance past the bottom of the core 20, leaving a recessed area or cavity 24 inside the bottom of the jacket 18.
  • the pellet 22 may be press fit or otherwise securely disposed inside the recessed area or cavity 24, a feature that can be incorporated into the bullet during manufacture by drilling into the core or enveloping it in copper casing.
  • the pellet 22 stays attached to the bullet 10 during acceleration and flight of the bullet after firing.
  • the solid pellet 22 can have any suitable size.
  • the pellet 22 is scalable so that it can be sized to fit into different sizes of ammunition. For example, it may be sized to fit directly into the base of a bullet having a caliber within a range of 0.22inch to 0.50inch.
  • the pellet 22 has a diameter which is from about 85% to about 95% of the diameter of 0.22inch-to-40mm small-to-medium caliber ammunition, or from about 15% to about 25% of the diameter of 105mm-to-155mm large caliber ammunition.
  • the solid pellet 22 can have any suitable shape.
  • the pellet 22 is generally disc-shaped and may be referred to as a disc.
  • the disc is shaped as a cone, a pyramid, a right cylinder, or a center-perforated right cylinder.
  • the pellet 22 is a disc that is shaped as a right circular cylinder.
  • the pellet 32 is a disc that is shaped as a cone having a tip 34 directed outward from the rear of the bullet.
  • the pellet 42 is a disc that is shaped as a perforated right circular cylinder. The disc has a circular hole 44 through its center.
  • the pellet 22 remains solid during the duration of the glow. This allows the shape and size of the glow to be defined by the geometry/dimensions of the pellet 22.
  • the glow has a diameter of from about 5 to about 25 millimeters.
  • the glow is visible to the bare eye of a shooter at a distance of up to about 800 meters for small caliber ammunition, up to about 1200 meters for medium caliber ammunition, and up to about 4000 meters for large caliber ammunition.
  • Figs. 1B and 2B illustrate one way in which the shape and size of the glow can be defined by the geometry/dimensions of the pellet.
  • the shapes from left to right show the pellet as it appears with increasing downrange distance of the bullet, as viewed from behind the bullet at a slight angle offline.
  • the light area in the center of the pellet is the area of the glow.
  • the pellet 22 having the shape of a right cylinder results in a glow area 50 that decreases with increasing downrange distance of the bullet.
  • the pellet 32 having the shape of a cone with a rearward directed tip results in a glow area 52 that increases with increasing downrange distance of the bullet.
  • the increasing glow area 52 maintains visibility as the distance from the shooter to the bullet increases.
  • the glow from the pellet persists after the bullet breaks contact with the burning propellant in the gun barrel. In certain embodiments, the glow persists for a time from about 1 second to about 30 seconds after exposure to the burning propellant. In certain embodiments, the glow is visible after firing the ammunition for a time of from about 1 second to about 10 seconds. The duration of the glow is not limited and can be extended to various weapons' ranges.
  • the stealth tracer technology of the invention can have a number of market and product applications.
  • the market for this tracer ammunition is global, focusing on Joint Arms Services (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Special Operations) and law enforcement agencies.
  • Another market is tracer ammunition for recreational civilian shooters worldwide.
  • a method of coordinating fires according to the invention, as described in independent claim 11 comprises: firing ammunition by multiple shooters at intended targets, the ammunition including a solid man-made metal mixture containing at least one rare earth metal which emits a glow observable only from behind when the ammunition travels down range after being fired; the glow providing a visual cue unseen by the intended targets onto which the multiple shooters are coordinating combined fires without the need to verbally communicate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Munition traçante furtive (10) comprenant :
    un corps de projectile (12) ayant une pointe (14) et une base (16) ; et
    une pastille solide (22) disposée dans la base du corps de projectile ;
    la pastille devenant incandescente du fait de son échauffement lors du tir de la munition ;
    la pastille incandescente émettant une lueur observable uniquement de l'arrière lorsque les munitions se déplacent vers l'avant après avoir été tirées ;
    la pastille étant constituée d'un mélange métallique artificiel contenant au moins un métal de terres rares et un oxyde de fer, caractérisé en outre en ce que
    le mélange de métaux artificiel est composé de ferrocérium,
    dans lequel le ferrocérium est du ferrocérium enrichi en oxyde de fer comprenant au moins 23 % en poids d'oxyde de fer.
  2. Munition traçante furtive selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un boîtier métallique, polymère, composite ou énergétique ayant une extrémité ouverte dans laquelle le corps de projectile est logé, le boîtier contenant un propulseur qui brûle pour générer la propulsion du corps de projectile lorsque la munition est tirée, le propulseur brûlant chauffant la pastille pour provoquer l'incandescence de la pastille.
  3. Munition traçante furtive selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la pastille incandescente ne diminue pas en masse lorsque la munition se déplace vers l'avanat après avoir été tirée.
  4. Munition traçante furtive selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la lueur est visible à l'œil nu d'un tireur à une distance allant jusqu'à environ 800 mètres pour les munitions de petit calibre, jusqu'à environ 1200 mètres pour les munitions de moyen calibre, et jusqu'à environ 4000 mètres pour les munitions de gros calibre.
  5. Munition traçante furtive selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la lueur a une durée d'environ 1 à 10 secondes.
  6. Munition traçante furtive selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la lueur persiste après que le propulseur a cessé de brûler.
  7. Munition traçante furtive selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la lueur a une surface qui augmente proportionnellement à l'augmentation de la portée vers l'avant de la munition, pour maintenir la visibilité lorsque la distance augmente.
  8. Munition traçante furtive selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la lueur a un diamètre d'environ 5 à 25 millimètres.
  9. Munition traçante furtive selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la pastille a un diamètre qui est d'environ 85 % à environ 95 % du diamètre des munitions de calibre moyen de 0.22 pouce à 40 mm, ou d'environ 15 % à environ 25 % du diamètre des munitions de gros calibre de 105 mm à 155 mm.
  10. Munition traçante furtive selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la pastille est un disque en forme de cône, de pyramide, de cylindre droit ou de cylindre droit perforé au centre.
  11. Procédé de coordination des feux comprenant de :
    tirer une munition traçante furtive selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 par plusieurs tireurs sur des cibles prévues, et caractérisé en outre en ce que la munition comprend un mélange métallique solide artificiel contenant au moins un métal de terres rares qui émet une lueur observable uniquement de l'arrière lorsque la munition se déplace vers l'avant après avoir été tirée ;
    la lueur fournissant un repère visuel invisible par les cibles visées sur lesquelles les multiples tireurs coordonnent des tirs combinés sans avoir besoin de communiquer verbalement.
EP17829364.3A 2016-12-01 2017-12-01 Matériaux auto-incandescents, munition traceuse et dispositifs d'éclairage Active EP3548834B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662428654P 2016-12-01 2016-12-01
US15/366,269 US10557696B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2016-12-01 Self-glowing materials and tracer ammunition
US15/366,323 US10422613B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2016-12-01 Illuminants and illumination devices
PCT/US2017/064360 WO2018102784A1 (fr) 2016-12-01 2017-12-01 Matériaux auto-incandescents, munition traceuse et dispositifs d'éclairage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3548834A1 EP3548834A1 (fr) 2019-10-09
EP3548834B1 true EP3548834B1 (fr) 2021-08-11

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EP (1) EP3548834B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110325814B (fr)
BR (1) BR112019011338A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3045649A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL267032A (fr)
WO (1) WO2018102784A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201904329B (fr)

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CN112457143A (zh) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-09 山西江阳兴安民爆器材有限公司 一种含示踪标记物的乳化炸药及其制备方法

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EP3548834A1 (fr) 2019-10-09
ZA201904329B (en) 2020-09-30
IL267032A (en) 2019-07-31
WO2018102784A1 (fr) 2018-06-07
CA3045649A1 (fr) 2018-06-07
BR112019011338A2 (pt) 2019-10-15
CN110325814B (zh) 2022-07-22

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