EP3543459A1 - Method and device for removing the sheathing from a tunnel tube - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for stripping a particular circular tunnel tube (10), in which a shuttering device (12; 40) is used, the shuttering elements (16a-d; 48a-c) having a shuttering surface (30), wherein the shuttering surfaces ( 30) of the formwork elements (16a-d; 48a-c) are arranged facing a tunnel wall and then the space between the shuttering surface of the formwork elements (16a-d; 48a-c) and the tunnel wall is cast with concrete. According to the invention, at least in one sector of the formwork device (12; 40) at least one formwork part (18) as a permanent formwork (20) facing the tunnel wall is arranged, wherein the formwork part (18) is integrally connected during the casting of the gap with the concrete and the Surface of the formwork (20) forms.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a device for shuttering a particular circular tunnel tube. The tunnel tube may also have other cross-sectional areas, such as ellipsoidal or rectangular. Currently shuttering devices are used for the shuttering of tunnels, which have shuttering elements with a cylinder-segment-like formwork surface. The shuttering surfaces of the shuttering elements are arranged facing a tunnel wall and then the space between the shuttering surface of the shuttering elements and the tunnel wall is cast with concrete. In this way, a tunnel tube is provided with a formwork in the prior art. One problem with potting the concrete is that bubbles trapped in certain locations, particularly in the floor area of the tunnel tube, rise in the concrete and are then visible on the surface of the formwork. Such bubbles can be eliminated only with great effort, so that either bubbles remain in the concrete, which then rise to the surface or for degassing of the concrete in the area an extremely high cost must be operated.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for Ausschalung a tunnel tube, which provide a good formwork quality with relatively little effort over the entire tunnel formwork.

The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 6. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are further described in the description and in the drawings.

According to the invention, at least one formwork part, in particular in the lower region of the formwork device, is arranged as a permanent formwork facing the tunnel wall. When casting the gap between the formwork elements or the formwork part and the tunnel wall, the formwork part is integrated as a permanent formwork with the concrete connected and thus forms the surface of the formwork in particular in the lower part of the tunnel tube. The formwork part can thus be prefabricated under favorable conditions in a factory and is thus free from any inclusions or air bubbles. The formwork part may for example consist of a UHPC concrete (ultra-high performance concrete). In the finished tunnel formwork thus forms this Formwork part in an area, in particular the floor area, the surface of the tunnel formwork. Since this formwork part is very high-quality in production, thus, even in difficult-to-handle areas, such as the bottom area a formwork with a bubble-free surface is achieved, and the problem of bubbles or inclusions especially in the lower part of the tunnel tube does not matter because the Surface of the formwork is formed by the formwork part.

Accordingly, the formwork part is preferably formed according to the shape of the tunnel tube as a circular segment-shaped part which covers a certain angle section in the bottom region of the tunnel tube, for example 5 to 90 °, in particular 8 to 45 °, in particular around 10 ° to 25 °. There are basically two different ways to arrange the formwork part in the lower part of the tunnel tube. The first possibility is to connect the formwork part to the e.g. the formwork element facing the tunnel floor, so that when casting the area between the tunnel wall or tunnel floor and formwork element, the formwork part connects with the cast concrete and after removal of the formwork elements, the formwork part forms the formwork of the tunnel in the bottom area.

Another possibility is to use the formwork part itself as formwork element, so that e.g. in the bottom region of the tunnel tube, the formwork part itself forms a formwork element, which forms in connection with the other formwork elements in the scope of the tunnel tube a vollumfängliche formwork device, so that the tunnel tube can be boarded in the full circle. As already stated, a circular shape is optional; elliptical tunnel shapes or even rectangular tunnel cross sections can also be produced by the invention.

In an advantageous development of the method according to the invention, the formwork part is lowered to its end position with a vacuum lifting device, whereupon the formwork part is held in position by the formwork device relative to the formwork elements. Subsequently, the gap between the formwork elements or the formwork part and the tunnel wall is potted with concrete, wherein an intimate connection between the formwork part and the concrete is formed. Thereafter, the formwork elements are removed and the formwork part forms then in particular in the bottom area a surface having the component of the tunnel formwork. With such a vacuum lifting device, the formwork part, in particular made of UHPC concrete can handle very well despite a weight of several 100 kg to tons and solve by removing the vacuum. The vacuum lifting device preferably has a large-area vacuum contact surface, so that already comparatively low Sufficient vacuum to achieve the required suction force. With a vacuum contact surface of 1 m ^2, for example, a pressure of 0.1 bar is sufficient to lift a formwork part weighing 1 ton.

The invention also relates to a shuttering device for shuttering a tunnel tube, which comprises a support structure for supporting a plurality of shuttering elements of the shuttering device. The shuttering device is designed in particular as a circular shuttering device with a round, in particular circular cross-section. The formwork elements, in particular sector formwork elements, cover at least part of the circumference of the tunnel, placed against one another, and are supported on the support structure temporarily, that is to say during the formation of the tunnel formwork. The formwork device contains a lower formwork part as permanent formwork, which is held in position by the support structure and / or at least one adjoining formwork element during the formation of the formwork, so that preferably the surface of the formwork part facing the tunnel interior is in contact with the formwork surface of the formwork elements facing the tunnel wall flees. The formwork part is designed to intimately connect with the concrete during casting of the tunnel tube, thereby forming part of the tunnel formwork. The formwork part thus forms a part of the formwork device during the casing of the tunnel tube, while it forms part of the formwork after completion of the formwork.

Preferably, at least one of the formwork elements, preferably all formwork elements comprises a fixed portion and at least one movable portion which is movable relative to the fixed portion between a closed mold position and an open mounting position, in particular pivotable, wherein in the formwork position, the shuttering surfaces of the fixed and movable portion aligned. A shuttering device formed from such formwork elements can be easily mounted by the movement of the corresponding movable portions to form a closed formwork and moved from the formwork position again by moving the movable sections in a mounting position, from which the formwork elements can be detached from the formed tunnel formwork.

Preferably, each formwork element in the circumferential direction on a fixed portion and at its two opposite ends in each case at least one movable portion. In this way, the two are always in juxtaposed formwork elements opposite movable sections of two adjacent formwork elements facing each other and can be easily solved by opposing movement of each other.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the movable section of at least one formwork element, in particular sector formwork element, designed to support the formwork part in its formwork position towards the tunnel center, thereby avoiding that after the filling of concrete in the space between the formwork part and the tunnel wall, the formwork part pushed inward by the concrete. Alternatively or additionally, the formwork part can also be held in its formwork position by the supporting structure of the formwork device.

For this reason, the support structure preferably has hydraulic telescopic struts, by means of which the formwork elements and / or the formwork elements and the formwork part can be moved in the direction of the tunnel wall and away from it. The telescopic struts are preferably towards the center of the tunnel tube through a support, e.g. supported the tunnel machine.

Preferably, the support structure has a lifting device to move the formwork part to its formwork position. Such a lifting device can be designed in particular as a vacuum lifting device, which allows a relatively easy way a releasable transporting the partially heavy formwork parts in a simple manner.

Preferably, the formwork part is designed as a prefabricated UHPC concrete part, which can be produced with high quality and non-porous in a factory before mounting in the tunnel tube. This formwork part forms after completion of the formwork a very high quality surface part of the tunnel, preferably the tunnel floor after the completion of the shuttering process.

The formwork part preferably covers the tunnel floor towards a sector of 5 to 90 °, in particular 7 to 45 °, in particular 10 to 25 °, preferably by 10 °. In this way, a very high quality pore-free tunnel floor is formed, which is important for the further work in the tunnel as well as for the end use of the tunnel.

In the formwork device, the sector formwork elements or the sector formwork element in the floor area are preferably replaced by the formwork part, so that the formwork part in the floor area itself forms a formwork element.

Preferably, the formwork elements are connected at their edges facing each other via joints or connectable so as to build a coherent formwork, which can be easily assembled but also degraded again. The joints may also be formed by bolts, e.g. after positioning the shuttering elements in their shuttering position are inserted into aligned holes of their connecting sections, whereby the shuttering elements are interconnected to form a coherent formwork. The joint thus formed can be released by pulling the bolts, so that the formwork elements can be handled separately before and after the production of the formwork.

To form an overall formwork of a tunnel tube, form the formwork elements or the formwork elements and the formwork part together a full circle. This full circle between the shuttering surface of the formwork elements or the formwork surface of the formwork elements or the formwork part and the tunnel wall is then filled with concrete, which forms a closed tunnel formwork.

The formwork device is preferably arranged on the rear side of a tunneling machine with a propulsion device and a tunneling milling head held on the propulsion device, so that the formwork can be carried out directly after tunneling, of course at defined propulsion distances of e.g. 2 to 10 m. After the shuttering, the tunnel is safely accessible and accessible for further work.

Preferably, the supporting structure of the formwork device is held by the tunneling machine, in particular the propulsion device, so that it can be supported centered in the straight milled tunnel tube. Therefore, in addition to the already necessary tunneling machine no additional support for the support structure in the tunnel tube needed to center the formwork arranged in the tunnel, without being supported on the tunnel wall.

Preferably, the formwork elements or the formwork elements and the formwork part form a full circle, so that according to the invention a complete tunnel tube can be manufactured.

Preferably, the formwork part is arranged in the lower sector of the formwork device, where the highest stress is present and / or where the highest demands are made on the surface condition of the tunnel wall.

Preferably, the formwork part has a lower thickness than the tunnel formwork to be created. In this way, during the manufacture of the tunnel tube, the formwork part can be backfilled with concrete on its outside facing away from the tube and thus form an integral part of the tunnel formwork.

Preferably, at least two formwork elements are hinged together and therefore can be easily mounted on the site.

Of course, distributed over the circumference several formwork parts can be used as a lost formwork. The formwork elements can be one or more parts.

The following terms are used synonymously: Shuttering element - sector shuttering element; Shuttering device - formwork arrangement; Shuttering Device - Circular Shuttering Device; Tunnel tube - tunnel wall - tube - wall of tunnel tube; Formwork - tunnel formwork;

It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the features of the device according to the invention described above and the method according to the invention described above can be combined with one another as desired.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Schalungsvorrichtung zur Bildung der Schalung einer kreisrunden Tunnelröhre,

Fig. 2

einen Teilquerschnitt im Bodenbereich der Tunnelröhre aus Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine Querschnittsansicht einer Tunnelröhre mit einer Vollkreisrundschalungsmaschine mit vier aneinandergrenzenden Schalungselementen, wobei das Schalungsteil an einem unteren Schalungselement abgestützt ist,

Fig. 4

eine Querschnittsansicht gemäß Fig. 3, bei welcher die Schalungselemente in Schalungsstellung verbunden und Beton in den Zwischenraum zwischen der Schalungsfläche der Schalungselemente und der Tunnelröhre eingefüllt ist,

Fig. 5

das Endstadium der gebildeten Tunnelschalung gemäß Fig. 3 und 4, unter Entfernung der Schalungselemente nach Wegklappen der beweglichen Abschnitte der Schalungselemente

Fig. 6

eine Querschnittsansicht einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei dem das Schalungsteil einen Teil der Schalung bildet, während der Montage eines Schalungsteils im Bodenbereich der Schalungsvorrichtung,

Fig. 7

eine Querschnittsansicht ähnlich Fig. 6, bei welcher das Schalungsteil sowohl an benachbarten Schalungselementen als auch an einer Tragstruktur der Schalungsvorrichtung abgestützt ist, nach dem Einfüllen des Schalungsbetons,

Fig. 8

eine Querschnittszeichnung gemäß Fig. 6 und 7 nach Fertigstellung der Tunnelschalung vor dem Abnehmen der Schalungselemente.

The invention will be described below by way of example with reference to the schematic drawing. In this show:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a shuttering device for forming the formwork of a circular tunnel tube,

Fig. 2

a partial cross section in the bottom region of the tunnel tube Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a cross-sectional view of a tunnel tube with a Vollkreisrundschalungsmaschine with four adjacent formwork elements, wherein the formwork part is supported on a lower formwork element,

Fig. 4

a cross-sectional view according to Fig. 3 in which the formwork elements are connected in the formwork position and concrete is filled into the intermediate space between the formwork surface of the formwork elements and the tunnel tube,

Fig. 5

the final stage of the formed tunnel formwork according to Fig. 3 and 4 , With removal of the formwork elements after folding away the movable portions of the formwork elements

Fig. 6

a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the invention, wherein the formwork part forms a part of the formwork, during the assembly of a formwork part in the bottom region of the formwork device,

Fig. 7

a cross-sectional view similar Fig. 6 in which the formwork part is supported both on adjacent formwork elements and on a support structure of the formwork device, after filling the formwork concrete,

Fig. 8

a cross-sectional drawing according to Fig. 6 and 7 after completion of the tunnel formwork before removing the formwork elements.

Fig. 1 shows a tunnel tube 10, in which by a circular formwork device 12 a full formwork is to be formed. The circular formwork device 12 includes a support structure 14 carried by a tunneling machine, for example, on which a plurality of shuttering elements 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d are circumferentially abutted against each other, so that four formwork elements 16a to 16d form a closed circuit for completely shuttering the tube 10 in one Make operation. Each formwork element 16a to 16d has a certain length in the axial direction of the tunnel, for example 1 to 3 m, so that a plurality of formwork elements 16a to 16d can be arranged in the axial direction one behind the other according to the length of the tunnel tube to be boarded. The formwork elements 16a to 16d are positioned with their wall of the tunnel tube 10 facing formwork surface 30 in a constant distance as possible to the wall of the tunnel tube 10 and the intervening cavity is filled by concrete pumps with concrete. In the bottom area, that is to say on the formwork element 16d forming the floor area, there is a formwork part 18, which is held on the lower formwork element 16d. When filling with concrete, this formwork part 18, which is preferably also made of UHPC concrete, connects with the poured concrete and forms the bottom surface of the tunnel formwork 20 after removal of the formwork device 12.

A detail of the floor area Fig. 1 is in Fig. 2 shown. Shown here is the situation after filling the concrete. It can be seen the wall of the tunnel tube 10 with the lower formwork element 16d and the two lateral formwork elements 16a and 16c and the formwork part 18, which has entered into an intimate connection with the concrete formwork 20 concrete, wherein the upwardly facing surface of the formwork part 18 with the other surface of the concrete formwork 20 is aligned. In this way, a very high quality tunnel formwork is created with relatively little effort, any remaining inclusions or bubbles in the concrete in the lower area below the formwork part does not affect the visual appearance and performance characteristics of the tunnel wall in the bottom area.

The Fig. 3 to 5 show once again the sequence of a manufacturing process of a tunnel tube of a circular formwork device according to the Fig. 1 and 2 ,

According to Fig. 3 each of the formwork elements 16a to 16d consists of a central fixed portion 22, at the outer ends of which in each case a movable portion 24, 26 is articulated via joints 25, 27 pivotally. Each of the sector form elements 16a to 16d is constructed in this way. The middle fixed portions 22 are connected via support receptacles 17 with the support structure 14, which includes hydraulic support cylinder 28 through which the sector shuttering elements 16a to 16d can be moved towards each other or away from each other by means of the support receptacles 17 of their fixed portions 22, ie in the direction on the wall of the tunnel tube 10 or away from it. Fig. 3 shows the circular formwork device 12 after the central positioning in the tunnel tube, for example on a tunneling machine. The sector form elements 16a to 16d then become, as shown in FIG Fig. 4 is shown, moved outward, where the movable portions 24, 26 are pivoted about the joints 25, 27 in their formwork position in which they are aligned in the circumferential direction with the central fixed portion 22. In this way, a coherent formwork full circle is formed. Between the movable portions 24, 26 facing sector formwork elements 16a to 16d, an inclined abutment surface 29 is formed, which is inclined relative to the corresponding adjacent shuttering surface at an angle of 25 to 60 °, in particular at an angle of 45 °, resulting in a better tightness between brings the movable portions 24, 26 of the adjacent sector shuttering elements 16a - 16d with it.

Fig. 4 shows the situation already after the filling of the concrete, wherein the formwork part 18 firmly abuts against the formwork surface 30 of the lower formwork element 16d, so that the surface of the formwork part 18 after removal of the formwork elements 16a to 16d, as shown in FIG Fig. 5 is shown aligned with the surface 34 of the formwork part 18. The formwork part 18 thus remains after removal of the circular formwork device 12 as an integral part of the concrete formwork 20 in the tunnel tube 10. Thus, a very high-quality and non-porous floor area is formed by the formwork part 18, especially in the much used floor area of the tunnel.

The Fig. 6 to 8 show an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the formwork member 18 itself forms a lower formwork element and thus covers the bottom sector of the tunnel in a sector of about 20 to 40 °.

The circular formwork device 40 off Fig. 6 includes a support structure 42 with a vacuum lifting device 44, which has a vacuum suction surface 46 in order to suck the formwork part 18 over a large area. The circular formwork device 40 further includes in the circumferential direction of the tunnel tube 10 three adjacent formwork elements 48a to c (the non-imaged region is mirror-inverted), namely two lateral formwork elements 48a, 48c and an upper formwork element 48b, which are preferably pivotally connected to each other via hinges 49. The hinges 49 may also be formed by bolts which are inserted into aligned holes of their connecting portions after the positioning of the formwork elements 48a, 48b. Thus, the joint can be released by pulling the bolts, so that the formwork elements 48a, b can be handled separately before and after the production of the formwork. The two lateral formwork elements 48a, 48c each have at their lower edge a movable portion 50, which, as it is in Fig. 7 can be seen, with a pressure member 51 rests against the upper side of the formwork part 18 and thus the formwork part 18 is supported towards the inside of the tunnel. In addition, the formwork part 18 is supported on the supporting structure 42 preferably at two points by vertical support elements 52, 54 that can be extended in length relative to one another.

Fig. 8 shows the cross section after the casting of the gap between the shuttering surfaces 30, the formwork elements 48a to 48c and the formwork part 18 and the wall of the tunnel tube 10, wherein the thus formed tunnel wall 20 is formed in its bottom region to the tunnel center through the formwork part 18. The formwork part 18 thus functions in this embodiment during the manufacture of the tunnel tube as a lower formwork element, which cooperates with the three other formwork elements 48 a to 48 c of the circular formwork device 40.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, but may be varied within the scope of the following claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

tunnel

12

first embodiment of a circular formwork device

14

supporting structure

16a-d

Schlaungselemente

17

Support shots of the formwork elements for the support structure

18

form member

20

Tunnel formwork - concrete formwork - concrete between wall of the tunnel tube and formwork element / formwork part

22

(middle) fixed section of the formwork element

24

first movable portion of the formwork element

25

Joint between fixed and first moving section

26

second movable portion of the formwork element

27

Joint between solid and second moving section

28a, b

hydraulic support cylinder of the support structure

29

inclined contact surface between two adjacent movable sections

30

Formwork surface of the formwork element

40

second embodiment of a circular formwork device

42

supporting structure

44

Vacuum lifting device for the formwork part

46

Vacuum suction surface of the vacuum lifting device

48a-c

formwork elements

49

Joints between the formwork elements

50

movable section of the formwork element

51

presser

52

first telescopic support part

54

second telescopic support part

Claims (16)

A method for stripping a particular circular tunnel tube (10), in which a shuttering device (12; 40) is used, the shuttering elements (16a-d; 48a-c) having a shuttering surface (30), wherein the shuttering surfaces (30) of the shuttering elements (16a-d; 48a-c) are arranged facing a tunnel wall and then the space between the shuttering surface of the shuttering elements (16a-d; 48a-c) and the tunnel wall is potted with concrete,
characterized in that at least in one sector of the shuttering device (12; 40) at least one shuttering part (18) is arranged as a permanent shuttering (20) facing the tunnel wall, wherein the shuttering part (18) is integrally connected to the concrete during the casting of the gap and forms the surface of the formwork (20). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a prefabricated formwork part (18) in the formwork device (12; 40) is used as formwork part (18). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the formwork device (12; 40) supports the formwork part (18) towards the interior of the tunnel. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork part (18) forms the formwork surface of the formwork device (12; 40) in the lower tunnel area. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shuttering part (18) is lowered to its end position by means of a vacuum lifting device, whereupon the shuttering part (18) is moved by the shuttering device (12; 40) relative to the shuttering elements (16a-d; c) is held in position and the space between the formwork elements (16a-d; 48a-c) and the formwork part (18) and the tunnel wall is poured with concrete, wherein an intimate connection between the formwork part (18) and the concrete is formed after which the formwork elements (16a-d; 48a-c) are removed. Device (12; 40) for shuttering a tunnel tube (10), comprising a supporting structure (14; 42) for supporting shuttering elements (16a-d; 48a-c) of the shuttering device (12; 40), which shuttering elements (16a-d; 48a-c) juxtaposed at least a partial circumference of the tunnel tube (10) and at least temporarily supported on the support structure (14; 42), which formwork device (12; 40) has a lower formwork part (18) as permanent formwork, which of the support structure (14; 42) and / or at least one Formwork member (18) is held in position in a sector of the tunnel tube (10) during formation of the formwork (20) and is designed to intimately connect with the formwork concrete during casting of the tunnel tube (10), thereby forming part of the tunnel formwork (10). 20). Apparatus (12; 40) according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one of the sector shuttering elements (16a-d; 48a-c) comprises a fixed portion (22) and at least one movable portion (24,26) relative to the fixed one Section (22) between a closed formwork position and an open mounting position movable, in particular is pivotable, wherein in the formwork position, the shuttering surfaces of the fixed and movable portion (22, 24, 26) are aligned. Device (12; 40) according to claim 7, characterized in that each sector formwork element comprises a fixed portion (22) and at its two ends facing away from each other in the circumferential direction at least one movable portion (24, 26). Device (12; 40) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the movable portion (24, 26; 50) is designed to support the formwork part (18) in the formwork position towards the tunnel center. Device (12; 40) according to one of Claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the support structure (14; 42) has a lifting device (44) for moving the formwork part (18) into its shuttering position. Device (12; 40) according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the lifting device (44) is designed as a vacuum lifting device. Device (12; 40) according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the formwork part (18) is a prefabricated formwork part, in particular a UHPC concrete part. Device (12; 40) according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the formwork part (18) spans a sector of 5 to 20 °, in particular 10 °. Device (12; 40) according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the sector formwork elements (16a-d; 48a-c) in the bottom area are replaced by the formwork part (18). Tunnel machine having a propulsion device and a tunnel milling head held on the propulsion device and a shuttering device (12; 40) according to one of claims 6 to 14 arranged at the rear side thereof relative to the propulsion direction of the propulsion device. Tunneling machine according to claim 15, characterized in that the support structure (14; 42) of the formwork device (12; 40) is held by the propulsion device.

Images