EP3538303A1 - Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive d'au moins un corps façonné - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive d'au moins un corps façonné

Info

Publication number
EP3538303A1
EP3538303A1 EP17829666.1A EP17829666A EP3538303A1 EP 3538303 A1 EP3538303 A1 EP 3538303A1 EP 17829666 A EP17829666 A EP 17829666A EP 3538303 A1 EP3538303 A1 EP 3538303A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaped body
rod
rod elements
elements
process space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17829666.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Yves KÜSTERS
Martin Schäfer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3538303A1 publication Critical patent/EP3538303A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/224—Driving means for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/232—Driving means for motion along the axis orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/236—Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/255—Enclosures for the building material, e.g. powder containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B22F10/43—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/222—Driving means for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the device is used for the additive production of at least one shaped body and has at least one process space for receiving a material from which the shaped body can be produced or manufactured by additive manufacturing.
  • the object of the present invention is to further develop a device and a method of the type mentioned at the outset such that a particularly advantageous production of the shaped article can be achieved.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a device for the additive production of at least one shaped body.
  • the pre ⁇ direction has at least a process chamber for receiving a material to from which the shaped body is produced by the addi tive ⁇ production or is manufactured.
  • a material bed is formed, for example, from the mate rial ⁇ , which is prepared from the moldings.
  • the material is a powder shaped material, ie a powder, so that the material bed is formed, for example, as a powder bed.
  • additive manufacturing may be a powder bed based additive manufacturing.
  • the shaped body is constructed, for example, by means of selective solidification via beam energy, in particular a laser beam, layer by layer in the process space, ie produced.
  • the process space can be, for example, the interior of a so-called construction cylinder or a so-called material bed chamber.
  • the material and thus ⁇ with the moldings in the process chamber on a suitable lowering device such as a building board, which forms a bottom of the process space, supported.
  • a suitable lowering device such as a building board, which forms a bottom of the process space, supported.
  • the building panel is lowered to place then in the process space on the building plate and thus on the already prepared layer further Ma ⁇ TERIAL from which then another layer of the molded body is prepared.
  • a layered structure of the molded body is provided.
  • the volume of the process space increases during additive manufacturing.
  • the shaped body sinks, as it were, surrounded by powder in the process area.
  • support elements so-called support structures, produced by the beam energy from the material and thus miterzeugt, since the material bed is not always granted a sufficient support function for supporting the molding during its production.
  • a very high temperature gradient can occur between the powder bed and the shaped body or even only in the shaped body itself. The temperature gradient can lead to mechanical stresses in the molding, which may necessitate further support structures.
  • the support structures are usually with the
  • the rod members can be used as needed to support the shaped body during the production thereof, must be prepared without the here- for support structures from the material.
  • the molded body can be produced time and cost.
  • the rod elements of the process space can be configured as a modular process space or as a modular building chamber, the inner or innenhes workede shape, for example, varied or adjusted as needed by the rod elements are moved relative to ⁇ nander.
  • the rod elements can be used as simple support structures and / or for influencing the temperature gradient.
  • the process space or its volume is limited, for example, partly by a floor and partly by at least one side wall.
  • the ground, frequently fig ⁇ a so-called build platform, the process space in vertika- 1er direction bounded at the bottom, wherein the side wall defines the process chamber at least partially in the horizontal direction.
  • the process chamber also referred to as a construction chamber, is able to hold the powdery material, for example, to build up the shaped body.
  • the process space usually has the shape of a straight circular cylinder.
  • the rod elements By moving the rod members rela- tively to one another can have the form of the process space may be varied be ⁇ meet. If, for example, the bottom is formed completely from the rod elements, the above-mentioned substrate plate and / or building board can be dispensed with.
  • the rod elements are horizontally and / or ver ⁇ tical relative to each other movable.
  • the rod elements form, for example, a first subarea of the side wall and / or the bottom, the side wall and / or the bottom having at least one second subarea adjoining the first subarea
  • the rod elements are, for example, relative to one another and relative to the second subarea, in particular at least translatory, movable.
  • the rod elements are, for example, circumferentially or spatially shaped or round on the outer peripheral side.
  • the rod ⁇ elements each having a longitudinal direction and along their respective longitudinal direction relative to each other are movable in translation.
  • the rod elements are movably mounted on at least one bearing element and thereby movable relative to each other and relative to the bearing element. Due to the mobility of the elements, the volume of the process space is constant
  • the volume of the process space can be kept particularly low, which can be saved in the production of material.
  • the rod elements can be moved in a controlled or regulated manner, for example, so that a precisely defined shape of the process chamber can be adjusted so that it can be adapted advantageously to the molding to be formed.
  • one of the rod members at least being adapted to the shaped body to support ⁇ least indirectly. Due to the mobility of the at least one rod element, this can be used, by suitable positioning relative to the molded body, to support the molded body.
  • the Wenig ⁇ least at least a support acting as a supporting element rod member directly a part of the molded body thereto.
  • the at least one bar element can assume direct supporting function, for example, by at least one support structure made of the material additive is made on or on the at least one rod element, ⁇ so that the shaped body is supported by mediating the at least one rod element manufactured support structure on the at least one rod element.
  • the time, material and thus costs for manufacturing the support ⁇ structure can be kept low on the at least one rod member.
  • At least one of the rod elements to be formed is ⁇ to temper the mold body.
  • the at least one rod element is formed for example from a material which has a thermal conductivity.
  • the rod member may serve as a thermal bridge and thus control the temperature of the shaped body.
  • Tempering means that at least part of the shaped body can be cooled and / or heated or kept warm by means of the at least one rod element.
  • the molded body can be at least partially cooled ⁇ .
  • runs within the at least one rod element least a Ka ⁇ nal, which is permeable by a fluid for controlling the temperature of the process chamber or the molding. As a result, it is possible to influence the temperature gradient in the process chamber , in particular the molded body, particularly well.
  • a further embodiment is characterized in that the at least one rod element is provided with at least one electrical heating element, by means of which the molded body can be heated.
  • a vibration unit is provided, by means of which at least ei ⁇ nes of the rod elements relative to the process space can be vibrated.
  • the vibration can cause a
  • Compaction of the material, in particular of the powder bed take place in the process space.
  • gas inclusions in the material or material bed are held in place, as a result of which the need for support structures is kept low and an advantageous heat exchange can be realized.
  • the process stability increases with a compact powder bed and, in addition, a particularly high density of moldings can be achieved.
  • a further embodiment is characterized in that at least one of the rod elements has an end region with a free end projecting into the process space, this end region being accommodated in a cap.
  • this cap local support structures can be generated particularly advantageous.
  • the at least one rod element can be removed by means of the cap, in particular against wear and / or damage. be protected so that, for example, only the cap, but not the at least one rod elements must be replaced.
  • the cap is made of the same material as the material from which the shaped body can be produced by additive manufacturing. Due to the material equality, an advantageous connection or support of the molded body to the cap, if appropriate via support structures, can be achieved, whereby, for example, a particularly good thermal connection of the molded body to the bar element is possible.
  • At least one of the rod elements at least one sensor is assigned, by means of which acting on the at least one rod element forces and / or torques can be detected.
  • the senor is held on the cap.
  • the rod element is provided with a cap at its free end projecting into the process space.
  • the rod element can be easily equipped with different sensors by caps with different sensors are arranged on the rod element.
  • the senor is designed to detect tensile forces.
  • Tensile forces during manufacture of the shaped body beispielswei ⁇ se due to the deformation of the molded article generated by the dumping of the beam energy of the laser beam and there ⁇ with associated temperature gradients. Since the tensile forces, If necessary, via support structures to which bar elements can be transferred, the sensor is a particularly practical way to detect stress in the molded body.
  • the sensor is designed to provide at least one of the detected forces and / or torques characterizing, in particular elekt ⁇ huis signal, the device having an electronic computing unit, which is adapted to receive the signal and in depending on the Sig nal ⁇ to move the rod members.
  • the sensor is designed as a strain gauge.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a method for the additive production of a shaped body, in particular by means of a device according to the invention.
  • the method at least a portion of a process space for receiving a material from which the shaped body is formed, bounded by a plurality of rod elements, which are at least translationally movable relative to each other or can be moved.
  • rod elements which are at least translationally movable relative to each other or can be moved.
  • Embodiment of an inventive device for the additive production of a shaped body wherein at least a portion of a process space by
  • Bar elements is formed, which are relatively zueinan ⁇ the movable;
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a second
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic and lateral perspective view of a rod element of a third embodiment of the device
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic and lateral perspective view of a rod element of a fourth embodiment of the device
  • 5 shows a detail of a schematic perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the device
  • FIG. 6 shows a detail of a schematic Perspektivan ⁇ view of a sixth embodiment of the Vorrich- device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of an apparatus 10 for the additive production of a shaped body 12.
  • the shaped body 12 is produced in a process space 14, which is defined by a bottom 16 of FIG.
  • the process space 14 is limited in the horizontal direction at least on one side by a side wall 18 of the device 10.
  • the shaped body 12 is made from the material by the additive manufacturing, that is by means of an additive Ferti ⁇ off procedure.
  • the Formkör ⁇ pers 12 form bar elements 21, which are here, for example, outside circumference cuboid shaped, a portion 22 of the bottom 16.
  • rod elements 20 form a portion 24 of the side wall 18.
  • the rod elements 20th respective longitudinal directions of extension, which coincide here with the horizontal or with the horizontal direction.
  • the bar elements 21 have respective directions of longitudinal extension which coincide with the vertical or with the vertical direction and accordingly run perpendicular to the longitudinal extension direction of the bar elements 20.
  • the rod elements 21 forming the subarea 22 are translationally movable relative to one another along their respective longitudinal extension direction and thus in the vertical direction.
  • a partial region 23 of the bottom 16 adjoins the partial region 22 formed by the rod elements 21, the partial region 23 partially delimiting the process chamber 14 in the vertical direction downwards.
  • the rod members 21 are ent ⁇ long their respective longitudinal direction to the portion 23 movable in translation relative.
  • a partial region 25 of the side wall 18 adjoins the partial region 24 formed by the rod elements 20, with the partial region 25 partially delimiting the process chamber 14 in the horizontal direction.
  • the rod elements 20 are along their respective
  • the shaped body 12 is constructed, for example, by means of selective solidification via beam energy, in particular a laser beam, layer by layer in the process space 14.
  • beam energy in particular a laser beam
  • respective layers are produced and at least partially superposed or arranged on top of each other.
  • the ge ⁇ entire floor is discharged stepwise before or after the preparation of the respective layer of the molded body 12 to 16, whereby the process chamber 14 forms and increases its volume.
  • the process space 14 takes the material, for example powder, from which the shaped body 12 is formed or produced.
  • the positions of the rod elements 20 and 21 are such that they delimit the process space 14 in such a way that it is cuboid on the inside circumference.
  • respective facing the Pro ⁇ zessraum 14 end faces of the rod members 27 are arranged along the horizontal direction 20 at the same height and thus flush with each other. Further, the end faces 27 along the horizontal direction at the same height as the portion 25, and thus assigns ⁇ be flush with the portion 25 are.
  • the horizontal direction is a first direction of movement 28, along which the rod elements 20 are translationally movable relative to each other and relative to the portion 25.
  • the vertical direction is a second direction of movement 26 along which the rod elements 21 are translationally movable relative to each other and relative to the portion 23.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the device 10, which serves as an example of a configuration possibility of the process space 14 and its volume, as can be achieved by advantageous positioning of the rod elements 20 and 21.
  • the shaped body 12 can be supported particularly advantageously during its production.
  • Another advantage is that the volume of the process chamber 14 can be kept particularly low, whereby material, in particular powder, in the construction of the molded body 12 can be ⁇ saves.
  • the rod elements 20 and 21 are arranged such that they overlap or overlap one another along the direction of movement 26 and / or 28.
  • this shows that, a first part of the rod members are positioned 21 at the molding body 12 and this touch and different bearing ⁇ zen, remain During a second part of the rod members 20 in their initial position, that the second part is positioned, the respective end faces 29 of the second part lie in a common plane with the subregion 23.
  • DA in it can be useful, 20 and 21 mög ⁇ lichst zoom down the rod members close to the molded article, thereby keeping the volume of the process space as small as possible, whereby material can be saved.
  • the rod elements can yaw 20 and 21 as support elements, and thus a so-called support structures ⁇ fun, by means of which the shaped body 12 is at least indirectly supported.
  • the bar elements 20 and / or at least part of the bar elements 21 may be positioned on the shaped body 12 and to support it at least indirectly.
  • At least one of the rod elements 20 and / or 21 is designed to temper the shaped body 12, that is to cool and / or to heat.
  • a channel which is not visible in FIG. 2, extends from a fluid for tempering. ren of the molding 12 can be flowed through.
  • the fluid may play heated at ⁇ by a temperature, cooled, that is to say and / or heated.
  • a heat transfer from the fluid to the at least one rod member is at least heated for a rod member.
  • a heat transfer from the mold body 12 may further he follow over the at least one rod member to the fluid ⁇ , whereby the molded body is cooled 12 and the fluid is heated. Then, the fluid can be cooled again, for example by means of the tempering.
  • this is provided with at least one bar element with at least one particular electrical ⁇ rule heating element 17, by means of which the shaped body 12, in particular via the at least one rod member may be heated.
  • a temperature of the shaped body 12 can be adjusted particularly advantageously, in particular regulated or controlled.
  • the molded body 12 for example, be cooled particularly strong and fast.
  • Part of the molded body 12 is heated by means of a first part of the rod members 20 and / or 21, while a respective, different from the first portion of the second Partbe- rich of the molded body 12 is cooled by means of a second part of the rod members 20 and / or 21.
  • the rod elements 21 it is provided, for example, that the farther down there is a rod element 21, the lower its temperature is set and a respective part of the molding 12 located near the respective rod element 21 cools down or becomes correspondingly faster We ⁇ niger strongly heated.
  • an advantageous temperature gradient of the shaped body 12 and / or in the process space 14 can be set.
  • the device 10 further comprises a vibration unit 19, which can set the rod elements 20 and / or 21, along their jewei ⁇ len translational movement direction, in motion such that these rod elements vibrate.
  • a vibration unit 19 which can set the rod elements 20 and / or 21, along their jewei ⁇ len translational movement direction, in motion such that these rod elements vibrate.
  • the material in particular metal powder, which is used for the production of the shaped body 12, solidified or compacted.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic and lateral perspective view of one of the rod elements 20 which runs along the horizontal
  • Movement direction 28 is translationally movable, a third embodiment of the device.
  • the rod element 20, is at least predominantly bordered by a cap 30, that is accommodated in the cap 30.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic and lateral perspective view of one of the rod elements 21 for a fourth embodiment which runs along the vertical direction of movement 26
  • the rod element 21 is translationally movable.
  • the rod element 21 has an end region 31 with a free end 33 protruding into the process space 14, the end region 31 being accommodated in a cap 32.
  • the rod member 21 as shown in FIG 4 is associated with a sensor 34 which is arranged ⁇ on the rod element 21 and is held.
  • This sensor 34 is formed here as an example as strain gauges and can detect tensile forces acting on the rod member 20. It is to make pre-partakers of the sensor 34 so that it particularly easy to replace, that can be mounted to or from Stabele ⁇ ment easily and still has a very good connection to the rod member, for example by a soldered plate.
  • the sensor 34 serves, in particular, Drehmomen ⁇ te which we ken to each rod member 20 and / or 21 to detect forces or ⁇ .
  • the sensor 34 provides, for example, a signal characterizing the detected forces or torques, in particular electrical.
  • an electronic computing unit 35 is provided, which is connected to the sensor 34 in such a way that the arithmetic unit 35 can receive the signal.
  • the rod members 20 are moved, and 21 by means of the arithmetic unit 35 in response to the signal along the respective direction of movement 26 and 28 respectively.
  • the sensor 34 is held on the cap 32, so that the sensor 34, for example, with the cap 32 is interchangeable.
  • the senor 34 may be designed to detect a temperature of the respective rod element 20 or 21 and / or of the shaped body 12 and to provide at least one, in particular electrical, signal characterizing the detected temperature.
  • the shape body 12 are tempered by means of the arithmetic unit 35 in response to the signal.
  • the caps 30 and 32 shown in Figures 3 and 4 can protect them covered rod member 20 and 21 respectively before Ver ⁇ pollution and wear the respectively.
  • the shaped body 12 can be supported via the caps 30 and 32 on the rod elements 20 and 21.
  • the caps 30 and 32 are formed in advantageous ⁇ example embodiment so that they can be easily replaced on the rod member 20 and 21, respectively, by, for example ⁇ , a quick cleaning of the process chamber 14 to ermögli ⁇ surfaces and / or that the caps 30 and / or 32 can be adapted to a new material for the shaped body 12 to be formed.
  • the caps 30 and 32 are formed from the same material as the shaped body 12 itself or from the same material as the material.
  • support structures for example, which are intended to support the molded body 12, can be produced from the material, in particular by additive manufacturing, and bonded to the respective cap 30 and / or 32 in a particularly stable manner and thus to the respective bar element 20 and / or 21.
  • caps 30 are particularly effective removal of temperature from the process chamber 14 in the production of the molded body 12, it may be advantageous to use caps 30
  • caps 30 and / or 32 of a material having a particularly high coefficient of thermal conductivity. Furthermore, it is conceivable to produce the caps 30 and / or 32 from a particularly inexpensive material. Also 12 different ⁇ rod elements 20 and / or 21 can be covered by caps 30 and / or 32 of in each case different materials in order to combine the advantages mentioned above in the additive manufacturing of a particular molding. Comparing the two caps 30 and 32, it can be seen that the cap 30 covers a greater portion of the rod member than the cap 32.
  • the caps 32 can be kept relatively short, for example, by operating the device 10 such that support structures 38 (FIG 6) are arranged on the rod elements 21 only on the end faces 29. Thereby, the amount of material from which the cap 32 is made, and thus the cost can be kept low.
  • 5 shows a detail of a schematic Perspektivan ⁇ view of a fifth embodiment of the device 10. On the bar elements shown, 20 which are movable in translation along the horizontal movement direction 28, support structures 36 are mounted, which support the mold body 12, in particular
  • FIG. 6 shows a detail of a schematic Perspektivan ⁇ view of a sixth embodiment of the device 10.
  • the aforementioned support structures 38 are mounted, which support the shaped body 12.
  • the support structures 36 and 38 shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 serve to support the molded body 12 during additive manufacturing.
  • the support structures 36 and / or 38 can thus be used to counteract deformation of the shaped body during production.
  • the support structures are manufactured ⁇ 36 and 38 during the additive manufacturing, such as the mold body itself, in the process space 14 from the material of which also the molded body 12, prepared by the additive manufacturing or the additive manufacturing process.
  • the rod elements 20 are for example to be placed close to the shaped body 12. Characterized material can be saved, since the support structures 36 and 38 may be madestal ⁇ tet particularly compact.
  • the shaped body 12 it may during manufacture of the shaped body 12, for example by a temperature gradient, come to Spannun ⁇ gene in the mold body 12.
  • These voltages can be detected by means of the sensors 34th
  • the stresses in the shaped body 12 lead to forces or torques acting on the bar elements 20 that can be detected by means of the sensors 34.
  • These detectable by means of the sensors 34 are veran forces by force arrows 40 illustrates ⁇ in Fig. 6
  • the support structures 38 can now be used particularly advantageously to counteract the transmitted forces and thus the voltages, which is illustrated in FIG 6 power arrows 42.
  • undesirable, excessive deformation of the molded body 12 can be avoided particularly efficiently.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (10) et un procédé de fabrication additive d'au moins un corps façonné (12). Le dispositif comprend au moins une chambre de traitement (14) destinée à recevoir une matière à partir de laquelle le corps façonné (12) peut être produit par fabrication additive, au moins une zone de la chambre de traitement (14) étant délimitée par une pluralité d'éléments en forme de barres (20, 21) mobiles les uns par rapport aux autres au moins par translation.
EP17829666.1A 2017-01-24 2017-12-27 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive d'au moins un corps façonné Withdrawn EP3538303A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17152781.5A EP3351321A1 (fr) 2017-01-24 2017-01-24 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive d'au moins un corps de moule
PCT/EP2017/084622 WO2018137876A1 (fr) 2017-01-24 2017-12-27 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive d'au moins un corps façonné

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EP3538303A1 true EP3538303A1 (fr) 2019-09-18

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EP17152781.5A Withdrawn EP3351321A1 (fr) 2017-01-24 2017-01-24 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive d'au moins un corps de moule
EP17829666.1A Withdrawn EP3538303A1 (fr) 2017-01-24 2017-12-27 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive d'au moins un corps façonné

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CN (1) CN110234450A (fr)
WO (1) WO2018137876A1 (fr)

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CN109318483A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2019-02-12 江苏科技大学 一种三维打印台及其多面支撑打印方法
JP2020190003A (ja) * 2019-05-20 2020-11-26 株式会社荏原製作所 Ａｍ装置及び造形物の製造方法
FR3096298B1 (fr) * 2019-05-24 2021-07-23 Addup Procédé de fabrication additive d’une pièce comprenant une étape de fabrication d’un support mixte
EP3944911A1 (fr) 2020-07-29 2022-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système doté d'un dispositif d'impression 3d et mode de fonctionnement d'un tel système
EP4323136A1 (fr) * 2021-04-12 2024-02-21 Abb Schweiz Ag Agencement de support pour la fabrication additive, dispositif de fabrication additive et procédé de production d'objet tridimensionnel
DE102021213860A1 (de) 2021-12-07 2023-06-07 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung für eine Herstellungsvorrichtung zur additiven Herstellung von 3D-Bauteilen

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JP2959281B2 (ja) * 1992-05-15 1999-10-06 トヨタ自動車株式会社 光学的造形装置
US7521652B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2009-04-21 3D Systems, Inc. Controlled cooling methods and apparatus for laser sintering part-cake
US8206637B2 (en) * 2008-10-14 2012-06-26 The Boeing Company Geometry adaptive laser sintering system
EP2289652B2 (fr) * 2009-08-25 2022-09-28 BEGO Medical GmbH Dispositif et procédé de fabrication générative
DE102011005929A1 (de) * 2011-03-23 2012-09-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils in Schichtbauweise
US20130101728A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 John J. Keremes Additive manufacturing in situ stress relief
GB2508335B (en) * 2012-11-09 2016-04-06 Bae Systems Plc Additive layer manufacturing
EP3096906A4 (fr) * 2014-01-22 2017-03-08 United Technologies Corporation Système de fabrication additive et procédé de fonctionnement
CN203992396U (zh) * 2014-06-30 2014-12-10 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 增材制造设备复合压实铺粉装置及增材制造设备
JP6547262B2 (ja) * 2014-09-25 2019-07-24 セイコーエプソン株式会社 ３次元形成装置および３次元形成方法
JP2016088004A (ja) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-23 セイコーエプソン株式会社 三次元造形物の製造方法、三次元造形物製造装置および三次元造形物

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CN110234450A (zh) 2019-09-13
US20190381733A1 (en) 2019-12-19
EP3351321A1 (fr) 2018-07-25
WO2018137876A1 (fr) 2018-08-02

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