Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/625—Vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
  • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
  • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
  • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
  • H01M50/273—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
  • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
  • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
  • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a battery architecture for all types of application, including but not limited to vehicle, military or aeronautic applications, more specifically, the present invention relates to a unitary module comprising a plurality of battery cells, and a battery pack comprising several unit modules arranged in series and / or in parallel.
• the issue of batteries has become major in the automotive industry. Indeed, the batteries must now provide a sufficient amount of energy to provide sufficient autonomy to vehicles, while having a lifetime that does not require frequent battery changes. In addition, the mass and size of the battery must be limited in terms of its effectiveness. Finally, it is useful that the batteries can function properly in all vehicle running situations, whether in terms of temperature, humidity, or other.
• WO2014198778 discloses a battery pack for a motor vehicle comprising a set of battery cells and a cooling device comprising a heat pipe and a dissipation element comprising fins for dissipating the calories in the atmosphere. .
• This battery pack can meet the needs expressed in the previous paragraph.
• this battery pack has a particular architecture, with trailing fins trapezoidal shape, which does not allow its use in all systems.
• the present invention aims to provide a solution for forming battery packs in a simple, flexible and ergonomic manner in terms of assembly.
• the invention relates to a unitary module for battery pack, comprising a set of battery cells and at least one cooling device, the cooling device comprising a heat collection plate in contact with an external surface. at least one battery cell, a heat pipe in contact with the heat collection plate, and a heat sink element installed at one end of the heat pipe.
• the unitary module is characterized in that it comprises
• At least two stages of battery cells each stage being connected in series with the other stage, and each stage comprising at least two battery cells connected in parallel,
• Means of mechanical and / or electrical and / or electronic cooperation with another unitary module Means of mechanical and / or electrical and / or electronic cooperation with another unitary module.
• the invention also relates to a battery pack which will be described later.
• the unit modules of the invention are intended to be installed with the heat pipe in vertical position, and the dissipation element located at the end of the pipe located furthest from the ground. Therefore, throughout the description, the terms “lower”, “upper”, “above”, “below” and “height” positioning will be used in view of this vertical positioning.
• the heat dissipating element comprises a set of fins stacked on each other, so as to allow air to circulate between the fins. These fins are preferably of square shape, of a size not exceeding, or little, the section of a battery cell stage.
• a unitary module according to the invention has the advantage, via the cooperation means and considerations of congestion taken into account, to allow easy arrangement with other unitary modules, to create a complete battery pack .
• the sharing of the cooling function between several battery cells, via pooling of the heat pipe makes it possible to lower the cost of the battery pack, and also makes it possible to obtain a more uniform distribution of the temperature within the battery. a unitary module.
• the mechanical holding means comprise an upper cover, made of an electrically insulating material, and having lobed-shaped contours, this cover being installed on the battery cells of the housing. highest floor.
• the mechanical holding means comprise intermediate elements, made of an electrically insulating material, and having lobed-shaped contours, an intermediate element being installed between two stages of battery cells. .
• the top cover and the spacer elements make it possible to ensure correct positioning and holding of the battery cells around the heat pipe.
• the mechanical holding means comprise a nut screwed onto the lower end of the heat pipe to ensure clamping and vertical holding of the batteries.
• the threading allowing this screwing is advantageously carried out on a nozzle attached to the lower end of the heat pipe.
• the electrical connection means of the battery cells between them comprise power transmission means and current transmission means. These means are arranged so that the unitary module itself has a pole "+" and a pole "-". These electrical connection means include, for example, electrical connection wires. In this case, it is useful to provide protection elements of these son, to prevent them from being subjected to external aggression.
• the unitary module further comprises an electronic card comprising means for managing the balancing of the batteries.
• the electronic card associated with the aforementioned connection means, allows a voltage tap of each battery stage, and a battery balancing.
• the mechanical cooperation means with another unitary module comprise a connecting element installed on the unitary module
• the electrical cooperation means comprise connectors installed on the unitary module, these connectors respectively having "+" or "-" polarities or both polarities.
• the joining means comprise a square plate of a format similar to the format of the fins of the dissipation element, so as not to change the size of a unitary module.
• the cooling device comprises a second heat pipe. This embodiment will be described in detail using FIGS. 6 and 7.
• the invention also relates to a battery pack comprising at least two unit modules according to the invention. These modules can be connected in series and / or in parallel. Such a block will be described in detail using FIGS. 8 and 9.
• a unitary module according to the invention is advantageous in that it represents a ready-to-use solution, which only requires an arrangement and some electrical and / or electronic connections to form a battery pack with a format and characteristics. desired.
• FIG. 1 shows a first example of a unitary module for a battery pack according to the invention
• FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5 show in detail certain elements of a unitary module as shown in FIG.
• FIGS. 6 and 7 show a second example of a unitary module for a battery pack according to the invention.
• FIGS. 8 and 9 show an example of a battery pack according to the invention.
• FIGS 1 and 2 there is shown a unitary module, comprising a cooling device itself comprising a heat pipe 1, heat collection plates 2, and a dissipation element 3 formed of brazed fins on the heat pipe 1.
• the fins are made of aluminum, and covered with a thin layer of copper to allow brazing with the heat pipe.
• the heat pipe, made of copper has a length of 420 mm, and an outside diameter of 9.5 mm.
• the heat collection plates have a curved shape, intended to match the contour of a cylindrical battery cell. These plates are positioned on the heat pipe at locations determined according to the architecture desired for the unitary module. Like the fins, these collection plates are preferably made of aluminum, which has an advantage in terms of reducing the mass of the assembly.
• the unitary module comprises five battery stages (E1, E2, E3, E4 and E5), each comprising four battery cells 4.
• the four cells of one stage are connected in parallel, and the stages between them are connected in series.
• the battery cells are preferably identical, for example type 18650, having a diameter of 18 mm and a length of 65mm.
• the unitary module thus formed comprising twenty battery cells, has the following characteristics:
• the battery cells are of the type 21700, having a diameter of 21 mm and a length of 70 mm.
• the unitary module also comprises mechanical resistance means and electrical connection means, which are shown in detail in FIGS. 2 to 5.
• the heat pipe 1 has, on its end 5, a threaded end, for receiving a clamping nut to ensure the vertical maintenance of the batteries on the heat pipe.
• a flange 6 is installed on the heat pipe, between the dissipation element 3 and the stage El. This flange is intended to receive elements that allow junction and / or cooperation with other unit modules to form a battery pack according to the invention. The flange also acts as a mechanical stop at the time of vertical clamping.
• the battery cells of the stage El are inserted into an upper cover as shown in Figure 3.
• This cover is made of an electrically insulating material, for example plastic.
• This cover has four lobes 8 to accommodate the ends of each of the battery cells and ensure proper positioning of the four cells together.
• This upper cover 7 further comprises means for electrical connections of the battery cells, in the form of a metal sheet inserted by a slot 9 on the side of the upper cover, and which comes into contact with the poles of the four cells of the battery. batteries of the same level.
• This metal sheet is extended by a tongue 10 which makes it possible to transmit the current collected at this stage downwards from the unitary module and the electronic card which will be subsequently described with the aid of FIG. 5. It is specified here that the tongue 10 is present over the entire height of the unitary module.
• a unitary module further comprises intermediate elements, an example of which is shown in FIG. 4.
• An intermediate element 13 is installed between two battery stages. Similar to the top cover, the spacer element is made of an electrically insulating material, for example plastic, and has four lobes to ensure proper positioning of the batteries relative to the heat pipe, and with respect to the battery cells of the batteries. other floors.
• Such an interlayer advantageously has corrugated bulges 11 made of an electrically conductive material, having a certain elasticity. These bulges, which are in contact with the batteries of the upper stage, and the batteries of the lower stage, have several functions:
• the interlayer also comprises a connection wire 12 connected to these metal bulges, which transmits information to the electronic card and ensure the balancing of the batteries, as will be described later.
• the tabs 10 and the connection son 11 do not appear in Figure 1 showing a unitary module according to the invention.
• the module further comprises plastic covers 14 clipped on the intermediate elements 13, and which protect the electrical connections.
• the assembly of such a unitary module is then performed according to the following steps:
• a junction piece 15, clipped onto the flange 6, is put on, allowing the subsequent junction with other unitary modules to form a battery pack,
• the four battery cells of the stage E1 are then positioned in the upper cover,
• An intermediate element 13 is then inserted as shown in FIG. 4, and the last two steps are repeated as many times as many battery stages are desired;
• a tightening nut is installed on the threaded end located at the end of the heat pipe, and the assembly is mechanically tightened.
• This lower support 20 made of an electrically insulating material, for example plastic, comprises lobes 21 for positioning the bottom of the battery cells of the last stage. It further comprises four connectors 22, installed on the four sides of the unitary module, and which will allow connection of the unitary module.
• One of the connectors has the polarity "-" of the module, one of the connectors has the polarity "+” of the module, and the other two connectors, respectively located opposite each other, have the two polarities.
• the support 20 also includes an electronic card that collects the information at the module level.
• This electronic card comprises means for transmitting information to a central electronic unit, in the case of a battery pack comprising several modules.
• This electronic card also makes it possible to manage the balancing of the different battery cells of the module, by taking the cells whose voltage is the highest energy, which will be dissipated at a resistance installed on the electronic card. The energy being dissipated at the lower end of the heat pipe, an evacuation of the calories towards the fins of the dissipation element is facilitated. By this means, it is also possible to consider heating the cells if necessary. Indeed, in some applications in which the battery pack is installed in a very cold environment, it is sometimes useful to heat the battery cells to improve startup. In this case, one could consider means to prevent air circulation in the fins of the dissipation device, not to lose the heat energy flowing in the heat pipe.
• This module is characteristic in that it comprises two heat pipes. Indeed, in a module as described above, one may fear a loss of depression that reigns inside the heat pipe, which would lead to a malfunction of the pipe that could no longer allow to evacuate the calories collected to the element of heat dissipation. However, vertical heat conduction would be maintained along the heat pipe, but the removal of calories would be much less efficient and insufficient for most of the intended applications.
• the module shown in Figures 6 and 7 comprises two heat pipes 30 and 31, on which are installed the heat collecting plates.
• the sections of the heat pipes are not circular but oval, which makes it possible to optimize the arrangement of the battery cells. It is thus possible to have five battery cells per floor.
• the heat pipes are preferably made of a material that has a very good thermal conductivity.
• the calories dissipated by the batteries to be cooled which reach the non-functional heat pipe are transmitted by conduction to the functional heat pipe, to be evacuated to the dissipation element.
• a unitary module as shown in Figures 6 and 7 comprises elements of mechanical strength, electrical connection ... similar to those described for the previous example.
• the unitary modules described above may advantageously be arranged between them to form a complete battery pack.
• the number of modules to be installed in series or in parallel depends on the characteristics desired for the complete block.
• the use of unit modules according to the invention allows a large number of configurations, and thus allows to build battery packs that best match the desired applications.
• the voltages of modules connected in series add up, and the module currents in parallel add up.
• the number of modules connected in series will depend on the desired voltage level at a complete battery pack, and the number of modules connected in parallel will depend on the amount of energy to be in the block, or the current that the It will have to provide.
• Figure 8 shows a top view, in section, of an arrangement of unit modules according to that of Figure 1, and Figure 9 shows an example of a complete battery pack.
• the block of Figure 8 is composed of nine unit modules arranged as follows: the modules are connected in series three to three, and each set of three is connected in parallel to another series. It is specified here that the branch order is irrelevant, namely that one can connect in the modules in parallel three to three, then connect each series of three in series to another.
• the module 40 we clearly see the four battery cells, and the four connectors 41, 42, 43 and 44 which have the polarities of the unitary module as previously described with the aid of FIG.
• the unit modules For the arrangement to work, it is appropriate to install the unit modules by matching the poles so as to allow cooperation.
• the "+" pole of a unitary module is connected to the "-" pole of another unitary module, and for the parallel installation, the connectors bearing the double polarity are placed side by side. identical connectors.
• the complete battery pack as shown in Figure 9, is then advantageously installed in a box or other container to protect it from external aggressions (temperature, water, dust ).
• the container must interface with the external system powered by the battery pack, including electrical connections or ventilation elements to allow cooling.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=58609463

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 2016
  • 2016-11-07 FR FR1660727A patent/FR3058576A1/fr active Pending
• 2017
  • 2017-11-07 EP EP17808094.1A patent/EP3535791A1/de active Pending
  • 2017-11-07 CN CN201780067644.4A patent/CN109891622A/zh active Pending
  • 2017-11-07 WO PCT/FR2017/053033 patent/WO2018083431A1/fr unknown

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