EP3533932B1 - Method and system for creating a foundation element in the ground - Google Patents

Method and system for creating a foundation element in the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3533932B1
EP3533932B1 EP18159364.1A EP18159364A EP3533932B1 EP 3533932 B1 EP3533932 B1 EP 3533932B1 EP 18159364 A EP18159364 A EP 18159364A EP 3533932 B1 EP3533932 B1 EP 3533932B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground
evaluation unit
control
soil
profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP18159364.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3533932A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Regler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH filed Critical Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
Priority to EP18159364.1A priority Critical patent/EP3533932B1/en
Priority to CN201980016606.5A priority patent/CN112088233B/en
Priority to JP2020545728A priority patent/JP7317844B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2019/051171 priority patent/WO2019166153A1/en
Priority to KR1020207027467A priority patent/KR20200124717A/en
Priority to US16/976,033 priority patent/US20200400016A1/en
Publication of EP3533932A1 publication Critical patent/EP3533932A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3533932B1 publication Critical patent/EP3533932B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for creating a foundation element in the ground by means of a construction device, a hole in the ground in which the foundation element is created is formed by means of a processing tool, wherein at least one operating size of the construction device is used by means of a control and evaluation unit as a function of a processing depth is detected, which changes depending on a soil condition, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a system for creating a foundation element in the ground with a construction device, wherein a hole is formed in the ground by means of a soil cultivation tool, in which the foundation element is created, wherein at least one operating variable of the Construction equipment is detected, which changes depending on a soil condition, according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • a floor profile is usually created for the building ground.
  • the soil profile indicates which structure, in particular layer structure, the building ground has.
  • Knowledge of the soil profile of the building ground is important in several ways. On the one hand, the load-bearing capacity of the building ground depends on the soil profile, which has a significant influence on the design of the foundation elements.
  • the floor profile is also important from an economic point of view, since the structure of the floor determines how complex it is Creation of a foundation element is.
  • the creation of a bored pile in a subsoil with a large proportion of rock material is more complex due to the lower propulsion and the higher tool wear than the creation of a bored pile in a subsoil with layers of sand, gravel and / or clay.
  • test bores are carried out on a subsoil in order to use drill cores to determine the soil profile with which the subsoil is built.
  • a soil profile can fluctuate greatly even in a local area. These fluctuations usually consist of changes in the thickness of the individual soil layers and possibly also changing a rock horizon.
  • a soil profile is determined when entering the soil.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a system for creating a foundation element in the ground, with which a layer structure of the ground can be determined particularly precisely for a foundation element.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention on the one hand by a method with the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a system with the features of claim 12.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that an expected soil profile is entered in the control and evaluation unit, which one
  • control and evaluation unit correlates the detected at least one farm size with the soil profile entered in order to determine the processing depth at which there is a transition between soil layers of different soil properties.
  • a basic idea of the invention is to take into account a soil profile created for the subsoil when determining the type of soil during the working of a soil.
  • a floor profile created in advance specifies the sequence of different floor layers made of different materials and with different strengths and load capacities.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that a soil profile on a building ground can be subject to strong local fluctuations, but these fluctuations essentially relate to a thickness or a depth level of the soil layers, while the number and sequence of the soil layers remains unchanged.
  • an operating variable or an operating parameter which can be, for example, the torque or an output of the hydraulic drive, is recorded when working the soil. This farm size is correlated with the first soil layer of the soil profile.
  • first machining depth If a significant change in the size of the company is then determined at a specific first machining depth, this is, according to the knowledge of the invention, to be attributed to a change in the soil layer. This change in a first machining depth can then be determined as a first layer transition. With subsequent changes, the second, third and subsequent layer transitions can then be determined at a given processing depth.
  • the actual soil profile at the site of construction can be determined, whereby the individual layer transitions at given depths can differ from the previously determined soil profile.
  • the previously determined soil profile is usually determined by one or more test bores at certain points, an average soil profile being determined from this.
  • the control and evaluation unit determines an expected value of the at least one operating variable for each soil layer of the soil profile entered. If, for example, the soil profile first has a layer of clay and then a gravel, the control and evaluation unit can use the control and evaluation unit to query a value from a database, for example, which is to be expected from this soil layer. In this way, the control and evaluation unit can also verify that an actually processed soil layer matches the expected soil layer in accordance with the specified soil profile. In this way, special cases can also be determined in which one or more floor layers compared to the entered target floor profile have been omitted at one processing location.
  • control and evaluation unit generates a current soil profile for the processing location.
  • This current or actual soil profile can then be saved and also compared with the predetermined target soil profile, which was determined beforehand by trial drilling.
  • the device operator has the option of specifying the current floor profile created in this way as the target floor profile for the next upcoming processing.
  • a single farm size or a single operating parameter can be used to determine the currently processed soil layer.
  • a soil parameter for the control and evaluation unit being determined. For example, not only the torque in a drilling tool, but also a speed of advance at a given level of driving force can be recorded as an operating variable.
  • a soil characteristic value can be determined, which can be assigned to a specific soil type or soil layer on the basis of stored values in a database.
  • the at least one operating parameter is recorded on the construction device by means of at least one recording device.
  • the detection device can in particular be a sensor which detects an operating variable, for example the speed, directly.
  • the detection devices can also work indirectly, a torque being calculated and determined, for example, via the power consumption of a hydraulic rotary drive.
  • the detection devices are connected to the control and evaluation unit via a wire or radio connection.
  • the control and evaluation unit can be located directly on the construction device or in a control center, which is then in a data connection via a corresponding connection to the construction device.
  • any suitable operating variable or operating parameter can be selected and used for the method according to the invention.
  • the at least one operating variable is selected from the variables of torque, speed, power, feed force, feed speed, acceleration, energy input, vibrations, sound, hydraulic pressure and / or hydraulic current.
  • a combination of several operating variables can also be selected, so that the control and evaluation unit can be used to make a statement about the currently processed soil layer with a particularly high degree of certainty.
  • the control and evaluation unit has a database in which operating parameters and / or soil parameters are stored for certain soil layers.
  • the database can already be specified when a construction device is delivered, or can be uploaded from a central office, or can be provided with new or supplemented values and maintained.
  • the device driver or the control and evaluation unit Even preferred data records, that is to say preferred input variables for specific soil parameters, which have been created and ascertained for the respective processing location or for the respective device, are stored.
  • the database can thus represent an expert system, and an automatic improvement and modification of the stored data records can also be provided on the basis of a preferred self-learning logic of the control and evaluation unit.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that the control and evaluation unit polls and compares soil parameters, which are stored for certain operating parameters, in the case of determined operating parameters, a current soil value being determined. If, for example, the control and evaluation unit recognizes by comparing the input variable, such as the torque, with a resulting output variable, i.e. an adjusting speed of the drilling tool or the milling wheel, that a soil layer with changed strength and thus with a different tillage value can be discussed Control and evaluation unit change the input variables according to the currently determined soil parameter or the currently determined soil layer. When a rock layer is detected, for example, the speed and the feed force can be reduced in order to avoid excessive tool wear and to provide the best possible cutting or removal conditions for the soil layer.
  • the input variable such as the torque
  • a resulting output variable i.e. an adjusting speed of the drilling tool or the milling wheel
  • control and evaluation unit can change the input or operating variable in accordance with the determined data record or display it to the device driver, for example on a monitor.
  • the previous farm size can be created by a suitable farm size for the soil parameter. In this case, an applied torque would be changed depending on the determined soil parameter, which is assigned to a certain soil layer, after evaluating the database.
  • a soil profile is determined by the control and evaluation unit is determined and stored.
  • a specific soil type such as loam, sand, gravel, rock, etc., can be assigned to a soil characteristic value in accordance with the data stored in the database, this preferably also taking into account the stored soil profile.
  • These values, and thus also a soil profile can be queried from a control center via the control and evaluation unit via a preferably existing remote data connection. This means that construction equipment can not only be used to work the soil, but can also be used as a probing or analysis tool to explore a soil profile.
  • the control and evaluation unit for the current soil profile determines preferred operating variables via the working depth and stores them as a data record in the database.
  • a sample data set for a drilling at a construction site can be created with the previously determined soil profile, with a first torque and a first feed force for example up to a first drilling depth, then a second one at a second drilling depth from which a second soil layer is given Torque can be stored with a second feed force and so on.
  • Such a data set for a floor with a special floor profile can then be called up for further processing at the same construction site. It can be assumed that a soil profile rarely changes suddenly at a construction site. Based on the data from the first machining, the further machining, in particular bores or slots, can also be created effectively by less experienced machine operators.
  • the method according to the invention can be used in the different tillage variants.
  • a particularly preferred variant of the method consists of drilling with a drilling tool or milling with a trench cutter as the tillage.
  • the drilling can be a continuous drilling, for example with an endless screw, or a discontinuous drilling, for example with a drilling bucket or with a simple drilling screw.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used in double-head drilling, in which at least two rotary drive units are provided.
  • rock drilling is also included, which can be carried out, for example, in the case of an anchor or HDI drilling in an approximately vertical wall or even on the ceiling area in a tunnel.
  • a trench cutter with at least one pair, preferably two pairs, of rotatingly driven cutting wheels is preferably used.
  • the milling of a milling slot can be carried out in a single-phase, two-phase or a CSM R process in which a soil mortar mixture is produced in situ in the milling slot by the milling machine.
  • One or more cutting wheel drives can be provided.
  • the invention further comprises a system or system for creating a foundation element in the soil, which is characterized in that an expected soil profile is entered in the control and evaluation unit, which indicates a layer structure of the soil with soil layers of different soil properties, and thereby, that the control and evaluation unit is designed in such a way that the detected, at least one farm size is correlated with the entered soil profile in order to determine the processing depth at which there is a transition between soil layers of different soil properties.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erstellen eines Gründungselementes im Boden mittels eines Baugeräts, wobei mittels eines Bearbeitungswerkzeugs ein Loch im Boden gebildet wird, in welchem das Gründungselement erstellt wird, wobei mittels einer Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit in Abhängigkeit von einer Bearbeitungstiefe mindestens eine Betriebsgröße des Baugeräts erfasst wird, welche sich abhängig von einer Bodenbeschaffenheit ändert, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for creating a foundation element in the ground by means of a construction device, a hole in the ground in which the foundation element is created is formed by means of a processing tool, wherein at least one operating size of the construction device is used by means of a control and evaluation unit as a function of a processing depth is detected, which changes depending on a soil condition, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein System zum Erstellen eines Gründungselementes im Boden mit einem Baugerät, wobei mittels eines Bodenbearbeitungswerkzeugs ein Loch im Boden gebildet wird, in welchem das Gründungselement erstellt wird, wobei mittels einer Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit in Abhängigkeit von einer Bearbeitungstiefe mindestens eine Betriebsgröße des Baugeräts erfasst wird, welche sich abhängig von einer Bodenbeschaffenheit ändert, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 12.The invention further relates to a system for creating a foundation element in the ground with a construction device, wherein a hole is formed in the ground by means of a soil cultivation tool, in which the foundation element is created, wherein at least one operating variable of the Construction equipment is detected, which changes depending on a soil condition, according to the preamble of claim 12.

Bei der Erstellung von Gründungselementen, etwa von Gründungspfählen oder Schlitzwänden, bei größeren Bauvorhaben wird üblicherweise für den Baugrund ein Bodenprofil erstellt. Das Bodenprofil gibt dabei an, welchen Aufbau, insbesondere Schichtaufbau, der Baugrund aufweist. Eine Kenntnis des Bodenprofils des Baugrundes ist in mehrfacher Hinsicht wichtig. Zum einen hängt von dem Bodenprofil die Tragfähigkeit des Baugrundes ab, was einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Auslegung der Gründungselemente hat. Zum anderen ist das Bodenprofil auch aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht wesentlich, da durch den Aufbau des Bodens bestimmt wird, wie aufwändig die Erstellung eines Gründungselementes ist. So ist beispielsweise das Erstellen eines Bohrpfahles in einem Baugrund mit einem großen Anteil an Felsmaterial aufgrund des geringeren Vortriebs und des höheren Werkzeugverschleißes aufwändiger als die Erstellung eines Bohrpfahles in einem Baugrund mit Sand-, Kies-, und/oder Tonschichten.When creating foundation elements, such as foundation piles or diaphragm walls, for larger construction projects, a floor profile is usually created for the building ground. The soil profile indicates which structure, in particular layer structure, the building ground has. Knowledge of the soil profile of the building ground is important in several ways. On the one hand, the load-bearing capacity of the building ground depends on the soil profile, which has a significant influence on the design of the foundation elements. On the other hand, the floor profile is also important from an economic point of view, since the structure of the floor determines how complex it is Creation of a foundation element is. For example, the creation of a bored pile in a subsoil with a large proportion of rock material is more complex due to the lower propulsion and the higher tool wear than the creation of a bored pile in a subsoil with layers of sand, gravel and / or clay.

Aus diesem Grund werden an einem Baugrund abhängig von der Größe eine oder mehrere Probebohrungen durchgeführt, um etwa anhand von Bohrkernen zu ermitteln, mit welchem Bodenprofil der Baugrund aufgebaut ist.For this reason, depending on the size, one or more test bores are carried out on a subsoil in order to use drill cores to determine the soil profile with which the subsoil is built.

Abhängig von der Geologie des Baugrunds kann jedoch ein Bodenprofil selbst in einem örtlich begrenzten Bereich stark schwanken. Üblicherweise bestehen diese Schwankungen darin, dass Dickenänderungen der einzelnen Bodenschichten auftreten und sich gegebenenfalls auch ein Felshorizont ändert.Depending on the geology of the subsoil, however, a soil profile can fluctuate greatly even in a local area. These fluctuations usually consist of changes in the thickness of the individual soil layers and possibly also changing a rock horizon.

Aus der EP 1 942 247 B1 ist ein Verfahren zum Verdrängerbohren bekannt, bei dem das Drehmoment und die Eindringtiefe des Bohrstranges pro Umdrehung im Betrieb gemessen werden, um eine Aussage über die Tragfähigkeit des Bodens zu treffen. Dabei wird gelehrt, die Tragfähigkeit vorab durch Probebohrungen in Bodenschichten mit bekannten Eigenschaften durchzuführen, so dass mittels einer Zuordnungsvorschrift eine Tragfähigkeitskennzahl bei den gemessenen Betriebsparametern zugeordnet werden kann. In der Praxis kann eine exakte Zuordnung eines gemessenen Betriebsparameters zu einer bestimmten Tragfähigkeit problematisch und fehleranfällig sein.From the EP 1 942 247 B1 A method for positive displacement drilling is known, in which the torque and the depth of penetration of the drill string per revolution during operation are measured in order to make a statement about the load-bearing capacity of the soil. It is taught to carry out the load-bearing capacity beforehand through test bores in soil layers with known properties, so that a load-bearing capacity index can be assigned to the measured operating parameters by means of an assignment rule. In practice, an exact assignment of a measured operating parameter to a specific load capacity can be problematic and prone to errors.

Aus der WO 2012/171527 A2 geht eine Rüttleranordnung zur Bodensondierung hervor, wobei beim Einfahren in den Boden ein Bodenprofil ermittelt wird.From the WO 2012/171527 A2 is a vibrator arrangement for soil probing, a soil profile is determined when entering the soil.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und ein System zum Erstellen eines Gründungselementes im Boden anzugeben, mit welchen für ein Gründungselement ein Schichtaufbau des Bodens besonders genau ermittelt werden kann. Die Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung zum einen durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und zum anderen mit einem System mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 12 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The invention has for its object to provide a method and a system for creating a foundation element in the ground, with which a layer structure of the ground can be determined particularly precisely for a foundation element. The object is achieved according to the invention on the one hand by a method with the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a system with the features of claim 12. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit ein zu erwartendes Bodenprofil eingegeben wird, welches einenThe method according to the invention is characterized in that an expected soil profile is entered in the control and evaluation unit, which one

Schichtaufbau des Bodens mit Bodenschichten von unterschiedlicher Bodenbeschaffenheit angibt, und dass durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit die erfasste, mindestens eine Betriebsgröße mit dem eingegebenen Bodenprofil in Korrelation gesetzt wird, um festzustellen, bei welcher Bearbeitungstiefe ein Übergang zwischen Bodenschichten unterschiedlicher Bodenbeschaffenheit vorliegt.Layer structure of the soil with soil layers of different soil properties, and that the control and evaluation unit correlates the detected at least one farm size with the soil profile entered in order to determine the processing depth at which there is a transition between soil layers of different soil properties.

Eine Grundidee der Erfindung liegt darin, bei der Bestimmung der Bodenart während der Bearbeitung eines Bodens ein zum Baugrund erstelltes Bodenprofil zu berücksichtigen. Ein vorab erstelltes Bodenprofil gibt die Abfolge verschiedener Bodenschichten aus unterschiedlichen Materialien und mit unterschiedlichen Festigkeiten und Tragfähigkeiten an. Dabei beruht die Erfindung auf der Erkenntnis, dass ein Bodenprofil an einem Baugrund örtlich starken Schwankungen unterworfen sein kann, wobei sich diese Schwankungen jedoch im Wesentlichen auf eine Dicke oder ein Tiefenniveau der Bodenschichten beziehen, während die Anzahl und Abfolge der Bodenschichten unverändert bleibt. Gemäß der Erfindung wird bei der Bearbeitung des Bodens eine Betriebsgröße oder ein Betriebsparameter erfasst, welcher beispielsweise das Drehmoment oder eine Leistung des hydraulischen Antriebs sein kann. Diese Betriebsgröße wird mit der ersten Bodenschicht des Bodenprofils in eine Korrelation gesetzt. Wird bei einer bestimmten ersten Bearbeitungstiefe dann eine signifikante Änderung der Betriebsgröße festgestellt, so ist dies nach Erkenntnis der Erfindung auf eine Änderung der Bodenschicht zurückzuführen. Diese Änderung bei einer ersten Bearbeitungstiefe kann dann als ein erster Schichtübergang festgestellt werden. Bei entsprechend nachfolgenden Änderungen können dann entsprechend der zweite, dritte und folgende Schichtübergänge bei einer gegebenen Bearbeitungstiefe festgestellt werden.A basic idea of the invention is to take into account a soil profile created for the subsoil when determining the type of soil during the working of a soil. A floor profile created in advance specifies the sequence of different floor layers made of different materials and with different strengths and load capacities. The invention is based on the knowledge that a soil profile on a building ground can be subject to strong local fluctuations, but these fluctuations essentially relate to a thickness or a depth level of the soil layers, while the number and sequence of the soil layers remains unchanged. According to the invention, an operating variable or an operating parameter, which can be, for example, the torque or an output of the hydraulic drive, is recorded when working the soil. This farm size is correlated with the first soil layer of the soil profile. If a significant change in the size of the company is then determined at a specific first machining depth, this is, according to the knowledge of the invention, to be attributed to a change in the soil layer. This change in a first machining depth can then be determined as a first layer transition. With subsequent changes, the second, third and subsequent layer transitions can then be determined at a given processing depth.

Für die Erstellung eines konkreten Gründungselementes kann so das am Erstellungsort tatsächliche Bodenprofil festgestellt werden, wobei sich die einzelnen Schichtübergänge bei vorgegebenen Tiefen von dem zuvor ermittelten Bodenprofil unterscheiden können. Üblicherweise wird das vorab ermittelte Bodenprofil durch eine oder mehrere Probebohrungen an bestimmten Stellen ermittelt, wobei hieraus ein Durchschnittsbodenprofil ermittelt wird. Durch die konkrete Feststellung eines tatsächlichen Bodenprofils an jedem Bearbeitungsort kann so eine zuverlässige Aussage über die Tragfähigkeit des Gründungselementes und auch über den tatsächlich notwendigen Aufwand zur Erstellung des Gründungselementes getroffen werden. Dies ermöglicht auch eine besonders korrekte und aufwandsabhängige Berechnung und Abrechnung eines Gründungselementes abhängig von den tatsächlich gegebenen Bodenverhältnissen.For the creation of a concrete foundation element, the actual soil profile at the site of construction can be determined, whereby the individual layer transitions at given depths can differ from the previously determined soil profile. The previously determined soil profile is usually determined by one or more test bores at certain points, an average soil profile being determined from this. By specifically determining an actual floor profile at each processing location, a reliable statement can be made about the load-bearing capacity of the foundation element and also about the effort actually required be taken to create the foundation element. This also enables a particularly correct and effort-dependent calculation and billing of a foundation element depending on the actual soil conditions.

Besonders zweckmäßig ist es nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung, dass durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit zu jeder Bodenschicht des eingegebenen Bodenprofils ein zu erwartender Wert der mindestens einen Betriebsgröße ermittelt wird. Weist das Bodenprofil beispielsweise zunächst eine Ton- und dann eine Kiesschicht auf, kann durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit hinsichtlich der zu messenden Betriebsgröße ein Wert etwa aus einer Datenbank abgefragt werden, welcher bei dieser Bodenschicht zu erwarten ist. So kann durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit auch verifiziert werden, dass eine tatsächlich bearbeitete Bodenschicht mit der zu erwartenden Bodenschicht gemäß dem vorgegebenen Bodenprofil übereinstimmt. So können auch Sonderfälle ermittelt werden, bei welchen an einem Bearbeitungsort ein oder mehrere Bodenschichten gegenüber dem eingegebenen Soll-Bodenprofil entfallen sind.According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly expedient that the control and evaluation unit determines an expected value of the at least one operating variable for each soil layer of the soil profile entered. If, for example, the soil profile first has a layer of clay and then a gravel, the control and evaluation unit can use the control and evaluation unit to query a value from a database, for example, which is to be expected from this soil layer. In this way, the control and evaluation unit can also verify that an actually processed soil layer matches the expected soil layer in accordance with the specified soil profile. In this way, special cases can also be determined in which one or more floor layers compared to the entered target floor profile have been omitted at one processing location.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Verfahrensvariante ist es vorgesehen, dass durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit für den Bearbeitungsort ein aktuelles Bodenprofil erzeugt wird. Dieses aktuelle oder Ist-Bodenprofil kann dann abgespeichert und auch mit dem vorgegebenen Soll-Bodenprofil, welches vorab durch Probebohrungen ermittelt worden ist, abgeglichen werden. Der Gerätebediener hat dabei die Möglichkeit, das so erstellte aktuelle Bodenprofil für die nächste anstehende Bearbeitung als Soll-Bodenprofil vorzugeben.According to a further preferred method variant, it is provided that the control and evaluation unit generates a current soil profile for the processing location. This current or actual soil profile can then be saved and also compared with the predetermined target soil profile, which was determined beforehand by trial drilling. The device operator has the option of specifying the current floor profile created in this way as the target floor profile for the next upcoming processing.

Grundsätzlich kann gemäß der Erfindung lediglich eine einzelne Betriebsgröße oder ein einzelner Betriebsparameter zur Bestimmung der aktuell bearbeiteten Bodenschicht herangezogen werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es nach einer Weiterentwicklung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, dass mehrere Betriebsgrößen erfasst werden und dass die mehreren Betriebsgrößen in Korrelation zueinander gesetzt werden, wobei ein Bodenkennwert für die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit ermittelt wird. So kann beispielsweise nicht nur das Drehmoment bei einem Bohrwerkzeug, sondern auch eine Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit bei einer vorgegebenen Vortriebskraft als Betriebsgröße erfasst werden. Insbesondere durch die Kombination des Drehmomentes oder einer Drehzahl mit einer Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit oder einer Vortriebskraft kann eine noch bessere Aussage über die Beschaffenheit einer zu bearbeitenden Bodenschicht getroffen werden. Hieraus kann ein Bodenkennwert ermittelt werden, welcher anhand von abgespeicherten Werten in einer Datenbank einer bestimmten Bodenart oder Bodenschicht zugeordnet werden kann.Basically, according to the invention, only a single farm size or a single operating parameter can be used to determine the currently processed soil layer. According to a further development of the method according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous for a plurality of operating variables to be recorded and for the plurality of operating variables to be correlated with one another, a soil parameter for the control and evaluation unit being determined. For example, not only the torque in a drilling tool, but also a speed of advance at a given level of driving force can be recorded as an operating variable. In particular, by combining the torque or a speed with a propulsion speed or a propulsion force an even better statement about the nature of a soil layer to be worked can be made. From this, a soil characteristic value can be determined, which can be assigned to a specific soil type or soil layer on the basis of stored values in a database.

Zur Erfassung der entsprechenden Betriebsgrößen ist es nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorteilhaft, dass die mindestens eine Betriebsgröße mittels mindestens einer Erfassungseinrichtung an dem Baugerät erfasst wird. Die Erfassungseinrichtung kann insbesondere ein Sensor sein, welcher eine Betriebsgröße, etwa die Drehzahl, unmittelbar erfasst. Die Erfassungseinrichtungen können jedoch auch indirekt arbeiten, wobei etwa über die Leistungsaufnahme eines hydraulischen Drehantriebes ein Drehmoment errechnet und bestimmt wird. Die Erfassungseinrichtungen sind über eine Draht- oder Funkverbindung mit der Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit verbunden. Die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit kann sich dabei unmittelbar am Baugerät oder in einer Zentrale befinden, welche dann über eine entsprechende Verbindung mit dem Baugerät in Datenverbindung steht.According to a development of the invention, in order to record the corresponding operating parameters, it is advantageous that the at least one operating parameter is recorded on the construction device by means of at least one recording device. The detection device can in particular be a sensor which detects an operating variable, for example the speed, directly. However, the detection devices can also work indirectly, a torque being calculated and determined, for example, via the power consumption of a hydraulic rotary drive. The detection devices are connected to the control and evaluation unit via a wire or radio connection. The control and evaluation unit can be located directly on the construction device or in a control center, which is then in a data connection via a corresponding connection to the construction device.

Grundsätzlich kann jede geeignete Betriebsgröße oder Betriebsparameter für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ausgewählt und eingesetzt werden. Besonders aussagekräftig ist es nach einer Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, dass die mindestens eine Betriebsgröße ausgewählt ist aus den Größen Drehmoment, Drehzahl, Leistung, Vorschubkraft, Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, Beschleunigung, Energieeintrag, Schwingungen, Schall, Hydraulikdruck und/oder Hydraulikstrom. Insbesondere kann auch eine Kombination von mehreren Betriebsgrößen ausgewählt werden, so dass durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit mit besonders großer Sicherheit eine Aussage über die momentan bearbeitete Bodenschicht getroffen werden kann.In principle, any suitable operating variable or operating parameter can be selected and used for the method according to the invention. According to a further development of the method according to the invention, it is particularly meaningful that the at least one operating variable is selected from the variables of torque, speed, power, feed force, feed speed, acceleration, energy input, vibrations, sound, hydraulic pressure and / or hydraulic current. In particular, a combination of several operating variables can also be selected, so that the control and evaluation unit can be used to make a statement about the currently processed soil layer with a particularly high degree of certainty.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Verfahrensvariante der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit eine Datenbank aufweist, in der für bestimmte Bodenschichten Betriebsgrößen und/oder Bodenkennwerte abgespeichert werden. Die Datenbank kann bereits bei der Auslieferung eines Baugeräts vorgegeben sein oder im Betrieb von einer Zentrale aufgespielt oder mit neuen oder ergänzten Werten versehen und gepflegt werden. Weiterhin ist es nach einer Variante der Erfindung möglich, dass seitens des Gerätefahrers oder von der Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit selbst bevorzugte Datensätze, das heißt bevorzugte Eingangsgrößen für bestimmten Bodenkennwerte abgespeichert werden, die für den jeweiligen Bearbeitungsort oder für das jeweilige Gerät erstellt und ermittelt worden sind. Die Datenbank kann so ein Expertensystem darstellen, wobei auch eine automatische Verbesserung und Änderung der hinterlegten Datensätze aufgrund einer bevorzugten selbstlernenden Logik der Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit vorgesehen sein können.According to a further advantageous method variant of the invention, it is provided that the control and evaluation unit has a database in which operating parameters and / or soil parameters are stored for certain soil layers. The database can already be specified when a construction device is delivered, or can be uploaded from a central office, or can be provided with new or supplemented values and maintained. Furthermore, according to a variant of the invention, it is possible for the device driver or the control and evaluation unit Even preferred data records, that is to say preferred input variables for specific soil parameters, which have been created and ascertained for the respective processing location or for the respective device, are stored. The database can thus represent an expert system, and an automatic improvement and modification of the stored data records can also be provided on the basis of a preferred self-learning logic of the control and evaluation unit.

Eine weiter bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, dass durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit bei ermittelten Betriebsgrößen Bodenkennwerte, welche für bestimmten Betriebsgrößen abgespeichert sind, abgefragt und verglichen werden, wobei ein aktueller Bodenwert bestimmt wird. Erkennt beispielsweise die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit durch einen Vergleich der Eingangsgröße, etwa des Drehmomentes, mit einer resultierenden Ausgangsgröße, also eine sich einstellenden Drehzahl des Bohrwerkzeuges oder des Fräsrades, dass eine Bodenschicht mit geänderter Festigkeit und damit mit einem anderen Bodenbearbeitungswert durchörtert wird, kann die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit entsprechend dem aktuell ermittelten Bodenkennwert oder der aktuellen festgestellten Bodenschicht die Eingangsgrößen ändern. So kann etwa beim Feststellen einer Felsschicht die Drehzahl und die Vorschubkraft herabgesetzt werden, um einen übermäßigen Werkzeugverschleiß zu vermeiden und möglichst optimale Schnitt- oder Abtragsbedingungen für die Bodenschicht vorzusehen. Wird ein Datensatz mit einem gleichen oder ähnlichen Bodenkennwert in der Datenbank ermittelt, so kann die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit die Eingangs- oder Betriebsgröße entsprechend dem festgestellten Datensatz ändern oder dem Gerätefahrer beispielsweise an einem Monitor anzeigen. In einem Automatikmodus kann die bisherige Betriebsgröße durch eine geeignete Betriebsgröße für den Bodenkennwert erstellt werden. In diesem Fall würde also ein anliegendes Drehmoment abhängig von dem festgestellten Bodenkennwert, welcher einer bestimmten Bodenschicht zugeordnet ist, nach Auswertung der Datenbank geändert werden.A further preferred embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that the control and evaluation unit polls and compares soil parameters, which are stored for certain operating parameters, in the case of determined operating parameters, a current soil value being determined. If, for example, the control and evaluation unit recognizes by comparing the input variable, such as the torque, with a resulting output variable, i.e. an adjusting speed of the drilling tool or the milling wheel, that a soil layer with changed strength and thus with a different tillage value can be discussed Control and evaluation unit change the input variables according to the currently determined soil parameter or the currently determined soil layer. When a rock layer is detected, for example, the speed and the feed force can be reduced in order to avoid excessive tool wear and to provide the best possible cutting or removal conditions for the soil layer. If a data record with an identical or similar soil characteristic value is determined in the database, the control and evaluation unit can change the input or operating variable in accordance with the determined data record or display it to the device driver, for example on a monitor. In an automatic mode, the previous farm size can be created by a suitable farm size for the soil parameter. In this case, an applied torque would be changed depending on the determined soil parameter, which is assigned to a certain soil layer, after evaluating the database.

Insbesondere beim Durchörtern eines Bodens mit verschiedenen Bodenschichten ist es nach einer Verfahrensvariante der Erfindung vorteilhaft, dass anhand der bei der Bodenbearbeitung ermittelten Bodenkennwerte über die Bearbeitungstiefe oder Vortriebsstrecke ermittelten Bodenbearbeitungswerte ein Bodenprofil durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit ermittelt und gespeichert wird. Dabei kann entsprechend hinterlegten Daten in der Datenbank einem Bodenkennwert eine bestimmte Bodenart, etwa Lehm, Sand, Kies, Gestein etc. zugeordnet werden, wobei dies vorzugsweise auch unter Berücksichtigung des hinterlegten Bodenprofils erfolgt. Über eine vorzugsweise vorhandene Datenfernverbindung können diese Werte und damit auch ein Bodenprofil über die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit von einer Zentrale aus abgefragt werden. Damit kann ein Baugerät nicht nur zum Bearbeiten des Bodens verwendet werden, sondern es kann auch als ein Sondierungs- oder Analysewerkzeug zum Erkunden eines Bodenprofils eingesetzt werden.In particular when tearing through a soil with different soil layers, it is advantageous according to a method variant of the invention that, based on the soil parameters determined during soil cultivation via the tillage depth or tunneling route, a soil profile is determined by the control and evaluation unit is determined and stored. A specific soil type, such as loam, sand, gravel, rock, etc., can be assigned to a soil characteristic value in accordance with the data stored in the database, this preferably also taking into account the stored soil profile. These values, and thus also a soil profile, can be queried from a control center via the control and evaluation unit via a preferably existing remote data connection. This means that construction equipment can not only be used to work the soil, but can also be used as a probing or analysis tool to explore a soil profile.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es vorgesehen, dass durch die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit für das aktuelle Bodenprofil bevorzugte Betriebsgrößen über die Bearbeitungstiefe ermittelt und als ein Datensatz in der Datenbank hinterlegt werden. So kann beispielsweise ein Musterdatensatz für eine Bohrung an einer Baustelle mit dem vorab ermittelten Bodenprofil erstellt werden, wobei beispielsweise bis zu einer ersten Bohrtiefe ein erstes Drehmoment und eine erste Vorschubkraft, anschließend bei einer zweiten Bohrtiefe, ab welcher eine zweite Bodenschicht gegeben ist, ein zweites Drehmoment mit einer zweiten Vorschubkraft und so weiter abgespeichert werden. Ein derartiger Datensatz für einen Boden mit einem speziellen Bodenprofil kann dann für eine weitere Bearbeitung an der gleichen Baustelle abgerufen werden. Dabei kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass sich an einer Baustelle ein Bodenprofil nur selten sprunghaft ändert. Anhand der Daten der ersten Bearbeitung können so effektiv die weitere Bearbeitung, insbesondere Bohrungen oder Schlitze, auch von weniger erfahrenen Geräteführern erstellt werden.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the control and evaluation unit for the current soil profile determines preferred operating variables via the working depth and stores them as a data record in the database. For example, a sample data set for a drilling at a construction site can be created with the previously determined soil profile, with a first torque and a first feed force for example up to a first drilling depth, then a second one at a second drilling depth from which a second soil layer is given Torque can be stored with a second feed force and so on. Such a data set for a floor with a special floor profile can then be called up for further processing at the same construction site. It can be assumed that a soil profile rarely changes suddenly at a construction site. Based on the data from the first machining, the further machining, in particular bores or slots, can also be created effectively by less experienced machine operators.

Grundsätzlich ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei den verschiedenen Bodenbearbeitungsvarianten einsetzbar. Eine besonders bevorzugte Verfahrensvariante besteht darin, dass als Bodenbearbeitung ein Bohren mit einem Bohrwerkzeug oder ein Fräsen mit einer Schlitzwandfräse durchgeführt wird. Das Bohren kann dabei ein kontinuierliches Bohren, etwa mit einer Endlosschnecke oder ein diskontinuierliches Bohren, etwa mit einem Bohreimer oder mit einer einfachen Bohrschnecke sein.Basically, the method according to the invention can be used in the different tillage variants. A particularly preferred variant of the method consists of drilling with a drilling tool or milling with a trench cutter as the tillage. The drilling can be a continuous drilling, for example with an endless screw, or a discontinuous drilling, for example with a drilling bucket or with a simple drilling screw.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist auch beim Doppelkopfbohren einsetzbar, bei welchem mindestens zwei Drehantriebseinheiten vorgesehen sind. Dabei kann eine erste Drehantriebseinheit für ein innenliegendes Bohrwerkzeug vorgesehen sein, während eine weitere Drehantriebseinheit für ein außenliegendes Bohrrohr angeordnet ist. Bei einem Bohren in dem Boden ist auch ein Gesteinsbohren mitumfasst, welches etwa bei einem Anker- oder HDI-Bohren in eine etwa vertikale Wand oder sogar am Deckenbereich in einem Tunnel durchgeführt werden kann.The method according to the invention can also be used in double-head drilling, in which at least two rotary drive units are provided. One can first rotary drive unit can be provided for an internal drilling tool, while a further rotary drive unit is arranged for an external drilling tube. When drilling in the ground, rock drilling is also included, which can be carried out, for example, in the case of an anchor or HDI drilling in an approximately vertical wall or even on the ceiling area in a tunnel.

Beim Fräsen wird vorzugsweise eine Schlitzwandfräse mit mindestens einem Paar, vorzugsweise zwei Paaren von drehend angetriebenen Fräsrädern eingesetzt. Das Fräsen eines Frässchlitzes kann dabei in einem Einphasen-, Zweiphasen- oder einem CSMR-Verfahren durchgeführt werden, bei welchem in situ in dem Frässchlitz durch die Fräse eine Bodenmörtelmischung hergestellt wird. Es können ein oder mehrere Fräsradantriebe vorgesehen sein.When milling, a trench cutter with at least one pair, preferably two pairs, of rotatingly driven cutting wheels is preferably used. The milling of a milling slot can be carried out in a single-phase, two-phase or a CSM R process in which a soil mortar mixture is produced in situ in the milling slot by the milling machine. One or more cutting wheel drives can be provided.

Die Erfindung umfasst weiterhin ein System oder eine Anlage zum Erstellen eines Gründungselementes im Boden, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass in der Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit ein zu erwartendes Bodenprofil eingegeben ist, welches einen Schichtaufbau des Bodens mit Bodenschichten von unterschiedlicher Bodenbeschaffenheit angibt, und dadurch, dass die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit so ausgebildet ist, dass die erfasste, mindestens eine Betriebsgröße mit dem eingegebenen Bodenprofil in Korrelation gesetzt wird, um festzustellen, bei welcher Bearbeitungstiefe ein Übergang zwischen Bodenschichten unterschiedlicher Bodenbeschaffenheit vorliegt.The invention further comprises a system or system for creating a foundation element in the soil, which is characterized in that an expected soil profile is entered in the control and evaluation unit, which indicates a layer structure of the soil with soil layers of different soil properties, and thereby, that the control and evaluation unit is designed in such a way that the detected, at least one farm size is correlated with the entered soil profile in order to determine the processing depth at which there is a transition between soil layers of different soil properties.

Claims (12)

  1. Method for producing a foundation element in the ground by means of a construction apparatus,
    wherein by means of a ground working tool a hole is formed in the ground, in which the foundation element is produced,
    wherein by means of a control and evaluation unit at least one operating variable of the construction apparatus, which changes depending on a ground composition, is detected as a function of a working depth,
    characterized in that
    in the control and evaluation unit a ground profile to be expected is entered, which indicates a layer structure of the ground with ground layers of different ground composition, and
    in that by the control and evaluation unit at least one operating variable is set in correlation with the entered ground profile in order to establish, at which working depth a transition between ground layers of different ground composition is present.
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    by the control and evaluation unit a value to be expected of the at least one operating variable is ascertained for each ground layer of the entered ground profile.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    by the control and evaluation unit a current ground profile is created for the working location.
  4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    several operating variables are detected and
    in that the several operating variables are set in a correlation with one another, wherein a characteristic ground value is ascertained by the control and evaluation unit.
  5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the at least one operating variable is detected by means of at least one detection means on the construction apparatus.
  6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that
    the at least one operating variable is selected from the variables of torque, rotational speed, power, feed force, feed speed, acceleration, energy input, vibrations, sound, hydraulic pressure and/or hydraulic flow.
  7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that
    the control and evaluation unit has a database, in which operating variables and/or soil characteristics are saved for specific ground layers.
  8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that
    for ascertained operating variables, soil characteristics saved for specific operating variables are queried and compared by the control and evaluation unit, wherein a current soil characteristics is determined.
  9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterized in that
    on the basis of the soil characteristics ascertained during ground working a ground profile is ascertained and saved by the control and evaluation unit.
  10. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    by the control and evaluation unit preferred operating variables for the current ground profile are ascertained over the working depth and stored as a dataset in the database.
  11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that
    as ground working, a drilling with a drilling tool of a rotary drilling apparatus or a cutting with a diaphragm wall cutter is carried out.
  12. System for producing a foundation element in the ground with a construction apparatus,
    wherein a ground working tool is provided which can form a hole in the ground so that the foundation element can be produced therein,
    wherein a control and evaluation unit is present which, as a function of a working depth, can detect at least one operating variable of the construction apparatus, which changes depending on a ground composition,
    characterized in that
    in the control and evaluation unit a ground profile to be expected is entered, which indicates a layer structure of the ground with ground layers of different ground composition, and
    in that the control and evaluation unit is designed such that the at least one detected operating variable is set in correlation with the entered ground profile in order to establish, at which working depth a transition between ground layers of different ground composition is present.
EP18159364.1A 2018-03-01 2018-03-01 Method and system for creating a foundation element in the ground Active EP3533932B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18159364.1A EP3533932B1 (en) 2018-03-01 2018-03-01 Method and system for creating a foundation element in the ground
CN201980016606.5A CN112088233B (en) 2018-03-01 2019-01-17 Method and system for building foundation elements
JP2020545728A JP7317844B2 (en) 2018-03-01 2019-01-17 Method and system for fabricating foundation elements in soil
PCT/EP2019/051171 WO2019166153A1 (en) 2018-03-01 2019-01-17 Method and system for erecting a foundation element in the ground
KR1020207027467A KR20200124717A (en) 2018-03-01 2019-01-17 Methods and systems for producing foundation elements on the ground
US16/976,033 US20200400016A1 (en) 2018-03-01 2019-01-17 Method and system for producing a foundation element in the ground

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EP18159364.1A EP3533932B1 (en) 2018-03-01 2018-03-01 Method and system for creating a foundation element in the ground

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EP (1) EP3533932B1 (en)
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