EP3719246B1 - Method for creating a hole in the ground and ground processing device for same - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for creating a borehole in the ground with a drilling device, in which a drill rod is driven in rotation, to the lower end of which a first drilling tool is detachably attached via a connecting device, wherein a drilling depth is detected by means of a measuring device, according to the preamble of claim 1.

A generic device and method is described by the EP 3 081 737 A2 disclosed.

The invention further relates to a drilling device with a rotatably driven drill rod and a drilling tool which is fastened to the drill rod via a connecting device, according to the preamble of claim 12.

Drilling equipment for creating a borehole in the ground with a drilling tool at the lower end of a drill rod has been known for a long time. A drilling depth is usually determined by determining the travel path of a drilling equipment carriage along a mast. As long as a uniform drilling tool is used, such a relative measurement of the travel path of the drilling carriage allows a largely reliable conclusion to be drawn about a drilling depth. In many cases, when drilling through different soil layers with different strengths, it is necessary to change the drilling tool during the drilling process. This can make it even more difficult or significantly distorted to assign the travel path to a drilling depth.

The resulting measurement inaccuracies were taken into account when designing a borehole by providing sufficient design safety, i.e. by providing certain over-dimensions.

Over-dimensioning of boreholes and foundation elements leads to increased labor and material expenditure.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method for creating a borehole in the ground and a drilling device with which a borehole can be created particularly precisely.

The object is achieved on the one hand by a method having the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a drilling device having the features of claim 12. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that the drilling tool is initially placed on a reference surface and that this position is used as a reference height of the measuring device, that in the course of creating the bore a first drilling tool is removed and at least one second drilling tool is attached to the drill rod by means of the connecting device, the axial length of which has a length difference to the length of the first drilling tool, and that a correction factor is provided by which the length difference is taken into account in the measurements by the measuring device.

One aspect of the invention can be seen in setting the measuring device to a reference at the start of a drilling operation, whereby the drilling tool on the drill rod is placed in a defined position on the ground surface, i.e. on a planum. The measured values of the measuring device can thus reliably refer to a predetermined fixed position. In this way, a particularly precise measurement of the drilling depth can be carried out during the drilling process.

A preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that the measuring device is coupled to a lifting device, by means of which the drill rod with the drilling tool is moved along a drilling direction. An adjustment path of the lifting device can thus be used to determine the borehole depth. The lifting device can have a lifting cylinder or preferably a cable winch. In the case of a cable winch, the lifting path can be determined by detecting a rotation of a winch drum.

According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly expedient that the method is carried out discontinuously, with the drilling tool being repeatedly introduced into the borehole and then withdrawn from it, in particular in order to empty and/or change the drilling tool. In a discontinuous drilling method, calibration in relation to the ground surface is particularly advantageous, since when the drilling tool is withdrawn from the borehole, soil material can fall from the borehole wall onto the borehole bottom, so that a level of the borehole bottom may change and related measurements may be affected.

According to the invention, during the drilling process, a first drilling tool is removed and at least one second drilling tool is attached to the drill rod by means of the connecting device, the axial length of which has a length difference to an axial length of the first drilling tool, and a correction factor is provided by which the length difference is taken into account in the measurements by the measuring device. Changing a drilling tool is particularly necessary when different soil layers are drilled through. For example, for hard soil layers, the use of a rock drill with roller-shaped removal tools may be necessary, while for sandy or cohesive soil layers, a drilling tool with removal cutting edges is required. By recording the different drilling tools and recording a correction factor for different lengths, the drilling process can be carried out without the need to set a further reference.

It is particularly advantageous that a control unit is provided which is connected to a database in which the axial lengths of the specified drilling tools are stored. The database can be a mobile data storage device or a permanently installed data storage device in the device or a remote database, for example in a remote control center, with a connection being made via a remote data connection. The stored lengths can be used to carry out a reliable length correction by selecting the drilling tool used accordingly.

A practical design variant consists in providing a display unit with which the intended drilling tools are shown to an operator and the operator selects the drilling tool to be changed using an input device when changing drilling tools. This allows for quick adjustment and correction. The correction error can be determined automatically by the control unit.

According to a further development of the invention, particularly reliable detection of the current drilling tool is achieved by providing a detection device by which a drilling tool is automatically detected and the correction factor is determined. The tool can be detected, for example, using a camera with associated detection software. It can be particularly useful for an identification device to be arranged on the drilling tool, such as an RFID chip, which can be automatically queried. The control unit can thus independently detect a tool change and the tool that has been replaced and independently provide a correction for the drilling depth measurement if the tool length is different.

A fundamentally independent aspect of the invention is that a casing with at least one drill pipe is formed at the borehole, with an upper drill pipe projecting upwards above the ground surface, and that the projection of the drill pipe above the ground surface is measured by the measuring device when the drilling tool is placed on it. The method according to the invention can thus be used for precise detection of the casing. In particular, it can be determined exactly how far an inserted drill pipe projects above the ground surface, which also makes it possible to directly deduce how deep a lower end of the drill pipe is inserted into the ground.

It is particularly advantageous that data on the number and length of the drill pipes inserted can be entered into the control unit and that the control unit determines the depth of the casing based on the entered data and the measured overhang. By recording the number of drill pipes inserted and their respective lengths, a relatively long casing can also be reliably determined.

A particularly useful variant of the invention for the machine operator is that a display unit is provided, which shows a current drilling depth and/or a current depth of the casing. Preferably, the drilling depth and the depth of the casing are displayed together, so that the operator always has reliable information about whether the drilling tool is leading or lagging behind the casing. This is useful, for example, to avoid a ground failure when drilling through loose, groundwater-bearing soil layers. or for wear behaviour when drilling through rocky soil layers.

Furthermore, according to an embodiment variant of the invention, it is preferred that the borehole is filled with a preferably hardenable mass and a foundation element is created. The foundation element can in particular be a foundation pile which is formed with a concrete mass.

For comprehensive documentation of the drilling process, it is also advantageous that additional parameters such as speed, torque, feed rate, and drilling slurry supply deficiencies are recorded over the course of the drilling and stored and/or displayed depending on the drilling depth. The data can be recorded depending on the time and/or the drilling depth.

The invention further comprises a drilling device which is characterized in that it is designed to carry out the method described above. The drilling device can in particular have a carrier device with an approximately vertically aligned mast, on which a drilling rod with the drilling tool can be driven in rotation via a drilling drive carriage and can be moved in the drilling direction.

With such a drilling rig, the advantages described above can be achieved.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines Bohrwerkzeuges vor Beginn einer Bohrung;

Fig. 2

eine Darstellung des Bohrwerkzeuges beim Setzen des Bezugs auf einer Bodenoberfläche;

Fig. 3

eine Darstellung des Bohrwerkzeuges bei Abschluss eines ersten Bohrschrittes mit der Darstellung auf einem Bildschirm;

Fig. 4

eine Darstellung des Bohrwerkzeuges außerhalb des Bohrlochs zum Entleeren;

Fig. 5

eine Darstellung des Bohrwerkzeuges bei Abschluss eines zweiten Bohrschrittes;

Fig. 6

eine Darstellung des Bohrwerkzeuges außerhalb des Bohrlochs zum Entleeren;

Fig. 7

eine Darstellung gemäß Fig. 6 mit Angabe zur Länge des Bohrwerkzeuges;

Fig. 8

eine Darstellung bei einem Bohrwerkzeugwechsel;

Fig. 9

eine Seitenansicht eines eingewechselten zweiten Bohrwerkzeuges mit unterschiedlicher Länge;

Fig. 10

eine schematische Darstellung zur Bestimmung des Korrekturfaktors;

Fig. 11

eine schematische Ansicht der erstellten Bohrung mit einer Verrohrung;

Fig. 12

eine Ansicht der verrohrten Bohrung gemäß Fig. 11 mit Bestimmung eines Überstandes; und

Fig. 13

eine Ansicht der Bohrung mit Verrohrung gemäß Fig. 12 mit Ermittlung der Verrohrungstiefe.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments, which are shown schematically in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

Fig.1

a schematic representation of a drilling tool before starting a borehole;

Fig.2

a representation of the drilling tool setting the reference on a ground surface;

Fig.3

a representation of the drilling tool at the completion of a first drilling step with the representation on a screen;

Fig.4

a representation of the drilling tool outside the borehole for emptying;

Fig.5

a representation of the drilling tool at the completion of a second drilling step;

Fig.6

a representation of the drilling tool outside the borehole for emptying;

Fig.7

a representation according to Fig.6 with information on the length of the drilling tool;

Fig.8

a representation of a drilling tool change;

Fig.9

a side view of a replaced second drilling tool with different length;

Fig.10

a schematic representation for determining the correction factor;

Fig. 11

a schematic view of the drilled borehole with casing;

Fig. 12

a view of the cased borehole according to Fig. 11 with determination of a protrusion; and

Fig. 13

a view of the borehole with casing according to Fig. 12 with determination of the piping depth.

According to Fig.1 a first drilling tool 24 designed as a drilling bucket or box drill is shown, which is detachably attached via a connecting device 23 to a drilling rod 22 of a drilling device 20, not shown in detail.

To set the reference of a measuring device, the first drilling tool 24 is placed flat on a floor surface 7 of a floor 5. A cutting device can be at least partially inserted into the floor 5, as Fig.2 can be seen.

By rotating the first drilling tool 24, soil material is removed and taken up in the first drilling tool 24, whereby in a first step a bore 10 is created in the soil 5, as Fig.3 In the example shown, the first drilling step has a depth of 0.5 m, which is indicated on a display unit 30.

After this first drilling step, the first drilling tool 24 is withdrawn from the bore 10 and moved to a spaced emptying position, as in Fig.4 is indicated. The drilling depth achieved in the first drilling step is measured by means of a measuring device via the lifting device (not shown) for vertically moving the drilling rod 22 on the drilling device 20 and is displayed to a machine operator on the display unit 30. In the embodiment shown, the drilling depth after the first drilling step is 0.5 m. At the same time, the display unit 30 can display Fig.4 The current height of the drilling tool 24 above the ground surface 7 recorded by the measuring device can also be displayed, which in the illustrated embodiment is 0.8 m.

According to Fig.5 the first drilling tool 24 can be moved back into the bore 10 to carry out a further drilling step in order to carry out a second drilling step of a further 0.5 m. This further drilling step of 0.5 m is also displayed to an operator in the display unit 30, together with the current position of the lower edge of the drill bit of 1 m.

The display unit 30 contains a field for the drilling depth after the previous drilling step 31, a field for the current drilling progress 32, a field for the position of the lower edge of the drilling tool in relation to the construction site 33 and a field for the position of the lower edge of the drilling tool according to a changing reference 34. Furthermore, a position of the drilling tool in the borehole is graphically displayed in field 36.

As in Fig.6 As shown, the first drilling tool 24 can then be withdrawn from the borehole 10 and moved to an emptying position. The total drilling depth achieved of -1 m relative to the ground surface 7 is now displayed in the display unit 30.

In Fig.7 In addition to the height of the drilling tool of 0.8 m above the ground surface 7, the length of the first drilling tool 24 is also shown at 1 m.

According to Fig.8 the first drilling tool 24 is removed from the drilling rod 22 by releasing the connecting device 23. The reference of the measuring device to the height of the drilling rod 22 is retained in the control unit.

According to Fig.9 a second drilling tool 26 can be detachably attached to the connecting device 23 of the drilling rod 22. The second drilling tool 26 is an auger drill in the embodiment shown. The second drilling tool 26 has a total length of 0.6 m, which represents a difference in length of 0.4 m compared to the axial length of the first drilling tool 24.

The axial lengths of the first drilling tool 24 and the second drilling tool 26 are stored in a database of a control unit of the drilling device 20, as shown schematically in Fig.10 The tool change can be carried out in the control unit manually by a machine operator or automatically by the control unit itself if there is a corresponding detection or recording device for the drilling tools 24, 26. Using the entered values, a correction factor for the measuring device and thus also for the display on the display unit 30 can be determined on the basis of the length difference of 0.4 m. According to Fig.10 After the second drilling tool 26 has been inserted, a corrected height of the second drilling tool 26 relative to the ground surface 7 of 1.2 m is then displayed in the display unit 30.

In this way, an accurate measurement of the drilling depth and the position of the respective drilling tool 24, 26 in relation to the ground surface 7 is always displayed and taken into account, even when the drilling tools 24, 26 have changed and have different axial lengths.

According to a further method, casing can be provided in the borehole 10 by inserting at least one drill pipe 14, as clearly shown in Fig. 11 The drill pipe 14 can be screwed into the bore 10 by a casing machine (not shown). To determine the drill pipe depth, the first drilling tool 24, with which the reference has been set, can be an upper side of the drill pipe 14, which protrudes from the ground surface 7, as clearly shown in Fig. 12 is shown. The position and height indication of the first drilling tool 24 thus simultaneously indicates the height of the projection of the drill pipe 14 relative to the ground surface 7.

From this, according to Fig. 13 based on entered or stored information on the length of the drill pipe 14, it can be determined how deep the drill pipe 14 is inserted into the ground 5. In the illustrated embodiment according to Fig. 13 this is 1.50 m. At the same time, the display unit 30 can also indicate the drilling depth of the borehole 10, so that an operator of the drilling device 20 can immediately see whether the casing has been laid down to the bottom of the borehole 10 or, as in this example, the drill pipe 14 has been screwed in 0.50 m deeper than the drill bottom. If, as in the prior art, the reference is reset, here to the top edge of the drill pipe, field 34 shows the position of the bottom edge of the drilling tool in relation to the new reference. You can therefore see the new height, which in the example shown deviates by 1.50 m from the actual height, while field 33 still shows the correct height of the drilling tool 24. There is also a field for the advance of the drill pipe 35.

Claims (12)

1. Method for creating a bore (10) in the ground (5) using a boring device (20), in which a boring bar (22) is driven in a rotary manner, at the bottom end of which a boring tool (24, 26) is releasably fastened by means of a connection apparatus (23), wherein a boring depth is detected by means of a measurement apparatus,
   characterised in that

   at the start, the boring tool (24, 26) is placed on a reference surface, and

   in that this position is used as a reference height of the measurement apparatus, in that while the bore (10) is being created, a first boring tool (24) is removed and at least one second boring tool (26) is fastened to the boring bar (22) by means of the connection apparatus (23), the axial length of which has a length difference compared with the length of the first boring tool (24), and

   in that a correction factor is provided, by which the length difference is taken into account by the measurement apparatus in the measurements.
2. Method according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the measurement apparatus is coupled to a lifting apparatus, by which the boring bar (22) having the boring tool (24, 26) is moved along the boring direction.
3. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2,
   characterised in that
   the method is carried out non-continuously, wherein the boring tool (24, 26) is repeatedly introduced into the bore (10) and retracted out of it again, in particular in order to empty or change the boring tool (24, 26).
4. Method according to any of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that
   a control unit is provided, which is connected to a database in which the axial lengths of the predefined boring tools (24, 26) are stored.
5. Method according to any of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that
   a display unit (30) is provided, by means of which the provided boring tools (24, 26) are displayed to an operator, and, when changing a boring tool, the operator selects the boring tool (24, 26) to be exchanged with by means of an input apparatus.
6. Method according to any of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in that
   a detection apparatus is provided, by which a boring tool (24, 26) is automatically detected and the correction factor is established.
7. Method according to any of claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that

   a casing having at least one bore pipe (14) is formed on the bore (10), wherein an upper bore pipe (14) protrudes upwards in relation to the ground surface (7), and

   in that the protruding length of the bore pipe (14) in relation to the ground surface (7) is measured by means of the measurement apparatus by attaching the boring tool (24, 26).
8. Method according to claim 7,
   characterised in that

   data on the number and length of the inserted bore pipes (14) can be input in a control unit, and

   in that a depth of the casing is established by the control unit on the basis of the input data and the measured protruding length.
9. Method according to any of claims 1 to 8,
   characterised in that
   a display unit (30) is provided, by which a current boring depth and/or a current depth of the casing is displayed.
10. Method according to any of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that
    the bore (10) is filled with a preferably curable compound and a foundation element is created.
11. Method according to any of claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in that
    over the course of the bore (10), further parameters, such as speed, torque, feed and amounts of flushing fluid are detected and are stored and/or displayed depending on the boring depth.
12. Boring device (20) having a boring bar (22), which can be driven in a rotary manner, and a first boring tool (24, 26), which can be fastened to the boring bar (22) in a replaceable manner by means of a connection apparatus (23),

    having a measuring device to detect the boring depth ,

    wherein a second boring tool (24, 26), which has an axial length different from that of the first boring tool (24, 26), can be fastened to the boring bar (22) by means of a connection apparatus (23),

    characterised in that

    the boring device (20) is configured to carry out a method according to any of claims 1 to 11, and, to that end comprises means for detecting a reference height for the measuring device by placing one of the boring tools (24, 26) onto a reference surface, and means are provided for detecting a correction factor for different lengths of the boring tools when the boring tool is changed.

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