DE202022000547U1 - drilling rig - Google Patents

Abstract

drilling rig (1),
having a mechanical drilling unit (2), a sensor unit (3) and a drilling base detection unit (4),
wherein the drilling mechanics unit (2) has a drive assembly (5), a drilling assembly (6) and a drilling emulsion unit (7),
wherein the sensor unit (3) has a plurality of sensors (8) and is designed to record a plurality of parameters of a drilling process using the sensors (8) from the group:
- Push/pull force
- torque
- Number of revolutions
- Propulsion speed
- Bore path
- Bore inclination
- amount of drilling emulsion
- drilling emulsion pressure
and is designed to make the recorded parameters available in a transferrable manner, the subsoil detection unit (4) being connected to the sensor unit (3) and having an evaluation unit (9) and being designed to evaluate the recorded parameters, to provide an evaluation result and to assign the evaluation result to a subsoil type that can be stored ,
and wherein the evaluation unit (9) has a data output unit (10) which is designed to output the allocated subsoil type as a determined subsoil type.

Description

The invention relates to a drilling rig with subsoil detection, which is designed to analyze the subsoil during an earth bore.

Drilling rigs for ground drilling are known in various designs from the prior art. A drill head is attached to an extendable rod and rotated into the ground. Drilling takes place via a drive that sets the drill rods in rotating motion. Such a drilling rig is usually of compact design, so that it can be made transportable. Erdlochbohrmaschinen can be designed in particular for vertical and horizontal drilling.

It is also known from the prior art to use drilling emulsions to support the drilling process, particularly in horizontal drilling. Drilling emulsions make it possible to soften the area of the drill channel in front of the drill head and thus improve the cutting effect. Furthermore, the removed earth material is flushed out and for this purpose an annular gap between the drill rod and the drill channel is kept open, which at the same time reduces the skin friction between the drill rod and the drill channel wall, with the drilling emulsion also acting as a lubricant. Drilling emulsions are in particular in the form of a dispersion of water and bentonite and can also contain additives, with adjustment to the material properties of the drill bed being necessary here. An advantageous solution for the material composition-adaptive provision of a drilling emulsion is, for example, by DE 10 2017 002 336 A1 known.

The mechanical operating parameters such as speed, penetration depth, penetration depth per revolution, etc. can usually be set via the machine according to the prior art. Furthermore, with an existing device, the composition of the drilling emulsion can also be prepared and supplied according to specific requirements.

It is usual here for the operating parameters to be set manually by the system operator. It is particularly disadvantageous here that the decision-making basis for the setting of the operating parameters is based on the assessment and the experience required for this by the plant operator or on subsoil analyzes carried out beforehand. The disadvantage here is that subsoil analyzes are time-consuming and costly and generally only provide information on certain reference sections of the future drill channel.

With or without subsoil analysis, the quality of a borehole depends on the experience of the plant operator and thus on subjective factors. The quality of a well, including the time required, energy required, the consumption of drilling emulsion and in particular the stress and wear on the drilling rig, can thus be disadvantageously suboptimal and fluctuate greatly.

The object of the invention is to provide a drilling rig with which ground drilling can be carried out efficiently and with high quality and the service life of the rig or of components of the rig can be increased.

The object is achieved by the features listed in claim 1. Preferred developments emerge from the dependent claims.

The drilling rig according to the invention is preferably designed as a horizontal drilling rig and has a mechanical drilling unit, a sensor unit and a subsoil detection unit as basic components.

The drilling rig is preferably designed to be compact so that it is easily transportable. For this purpose, the system can, for example, be set up directly on various chassis or housed in standardized freight containers.

In a manner known per se, the drilling mechanism unit has a drive assembly, a drilling assembly and a drilling emulsion unit. The mechanical drilling unit includes, in particular, the drill head and the drill rods and is used directly for the mechanical removal of the soil in the form of a borehole. To do this, a drill head with an extendable rod is driven into the ground.

The area of the subsoil into which the borehole is to be drilled is referred to below as the subsoil.

A pilot bore is preferably first introduced in a feed movement. In this case, the pilot bore is guided to an outlet opening at the target point. The drill head is now accessible and is now exchanged for a clearing drill head, which is designed for removing subsoil in a clearing bore and usually has a larger diameter than the drill head for the pilot bore. The clearing bore is then carried out by a retraction movement with a simultaneous rotating cutting movement of the clearing drill head and the drill channel is thus widened.

The rotary movement required for this and the superimposed feed movement, as well as the retraction movement in the case of a clearing bore, are generated by the drive assembly. This is also known as such from the prior art and preferably has at least one motor, one gear and a correspondingly solid frame.

The drilling rig according to the invention is characterized in particular by the sensor unit and the subsoil detection unit.

The sensor unit according to the invention is designed to record a number of parameters of a drilling process. For this purpose, the sensor unit has a plurality of sensors. The parameters are recorded using these sensors.

• - Schub-/Zugkraft
• - Drehmoment
• - Drehzahl
• - Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit
• - Bohrungsweg
• - Bohrungsneigung
• - Bohremulsionsmenge
• - Bohremulsionsdruck

The sensor unit is designed to record several parameters from the group listed below:

• - Push/pull force
• - torque
• - Number of revolutions
• - Propulsion speed
• - Bore path
• - Bore inclination
• - amount of drilling emulsion
• - drilling emulsion pressure

The parameters of the group mentioned are also referred to below as the parameters for short.

All technical means that can be used to record the parameters are understood as sensors. The sensors can be arranged as additional structural units on the relevant elements of the mechanical drilling unit. However, it is also possible that the sensors are already present as integrated structural units of the mechanical drilling unit and the mechanical drilling unit provides an interface via which the data from the sensors can be output and then further processed.

The sensors thus determine the parameters that are important for the process. These are in particular mechanical parameters. For example, the shearing or pulling force provides information about the axial force applied to the drill head in relation to the ground for drilling advance or about axial skin friction when pulling out the drill rods and thus enables conclusions to be drawn about the properties of the subsoil material such as in particular the soil density or hardness. This also applies in a corresponding manner to the torque in connection with the speed. Further of the sensors correspondingly record further characteristic values. The amount of drilling emulsion and the drilling emulsion pressure used can also be related to one another and to parameters and thus allow more precise conclusions to be drawn about the properties of the subsoil material.

The properties of the subsoil material are also referred to below as subsoil properties or subsoil properties.

With the help of the sensors in the sensor unit, the important parameters for each drilling process can be determined, with the strength and rock mechanics being different depending on the type of rock or soil. As a rule, some of the parameters can also be specified as setting values by the plant operator during the operational management of the drilling plant. Here, the parameters are partly inevitably related to one another, so that, for example, at a certain speed and a certain rate of advance depending on the subsoil properties - at the same time depending on the amount of drilling emulsion and other factors - a certain torque results.

Furthermore, the sensor unit is designed to provide the detected parameters in a transferrable manner, so that they are available for further processing by the subsoil detection unit.

The subsoil detection unit according to the invention is connected to the sensor unit and receives the data from the sensors in this way.

The subsoil detection unit has, in particular, an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is preferably a computer.

The evaluation unit according to the invention is designed to evaluate the detected parameters and to provide an evaluation result. For this purpose, both the absolute values of the individual parameters, referred to below as absolute values, and their relative ratios as relative values to one another are used. The more parameters are recorded and evaluated, the more different relationships and thus different relative values can be formed between the individual parameters. In this way, an evaluation result is provided, for example, as a data set that contains relative values and preferably both absolute values and relative values values. In addition, relative values are preferably set in relation to one another, so that derived relative values can also be formed and made available as part of the evaluation result. In addition, further derived relative values can be set in further relationships to parameter values, so that derived relative values of the second and higher orders can also be formed. Absolute values, relative values and derived relative values of all orders are collectively referred to as the parameter values

The evaluation unit is also designed to assign the evaluation result to a subsoil type that can be stored.

For this purpose, the evaluation unit preferably has a storable database. Multi-dimensional value corridors for characteristic values such as absolute values, relative values and derived relative values can be stored here for different subsoil types.

A comparison module is used to compare the evaluation result and the range of values, with the relevant subsoil type being assigned to the evaluation result if there is a match.

The evaluation unit also has a data output unit which is designed to output the allocated subsoil type as a determined subsoil type. A data output unit is any device that is designed to make a determined subsoil type recognizable for a plant operator or for further technical processing. The data output unit can therefore be, for example, a display, a monitor, an interface or a memory, for example for documentation of a drilled hole.

The present invention is based on the fact that it was surprisingly found that a significant improvement in the service life of a drilling rig and in particular of the drilling tools such as the drill heads and the drill rods can be achieved with little effort by means of reliable subsoil detection. It was also found here that in particular the formation of relative values and derived relative values enables a high level of assignment reliability.

With the identified subsoil type, a scheme for the subsoil condition is available that can aggregate a broad information base and make it available for further operational processes.

Operating processes of this kind are understood to mean, in particular, the operational management of the drilling rig with the aim of achieving certain operating states, as well as tamper-proof documentation of a drilling operation.

Based on a recognized bottom type, the rig operator can be provided with a model operating scheme that serves as a guide and significantly reduces the likelihood of sub-optimal operation. At the same time, the technical requirements for the personnel are reduced so that even less experienced plant operators can operate a drilling rig.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the effectiveness of the drilling can be increased, for example by making better use of the subsoil type-specific possible advance speeds, reducing the energy consumption to the required level and the wear and tear of plant parts and consumption of drilling emulsion, for example, can be reduced.

Another important advantage is the objectivity of the assessment of the subsoil based on measurement data. Both the measurement data and the subsoil types that are output can be documented in a tamper-proof manner and can therefore be used as a basis, for example, for cost calculations and for an assessment of the wear and tear of the drilling rig.

According to an advantageous development, the drilling rig is characterized in that the evaluation unit is designed to assign a drilling head position to the type of subsoil determined.

Based on the drill head position, the exact geoposition data of the subsoil type can be assigned and documented. Furthermore, there is the advantage that information about the drill rods that are subject to skin friction is also available, so that the torque component that is attributable to the drill head and the torque component that is attributable to the skin friction can be better expressed in the evaluation result, thus further increasing the assignment reliability can.

According to a next advantageous development, the drilling rig is characterized in that the sensor system has a GPS module with which geoposition data can be provided and the evaluation unit is designed to evaluate the geoposition data.

A subsoil cadastre can be created with the help of the geoposition data. In this way, a drilling area can be stored in the database with its locally recognized subsoil conditions the. This means that the data on the condition of the subsoil can also be read from the database using the geoposition for any later applications such as further drilling or for construction work.

Conversely, data that is already available on the nature of the subsoil can also be assigned to an evaluation result and used for recognizing the type of subsoil or output in addition to a recognized type of subsoil for a plausibility check.

According to a further advantageous development, the drilling rig is characterized in that the evaluation unit has a control module which is designed to assign a determined subsoil type to an operating scheme that can be stored. Furthermore, the control module is designed to call up the assigned operating scheme as an established operating scheme and to use the established operating scheme to generate control commands that are transmitted to the drilling mechanism.

• - Schub-/Zugkraft
• - Drehmoment
• - Drehzahl
• - Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit
• - Bohremulsionsmenge
• - Bohremulsionszusammensetzung (Zuschlagsrezepturen)
• - Bohremulsionsdruck

hinterlegt sind.For this purpose, an operating scheme data record is preferably assigned to the subsoil types in the database module, in which target operating states, in particular parameters, such as:

• - Push/pull force
• - torque
• - Number of revolutions
• - Propulsion speed
• - amount of drilling emulsion
• - Drilling emulsion composition (aggregate recipes)
• - drilling emulsion pressure

are deposited.

The control unit then controls and regulates the drilling mechanism, preferably similar to a computer-programmable control based on a microprocessor unit.

In this way, semi-automatic or automatic operational management of the drilling rig can advantageously take place. The drilling rig is then automatically controlled and regulated, with optional manual intervention remaining possible.

Furthermore, if no clear subsoil or no operating scheme can be assigned to the current drilling process, this allows the operating personnel to be issued with the instruction for manual system management.

In a further development, the system is designed to be self-learning, based on a neural network that adds artificial intelligence to the control. In this way, the evaluation unit can further develop an operating scheme in the case of manual plant management. The improved data can thus be accessed for the next comparable well.

• 1 schematische Darstellung des Bohranlagenaufbaus

näher erläutert.The invention is an exemplary embodiment based on

• 1 schematic representation of the drilling rig structure

explained in more detail.

The 1 describes the drilling rig 1 in a schematic representation of the basic structure.

In this exemplary embodiment, the components of the system are accommodated in a system carrier, such as a transport container or the like. The drilling rig 1 is driven by the mechanical drilling unit 2. For this purpose, it consists of a drive assembly 5 and the connected drilling assembly 6. The drilling assembly 6 represents the tool that penetrates into the subsoil 11 and creates a borehole.

The drilling emulsion unit 7 is connected here as a further unit. The drilling emulsion is used to avoid the subsoil 11, to reduce friction and wear on the drilling assembly 6 and to flush out the soil that has been removed in the subsoil 11.

A plurality of sensors 8 are distributed on the drilling mechanics unit 2 and the drilling assembly 6 . The sensors 8 are attached in such a way that they can directly determine the influencing variable to be measured. The sensors 8 are combined as a sensor unit 3 .

From here there is a data connection to the evaluation unit 9 of the subsoil detection unit 4, with the evaluation unit 9 evaluating the sensor data. The evaluation result is output by means of the data output unit 10, designed here as a monitor, and displayed visually for the system operator.

Furthermore, the evaluation unit 9 of the subsoil detection unit 4 has a control module 12 . The control module 12 has a memory with which an operating scheme is stored for a number of subsoil types. The operating scheme in question is called up as soon as a certain subsoil type has been detected. The retrieved operation scheme becomes control commands generated, which control the operating states of the drilling mechanics unit 2 and the drilling emulsion unit 7, for example the speed, the feed force and the drilling emulsion amount and the drilling emulsion composition.

Reference List

1

drilling rig

2

drill mechanics unit

3

sensory unit

4

Subsoil detection unit

5

drive assembly

6

drilling assembly

7

drilling emulsion unit

8th

sensors

9

evaluation unit

10

data output unit

11

building ground

12

control module

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102017002336 A1 [0003]

Claims (4)

drilling rig (1), having a mechanical drilling unit (2), a sensor unit (3) and a drilling base detection unit (4), wherein the drilling mechanics unit (2) has a drive assembly (5), a drilling assembly (6) and a drilling emulsion unit (7), wherein the sensor unit (3) has a plurality of sensors (8) and is designed to record a plurality of parameters of a drilling process using the sensors (8) from the group: - Push/pull force - torque - Number of revolutions - Propulsion speed - Bore path - Bore inclination - amount of drilling emulsion - drilling emulsion pressure and is designed to make the detected parameters available in a transferrable manner, the subsoil detection unit (4) being connected to the sensor unit (3) and having an evaluation unit (9) and being designed to evaluate the detected parameters, to provide an evaluation result and to assign the evaluation result to a subsoil type that can be stored , and wherein the evaluation unit (9) has a data output unit (10) which is designed to output the allocated subsoil type as a determined subsoil type. drilling rig (1) after claim 1 , characterized in that the evaluation unit (9) is designed to assign a drilling head position to the determined subsoil type. drilling rig (1) after claim 1 and 2 , characterized in that the sensor system has a GPS module with which geo-position data can be provided and the evaluation unit (9) is designed to evaluate the geo-position data. Drilling rig (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaluation unit (9) has a control module (12) which is designed to assign a storable operating scheme to a determined subsoil type, which is also designed to call up the assigned operating scheme as a determined operating scheme and which is designed to generate control commands on the basis of the determined operating scheme and to transmit them to the drilling mechanism.

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