EP3533115A1 - Dispositif de surveillance d'usure d'un balai d'un dispositif de surveillance de courant dans une machine électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de surveillance d'usure d'un balai d'un dispositif de surveillance de courant dans une machine électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3533115A1
EP3533115A1 EP17800716.7A EP17800716A EP3533115A1 EP 3533115 A1 EP3533115 A1 EP 3533115A1 EP 17800716 A EP17800716 A EP 17800716A EP 3533115 A1 EP3533115 A1 EP 3533115A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
measuring element
monitoring device
wear
wear monitoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17800716.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Istvan DEAK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, SEG Automotive Germany GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3533115A1 publication Critical patent/EP3533115A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/58—Means structurally associated with the current collector for indicating condition thereof, e.g. for indicating brush wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/66—Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/08—Slip-rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/66—Structural association with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of, or controlling, the machine, e.g. with impedances or switches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/6608—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in single component
    • H01R13/6625—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in single component with capacitive component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wear monitoring device of a brush of a power transmission device in an electric machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Power transmission devices such as commutation devices in electrical machines are used to transmit power to the armature of the electric machine and include brushes in brush holders, which are supplied with power via strands.
  • the brushes are from a
  • Wear monitoring device can be detected.
  • a wear monitoring device which comprises a signal generator on the carbon brush, which upon reaching a predetermined wear limit of the brush against an electric
  • Bending contact is moved, which is part of a signal circuit. This will trigger a signal indicating that the wear limit has been reached
  • a wear monitoring device in which the current position of a permanently connected to the brush Conductor is detected, being closed from the position of the conductor on the wear of the brush.
  • the wear monitoring device according to the invention is for
  • the brush is in one
  • Brush holder slidably received and is due to the force of a spring element on the lateral surface of an armature-side, current-carrying
  • Armature winding is transmitted.
  • the power supply of the brush via a conductor, which is either connected to a power source or electrically grounded.
  • the current transmission device is, for example, a commutation device with an armature-side collector for
  • Armature windings are electrically connected.
  • Commutation devices are preferably used in DC motors.
  • the power transmission device can also, according to an alternative
  • Execution be designed as a slip ring system in a slip ring rotor machine.
  • Current is transferred to an armature winding via an armature-side slip ring against which the brush rests.
  • the slip ring rotor machine is a three-phase asynchronous machine which is used, for example, as a generator.
  • the brush Due to the frictional contact between the end face of the brush holder slidably received in the brush holder and the circumferential, armature-side component, the brush is subjected to permanent wear.
  • the wear monitoring device the wear can monitored the brush and in particular a critical wear limit can be detected.
  • the wear monitoring device comprises a current-conducting measuring element assigned to the brush, whose electrical voltage depends on the position of the brush in the brush holder. The position of the brush changes in the
  • Brush holder so also changes the electrical voltage of the current-conducting measuring element, which by means of an electrical measuring device of the
  • Wear monitoring device can be detected.
  • the electrical measuring element is arranged at a distance from the brush and together with the brush forms an electrical capacitor whose electrical capacitance depends on the relative position of the brush to the measuring element.
  • the brush and the measuring element thus each form capacitor halves, between which an electric field is produced due to an energization of the brush and, consequently, a voltage potential in the measuring element which can be detected by means of the measuring device.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that a non-contact, capacitive measurement is performed and no contact between the measuring element and the brush is required.
  • the measuring element is at a distance to the brush, there is no contact between the measuring element and the brush. Accordingly, there is also no contamination or corrosion of the measuring element, whereby the function of the wear monitoring device could be impaired.
  • the measuring element is fixed to the housing and can not perform any relative movement with respect to the housing.
  • the length of the brush and thus also the relative position of the brush relative to the measuring element changes, which changes the capacitance of the electrical capacitor, consisting of brush and measuring element, which leads to a correspondingly changed electrical voltage in the measuring element Measuring device can be determined.
  • the measuring element is either on a housing component of
  • the measuring element may be integrated in the wall of the brush holder, which consists of an electrically non-conductive material. This embodiment has the advantage that the measuring element is in the immediate vicinity of the brush and thus can form a significant electric field between the measuring element and the brush, without the risk of an immediate, a short circuit
  • Unused condition at least 50% of the surface of the measuring element on. It may be appropriate if the surface of the brush in the
  • the facing surface of the measuring member has, based on the mutually facing and opposite side surfaces of measuring member and brush.
  • the measuring element and the brush are advantageously located opposite one another in order to achieve a comparatively high capacitance of the capacitor. Accordingly, the brush and measuring element have a high degree of coverage in the initial state of the brush. During the wear of the brush, this changes its relative position relative to the measuring element, whereby the surface portion of the brush opposite the measuring element decreases and the capacitance of the capacitor changes.
  • the measuring member surrounds the brush partially or completely.
  • the measuring element may be expedient, for example, to integrate the measuring element into the brush holder, which preferably has a rectangular cross-sectional geometry for receiving the brush, the measuring element in or on exactly one side of the brush holder, on two sides, on three sides or on four sides to arrange.
  • the measuring element When positioned on all four sides of the measuring member surrounds the inner brush completely, whereas when positioned on two or three sides of the measuring member surrounds the brush only partially and when positioned on one side only the measuring member of the brush.
  • the measuring element is in the Wall of the brush holder integrated, so that a direct contact between the brush and the measuring member is prevented.
  • the measuring element is designed, for example, as a current plate, which lies opposite the brush and in particular is arranged parallel to the brush.
  • each current plates are integrated, which are interconnected and together form the measuring element.
  • Wear monitoring device on a drive circuit for generating an excitation voltage in the brush. Via the drive circuit, an exciter voltage signal is generated in the brush, wherein due to the capacitive coupling of the brush to the measuring element also in the measuring element a
  • Wear monitoring device heard can be determined.
  • Exciter voltage signal for example, a PWM-shaped
  • the drive circuit is designed, for example, as a field regulator, which comprises a transistor, for example a MOSFET or an H-bridge, wherein via the drive circuit a defined
  • Voltage signal is applied to the brush.
  • the measured voltage in the measuring element can be compared to
  • Operating voltage can be set, with which the brush is energized for energizing the armature winding.
  • the operating voltage is used as excitation voltage.
  • the adjusting in the measuring element voltage is in a known ratio to the operating voltage in the brush, wherein when a wear of the brush, a voltage change in the measuring element, caused by a change in capacity, sets.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a brush in a brush holder of a power transmission device in an electrical machine, shown in the unconsumed initial state and in a state of wear, each with an associated measuring element,
  • Fig. 2 shows the course of an excitation voltage and the course of the voltage in the measuring element in response to the excitation voltage, shown in FIG
  • FIG. 9 shows a drive circuit for generating an excitation voltage.
  • Fig. 1 is in two different states of wear, a brush 1 in a brush holder 2 of a power transmission device in an electrical
  • the current transmission device is, for example, a commutation device with one with the armature circulating collector 3, on the lateral surface of the brush 1 is applied.
  • the brush 1 is slidably mounted in the brush holder 2 and is of a
  • the brush 1 is energized via a current conductor 5.
  • Power transmission device provided with a wear monitoring device comprising a current-conducting measuring element 6, which is associated with the brush 1.
  • the measuring element 6 is formed for example as a current conductor or as an electrically conductive plate and spaced from the brush 1, but arranged parallel to this.
  • the measuring element 6 lies, for example, in the wall of the brush holder 2. In any case, direct contact between the brush 1 and the measuring element 6 is excluded.
  • the brush 1 and the current-conducting measuring element 6 each form
  • the measuring element 6 is fixed to the housing, in particular fixed to the
  • Brush holder 2 connected, in particular integrated in the wall of the brush holder 2.
  • the length of the brush 1 is shortened, as a result of which the relative position between the brush 1 and the measuring member 6 also changes.
  • a changing capacitance of the capacitor with the capacitor halves of the brush 1 and the measuring element 6 is established.
  • the change in the capacitance of the capacitor with brush 1 and measuring element 6 can be detected via the electrical voltage potential Ui of the measuring element 6. Between the brush 1 and the measuring element 6, an electric field E is generated, which generates the voltage potential Ui in the measuring element 6.
  • the voltage Ui of the brush 6 can be determined by means of an electrical measuring device. Upon a change in the voltage Ui, triggered by a change in capacitance due to a wear-related shortening and change in position of the brush 1, a warning signal can be generated as soon as the voltage Ui of the measuring element 6 reaches a threshold value.
  • the measuring element 6 is arranged axially at a distance from the open end side of the brush holder or to the collector 3. In the unconsumed initial state of the brush 1, this has a greater length than the measuring element 6 and is arranged opposite the measuring element 6 in such a way that the brush 1 extends completely in the height of the measuring element 6. Im consumed
  • the electrical measuring device comprises precisely one measuring element 6, which is fixed to the housing or arranged on the brush holder 2.
  • voltage curves U for a field voltage U er r (upper picture) and a measuring element voltage Ui (lower picture) are shown in a time-dependent manner.
  • the excitation voltage U er r is applied to the brush 1, for example by means of a drive circuit as shown in Fig. 9.
  • the exciter voltage U er r is formed as a rectangular PWM signal (pulse width modulation), which leads to the exciting current waveform I err shown in the upper graph.
  • the measuring element voltage Ui adjusts according to the lower diagram. Shown in the lower diagram is the measuring element voltage UI, A for the unconsumed initial state of the brush 1 and the measuring element voltage Ui. ⁇ for a brush, which according to FIG. 1, lower image is reduced by wear. In the unconsumed initial state, the sensor voltage UI, A is higher than in the used state according to
  • Transducer voltage UI, B This difference can be detected via the measuring device, wherein the warning signal is generated as soon as the
  • Transducer voltage drops below a threshold.
  • Fig. 3 a variant with a plurality, in particular three superposed, electrically conductive measuring members 6 is shown, each forming a condenser with the brush 1.
  • Each capacitor, consisting of brush 1 and one of the measuring elements 6, has a certain capacity, which, however, depends on the relative position of the brush 1 in the brush holder 2 and opposite each measuring element 6.
  • Excitation current as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the excitation voltage U er r is present as a rectangular PWM signal.
  • the voltages of the other measuring elements are designated U2 and U3.
  • the measuring element voltage Ui.A is provided with a high amplitude in the uncut initial state, whereas in the worn state of the brush 1, in which it has a shortened length, the measuring element voltage UI, B drops to zero.
  • the lower image, the brush 1 is shortened so far that there is no longer any overlap to the upper measuring element 6, so that, correspondingly, the electrical capacitance drops to zero and the measuring element voltage UI, B also lies at zero.
  • This complete drop to zero can be ascertained, as well as for the second measuring element with the measuring element voltage U2 and the third measuring element with the measuring element voltage U3.
  • a warning signal is generated, for example, as soon as the measuring element voltage I 1 or the measuring element voltage U 3 drops to zero.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 show different embodiments of the measuring element 6. All embodiments have in common that the measuring element 6 is completely integrated into the wall of the brush holder 2 and thus there is no contact with the brush 1 contact.
  • the measuring element 6 extends in the form of a plate only on one side of the brush holder 2 and faces the brush 1.
  • the measuring member 6 is formed angularly and is opposite to the measuring member 1 on two sides.
  • the measuring member 6 is U-shaped and is located on three sides of the brush 1 opposite.
  • the measuring member 6 is circumferentially rectangular in shape and completely surrounds the brush 1, so that the measuring member 6 is opposite to all sides of the brush 1.
  • a drive circuit 7 for generating an excitation voltage U err is shown in the brush.
  • the drive circuit 7 comprises a transistor 8, for example a MOSFET whose drain terminal 8a is connected to the voltage B + of a voltage source 9, whereas the source terminal 8b of the transistor via a brush with the positive terminal F + a Läuferer standing. Armature winding is connected.
  • the negative terminal F- of the armature winding is connected via another brush to the ground GND.
  • Armature winding is connected in the reverse direction of a freewheeling diode 10.
  • Transistor is driven by a clocked signal, via the
  • the drive circuit 7 can also be equipped with an H-bridge, which enables further functions in the exciter circuit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de surveillance d'usure d'un balai d'un dispositif de surveillance de courant dans une machine électrique comprend un élément de mesure qui est disposé à une certaine distance du balai et forme conjointement avec le balai un condensateur électrique dont la capacité dépend de la position relative par rapport à l'élément de mesure.
EP17800716.7A 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Dispositif de surveillance d'usure d'un balai d'un dispositif de surveillance de courant dans une machine électrique Withdrawn EP3533115A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016221226.5A DE102016221226A1 (de) 2016-10-27 2016-10-27 Verschleißüberwachungsvorrichtung einer Bürste einer Stromübertragungseinrichtung in einer elektrischen Maschine
PCT/EP2017/077580 WO2018078085A1 (fr) 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Dispositif de surveillance d'usure d'un balai d'un dispositif de surveillance de courant dans une machine électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3533115A1 true EP3533115A1 (fr) 2019-09-04

Family

ID=60387980

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17800716.7A Withdrawn EP3533115A1 (fr) 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Dispositif de surveillance d'usure d'un balai d'un dispositif de surveillance de courant dans une machine électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20200182935A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3533115A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109891687A (fr)
DE (1) DE102016221226A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018078085A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114563041B (zh) * 2022-03-01 2023-08-08 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 一种工况监测方法、装置、电子终端、存储介质

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19755232B4 (de) 1997-12-12 2008-12-24 Continental Automotive Gmbh Kraftstoffpumpe
DE10257623B4 (de) * 2002-12-09 2008-07-24 Schleifring Und Apparatebau Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Länge von Bürsten in Schleifbahnanordnungen bzw. Kollektoren
DE10257621A1 (de) * 2002-12-09 2004-07-15 Schleifring Und Apparatebau Gmbh Justagevorrichtung für Schleifringbürsten
DE102005061412A1 (de) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung der Abnutzung einer Bürste
EP2112518A1 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-10-28 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Moniteur d'usure de brosse
JP6116159B2 (ja) * 2012-08-27 2017-04-19 キヤノン株式会社 スリップリング、スリップリング電気システム、及びロボット
DE102013204426A1 (de) 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Verschleißüberwachung einer Bürste eines Kommutierungssystems
CN203259141U (zh) * 2013-05-20 2013-10-30 机械工业第四设计研究院 一种电刷磨损检测装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109891687A (zh) 2019-06-14
WO2018078085A1 (fr) 2018-05-03
US20200182935A1 (en) 2020-06-11
DE102016221226A1 (de) 2018-05-03

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