EP3526848A1 - Brennstoffzellensystem und verfahren zum betrieb eines brennstoffzellensystems - Google Patents
Brennstoffzellensystem und verfahren zum betrieb eines brennstoffzellensystemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3526848A1 EP3526848A1 EP17788167.9A EP17788167A EP3526848A1 EP 3526848 A1 EP3526848 A1 EP 3526848A1 EP 17788167 A EP17788167 A EP 17788167A EP 3526848 A1 EP3526848 A1 EP 3526848A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- air
- cell module
- output voltage
- load
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 78
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel cell system having a plurality of fuel cell modules and to a method for operating such a fuel cell system.
- Fuel cells generate electrical energy from hydrogen and oxygen.
- Oxygen is usually supplied in the form of air (in particular ambient air), and hydrogen is supplied from a reservoir or generated locally, for example from methanol.
- the fuel cells are typically grouped together into one or more fuel cell stacks and together with numerous peripheral elements, such as fresh operating gas supply lines and cooling water, for exhausting and / or recirculating used operating gases and cooling water, sensors, valves, control devices, switches, heaters, etc ., Without the operation of the fuel cell would not be possible, a fuel cell module.
- Some of these components are provided with protective covers, housings or sheaths, and all components or at least most of the components are as compact as possible and housed together with the fuel cells in a housing.
- a power converter is connected between one or more fuel cell modules (which are interconnected, for example, to a fuel cell group) and the electrical load (such as an electrical load, such as an electric motor), on the one hand to the output voltage of the fuel cell or modules the load and on the other hand adjusts the load current according to load request and adjusts.
- a typical power converter which is connected between the fuel cell module and load, such as a DC-DC converter (so-called DC / DC converter), contains switching semiconductor elements, such as power transistors, corresponding to the provision of the respective output voltage and the respective load current the load request be controlled and switched load current.
- DC / DC converters are generally, depending on the application, relatively expensive and lossy in operation, whereby the operating costs are increased.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell module and a method for operating such a fuel cell system, in which savings in operating costs are made possible.
- the invention relates to a fuel cell system having at least one fuel cell module and to a method for operating such a fuel cell system according to the independent patent claims.
- Advantageous embodiments and further developments are specified in the dependent claims.
- the invention relates to a fuel cell system having at least one fuel cell module, which has a first and second electrical supply terminal, at which during operation of the fuel cell module an electrical output voltage is applied and which are configured to be coupled to an electrical load, an air supply device, which is connected to the at least one fuel cell module for supplying air in an adjustable amount of air to the fuel cell module as one of the reactants for generating the output voltage of the fuel cell module, and a controller connected to the at least one fuel cell module and to the air supply device for controlling an output power the at least one fuel cell module at the first and second electrical supply terminals and for adjusting the Heilm supplied from the air supply device close.
- the control device is set up to detect a load requirement of the load and, in order to control the output power of the at least one fuel cell module as a function of the detected load request, set and track the air quantity supplied by the air supply device as a function of the detected load request in a number of airways.
- the output power of the at least one fuel cell module is controlled as a function of the detected load requirement by setting and tracking the air quantity supplied by the air supply device as a function of the detected load request.
- the stoichiometry of the oxidant the oxygen contained in the air
- the regulation of the air ratio is within certain limits to set and track the output voltage and thus the performance of the fuel cell system without sustained damage to the fuel cell stack occur.
- the load can be connected directly to the fuel cell module, wherein the output power of the module is regulated by means of its air supply.
- the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system of the above type having at least one fuel cell module having a first and second electrical supply connection, in which during operation of the fuel cell module an electrical output voltage is applied and coupled to an electrical load are, the method comprising the following steps:
- control device is set up to control the output power of the at least one fuel cell module to adjust the air quantity supplied by the air supply device in an air-number-guided manner to a specific air ratio.
- control device is set up to set the air quantity supplied by the air supply device in an air-numbered manner with an air ratio between 1 and 2.
- amount of air supplied by the air supply device is adjusted in an air-numbered manner with an air ratio between 1, 5 and 2.
- output voltage of the at least one fuel cell module is adjusted in an air-number-guided manner in accordance with an air-frequency output voltage characteristic stored in a control device.
- a Lucasiere output voltage characteristic is stored in the control device, and the control device is adapted to set the output voltage of the at least one fuel cell module air-numb according to the air-fuel ratio-voltage characteristic.
- a first and a second air number output voltage characteristic are stored in the control device, and the control device is set up to adjust the output voltage of the at least one fuel cell module in an area between the first and the second air number output voltage characteristic.
- the first air number output voltage characteristic is indicative of a minimum allowed variation of the load request and the second air number output voltage characteristic of a maximum allowed variation of the load request.
- the control unit sets the air quantity supplied by the air supply device as a function of the detected load request only for load requirements greater than 10% of a maximum permissible load current of the at least one fuel cell module.
- the air supply device has an air compressor.
- control device described above and below can also be used analogously in the described method as respective method steps. All embodiments and examples described in this disclosure are analogously applicable to such an operating method.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a fuel cell system according to aspects of the invention.
- the fuel cell system 1 has at least one fuel cell module 10.
- the fuel cell system may also include a plurality of fuel cell modules interconnected.
- the fuel cell modules may be connected in parallel or serially, or in a combination of both, as well known to those skilled in the art.
- the fuel cell module 10 (in the case of a plurality of interconnected fuel cell modules, the fuel cell system 1) has a first electrical supply terminal 101 and a second electrical supply terminal 102, which are configured to be connected to an electrical load 2. In the connected state, as shown in the figure, is located at the supply terminals 101 and 102 of the fuel cell module 10, an output voltage U A to supply the load 2 with a load current l L on.
- the load 2 may generally include, for example, one or more electrical loads (such as electric motors), one or more power converters (such as a power supply or the like) associated with the load, and / or other electrical components of an electrical load circuit and is representative of electrical components operating on the consumption side are connected to the fuel cell module 10 for the decrease of a load current.
- electrical loads such as electric motors
- power converters such as a power supply or the like
- no power converter e.g., DC / DC converter
- the control device 30 and the air supply device 40 are provided between the load 2 and the at least one fuel cell module 10, which is arranged to adjust and track the output power of the at least one fuel cell module in response to a detected load request of the load 2.
- this is accomplished instead by the inventive cooperation of the control device 30 and the air supply device 40 with the fuel cell module 10, as described in more detail below.
- the control device 30 of the fuel cell system 1 serves to detect an operating state of the at least one fuel cell module 10 on the basis of a measured load current (output current) I L of the fuel cell module.
- the control device 30 is connected to the fuel cell module 10 for controlling the operation of the fuel cell module 10.
- the control device 30 is electrically connected via a control line 22 to the fuel cell module 10 and can this for the Be individually switched on in the fuel cell system 1, turn off or also individually control or regulate its electrical parameters, such as module output voltage, -ström and / or power output.
- the person skilled in the art can use control or regulating mechanisms in interaction between the control device 30 and the fuel cell module 10, which are well known in the prior art.
- the supply of the chemical reactants, such as hydrogen and air (oxygen) via the line 22 is set and controlled individually by the control device 30 for controlling the respective operating range (not shown in the figure).
- a measuring device can be provided, which is connected to the fuel cell module 10 and arranged to measure a load current of the fuel cell module 10.
- a measuring module (not shown) is provided in the control device 30, which can be realized in hardware or software, or in a combination thereof, which can measure the load current I L of the fuel cell module.
- the control device 30 contains, for example, a microprocessor which receives the respectively required parameters via an analog / digital interface and calculates the corresponding output variables.
- One or more parameters which are indicative of a load request (hence the requested load current) of the load 2 are transmitted via the line 23 to the control device 30.
- an air supply device 40 is provided, which is connected to the at least one fuel cell module 10 for supplying air 51 (here ambient air) in an adjustable amount of air to the fuel cell module 10.
- the air 51 serves to provide one of the reactants (here the oxidant oxygen 0 2nd ) of the fuel cells, which convert the chemical reaction energy of a continuously supplied fuel (here hydrogen) and an oxidant onsffens (oxygen) into electrical energy and thus generate the electrical output voltage U A of the fuel cell module 10.
- the air 51 is introduced via an inlet 41 into the air supply device 40, for example an air compressor.
- the air compressor 40 delivers the supplied air 51 through one or more fuel cell stacks where the contained oxygen reacts with hydrogen to produce the output voltage U A ZU in a chemical reaction.
- the air compressor 40 is connected to the control device 30 via the line 21 and controlled by the controller 30 so that the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell module 10 air 51 can be changed individually adjustable. This is done, as explained in more detail below, air-flow-guided, wherein the control device 30 with a corresponding measuring device (not shown) is connected to measure the prevailing in the fuel cell module 10 at the corresponding fuel cell stack air ratio.
- the stoichiometry of the oxidant oxygen is used to control the output power of the fuel cell 10 and to track the load request of the load 2.
- the control of the air ratio is within certain limits to reduce the output voltage and thus the performance of the fuel cell system without sustained damage to the fuel cell stack occur.
- a load-current-controlled DC / DC converter between the fuel cell module 10 and the load 2 is dispensed with, in that the load 2 is electrically connected directly to the fuel cell module 10 and the power of the fuel cell module is then regulated by means of its air supply.
- the operating point is changed on a stoichiometric output voltage characteristic stored in the control device 30.
- Stoichiometry is generally understood to mean the oversupply or undersupply of a reactant in a chemical reaction. It is 1, 0 when so much reactant is supplied as needed in the ratio of the chemical reaction. There is therefore an H2 stoichiometry and an O 2 stoichiometry for fuel cells. For reactors that work with atmospheric oxygen (as well as a car), the latter is also called "air ratio" ( ⁇ ) (lambda).
- one or more air-fuel cell output voltage characteristics 13, 14 are stored in the control device 30, wherein the output voltage U A of the fuel cell module 10 is adjusted in accordance with the air number according to ⁇ in accordance with the corresponding air number-output voltage characteristic ,
- a first and a second air number output voltage characteristics 13 and 14 are stored.
- the first air number output voltage characteristic 13 is indicative of a minimum allowed variation of the load request and the second air number output voltage characteristic 14 of a maximum allowed variation of the load request.
- the figure shows a relative fuel cell output voltage U R as a function of the air ratio ⁇ .
- Range 1 1 indicates the extended operating range with relative output power changes of approximately 60% to 90% of rated power.
- ⁇ By setting an air ratio ⁇ between 1, 0 and 1.5, the output voltage and thus the output power of the fuel cell module can be adjusted in terms of air-flow in this operating range.
- Region 12 identifies an operating range with relative output power changes of about 10% to 15% of rated power.
- By setting an air ratio ⁇ between 1, 5 and 2.0 the output voltage and thus the output power of the fuel cell module can be adjusted in terms of air-flow in this operating range.
- an area 18 of approximately 10% to 100% of the output power of the fuel cell module 10 can thus be covered by an air-fed supply of air 51.
- the control device 30 adjusts the output voltage U A of the fuel cell module 10 in an air-flow-guided manner in a working region 15 between the first and the second air ratio output voltage characteristics 13, 14.
- an operating point 16 is set within this range 15.
- the span 17 denotes a range of an allowable load requirement with an air ratio ⁇ of 1.0.
- a power control via the air supply takes place advantageously instead of via a power-electronic component. like a DC / DC converter, which can thus be saved, which significantly reduces operating costs. Adjusted is the control of the air compressor 40 and thus the amount of air that is passed through the fuel cell module 10.
- the prerequisite is that the acceptable range in terms of operating voltage of the load 2 directly corresponds to the range of supply voltage of the fuel cell module 10, since not only the regulation of the power requirement by a no longer present DC / DC converter is eliminated, but also the adjustment of the output voltage of the fuel cell module to the permissible operating voltage of the consumer.
- the present invention is particularly applicable in applications where the voltage levels of the fuel cell module and the load / load match over the load range.
- a maximum allowable load current is generally determined, which depends on the area-specific current density (exact values are design and operational management-dependent). However, there is also a lower limit below which the fuel cell leaves its design range for the reaction management. This is about 10% of the maximum allowable load current in the current state of the art and is the reason for the appropriate restriction described above.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016119323.2A DE102016119323A1 (de) | 2016-10-11 | 2016-10-11 | Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
PCT/EP2017/075823 WO2018069327A1 (de) | 2016-10-11 | 2017-10-10 | Brennstoffzellensystem und verfahren zum betrieb eines brennstoffzellensystems |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3526848A1 true EP3526848A1 (de) | 2019-08-21 |
Family
ID=60164669
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17788167.9A Pending EP3526848A1 (de) | 2016-10-11 | 2017-10-10 | Brennstoffzellensystem und verfahren zum betrieb eines brennstoffzellensystems |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11417898B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3526848A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7126495B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102337634B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN109845010B (de) |
CA (1) | CA3037250C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016119323A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018069327A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI735046B (zh) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-08-01 | 台灣聯合氫能股份有限公司 | 燃料電池複合動力控制方法及其系統 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5771476A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1998-06-23 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Power control system for a fuel cell powered vehicle |
JP2000208161A (ja) | 1999-01-14 | 2000-07-28 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池の運転方法及び運転装置 |
JP2004096835A (ja) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-25 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池車両の制御装置 |
US20040096709A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-05-20 | Darling Robert M. | Fuel cell system with a dry cathode feed |
JP4734821B2 (ja) | 2003-03-05 | 2011-07-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池制御システム |
US8927168B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2015-01-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system control during low efficiency operation |
EP2485310B1 (de) | 2009-09-28 | 2017-07-19 | Kyocera Corporation | Brennstoffzellenelement |
JP5625469B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-06 | 2014-11-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5825839B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-12 | 2015-12-02 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
KR101417345B1 (ko) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-07-08 | 기아자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 시스템의 제어 방법 |
KR101745195B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지시스템의 출력을 제어하는 방법 |
-
2016
- 2016-10-11 DE DE102016119323.2A patent/DE102016119323A1/de active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-10-10 JP JP2019515657A patent/JP7126495B2/ja active Active
- 2017-10-10 EP EP17788167.9A patent/EP3526848A1/de active Pending
- 2017-10-10 CN CN201780063113.8A patent/CN109845010B/zh active Active
- 2017-10-10 WO PCT/EP2017/075823 patent/WO2018069327A1/de unknown
- 2017-10-10 KR KR1020197010415A patent/KR102337634B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-10-10 CA CA3037250A patent/CA3037250C/en active Active
- 2017-10-10 US US16/339,317 patent/US11417898B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109845010A (zh) | 2019-06-04 |
US11417898B2 (en) | 2022-08-16 |
JP2019530171A (ja) | 2019-10-17 |
KR20190061012A (ko) | 2019-06-04 |
CA3037250C (en) | 2024-02-20 |
KR102337634B1 (ko) | 2021-12-09 |
CA3037250A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
CN109845010B (zh) | 2022-11-04 |
JP7126495B2 (ja) | 2022-08-26 |
WO2018069327A1 (de) | 2018-04-19 |
US20200044265A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
DE102016119323A1 (de) | 2018-04-12 |
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