EP3521514B1

EP3521514B1 - Permanent prefabricated braced wall

Info

Publication number: EP3521514B1
Application number: EP19154762.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Miroslav Florek
Original assignee: Ppzs SRO
Current assignee: Ppzs SRO
Priority date: 2018-02-05
Filing date: 2019-01-31
Publication date: 2021-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-31
Also published as: EP3521514A1; CZ307831B6; CZ201857A3

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention pertains to the building industry, namely, the permanent prefabricated braced wall.

Background of the Invention

Braced walls are used especially as a substitute for the existing retaining and breast walls, as support structures of the road infrastructure, as head wall supports, as tunnel faces as well as a permanent foundation pit bracing that is also used for making the structure of the underground building envelope or for water management structures.
Braced sheeting is very frequently used for its easy and quick installation and low costs. Most often, lagging boards are made of wood, reinforced concrete or metal while the braces are formed by steel sections or reinforced concrete. Braces are vertically driven in or embedded in boreholes where they are fixed using a lean concrete. To stabilize excavation walls, the wooden lagging boards are tightened using the wooden flat keys or the space between the reverse side of lagging boards and the excavation wall is filled up with an activating backfill. In some cases, the excavation wall is stabilized using a concrete layer sprayed between the reverse side of the braced wall and the excavation wall. Prefabricated diaphragm walls for greater heights are also known. Here, prefabricated boards of a height equal to that of the future braced wall are inserted in deep trenches next to each other to form a braced wall. Vertical joints between individual prefabricated boards are waterproof.
The patent specifications US 3342033 (Layne Texas Company INC; 19.09.67) and US 4804299 (United International, 14.02.89) are concerned with the known prefabricated walls made up by vertical braces with horizontally placed lagging boards in the form of concrete panels and concrete braces. The joint between braces and rectangular panels is secured in such a way that the entire front side of the panel fits into the groove made in the brace always with a sufficient side clearance - due to inaccuracies of manufactured panels and braces. It is difficult to seal this clearance. What is more, it is dangerous and laborious to insert the seal during the installation. The patent specification US 3342033 deals with sealing of the panel with the brace from above by placing a water permeable bag in this vertical joint, which will be filled with a liquid cement mixture after the wall is installed. Water will be allowed to pass out of the bag while the cement will gradually solidify. As a result, the joint will become not only sealed but also permanent. The drawback of this solution is a laborious cement application into the bag and the high consumption of the sealing material. In the patent specification US 4804299 , vertical sealing of the joint between the panel and the column is done using the fixed seal installed in the column groove prior to the wall installation and by inserting the panel, which proves to be not only impractical and dangerous but, in some hard-to-reach spots under the terrain, often infeasible.
The system of wall anchorage in the braced-up slope using the netting is also well-known, but in this case, the slope to be braced up needs to be made artificially since this retaining system fails to enable another option, because the current methods of the anchorage used expect that spread struts (of a netting type) are placed in horizontal layers of the slope.
The patent specifications US 2003223824 (Jordan Bradley, 04.12.2003) and US 3193255 (Burdett Harold; 06.07.1965) have made it clear that the grooves in braces may be of a trapezoidal cross-section as well. Also the solutions in which the brace footing is of a full shape with a cavity and the brace is of a column shape with a point fitting in the concrete footing cavity are known.
The disadvantage of the already known solutions employing any form of the watertight or acoustic sealing, not counting the patent document US 3342033 , in which the seal is applied by means of grouting with a cement mixture to create a permanent joint, is the fact that the seal is inserted before individual components of braced walls are put together in the manufacturing process. The seal is inserted in the brace (column) groove which is created with a sufficient dimensional overlap, i.e. the groove width is always considerably greater than the panel (board) thickness. After the braces are installed in the subsoil or fastened onto the footings, the longitudinal panels will be installed. As a result of a high weight of panels, this installation is mostly carried out using a crane. The installation is coordinated by a slinger. Handling of a heavy panel and its accurate positioning in the prepared groove are not easy and there is a risk of not only the slinger's injury, but especially the seal damage, i.e. the seal may remove, break or shift, which will lead to reducing its sealing effect. To minimize the possibility of damage, the work carried out by the crane operator and the slinger must be careful and, therefore, slow, which prolongs the installation of the braced wall, making it more expensive.
The drawback of the known solutions is as follows: If there is a cavity for the seal, it is not closed. Any clearance in the horizontal position of panels or braces or their dimensions entails opening of this cavity, which leads to the necessity of using only the solid seal to be applied prior to the installation. Nevertheless, the assembly and production clearances are necessary in making and assembly of braced walls and their components. In designing, we must reckon with the assembly clearance to avoid crossing of the structure and to prevent the panels from getting jammed and stuck during the assembly. The structure must also be able to compensate movements of the subsoil in the order of centimetres, which are caused by the soil pressure when the braces bend and change their shape.
Another drawback is the fact that the seal forms a direct intermediate layer between the panels and the brace and is strained due to the high force of gravity, which may damage the seal again in case of the rock displacement, random vibrations or other common earth processes. The seal may also be damaged as a result of concrete crumbling, as many known solutions are based on the possibility and the principle of misalignment of panels where the forces are transferred between the panel and the brace in the so-called edge effect, i.e. they are not transferred in a larger contact surface but only via the narrow contact edge. The presence of moisture and acidic or alkaline substances in the subsoil always causes gradual ageing of concrete and its degradation and disintegration. The greater force is applied on the concrete particles being degraded (i.e. the greater the surface force is), the faster the ageing process develops.
Another setback of existing solutions is the fact that the installed solid seal may hardly secure a full tightness of the portions situated in corners, i.e. that the seal placed between the panels will precisely abut against the seal placed between the panels and braces.
The invention is aimed to remedy deficiencies of the so-far known braced walls and to seal them against water, noise and dust.

Summary of the Invention

The permanent braced wall according to the invention is defined by claim 1 and consists of a number of vertical braces which are, in some applications, fastened using anchors on the wall's reverse side to the terrain, while in other applications they may only be driven into the soil or set in concrete in the soil. In the space between braces, there are vertical bays of lagging boards which fit into the recess created in braces.
The braced wall according to the invention comprises i.a. the following features : Braces and lagging panels are prefabricated units made of cast concrete. Lagging panels are of a rectangular shape the height of which is greater than one fifth of its width. They are positioned in recesses of braces with a side clearance and allowed to shift in the vertical direction. Vertical brace-to-lagging panel joints are equipped with a vertical watertight seal while horizontal joints of lagging panels have horizontal watertight seals. The seals in corners of lagging panels contact. Lagging panels may be slid into recesses in braces from above. The watertight seal which may be included in individual components or may be applied during the construction process will completely seal the braced wall against the ingress of water.
In the vertical joint of the brace and the lagging panel, there is a sealing cavity of the vertical joint formed for the vertical watertight seal. This cavity is enclosed by at least two vertical joint bearing surfaces by which the brace and the lagging panel rest upon each other and which make an angle in the range between 0 and 45 degrees with the wall plane, and by at least two delimiting surfaces of the vertical joint, which are formed by the end surfaces of the brace and the lagging panel and which make an angle greater than 45 degrees with the wall plane. The side clearance in the area of the sealing cavity of the vertical joint is greater than the side clearance in other portions of bedding of the lagging panel in the recess of the brace.
The sealing cavity makes it possible to apply the vertical watertight seal from above after all lagging panels are installed. The higher side clearance in the sealing cavity area ensures that the sealing cavity of the vertical joint will always be automatically formed between the brace and the lagging panel when the panel is slid into the brace recess whether or not the lagging panel is pushed tight to the brace.
In the advantageous embodiment, the sealing cavity of the horizontal joint is formed for the horizontal watertight seal in the horizontal joint of lagging panels. This cavity is enclosed by at least two horizontal joint bearing surfaces by which the lagging panels rest upon each other and which form an angle in the range between 0 and 45 degrees with the plane of the lagging panel, and by at least two delimiting surfaces of the horizontal joint, which are formed by the end surfaces of lagging panels and which make an angle greater than 45 degrees with the plane of lagging panels. The vertical clearance in the area of the sealing cavity of the horizontal joint is greater than the vertical clearance in other portions of the horizontal joint of lagging panels.
Bearing surfaces between the brace and the lagging panel are oriented in one direction, either in the wall plane or at an angle less than 45 degrees against the wall, so as not to increase friction when lagging panels are being inserted. Bearing surfaces are pushed to each other by the activating backfill pressure and, as a result, the sealing cavity is always closed.
Vertical joint between the brace and the lagging panel is created in such a way that each recess in the brace is formed by a vertical recess and an adjacent vertical recess of the brace, and each vertical side of the lagging panel has a vertical tongue which fits in the vertical recess of the brace and the adjacent vertical recess of the lagging panel which fits in the adjacent vertical recess of the brace. Bearing surfaces of the vertical joint are in parallel with the wall plane and are formed by side surfaces of the vertical recess, the vertical tongue and adjacent vertical recesses. Delimiting surfaces of the vertical joint are formed by the front surfaces of adjacent vertical recesses; the front surfaces are perpendicular to the wall plane.
Another advantageous embodiment is with a horizontal joint of lagging panels that is formed by a horizontal groove and a horizontal tongue. Bearing surfaces of the horizontal joint are formed by side surfaces of the horizontal groove and the horizontal tongue and delimiting surfaces of the horizontal joint are formed by front surfaces of the horizontal groove and the horizontal tongue.
The horizontal groove and the horizontal tongue are of an apt trapezoidal cross-section and the horizontal tongue height is lower than the horizontal groove depth. As a result, the horizontal joint of lagging panels is self-locking.
Benefits of the solution based on the invention lie especially in the fact that, unlike steel braces and wooden lagging elements, concrete braces and lagging panels have a much longer service life. They can be installed gradually in the process of digging a foundation pit without high demands on the working area and heavy machinery. Thanks to the concrete structure and area-covering waterproofing, they may be aptly used as a face of the underground building as well.
In an advantageous embodiment, the brace is, basically, of a quadrangular cross-section and the recesses in the brace are made on both of its vertical sides in an opposite manner while adjacent vertical recesses of the brace protrude on the face of the brace. The benefit of this arrangement is that the face of the permanent prefabricated braced wall may, basically, remain without any other finishing treatment.
The next advantageous embodiment is based on the vertical watertight seal embedded between the vertical half-groove of the brace and the vertical half-groove of the lagging panel in the central area of the brace and the lagging panel. In this case, faces of braces and lagging panels are aligned and the marginal parts of their adjacent vertical recesses have the bevels, which form a vertical face groove. This solution improves the visual quality of the wall face, as the vertical face grooves may be filled with a jointing compound that will form a monolithic surface of the wall together with faces of lagging panels and braces.
It is also useful when horizontal contact edges on lagging panels abutting against one another in one wall bay have the bevels, which form the horizontal face groove that may also be filled up with a jointing compound to create a monolithic face surface of the wall.
The other advantageous embodiment of the invention is represented by the bottom lagging panel that is, over the whole width of its bottom edge, shaped into a form of the cutting edge. If braces are installed in boreholes in the terrain before digging of a foundation pit starts, it is possible to gradually excavate soil below the bottom lagging panel during the foundation pit digging. In this case the cutting edge will allow cutting-out under the lagging board using the digger bucket and will also cut in the soil residues while moving to the lower position due to the weight of top lagging panels. The cutting edge will have the same function in case of replacing the existing retaining walls.
The other advantageous embodiment of the invention is represented by a bottom lagging panel that is, over the whole width of its bottom edge, equipped with toothing created on the reverse side of the cutting edge. On the reverse side of the wall, toothing will create a space for an activating backfill.
Since a precise installation of braces in a parallel manner while maintaining an accurate distance between them is required for a proper function of the wall, especially during continuous securing of a working pit, it is useful when recesses in at least one brace do not reach up to its base, and the brace footing is of a full cross-section and has an axial mounting cavity on the side of its base. The tip of the setting pin installed in the concrete footing under the brace footing aptly fits into an axial mounting cavity. The setting pin will be installed in the footing's concrete at the borehole bottom before braces are inserted into boreholes. Setting pins will be precisely located and, after that, braces will be installed on these precisely positioned setting pins.
Main benefits of the permanent prefabricated braced wall according to this invention include especially the possibility of underpinning any terrain elevation, possible execution in a very restrained working area, minimizing the earth works, high speed of installation, cost saving, possibility of a waterproof version, minimum service life of 100 years, a long-term and high aesthetic value and value in use, a possibility of a design tailored to the client or professional graphic designer's requirements, etc.
The replacement of existing retaining and breast walls using the wall according to the invention does not require earth works to be carried out behind the reverse side of the wall. The new wall may be installed within or even beyond the plan view of the existing support structure while leaving a necessary four-metre working zone in front of the face of the new wall being installed. Requirements for access roads to the construction site are minimum (the clearance width of 2 metres is sufficient).
Vertical or inclined supporting structures of roads, head wall supports and tunnel faces may be installed under any weather conditions, with possibility of a watertight design of a high environmental quality.
In case of the permanent foundation pit bracing, the wall is installed as a featured waterproof structure of the future basement without necessity of other structural layers and finishing treatment on its face, with a possibility of bearing circumferential parts of underground ceilings and/or a circumferential structure of the above-ground part of the building and thinning of the underground building envelope by 70 % as compared to the systems with common braced walls.
Another benefit is that the permanent prefabricated wall according to the invention may be mounted even below the groundwater or surface water level and, hence, there is no need to keep the construction site dry. The permanent prefabricated wall may be, therefore, aptly used as a final frame for water-management objects, streambeds and artificial water channels, pond dikes, flood barriers, etc., without the need for erecting a temporary waterproof sheet pile wall around the construction site and pumping water out of it, which will substantially reduce costs of the building process and accelerate construction works.
Another benefit of this solution is that the braces may be installed and the panels may be made with a clearance in the order of centimetres. Despite this fact, the cavity for the seal will remain enclosed by bearing surfaces. Nevertheless, the assembly and production clearances are necessary in manufacturing and assembly of braced walls and their components. In designing, we must reckon with the assembly clearance to avoid crossing of the structure and to prevent the panels from getting jammed and stuck during the assembly. The structure must also be able to compensate movements of the subsoil in the order of centimetres due to the soil pressure when the braces bend and change their shape.

Explanation of drawings

The invention will be clarified in more detail using the drawings showing the following figures:

Fig. No. 1 is a perspective view of the portion of the permanent prefabricated braced wall consisting of three braces with anchors and three bays of lagging panels,
Fig. No. 2 is a vertical cross-section of two lagging panels placed above one another,
Fig. No. 3 is a horizontal cross-section of bedding of the lagging panel in the recess of the brace,
Fig. No. 4 is a view of the setting pin,
Fig. No. 5 is a view of the concrete footing,
Fig. No. 6 is a view of the setting pin and concrete footing assembly,
Fig. No. 7 is a perspective view of the brace,
Fig. No. 8 is a perspective view of the portion of the permanent prefabricated braced wall, consisting of two braces and one bay of lagging panels, including a partial cross-section which shows mounting of the brace footing on the setting pin,
Fig. No. 9 is a cross-section of an example of the vertical joint formed by the vertical recess and the adjacent vertical recess, with the aligned side to be left without a finishing treatment,
Fig. No. 10 is a cross-section of an example of the vertical joint formed by the groove and tongue, with the aligned side to be left without a finishing treatment (this embodiment does not form part of the invention)
Fig. No. 11 is a cross-section of an example of the vertical joint where the face of the brace protrudes from the face of the wall.

Examples of the invention embodiments

Based on the drawings attached, the permanent prefabricated braced wall 1 consists of prefabricated concrete braces 2 and prefabricated concrete lagging panels 3, 3 '. Braces 2 and lagging panels 3, 3 ' are precisely prefabricated parts made of a cast concrete. Braces 2 have pre-cast holes 25 for anchors 4, the ends of which will be secured in holes 25 using washers 26 and nuts 27. In other design examples, however, anchors 4 need not be used at all and braces 2 may be driven into the soil or set in concrete in the soil only. Braces 2 are, basically, concrete prisms the vertical opposite walls of which include recesses in which lagging panels 3, 3 ' will be placed in the superimposed vertical bays. These are of a rectangular shape. To their height h and width l, the following relation applies: h > 1/5 1. In one example of the wall design shown in Figures No. 1 through 8, vertical sides of lagging panels 3, 3' are equipped with a vertical tongue 7 and an adjacent vertical recess 8 of the lagging panel 3, 3'. Recesses in braces 2 have a vertical recess 5 and an adjacent vertical recess 8 of the brace 2. When sliding the lagging panel 3,3' from above into the recess between two braces 2, the vertical tongue 7 of the lagging panel 3, 3' will be inserted into the vertical recess 5 of the brace 2 and adjacent vertical recesses 6, 8 will interlock. For easier sliding, the vertical recess 5 has a leading edge 13 and the vertical tongue 7 has a bevel 14. Between the brace 2 and the lagging panel 3, 3 ', there is a side clearance t enabling the shift of lagging panels 3, 3' in braces 2. Between adjacent vertical recesses 6, 8, there is a sealing cavity 30 of the vertical joint and is delimited by two bearing surfaces 28, 29 from its side. Bearing surfaces are formed by side surfaces of the vertical recess 5 , vertical tongue 7 and adjacent vertical recesses 6, 8 , which are in parallel with the plane of the wall 1. The sealing cavity 30 of the vertical joint is also enclosed by two delimiting surfaces 34, 35 of the vertical joint, which are formed by the end surfaces of the brace 2 and the lagging panel 3, 3'. Delimiting surfaces 34, 35 and the plane of the wall 1 form an angle of 90 degrees. The side clearance t in the sealing cavity 30 is greater than the side clearance in other portions of the vertical joint. The sealing cavity 30 holds the vertical watertight seal 9 that is formed by, for example, liquid rubber and is applied into all sealing cavities 30 at the same time after all lagging panels 3, 3 ' are installed in one bay of the wall 1. Horizontal joints between lagging panels 3, 3' in one bay are sealed in such a way that the bottom edge of one lagging panel 3 has a deeper horizontal trapezoidal groove 10 into which the shallower horizontal trapezoidal tongue 11 of another lagging panel 3 fits. As a result, this forms a sealing cavity 33 of the horizontal joint between the tongue 11 and the groove 10. In this cavity 33 the horizontal watertight seal 12 is placed. This seal 12 is formed by a permanently flexible jointing compound. The sealing cavity 33 of the horizontal joint is delimited by two bearing surfaces 31, 32 of the horizontal joint, which are formed by the side surfaces of the horizontal groove 10 and the horizontal tongue 11. The sealing cavity is also enclosed by two delimiting surfaces 36, 37 of the horizontal joint, which are formed in corners of lagging panels 3, 3' -where sealing cavities 30, 33 and watertight seals 9, 12 placed in them contact. As a result, except for the bottom edge of the lagging panel 3', all lagging panels 3 are perfectly sealed around the entire perimeter, including the contact point with braces 2. Dimensions and the position of placing of lagging panels 3, 3' in braces 2 are chosen in such a way that margins of adjacent vertical recesses 6, 8 follow-up on the face of braces 2 and lagging panels 3, 3 ', and that the faces of braces 2 and lagging panels 3 , 3 ' are aligned. This way, the face of the wall 1 is formed and may, without any other finishing treatment, serve as an interior wall of the future underground building, such as a garage. For a better appearance of the face, vertical margins of braces 2 and lagging panels 3, 3' have the bevels 16, which form the vertical face groove 15. Also horizontal contact edges of lagging panels 3, 3 ' abutting against one another in one bay of the wall 1 have the bevels 18, which form the horizontal face groove 17. The vertical face groove 15 and the horizontal face groove 18 may be filled with a jointing compound so that the visible side of the wallb 1 is perfectly even and could be painted or otherwise surface finished. Figure No. 11 shows another example of the design of the wall 1 where the braces 2 are featured and not aligned with the front side of lagging panels 3, 3'. Figures No. 9 and No. 10 show other possible examples of the designed shapes of the recess and the vertical joint between the brace 2 and the logging panel 3, 3'. The embodiment of Fig. 10 does not form part of the invention.
The bottom lagging panel 3 ' is shaped otherwise than other lagging panels 3. Its bottom edge is formed by the driving, supporting and sealing cutting edge 19. The cutting edge 19 helps in gradual soil excavation where the digger bucket gets up to a rear position between two braces 2 and where the bottom lagging panel 3 ' that is pushed down from above by the weight of other gradually inserted lagging panels 3 is pushed lower and lower as a result of gravity. This makes it possible to gradually reinforce walls of the foundation pit when it is being deepened. In such a case, braces 2 will be pre-installed in not shown boreholes and the lagging panels 3, 3 ' will be gradually installed between braces 2 from above and shifted as a result of gravity as the soil is being excavated or the existing structures are being pulled down under lagging panels 3, 3 ' As shown in Figure No. 1, the reverse side of the cutting edge 19 is equipped with the toothing 20 enabling the user to create the distance behind the rear side of the wall 1 for placing the activating backfill, such as sand or bentonite.
In case of permanent bracing of the foundation pit, the not shown boreholes will be done first and the concrete will be poured at the borehole bottoms afterwards to form the concrete footing 24. Using the not shown setting rope, the setting pin 23 will be immediately installed in the concrete footing in such a way that its tip 22 protrudes vertically upwards. Mutual positions of tips 22 of setting pins 23 in adjacent boreholes shall be precisely measured to ensure their equal spacing. After hardening, braces 2 will be placed in boreholes and centred on the tips 22 of setting pins 23. To this end, axial mounting cavities 21 are created in full footing of braces 2. Following that, the first row of anchors 4 will be installed and attached in top pre-cast holes 25 and the soil excavation or pulling down of existing structures between braces 2 will start. At first, bottom lagging panels 3 ' and, then, other lagging panels 3 will be slid between braces 2. Other anchors 4 will be gradually installed. The soil will be continuously excavated and the original structures will be demolished below the bottom lagging panels 3', or more precisely, their cutting edges 19. In the course of sliding panels 3, 3 ' or after the completion of the wall 1, the rear side will be activated by the backfill. Following the completion, the face may get a finishing treatment.
In case of replacing the existing retaining walls in the not shown example of the design, holes for braces 2 will be made first and the braces 2 will be installed. Whereas the footing of braces 2 is accessible, neither boreholes nor setting pins 23 are needed here. Anchors 4 will be installed on braces 2 so that braces 2 are attached to the ground. The original retaining wall in bays between braces 2 will be gradually demolished from top to bottom and the lagging panels 3, 3 ' will be gradually slid between braces 2 from above. In the course of sliding panels or after the completion of the wall 1, the rear side will be activated by the backfill. Following the completion, the face may get a finishing treatment.
As the permanent prefabricated braced wall 1 according to the invention may be, in the not shown example of the design, installed even below the groundwater or surface water level, there is no need to keep the construction site dry. The permanent prefabricated braced wall 1 may be, therefore, aptly used as a final frame of water-management objects, streambeds and artificial water channels, pond dikes, flood barriers, etc., without the need for erecting a temporary waterproof sheet pile wall around the construction site and pumping the water out of the construction site, which will substantially reduce costs of the building process and accelerate construction works. Anchors 4 are not generally used in this case.

Industrial Applicability

The permanent prefabricated braced wall according to the invention may be used as a substitute for the existing retaining and breast walls, as support structures of the road infrastructure, as head wall supports, as tunnel faces as well as a permanent foundation pit bracing that may also be used as a final structure requiring no finishing treatment as well as the bearing structure of the future above-ground building envelope or for installation of horizontal structures of an underground building. The permanent prefabricated braced wall may also be used as a final frame for water-management objects, streambeds and artificial water channels, pond dikes, flood barriers, etc.

Overview of the Positions Used in the Drawings

1: Permanent prefabricated braced wall
2: Brace
3: Lagging panel
3': Bottom lagging panel
4: Anchor
5: Vertical recess of the brace
6: Adjacent vertical recess of the brace
7: Vertical tongue of the lagging panel
8: Adjacent vertical recess of the lagging panel
9: Vertical watertight seal
10: Horizontal groove of the lagging panel
11: Horizontal tongue of the lagging panel
12: Horizontal watertight seal
13: Leading edge of the vertical groove of the brace
14: Bevel of the vertical tongue of the lagging panel
15: Vertical face groove
16: Bevel of the vertical face groove
17: Horizontal face groove
18: Bevel of the horizontal face groove
19: Cutting edge
20: Toothing
21: Mounting cavity
22: Setting pin tip
23: Setting pin
24: Concrete footing
25: Hole for the anchor
26: Washer
27: Nut
28: Bearing surface of the vertical joint
29: Bearing surface of the vertical joint
30: Sealing cavity of the vertical joint
31: Bearing surface of the horizontal joint
32: Bearing surface of the horizontal joint
33: Sealing cavity of the horizontal joint
34: Delimiting surface of the vertical joint
35: Delimiting surface of the vertical joint
36: Delimiting surface of the horizontal joint
37: Delimiting surface of the horizontal joint

h: lagging panel height
l: lagging panel width
s: side clearance of the vertical joint
t: side clearance in the area of the vertical joint sealing cavity
t: vertical clearance in the area of the horizontal joint sealing cavity
y: vertical clearance of the horizontal joint

Claims

A permanent prefabricated braced wall (1), comprising vertically arranged braces (2) and lagging panels (3, 3') placed between the braces (2) in recesses of the braces (2), in which the braces (2) and the lagging panels (3, 3') are precast concrete products, the lagging panels (3, 3') are of a rectangular shape, the height (h) of which is greater than one fifth of the rectangle's width (1), and are placed in the recesses of the braces (2) with a side clearance (s, t) and allowed to shift in a vertical direction, the vertical joints of the braces (2) and the lagging panels (3, 3') have a vertical watertight seal (9) and the horizontal joints of the lagging panels (3, 3') have a horizontal watertight seal (12) and the horizontal and vertical seals (9, 12) contact each other in the corners of the lagging panels (3, 3'), the vertical joint of the brace (2) and the lagging panel (3, 3') form a sealing cavity (30) of the vertical joint for the vertical watertight seal (9), the sealing cavity (30) is enclosed by at least two vertical joint bearing surfaces (28, 29) by which the brace (2) and the lagging panel (3, 3') rest upon each other and which make an angle in a range between 0 and 45 degrees with the plane of the braced wall (1), and by at least two delimiting surfaces (34, 35) of the vertical joint, which are formed by the end surfaces of the brace (2) and the lagging panel (3, 3') and which make an angle greater than 45 degrees with the plane of the braced wall (1), wherein the side clearance (t) in the area of the sealing cavity (30) of the vertical joint is greater than the side clearance (s) in other portions of the vertical joint where the lagging panel (3, 3') is bedding in the recess in the brace (2), wherein the vertical joint between the brace (2) and the lagging panel (3, 3') is created in such a way that each recess in the brace (2) is formed by a vertical recess (5) and an adjacent vertical recess (6) of the brace (2), wherein the vertical recess (5) is deeper than the adjacent vertical recess (6), so that said recesses (5, 6) form together a step-shape, and each vertical side of the lagging panel (3,3') has a vertical tongue (7), which fits into the vertical recess (5) of the brace (2), and an adjacent vertical recess (8) of the lagging panel (3, 3'), which fits into the adjacent vertical recess (6) of the brace (2), wherein the vertical tongue (7) and the adjacent vertical recess (8) form together a step-shape, wherein bearing surfaces (28, 29) of the vertical joint are in parallel with the plane of the wall (1) and are formed by the side surfaces of the vertical recess (5), the vertical tongue (7) 2. and the adjacent vertical recesses (6, 8), and delimiting surfaces (34, 35) of the vertical joint are formed by front surfaces of the adjacent vertical recesses (6, 8), the front surfaces being perpendicular to the plane of the wall (1).
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal joint of lagging panels (3, 3') forms a sealing cavity (33) of the horizontal joint for the horizontal watertight seal (12), the sealing cavity is enclosed by at least two horizontal joint bearing surfaces (31, 32) by which the lagging panels (3, 3') rest upon each other and which make an angle in range between 0 and 45 degrees with plane of the lagging panel (3, 3'), and by at least two delimiting surfaces (36, 37) of the horizontal joint, which are formed by end surfaces of the lagging panels (3, 3') and which make an angle greater than 45 degrees with plane of lagging panels, in which case a vertical clearance (x) in area of the sealing cavity (33) of the horizontal joint is greater than vertical clearance (y) in other portions of the horizontal joint of the lagging panels (3, 3').
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to claim 2, characterized in that the horizontal joint of lagging panels (3, 3') is formed by a horizontal groove (10) and a horizontal tongue (11), bearing surfaces (31, 32) of the horizontal joint are formed by side surfaces of the horizontal groove (10) and the horizontal tongue (11), and the delimiting surfaces (36, 37) of the horizontal joint are formed by front surfaces of the horizontal groove (10) and horizontal tongue (11).
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to claim 3, , characterized in that the horizontal groove (10) and the horizontal tongue (11) are of a trapezoidal cross-section, and a height of the horizontal tongue (11) is lower than a depth of the horizontal groove (10).
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that horizontal cross-section of the brace (2) is quadrangular and recesses in the brace (2) are made on both of its vertical sides in an opposite manner, and the adjacent vertical recesses (6) of the brace (2) protrude on face of the brace (2).
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the vertical watertight seal (9) is placed in the vertical joint sealing cavity (30) formed between the adjacent vertical recesses (6) of the brace (2) and the adjacent vertical recesses (8) of the lagging panel (3, 3') in the central area of the brace (2) and the lagging panel (3, 3'), in which case the faces of the braces (2) and the lagging panels (3, 3') are aligned and the marginal parts of their adjacent vertical recesses (6, 8) have a bevels (16), which form a vertical face groove (15).
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that horizontal contact edges of the lagging panels (3, 3') abutting against one another in one bay of the wall (1) have bevels (18), which form a horizontal face groove (17).
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the vertical face groove (15) and the horizontal face groove (18) are filled with a jointing compound.
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a bottom lagging panel (3') is, over whole width (1) of its bottom edge, shaped into a form of cutting edge (19).
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to claim 9, characterized in that the bottom lagging panel (3') has, over whole width (1) of its bottom edge, a toothing (20) created on the reverse side of the cutting edge (19).
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the recesses in at least one brace (2) do not reach up to its base and a footing of the brace (2) is of a full cross-section and has an axial mounting cavity (21) on side of its base.
Permanent prefabricated braced wall according to claim 11, characterized in that a tip (22) of setting pin (23) installed in concrete footing (24) under the footing of the brace (2) fits into the axial mounting cavity (21).