EP3520184A1 - Procede de test d'une bougie d'allumage a semi-conducteur - Google Patents
Procede de test d'une bougie d'allumage a semi-conducteurInfo
- Publication number
- EP3520184A1 EP3520184A1 EP17783944.6A EP17783944A EP3520184A1 EP 3520184 A1 EP3520184 A1 EP 3520184A1 EP 17783944 A EP17783944 A EP 17783944A EP 3520184 A1 EP3520184 A1 EP 3520184A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spark plug
- characteristic
- terminal
- test method
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/58—Testing
- H01T13/60—Testing of electrical properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/58—Testing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of semiconductor spark plugs equipping the turbomachines used for the propulsion of aircraft.
- the invention relates more particularly to a method for testing such a spark plug.
- candles comprising a central electrode, a ground electrode surrounding the central electrode, and an annular semiconductor element interposed between the two electrodes.
- the ground electrode is electrically and physically in contact with this semiconductor element while there is a small gap of a few tenths of a millimeter between the central electrode and the semiconductor element.
- the air present in the air gap then becomes ionized and thus contributes to the formation of an electric arc between the two electrodes. Due to the surface polarization of the semiconductor, the arc "adheres" to the semiconductor regardless of the surrounding pressure.
- Spark plugs of this type thus have the advantage of being able to be powered at relatively low voltages, typically of the order of 3 kV.
- the voltage required for the supply of such a candle is furthermore independent of the internal pressure of the combustion chamber.
- the invention aims in particular to provide a simple, economical and effective solution to this problem.
- a step of applying between the first terminal and the second terminal an electrical voltage equal to an operating voltage of the spark plug a step of identifying at least one characteristic of induced electric arcs between the electrodes during the application of the electric voltage, and
- the proposed method is thus to slam the spark plug in the presence of a small amount of water on his head. After intense research, the inventors have indeed realized that such a test is particularly effective in discriminating candles still functional defective candles. In addition, the use of water in the proposed test method has the advantage of not requiring special precautions to ensure the safety of operators and not to cause environmental pollution.
- the first characteristic is the number of electric arcs observed during a predetermined period of time during which the electrical voltage is applied.
- the first feature may be the dispersion or lack of dispersion of the meniscus of water after a predetermined time.
- the two types of characteristics above can be identified cumulatively and used to determine the operational or defective nature of the spark plug.
- the step of applying the voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal is preferably implemented by means of a turbomachine ignition box.
- the test method comprises a preliminary test step, implemented before the step of depositing water on the head of the spark plug, and consisting of:
- the preliminary test step makes it possible to detect the most defective spark plugs and to avoid the implementation of the subsequent steps of the test method for these spark plugs.
- the second characteristic is preferably the number of electric arcs observed during a predetermined period of time during which the electrical voltage is applied.
- the test method according to the invention finds a particularly advantageous application to the test of used spark plugs, but this method can also be used to test new spark plugs, for example at the output of the production line.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic axial section of a spark plug semiconductor
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of a test method applicable to the spark plug of FIG. 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
- Figures 3-5 illustrate a head of the spark plug, respectively during different stages of the process of Figure 2.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a semiconductor spark plug 10 of known type, generally comprising two terminals 12, 14, and a head 16 comprising two electrodes 18, 20 respectively connected to the two terminals 12, 14 and separated from each other. one of the other by a semiconductor element 22 for example semiconductor ceramic type.
- the spark plug comprises a hollow outer body 30 extending along an axis 32, a hollow intermediate body 34 extending along the axis 32, inside the outer body 30, and an inner body 36 in the general shape of a rod extending along the axis 32, inside the intermediate body 34.
- the semiconductor element 22 extends in the extension of the intermediate body 34 and in contact with the latter, at the inside the outer body 30 and around the inner body 36.
- the outer body 30 has a generally cylindrical portion 40 having a first end forming one of the electrodes 18, called the "ground electrode", a second end 42 forming one of the terminals 12, which is thus connected to the mass 18, and an annular plate 44 for supporting the candle. Candles of other types may alternatively comprise a thread or any other means for fixing the candle in an engine.
- the terminal 12 delimits externally the input of a connector of the spark plug.
- the inner body 36 has a first end forming the other electrode 20, called the "central electrode”, which is remotely surrounded by the ground electrode 18, and an opposite second end forming the other terminal 14, which is thus connected at the central electrode 20.
- the intermediate body 34 has a portion 50 in contact with the inner body 36, and a portion 52 arranged axially at and beyond the terminal 14 formed by the inner body 36 and having an enlarged inner diameter so as to provide space between this portion 52 and the terminal 14 and thereby delimit externally a bottom portion of the connector of the spark plug.
- the outer 30 and inner 36 bodies are made of an electrically conductive material capable of operating under high temperatures, such as a nickel base superalloy with low creep at high temperature.
- the intermediate body 34 is made of an electrically insulating material of ceramic type to guarantee the insulation between the electrodes 18 and 20.
- a discontinuous or variable voltage is applied to the terminals 12 and 14 of the spark plug so as to subject said terminals by intermittently at a voltage of a level sufficient to trigger an electric shock.
- the present invention provides a reliable test method for determining whether such a used spark plug is still operational or whether, on the other hand, the spark plug is to be discarded.
- test method according to the invention comprises in particular:
- step S 1 consisting in depositing water on the head 16 of the spark plug, between the two electrodes 18 and 20, so that the water forms a meniscus 58 covering the semiconductor element 22 (FIGS. )
- a step S2 consisting in applying between the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 14 an electrical voltage equal to an operating voltage of the spark plug 10, for example by means of a turbomachine ignition box 60 (shown in FIG. schematically in FIGS. 3-5),
- a step S4 consisting in determining the operational or defective nature of the spark plug 10 as a function of the first characteristic of the electric arcs 62.
- the operating voltage of the spark plug 10 is typically of amplitude equal to 3 kV.
- the water may be in the liquid state or in the frozen state, depending on the operating conditions to be simulated.
- the spark plug surmounted by the water meniscus is therefore placed in conditions allowing the freezing of water, prior to the implementation of step S2.
- the deposition of water on the head 16 of the candle in step S1 can be implemented manually by an operator, or by means of a controlled or automated device provided for this purpose.
- the first characteristic mentioned above is the number of electric arcs 62 observed during a predetermined period of time.
- Step S4 then consists in comparing this number with a theoretical number calculated as a function of the frequency of the voltage applied to the terminals 12, 14 of the candle and the duration of the lapse of time considered.
- the comparison between the number of electric arcs 62 observed and the theoretical number preferably consists simply of checking the absence of arcing failures during the predetermined period of time.
- the power of the electric arcs 62 is sufficient to disperse the water meniscus 58 in the first seconds of application of the electrical voltage (as schematically illustrated by the water droplets 64 in Figure 5). On the contrary, this power is generally insufficient to disperse the water meniscus 58 when the spark plug tested is unfit for service.
- the first characteristic of the electric arcs 62 identified during the aforesaid step S3 may be the dispersion or the absence of dispersion of the water meniscus 58 after a predetermined time.
- the amount of water deposited on the semiconductor element 22 typically represents the volume of two to three drops, and is more generally less than 1 cm 3 .
- the water may for example be deposited by means of a pipette, or by soaking the head 16 of the candle in a container containing water.
- the test method comprises a preliminary test step S0 (FIGS. 2 and 3) implemented before the step S1 of depositing water on the head 16.
- This step preliminary test S0 consists in: applying between the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 14 an electrical voltage equal to the operating voltage of the spark plug 10, the semiconductor element 22 being exposed to the air (under step SO-A),
- the test method is terminated and the spark plug is considered defective.
- the test method continues with the implementation of the steps S1 to S4.
- the second characteristic of the electric arcs 70 identified during the preliminary test step S0 is preferably of the same type as the first characteristic of the electric arcs 62 identified during the step S3.
- the prior test step S0 is similar to the sequence of steps S1-S4, except that the semiconductor element is exposed to air in the prior test step S0.
- the preliminary test step S0 thus provides a quick and easy way to detect the most defective spark plugs and to avoid the implementation of the subsequent steps of the test method for these spark plugs.
- the subsequent steps S1-S4 allow a finer discrimination between the operative spark plugs and the defective spark plugs, and thus make it possible to optimize the reliability of the test method.
- the use of water in the SI stage has the advantage of not requiring binding provisions to guarantee the safety of the operators implementing it.
- test method described above in its application to used spark plugs, can also find an application in the validation of non-used spark plugs before commercialization, that is to say before their first commissioning.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1659424A FR3057113B1 (fr) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | Procede de test d'une bougie d'allumage a semi-conducteur |
PCT/FR2017/052596 WO2018060592A1 (fr) | 2016-09-30 | 2017-09-27 | Procede de test d'une bougie d'allumage a semi-conducteur |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3520184A1 true EP3520184A1 (fr) | 2019-08-07 |
EP3520184B1 EP3520184B1 (fr) | 2020-07-29 |
Family
ID=57750151
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17783944.6A Active EP3520184B1 (fr) | 2016-09-30 | 2017-09-27 | Procede de test d'une bougie d'allumage a semi-conducteur |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10855058B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3520184B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3057113B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2018060592A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3238447A (en) * | 1961-08-15 | 1966-03-01 | Gen Motors Corp | Igniter plug with spark-sensing means |
US3376367A (en) * | 1965-08-16 | 1968-04-02 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of manufacturing a spark gap semiconductor |
JP4369963B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-22 | 2009-11-25 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ用絶縁体の検査方法 |
EP2159583A1 (fr) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-03 | ODERSUN Aktiengesellschaft | Système et procédé de localisation et de passivation des défauts dans un élément photovoltaïque |
JP5052588B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-05 | 2012-10-17 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
FR2960913B1 (fr) * | 2010-06-04 | 2012-07-13 | Snecma | Prechauffage d'une bougie d'allumage |
FR2980575B1 (fr) | 2011-09-26 | 2013-10-18 | Snecma | Procede de determination de zone de positionnement de bougie d'allumage de chambre de combustion et chambre de combustion associee |
FR3017255B1 (fr) | 2014-02-03 | 2017-10-13 | Snecma | Bougie d'allumage a semi-conducteur pour turbomachine d'aeronef, comprenant des ecopes d'evacuation d'eventuels reliquats de carburant |
US10120015B2 (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2018-11-06 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Method for inspecting insulator for spark plug |
-
2016
- 2016-09-30 FR FR1659424A patent/FR3057113B1/fr active Active
-
2017
- 2017-09-27 EP EP17783944.6A patent/EP3520184B1/fr active Active
- 2017-09-27 WO PCT/FR2017/052596 patent/WO2018060592A1/fr unknown
- 2017-09-27 US US16/337,514 patent/US10855058B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10855058B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
FR3057113B1 (fr) | 2018-12-07 |
FR3057113A1 (fr) | 2018-04-06 |
US20190229502A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
WO2018060592A1 (fr) | 2018-04-05 |
EP3520184B1 (fr) | 2020-07-29 |
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