EP3519645B1 - Concrete ceiling, kit for producing a concrete ceiling, and method for producing a concrete ceiling - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a concrete ceiling with a lower reinforcement grid and an upper reinforcement grid, between which a plurality of displacement bodies are arranged, wherein the lower and upper reinforcement grid and the displacement body are embedded in concrete, and each displacement body at least partially surrounds at least one channel, the one Establishes a connection between the concrete on the lower reinforcement grid and the concrete on the upper reinforcement grid, a kit for the production of a concrete ceiling and a method for the production of a concrete ceiling.

The DE 20 2006 002 540 U1 discloses a module for the production of concrete parts in which a large number of spherical displacement bodies are arranged in a captive manner in a latticework of bars. This allows the spherical displacement bodies to reduce the weight of the ceiling structure when the concrete is then poured. The introduction of the displacement bodies into the lattice work and the production of such a lattice work are comparatively complex. In addition, the distance between the displacement bodies can vary, which makes it difficult to calculate the load-bearing capacity.

The US 2013/0036693 discloses a donut-shaped displacement body which has a channel in the central region which is filled when concrete is poured. This creates a connection between the bottom and top of a concrete ceiling. The displacement bodies are, however, arranged at a distance from one another, so that struts are also provided between the displacement bodies for connecting the lower side to the upper side. In order to provide a defined distance between the displacement bodies, reinforcement elements must be installed that are connected to the displacement bodies. The assembly of such reinforcement grids for spacing the displacement bodies is comparatively complex.

The WO 2015/182817 A1 shows a concrete ceiling according to the preamble of claim 1. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a concrete ceiling, a kit for producing a concrete ceiling and a method for producing a concrete ceiling, which allow simple production of the concrete ceiling and enable a comparatively precise calculation of the load-bearing capacity of the concrete ceiling.

This object is achieved with a concrete ceiling with the features of claim 1, a kit with the features of claim 11 and a method for producing a concrete ceiling with the features of claim 12.

In the concrete ceiling according to the invention, a multiplicity of displacement bodies are arranged between an upper and a lower reinforcement grid, the displacement bodies in a central area of the concrete ceiling in at least three areas resting against one another. As a result, the displacement bodies are positioned directly next to one another during assembly, and it is not necessary to provide additional positioning means between the displacement bodies. The connection between the concrete in the area of the lower reinforcement grid to the concrete in the area of the upper reinforcement grid is established at least via the channel which is formed on or in each displacement body. The channel can be completely surrounded by a single displacement body or by several displacement bodies, each displacement body then forming part of a channel wall. Since the size of the channel in the displacement body or bodies is predetermined, it can be predetermined with comparative precision how many struts in the area of the displacement bodies run from bottom to top and what geometry they have. As a result, the load-bearing capacity of the concrete ceiling can be determined comparatively precisely in advance.

No additional spacer is provided between adjacent displacement bodies, so that adjacent displacement bodies are positioned by a side edge or a side wall at which the adjacent displacement bodies touch one another. The displacement bodies can support each other in the middle area of the concrete ceiling on all their sides, at least in some areas, whereby three, four or more contact surfaces can be provided depending on the shape of the displacement bodies.

According to the invention, the ratio of the cross section of the Channel in the displacement body to the surface of the displacement body in plan view between 0.2 to 0.45, in particular between 0.3 to 0.4. The area of the channel is thus comparatively large in relation to the total area of the displacement body in plan view, which ensures that the channels are also filled when concrete is poured. This means that the load-bearing capacity can be calculated based on the area of the channels. The channels can be circular, square, diamond-shaped or some other geometry in plan view. Each channel preferably has a narrowest point which is provided in a central region of the displacement body. The diameter of a channel in a displacement body can for example be between 200 mm to 450 mm, in particular 250 mm to 400 mm. If the channel has a geometry that differs from the circular shape, this geometry can be converted to the above diameter range if the area of the channel corresponds to the area of a calculated diameter.

The displacement bodies are preferably placed loosely on the lower reinforcement grid. This simplifies assembly.

The displacement bodies are preferably square in plan view, so that the area of a ceiling in which the displacement bodies are to be arranged can easily be covered with the displacement bodies.

In a further embodiment, free spaces are provided between adjacent displacement bodies, the area of the free spaces being smaller than the area of the channels in plan view. Such free spaces can exist, for example, in the corner area between adjacent displacement bodies if these have rounded or beveled corners, so that smaller free spaces or channels are also formed there, which enable the concrete to be connected in the vertical direction. Alternatively, the free spaces can also be designed as channels that are formed between two or more displacement bodies.

A displacement body preferably comprises a plurality of hollow bodies which are connected to one another via spacers. For example, four hollow bodies can be provided, which are connected to one another via separable webs, so that if necessary the displacement body can be separated in the area of the webs and, depending on the construction space of the concrete ceiling, the displacement body can also be halved to fill a concrete ceiling. The individual hollow bodies can be designed essentially closed, so that no concrete flows into the hollow body when the spacers or webs are cut.

In the concrete ceiling according to the invention, the reinforcement grids are preferably essentially flat. The reinforcement grids therefore preferably do not protrude into the plane of the displacement bodies and can be formed from struts extending at an angle, preferably at right angles to one another.

In the method according to the invention for producing a concrete ceiling, a lower reinforcement grid is first positioned on which a large number of displacement bodies are then placed, with the displacement bodies in a central area of the reinforcement grid resting against one another on at least three sides, at least in areas, in order to position one another. After the displacement bodies have been deposited, an upper reinforcement grid is then placed on the large number of displacement bodies and a concrete ceiling is produced by pouring concrete one or more times. The loose placement of the displacement bodies eliminates the need to provide a predetermined spacing of the displacement bodies, for example using reinforcement cages or special spacers. This simplifies assembly, since the displacement bodies can be positioned directly adjacent to one another. With the exception of the displacement bodies arranged at the edge, like displacement bodies in the central region, they are preferably supported or positioned on all sides by adjacent displacement bodies, in particular without additional spacers.

The displacement bodies can be square or rectangular in plan view and are in contact with one another on four sides in a central area. The displacement bodies are thus structure generators for a ceiling, the channel within a displacement body preferably specifying the geometry of a strut between the bottom and the top of a displacement body, which enables a comparatively precise calculation of the load-bearing capacity of the concrete ceiling.

Figur 1

eine Schnittansicht durch eine erfindungsgemäße Betondecke;

Figur 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Betondecke der Figur 1 ohne Beton;

Figur 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Verdrängungskörper der Betondecke der Figur 1;

Figur 4

eine Seitenansicht von zwei Verdrängungskörpern der Betondecke der Figur 1;

Figur 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Verdrängungskörpers der Betondecke der Figur 1;

Figuren 6A und 6B

zwei Ansichten der Halbschalen des Verdrängungskörpers der Figur 5;

Figur 7

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Verdrängungskörpers mit einem optionalen Bewehrungselement;

Figur 8

eine Ansicht eines Verdrängungskörpers mit einem optionalen modifizierten Bewehrungselement;

Figur 9

eine perspektivische Ansicht mehrerer Verdrängungskörper gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 10

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Verdrängungskörpers der Figur 9;

Figuren 11A bis 16

mehrere Ansichten des Verdrängungskörpers der Figur 10, teilweise im Schnitt;

Figur 17

mehrere Verdrängungskörper gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 18

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Verdrängungskörpers der Figur 17;

Figur 19

eine Ansicht einer Halbschale eines Verdrängungskörpers der Figur 18;

Figur 20

eine perspektivische Ansicht mehrerer Verdrängungskörper gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 21

eine Ansicht von zwei benachbarten Verdrängungskörpern der Figur;

Figur 22

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Verdrängungskörpers der Figur 20;

Figur 23

eine perspektivische Ansicht mehrerer in Draufsicht dreieckförmiger Verdrängungskörper;

Figur 24

eine Ansicht eines Verdrängungskörpers der Figur 23;

Figuren 25 A und B

zwei Ansichten eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels;

Figur 26

eine Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels von benachbarten Verdrängungskörpern;

Figuren 27 bis 30

mehrere Ansichten eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Verdrängungskörpers;

Figur 31

eine perspektivische Ansicht mehrerer Verdrängungskörper der Figur 27;

Figuren 32 und 33

zwei Ansichten der Verdrängungskörper der Figur 31 mit Bewehrungsgittern;

Figuren 34 und 35

zwei Ansichten der Verdrängungskörper der Figur 27 mit Bewehrungselementen, und

Figuren 36 bis 38

mehrere Ansichten von Verdrängungskörpern mit unterschiedlicher Bauhöhe.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of several exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Figure 1

a sectional view through a concrete ceiling according to the invention;

Figure 2

a perspective view of the concrete ceiling of Figure 1 without concrete;

Figure 3

a perspective view of the displacement bodies of the concrete ceiling Figure 1 ;

Figure 4

a side view of two displacement bodies of the concrete ceiling of Figure 1 ;

Figure 5

a perspective view of a displacement body of the concrete ceiling Figure 1 ;

Figures 6A and 6B

two views of the half-shells of the sinker Figure 5 ;

Figure 7

a perspective view of a displacement body with an optional reinforcement element;

Figure 8

a view of a displacement body with an optional modified reinforcement element;

Figure 9

a perspective view of a plurality of displacement bodies according to a second embodiment;

Figure 10

a perspective view of a displacement body of FIG Figure 9 ;

Figures 11A through 16

several views of the sinker of the Figure 10 , partly in section;

Figure 17

several displacement bodies according to a third embodiment;

Figure 18

a perspective view of a displacement body of FIG Figure 17 ;

Figure 19

a view of a half-shell of a displacement body of Figure 18 ;

Figure 20

a perspective view of a plurality of displacement bodies according to a fourth embodiment;

Figure 21

a view of two adjacent displacement bodies of the figure;

Figure 22

a perspective view of a displacement body of FIG Figure 20 ;

Figure 23

a perspective view of several in plan view triangular displacement body;

Figure 24

a view of a displacement body of Figure 23 ;

Figures 25 A and B

two views of a further embodiment;

Figure 26

a view of a further embodiment of adjacent displacement bodies;

Figures 27 to 30

several views of a further embodiment of a displacement body according to the invention;

Figure 31

a perspective view of several displacement bodies of Figure 27 ;

Figures 32 and 33

two views of the displacement body of the Figure 31 with reinforcement mesh;

Figures 34 and 35

two views of the displacement body of the Figure 27 with reinforcement elements, and

Figures 36 to 38

several views of displacement bodies with different heights.

A concrete ceiling 1 comprises an upper reinforcement grid 2, which has a plurality of longitudinal struts 3 and transverse struts 4 which are connected to one another. Furthermore, a lower reinforcement grid 5 is provided, which is also a A plurality of longitudinal struts 6 and transverse struts 7 extending perpendicular thereto, as shown in FIG Figures 1 and 2 is shown.

Between the flat reinforcement grids 2 and 5, a multiplicity of displacement bodies 10 are arranged, which are made, for example, of plastic and ensure that the upper reinforcement grid 2 is spaced apart from the lower reinforcement grid 5. The displacement bodies 10 rest against one another in an edge region and are not kept at a distance from one another by additional positioning means. In each displacement body 10, a channel 11 is formed, which creates a connection between the concrete on the lower reinforcement grid 5 and the concrete on the upper reinforcement grid 2. The channels 11 thus create a support structure in the concrete ceiling 1, which is predetermined by the displacement bodies 10.

As in Figure 3 is shown, each displacement body 10 has around the channel 11 an annular section 12 with projections and recesses 15 arranged between them. Each channel 11 is diamond-shaped in plan view, but can also be circular or square. The channel 11 has the narrowest cross section in a central area of the displacement body 10 and then widens outwards. The depressions 15 ensure that the channels 11 can be safely filled when concrete is introduced, the concrete forming support webs within the depressions 15.

On each displacement body 10, a laterally protruding edge 14 is formed at a central height, which edge 14 is used to position an adjacent displacement body 10.

In Figure 4 two displacement bodies 10 are shown in a side view. On projections or annular sections 12, webs 13 each protrude, which surround the depressions 15. A height h of the displacement body is preferably in a range between 40 mm to 400 mm, in particular 80 mm to 300 mm.

The displacement bodies 10 are square in plan view, so that a width L is approximately the same at the two side edges, the width being in a range between 300 mm to 700 mm, in particular 400 mm to 600 mm.

The channel 11 has an area of at least 100 cm ² , in particular more than 150 cm ² , at its narrowest point. If the narrowest cross-sectional area is designed to be circular, the diameter is preferably in a range between 200 mm and 450 mm, in particular 250 mm to 400 mm.

The ratio of the area of the channel 11 in the area of the narrowest cross-section to the total area of the displacement body 10 in plan view is preferably at least 0.1, for example between 0.2 to 0.45, in particular 0.3 to 0.4. As a result, a “concrete column” is formed within the displacement body 10 through the channel 11, the geometric dimensions of which are predetermined and which therefore enables a comparatively precise calculation of the load-bearing capacity.

In Figure 5 a displacement body 10 is shown, which can be placed loosely on a lower reinforcement grid 5 for the production of a concrete ceiling 1. Adjacent displacement bodies 10 are positioned adjacent to one another, with the exception of those displacement bodies 10 that are arranged in an edge region of the concrete ceiling 1, since these displacement bodies lack an adjacent displacement body 10 at least on the outside.

In the illustrated embodiment, each displacement body 10 is formed from two half-shells 10A and 10 which can be plugged together and surround a cavity. The cavity within the displacement body 10 can optionally contain air, but also a filling element, for example a foam body.

To increase the strength, it can be useful to provide reinforcement elements 16 at least on individual displacement bodies 10, as shown in FIG. Such a reinforcement element 16 can be formed by a bent wire which, for example, comprises a loop 17 which is inserted into the channel 11. The reinforcement element 16 is fixed to the edge 13 of the displacement body 10 with two struts.

As in Figure 8 is shown, a recess 18 can be provided on the web 13, into which a strut of a reinforcement element can be inserted. The reinforcement element 19 can also be rod-shaped without a loop 17.

In Figure 9 a modified embodiment of a unit of displacement bodies 20 is shown, which have a channel 21 in the central region, which is circular in cross section, each channel 21 having a narrowest cross section in a central region of the displacement bodies 20. An annular section 22 of the displacement body 20 is formed around each channel 21. In the corner region of each annular section 22, a recess 23 is provided which enables concrete to flow into the channel 21. The displacement bodies 20 have edges or rims 24 on outer side surfaces which serve to position the adjacent displacement bodies 20.

As in the Figures 11A and 11B is shown, the displacement bodies 20 are formed from two half-shells 20A and 20B, which can be fixed to one another via locking or holding elements. A latching receptacle 26 is formed on the lower half-shell 20B, into which a latching web 25 engages on the upper half-shell 20A, as shown in FIG Figure 11B is shown. Several of these locking connections can be provided distributed over the circumference in order to fix the half-shells 20A and 20B to one another.

In the Figures 12A and 12B shows a section through the displacement body 20 in the area of holding elements. On the lower half-shell 20B, a retaining web 27 protrudes upwards, which engages in a receptacle 28 on the upper half-shell 20A, so that it takes place in the edge area between the two half-shells 20A and 20B.

In Figure 14 the upper half-shell 20A is shown on the inside, wherein the lower half-shell 20B can be configured identically, wherein the half-shells 20A and 20B can be inserted into one another offset by 180 °. In the edge area there are locking webs 25, locking receptacles 26, holding webs 27 and receptacles 28 for reinforcing the edge area. An edge 24 of the displacement body 20 is thus comparatively dimensionally stable and can be used for positioning adjacent displacement bodies 20.

In Figure 15 two half-shells 20A are shown in a stacked position, and in FIG Figure 16 two half-shells 20B are shown in a stacked position.

In the Figures 17 and 18th a further embodiment of displacement bodies 30 is shown, which are square in plan view and each have a central channel 31 which is circular in cross section. Each channel 31 is surrounded by an annular section 32 of the displacement body which has recesses 33 on four sides. However, the recesses 33 are not arranged in the corner area, but rather in the middle on a side surface of the displacement body 30. The displacement bodies 30 have an outer edge 34 which is used to position adjacent displacement bodies 30, with locking webs 35, holding webs 36 or other means for positioning being provided on the edge 34.

In Figure 19 a half-shell 30A of a displacement body 30 is shown which has a circumferential edge on which a locking web 35, a locking receptacle 37 and a holding web 36 and a holding web 38 are formed.

In the Figures 20 and 21st Exemplary embodiments of displacement bodies 40 are shown, which are square in plan view and include a channel 41 with a circular cross-section in the central region. Each channel 41 is surrounded by an annular section 42 on the displacement body 40, the annular section 42 being designed without recesses. Each displacement body 40 comprises an edge section 43 which can be used for positioning an adjacent displacement body 40, as shown in FIG Figure 21 is shown.

In Figure 22 a half-shell 40A of a displacement body 40 is shown, and the displacement bodies 40 can be produced from two half-shells 40A.

In the Figures 23 and 24 Another embodiment of displacement bodies 50 is shown, which are not square, but triangular in plan view. In each displacement body 50 there is a channel 51 which has a circular cross section. The displacement body 50 has flattened areas 53 at the three tips of the triangle which, in an assembled position of the displacement bodies 50, form free spaces 52 so that a connection of the concrete in the area of the lower reinforcement grid 5 to the concrete in the area of the upper reinforcement grid 2 is not only possible through the Channels 51 takes place, but also through the free spaces 52. The area of the free spaces 52 is designed to be smaller than the area of the channels 51 seen in plan view.

In the Figures 25A and 25B Another exemplary embodiment of displacement bodies 60 is shown, each having a central channel 61 which is enclosed by an annular section of the displacement body 60. In addition, the displacement body has a semicircular free surface 62 on each side surface, and a quarter-circular free surface 63 in the corner area. The displacement bodies 60 can be placed against one another in such a way that the webs 64 between the free surface 62 and the free surface 63 rest against one another, as shown in FIG Figure 25A is shown.

Figure 26 shows an embodiment with four displacement bodies 70 which surround a channel 71. The channel 71 is surrounded by the four displacement bodies 70. Each displacement body 70 has four outwardly protruding webs 72, two end faces of the adjacent webs 72 resting against one another. As a result, the size of the channel 71 is predetermined by the geometry of the webs 72 and the displacement body 70, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is circular in plan view. Other cross-sectional shapes for the channel 71 are also possible. As in the first exemplary embodiments, the height of the displacement body 70 can be selected according to the strength requirements.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the channels are circular or diamond-shaped in cross section. Other geometries for the channels can also be used.

The displacement bodies 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 can rest loosely against one another at their contact surface. However, it is also possible to provide connecting elements, such as hooks or other components, which enable the displacement bodies 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 to be fixed to one another.

In Figure 27 Another embodiment of a displacement body 80 is shown, which is composed of two half-shells 80A and 80B. The two half-shells 80A and 80B are connected to one another at a circumferential edge 86, which has a step 87 in the middle area of a side edge. The half-shells 80A and 80B are constructed identically, with Figures 28A and 28B the upper half-shell is shown in detail in two views.

The displacement body 80 comprises four hollow bodies 83 which, in plan view, have the shape of a quarter-circle segment. Each hollow body 83 has two adjacent hollow bodies 83 are connected via spacers in the form of webs 84. A marking 85 is provided on each web 84, which serves as an aid when the displacement body 80 is to be divided into two parts, for example because an edge of a concrete ceiling no longer offers space for a whole displacement body 80, but still includes half a displacement body 80 two hollow bodies 83 can be filled.

As in Figure 28B shown, in the area of the webs 84 on the side facing the hollow bodies 83, wall sections 88 are located in the webs 84, so that when the webs 84 are severed, little or no concrete can flow into the hollow bodies 83. Reinforcing ribs 92 are provided on the inside of each hollow body 83, which give the displacement body 80 greater dimensional stability.

The two half-shells 80A and 80B can according to Figure 29 first positioned on top of each other and then placed on top of each other. In this position, fastening pins 82 can optionally be inserted into an opening 91 on an edge section in order to fix the two half-shells 80A and 80B to one another. The fastening pins 82 penetrate the two edges of the half-shells 80A and 80B, so that they can no longer slip relative to one another.

The displacement bodies 80 produced in this way can according to FIG Figure 31 be placed next to each other, it is not necessary to provide further fastening means. Each displacement body 80 in a central area rests against four further displacement bodies 80. Between the four hollow bodies 83 of a displacement body 80, a channel 81 is formed which gives the concrete ceiling a defined structure when concrete is poured in.

In Figure 32 the displacement bodies 80 are arranged between a lower reinforcement grid 5 and an upper reinforcement grid 2, each of which has longitudinal struts 3 and 6 and transverse struts 4 and 7, as is also shown in FIG Figure 33 you can see. In this position, concrete can now be poured, so that a lower concrete layer 9 is provided under the lower reinforcement grid 5 and an upper concrete layer 8 is provided above the upper reinforcement grid 2. The concrete flows through the channels 81 within the displacement bodies 80.

It is optional according to Figure 34 possible to provide reinforcement elements 19 'for fixing adjacent displacement bodies 80. In Figure 34 a reinforcement element 19 'is provided in the form of a bracket, which is placed over the adjacent webs 84 to connect the hollow bodies 83.

In Figure 35 a rod-shaped reinforcement element 19 is provided which is placed on the displacement body 80, with an upwardly projecting angular edge 89 being provided on each hollow body 83, in which a recess 90 is formed in the corner area. The rod-shaped reinforcement element 19 can be inserted into the recess 90 in order to pre-fix the displacement bodies 80. A rod-shaped reinforcement element 19 can thus extend diagonally over a multiplicity of displacement bodies 80. Optionally, instead of the rod-shaped reinforcement element 19, a reinforcement element according to FIG Figure 7 with a loop 17 or a wave shape.

In the Figures 36A and 36B the displacement body 80 is shown with the two half-shells 80A and 80B. It is of course possible to make the height of the displacement body 80 and the half-shells larger or smaller, and in Figure 37A shows a higher half-shell 80A 'of a displacement body 80', which is formed from two higher half-shells 80A 'and 80B'. In the case of even higher ceilings, displacement bodies 80 ″ according to FIGS Figures 38A and 38B are used, which comprise two even higher half-shells 80A "and 80B". The functionality of the displacement bodies 80 'and 80 "otherwise corresponds to the embodiment of FIG Figures 27 to 35 .

List of reference symbols

1

Concrete ceiling

2

Reinforcement mesh

3

Longitudinal strut

4th

Cross brace

5

Reinforcement mesh

6th

Longitudinal strut

7th

Cross brace

8th

Concrete layer

9

Concrete layer

10

Displacement body

10A

Half shell

10B

Half shell

11

channel

12

section

13

web

14th

edge

15th

deepening

16

Reinforcement element

17th

loop

18th

Recess

19, 19 '

Reinforcement element

20th

Displacement body

20A

Half shell

20B

Half shell

21st

channel

22nd

section

23

deepening

24

edge

25th

Locking bar

26th

Snap recording

27

Holding bridge

28

admission

30th

Displacement body

30A

Half shell

31

channel

32

section

33

deepening

34

edge

35

Locking bar

36

Holding bridge

37

Snap recording

38

Holding bridge

40

Displacement body

40A

Half shell

41

channel

42

section

43

Edge section

50

Displacement body

51

channel

52

free space

53

Flattening

60

Displacement body

61

channel

62

Open space

63

Open space

64

web

70

Displacement body

71

channel

72

web

80, 80 ', 80 "

Displacement body

80A, 80A ', 80A "

Half shell

80B, 80B ', 80B "

Half shell

81

channel

82

Fixing pin

83

Hollow body

84

web

85

mark

86

edge

87

step

88

Wall section

89

edge

90

Recess

91

opening

92

Reinforcement rib height

L.

width

Claims (13)

1. Concrete ceiling (1), comprising a lower reinforcing mesh (5) and an upper reinforcing mesh (2), between which a plurality of displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) are disposed, wherein the lower and upper reinforcing meshes (2, 5) and the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) are embedded in concrete and each displacement body (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) at least partially surrounds at least one channel (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81) which establishes a connection between the concrete on the lower reinforcing mesh (5) and the concrete on the upper reinforcing mesh (2), wherein the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) abut one another on at least three sides at least in sections in a central region of the concrete ceiling, characterized in that no additional spacers are provided between adjacent displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70), so that the positioning of adjacent displacement bodies takes place by a side edge or a side wall, at which the adjacent displacement bodies contact each other and the ratio of the cross-section of the channel (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61) in a displacement body (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) to the surface area of the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) in plan view is at least between 0.2 and 0.45.
2. Concrete ceiling according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) arranged in a central region of the concrete ceiling (1) rest at least in sections circumferentially against one another on all their sides.
3. Concrete ceiling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-section of the channel (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61) in a displacement body (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) to the surface area of the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) in plan view is between 0.3 and 0.4.
4. Concrete ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of the channel (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71) in a displacement body (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) is between 200 mm and 450 mm, in particular between 250 mm and 400 mm.
5. Concrete ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) lie loosely on the lower reinforcing mesh (5).
6. Concrete ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40) are formed substantially square in plan view.
7. Concrete ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that free spaces are provided between adjacent displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60), wherein the surface area of the free spaces in plan view is smaller than the area of the channels (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61).
8. Concrete ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the reinforcing meshes (2, 5) is formed substantially flat and preferably does not engage in the plane of the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70).
9. Concrete ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the displacement body (80) has a plurality of hollow bodies (83) which are connected to one another via spacers (84).
10. Concrete ceiling according to claim 9, characterized in that four hollow bodies (83) are provided which are connected to one another via separable webs.
11. Kit for producing a concrete ceiling (1) according to one of the preceding claims having at least two reinforcing meshes (2, 5) and a plurality of displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70).
12. Method for producing a concrete ceiling (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the following steps:

    - positioning a lower reinforcing mesh (5);

    - placing a plurality of displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) on the lower reinforcing mesh (5), wherein in a central region of the reinforcing mesh (5) the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) abut one another on at least three sides at least in regions in order to position one another mutually, wherein the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) are positioned side by side without additional spacers so that the positioning of adjacent displacement bodies is effected by a side edge or a side wall at which the adjacent displacement bodies contact each other,

    - placing an upper reinforcing mesh (2) on the plurality of displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80), and

    - pouring concrete once or several times to produce a concrete ceiling (1).
13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the displacement bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) abut one another on four sides in a central region of the reinforcing mesh (2, 5).

Images