EP3515881A1 - Produit pyrotechnique composite renfermant un agent anti-lueur de type sel de potassium. - Google Patents
Produit pyrotechnique composite renfermant un agent anti-lueur de type sel de potassium.Info
- Publication number
- EP3515881A1 EP3515881A1 EP17787216.5A EP17787216A EP3515881A1 EP 3515881 A1 EP3515881 A1 EP 3515881A1 EP 17787216 A EP17787216 A EP 17787216A EP 3515881 A1 EP3515881 A1 EP 3515881A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- potassium
- agent
- composite pyrotechnic
- pyrotechnic product
- energetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/04—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for cooling the explosion gases including antifouling and flash suppressing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
- C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive
Definitions
- the present invention relates to composite pyrotechnic products, particularly suitable as solid propellants for propelling tactical missiles. It is more precisely composite pyrotechnic products, containing a high rate of organic energy charges in an energy binder.
- the composition of said products is optimized with reference to the technical problem of the discretion of said products during their combustion, more specifically with reference to the technical problem of obtaining an interesting compromise in terms of discretion and energy power.
- a so-called acceleration phase where the operating pressure is maximum (the value of this maximum operating pressure being obviously related to the energy power of the propellant in combustion) and a so-called cruise phase where the operating pressure is minimal (generally of the order of 2 to 3 MPa);
- cryolite Na 3 AIF 6
- potassium and aluminum fluoride potassium cryolite, (K 3 AIF 6 )
- K 3 AIF 6 potassium cryolite,
- potassium cryolite K 3 AIF 6
- alkaline salts such as potassium sulphate (K 2 SO 4 ), potassium nitrate, potassium fluoride and aluminum fluoride
- potassium cryolite (K 3 AIF 6 ) potassium cryolite (K 3 AIF 6 )
- hydrogenated potassium tartrate as anti-glare additives
- sodium cryolite K 3 AIF 6
- tartrate of hydrogenated potassium as anti-glare additives
- K 3 AIF 6 potassium cryolite
- compositions typically contain essentially energetic fillers, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, an energetic plasticizer, and additives. They may also contain at least one additional energetic binder such as glycidyl polyazide (PAG; non-crosslinked) or non-energetic such as polybutadiene with terminal hydroxyl functions (PBHT).
- PAG glycidyl polyazide
- PBHT polybutadiene with terminal hydroxyl functions
- the double-base solid propellants have a more modest energy performance than the composite propellants developed in a second time.
- composite propellants such as Nitramite ® and Azamite ® .
- Composite propellants of Nitramite ® type contain energetic charges (of the RDX or HMX type) in a crosslinked binder (of polyester, polyether or polycaprolactone type), plasticized with nitroglycerine.
- their composition has been optimized in that it does not contain metal charges (such as aluminum charges) able to generate primary fumes, no or little inorganic energy charges (such as ammonium perchlorate charges) capable of generating secondary fumes and in that it contains effective anti-their agents capable of minimizing or even eliminate the phenomena of post combustion (it is noted here incidentally that the nature and quantity of anti-light agents are to be optimized insofar as said anti-glare agents are capable of generating primary and / or secondary fumes).
- Composite propellants of the Azamite ® type are even more energetic propellants than those of the Nitramite ® type. They contain energetic charges (of the RDX or HMX type) in a crosslinked energy binder (of the glycidyl polyazide type (PAG)), plasticized with at least one energetic plasticizer. They are opportunely used up to firing pressures of the order of 16 MPa, in so-called acceleration phase. Under such conditions, the anti-light agents of the prior art (see above) have proved to be ineffective (in particular to substantially reduce the post-combustion phenomenon, more generally with reference to the technical problem of discretion).
- the present invention thus relates to new composite pyrotechnic products, highly energetic. They are of the crosslinked energy binder type containing organic energy charges. They contain, more specifically, in a plasticized binder comprising a crosslinked energy polymer and at least one energetic plasticizer, organic energetic fillers and at least one anti-glow agent of the potassium salt type. Characteristically:
- said crosslinked energy polymer consists of a glycidyl polyazide (PAG) having a number-average molecular weight
- said at least one anti-glow agent of the potassium salt type is chosen from potassium cryolite (K3AIF 6 ), potassium monobasic tartrate (C4H5KO6) and mixtures thereof.
- the structure of the composite pyrotechnic products of the invention therefore typically associates a specific binder (energetic) and at least one specific anti-glare agent (potassium salt type).
- the nature of the binder (that of its precursor (energetic) polymer) therefore constitutes one of the key elements (of the composition) of the composite pyrotechnic products of the invention.
- potassium cryolite K 3 AIF 6
- monobasic potassium tartrate C 4 H 5 KO 6
- said monobasic potassium tartrate advantageously consisting of monobasic potassium L-tartrate (see above)
- potassium cryolite K 3 AIF 6
- the infra-red signature of said potassium cryolite is more discrete than that of said monobasic potassium tartrate.
- Said at least one original anti-glare agent is obviously conveniently present in an effective amount but not excessive (the (s) added potassium salt (s) suitable for minimizing the phenomenon of post combustion but likely to generate primary fumes and, in any case, have a negative influence on the energy output).
- This effective and non-excessive amount is generally such that it provides in the composition of the product a potassium content of 0.2 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight.
- This advantageous potassium content of 0.2 to 2.5% by weight corresponds approximately to a mass content, in one and / or the other of said specific potassium salts, of 1 to 5%. It is conceivable that at the desired potassium equivalent content, the required dHsKOe content is higher than that required in K3AIF6.
- binder energy binder, therefore
- precursor polymer hydroxytelechelic glycidyl polyazide
- the "one" glycidyl polyazide should read “at least one" glycidyl polyazide throughout the present text. Indeed, it is in no way excluded from the scope of the invention to use a mixture of at least two glycidyl polyazides (having molecular weights (between 700 and 3000 g / mol) and / or different branching ratios). as precursor polymer of the binder of the products of the invention.
- the precursor energy polymer of the binder of the products of the invention is therefore a polyazide, a glycidyl polyazide (PAG) which has terminal hydroxy functions (a hydroxytelechelic PAG); hence 1) its energetic properties and 2) its ability to be crosslinked with the polyisocyanate crosslinking agents.
- PAG glycidyl polyazide
- Said polymer has an adequate molecular weight (in particular, with reference to its consistency (liquid) and the consistency of its mixture with essentially the (organic energy) charges and in particular reference to the relative content of the crosslinked binder in crosslinking agent (s)), a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of between 700 and 3000 g / mol, advantageously between 1700 and 2300 g / mol.
- Mn number-average molecular weight
- Crosslinking agents of the polyisocyanate type (at least bifunctional), which are suitable for the crosslinking of such a hydroxytelechelic glycidyl polyazide (PAG), are known per se. It may especially be di- or triisocyanates.
- liquid polyisocyanates chosen from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dicyclohexyl methylene diisocyanate (MDCl), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), trimer of said hexamethylene diisocyanate (especially marketed by Bayer under the trade name Desmodur ® N 3300), biuret trihexane isocyanate (BTHI), the S ⁇ - ⁇ -hexamethylene trimethyl-diisocyanate and mixtures thereof.
- the trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate is used.
- Said crosslinking agents are conventionally used in an amount necessary and sufficient to ensure the crosslinking of the polymer (not excessive so as not to pollute the crosslinked product obtained). They are conventionally used in an amount such that the bridging ratio (NCO (of the crosslinking agent) / OH (of the polymer)) is between 0.8 and 1.4, or advantageously 1.2.
- the crosslinked energy polymer generally represents from 9 to 14% by weight of the total composition of the composite pyrotechnic products of the invention.
- the energy polymer per is generally involved for 7 to 12% by weight, the at least one crosslinking agent for about 2% by weight.
- binder of its precursor polymer
- the interest of the invention is based on the combination of such an energetic binder precursor polymer with at least one specific anti-glare agent (potassium salt type).
- the energy binder is associated with at least one energetic plasticizer.
- the energy plasticizer (s) in question is (are) advantageously of the nitrate and / or nitramine type.
- the energy plasticizer (s) in question is (are) very advantageously selected from diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN), triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN), butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN), a mixture of 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diaza-pentane, 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diaza-hexane and 3,5-dinitro-3, 5-diaza-heptane (and especially DNDA 5.7), nitrato ethyl nitramines (especially methyl-2-nitratoethyl nitramine (methylNENA) and ethyl-2-nitratoethyl nitramine (ethylNENA)
- the plasticizer (s) of the pyrotechnic products of the invention generally represent (s) from 10 to 30% by weight, more generally from 15 to 25% by weight, of the total composition of said products.
- the energy charges present are organic charges.
- the organic energy charges involved are not per se original. These are known organic energy charges Persian and, for the most part, already packaged according to the prior art in crosslinked energy polymer binders (in particular PAG type). It is advantageously charges of hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL20), nitroguanidine (NGU), ethylene dinitramine (EDNA), dinitramide N-guanylurea (FOX 12 (GUDN)), 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX 7 (DADE)), 5,5'-azotetrazolate bis (triaminoguanidinium) (TAGZT), 5,5'- Dihydrazinium azotetrazolate (DHDZT), 5,5'-bis (tetrazolyl) hydrazine (HBT), bis (2,2-dinitropropyl) nitramine (BDNPN), a nitropyrazole or
- energy charges of RDX and / or H MX there are energy charges of RDX and / or H MX, more preferably energy charges of RDX or HMX.
- hexogen charges and / or octogen charges are particularly recommended since these two types of charges offer a very satisfactory compromise: safety / energy efficiency and where it is also possible to take advantage of the scope of the invention, assets (resulting from the use of these two types of charges in the prior art).
- Organic energy charges are conventionally in the form of solid grains, distributed homogeneously within the plasticized crosslinked binder. These solid grains suitably have, in a known manner per se, several particle size distributions.
- the organic energy charges of the pyrotechnic products of the invention generally represent from 50 to 70% by weight, more generally from 55 to 65% by weight, of the total composition of said products. It is understood that said products are high load.
- metal charges aluminum in particular
- Such metal charges are indeed likely to generate particles during their combustion, ie to generate primary fumes.
- inorganic energy charges of ammonium perchlorate, in particular
- inorganic energy charges are necessarily, in reference to the discretion sought, in small quantities ( ⁇ 4% by weight). They can be considered as additives (see below). Their presence may be appropriate, with reference to the ballistic properties of the product.
- the composite pyrotechnic products of the invention are moreover likely to contain, and generally contain, in their binder (crosslinked precursor polymer), in addition to plasticizers, organic energy charges and specific anti-glare agent (s). ), at least one additive. It is more apt to speak of at least one other additive, the anti-glare agents being quite capable of being analyzed as additives.
- the anti-glare agents have been presently isolated from the other additives, insofar as they are present with reference to the technical problem currently considered and where they therefore constitute a key element of the products of the invention.
- the composite pyrotechnic products of the invention therefore contain in their composition, in addition to the crosslinked polymer (PAG), the plasticizers (s), organic energy charges and the at least one specific anti-glare agent, at least one additive; said at least one additive comprising at least one crosslinking catalyst and / or at least one stabilizing agent of the plasticizer (s) present (s) and / or at least one combustion catalyst.
- Said at least one polymerization catalyst may especially be chosen from triphenylbismuth and tin dibutyldilaurate (DBTL). Present, it is generally at a content not exceeding 100 ppm.
- Said at least one stabilizing agent for the plasticizer (s) present) may especially consist of at least one aromatic amine, such as 2-nitrodiphenylamine (2-NDPA) and N-methylparanitroaniline (MNA). Present, it is generally at a content of about 1% by weight.
- Said at least one combustion catalyst may especially be chosen from conventional combustion catalysts, such as lead salts and oxides, and bismuth citrate. Said bismuth citrate, especially because of its lower toxicity, is preferred.
- the Applicant has described, in the patent application WO 2016/066245, the advantageous use of said citrate of bismuth as a combustion catalyst.
- Said at least one combustion catalyst is generally present in the composition of the pyrotechnic products of the invention at a mass ratio of 1 to 6%, very generally at a mass ratio of 3 to 5%.
- additives that may be present in the composition of the composite pyrotechnic products of the invention may especially consist of inorganic energetic charges (see above) and one or more implementing agents (auxiliaries). manufacturing).
- the said agent (s) is (are) generally present at a content of 1 to 2% by weight.
- the additives which may be present (in view of the above remarks, it has been understood that generally several types of additive are present) generally represent a maximum of 10% by weight of the composition of the composite pyrotechnic products of the invention. They generally represent from 0.1 to 10% by weight (often from 1.5 to 10% by weight) of the composition of said composite pyrotechnic products of the invention.
- the composite pyrotechnic products of the invention are not of a new type but that they are new by the combination, in their composition, of a specific binder (PAG crosslinked with at least one polyisocyanate) and at least one specific anti-glare agent.
- a specific binder PAG crosslinked with at least one polyisocyanate
- at least one specific anti-glare agent PAG crosslinked with at least one polyisocyanate
- composition of the composite pyrotechnic products of the invention thus contains:
- said at least one antiglare potassium salt type selected from the potassium cryolite agent (K 3 AIF 6) monobasic potassium tartrate (QHSKO O) and mixtures thereof, in an amount ensuring a potassium content of said propellant from 0.2% to 2.5% by weight.
- K 3 AIF 6 potassium cryolite agent
- QHSKO O monobasic potassium tartrate
- the advantageous ranges indicated above can quite be considered independently of each other. Preferably, they are in combination with each other.
- said composition is generally free of any other ingredient (especially any metallic filler) and therefore consists of the ingredients listed above, present in the amounts indicated above.
- composite pyrotechnic products are particularly suitable as solid propellants for propellant loading of tactical missiles. Their use for this purpose is particularly recommended. It is an integral part of the present invention.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a method for preparing a composite pyrotechnic product as described above.
- This process comprises:
- the at least one anti-glare agent is introduced in powder form.
- the partial vacuum mentioned is intended for degassing of the medium above which it is applied. It is usually 10 mm Hg. Incidentally, it is not necessarily constant intensity.
- the heat treatment (crosslinking (of the hydroxytelechelic PAG)) is generally carried out at a temperature between 30 and 60 ° C (30 ° C ⁇ T ⁇ 60 ° C) for several days.
- FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show, for each of the propellants tested (respectively that of Comparative Example C2 (with K 2 SO 4 (15 pm)), that of Example 1 and that of Example 2). the temperature (equivalent black body radiation temperature (° C)) according to the axis of the jet (of generated gases) as a function of the distance (measured distance (in m) from the outlet of the nozzle); the propellant tested being at an operating pressure of 16 MPa (see point 5 below).
- the longitudinal thermal profiles shown were obtained using IR cameras on Band II. These cameras made it possible to draw a two-dimensional thermal profile of the jet emitted by the nozzle.
- Examples 1 and 2 relate to propellants according to the invention comprising, in their composition:
- RDX - hexogen charges
- the oxidizing charge of hexogen is conventional: it consists of 60% by weight of a RDX of a particle size class of 0 - 100 ⁇ m and 40% by weight of a RDX of a particle size class of 2.5 ⁇ m. 5 pm;
- BTTN trinitrate butanediol
- TMETN trimethylolethane trinitrate
- NINA N-methylparanitroaniline
- 2-NDPA 2-nitrodiphenylamine
- an anti-glare agent K 2 AIF 6 for example 1 of the invention and C4H5KO6 for example 2 of the invention.
- the anti-glare agents were present in the propellant compositions (Comparative Examples C1 and C2 and Examples 1 and 2 of the invention), with almost iso-content (approximately 0.9% by weight) of potassium.
- compositions of each of said propellants are shown in Table 1 below. We can more precisely speak about compositions mass of the precursor paste of each of said propellants (before crosslinking).
- the crosslinking catalyst (DBTL (dibutyltin dilaurate) (55 ppm) was then added to said homogeneous paste and the medium was further stirred 30 min before the addition of the binder crosslinking agent (Desmodur ® N 3300). Said crosslinking agent was finally added and the medium was stirred for 15 minutes (still at 50 ° C. and under vacuum).
- DBTL dibutyltin dilaurate
- the batches of 800 g of pulp were partly used to assess the feasibility of the process of obtaining the propellants (to measure the pot life of the dough) and partly, after crosslinking, to evaluate the ballistic behavior of the propellant (for measure the burning rate of it).
- the batches of 5 kg, divided in two, were crosslinked.
- two blocks of propellants were prepared: two blocks of diameter 90 mm and length 150 mm. They have been tested (on the test bench: see point 5 below).
- the pot life (which makes it possible to assess the feasibility of the process for obtaining the propellants) was determined by measuring the viscosity of the propellant paste in question (containing the crosslinking agent and the crosslinking catalyst) at over time, using a Brookfield viscometer (with the body No. 3 (mobile C) rotated at 1 rpm), at a temperature of 50 ° C. The time for which the viscosity reached 15 kPo was recorded to determine if the propellant met the industrialization criterion, i.e. if the said time was greater than 10 h. 4. DETERMINATION OF COMBUSTION SPEED OF PROPERGOLS
- the burning rate was measured conventionally at 20 ° C and 10 MPa.
- Some characteristics of the jet have been determined by optronic means, in particular by IR Band II observation, visible transmission / emission (at 632 nm), and transmission / emission in IR between 2 and 14 ⁇ m.
- the longitudinal thermal profiles obtained by IR camera (Band II) make it possible to highlight in the jet gradients in black body equivalent temperature.
- the levels of transmission in the visible and in the IR make it possible to highlight the notion of transparency and thus the effectiveness of the anti-light agents tested.
- Example 1 of the invention For the propellant according to Example 1 of the invention, the composition of which contained K 3 AIF 6 , no post-combustion flame was detected. The jet was considered inert. The level of radiation in band II remained low: the maximum blackbody equivalent temperature was 600 ° C at the nozzle outlet (it did not exceed this value by moving away from the outlet plane of said nozzle).
- Example 2 of the invention For the propellant according to Example 2 of the invention, the composition of which contained C4H5KO6, in the same way, no post-combustion flame was detected.
- the jet was considered inert.
- the level of radiation in band II remained low: the temperature
- the maximum equivalent blackbody was 650 ° C at the nozzle outlet (it did not exceed this value by moving away from the exit plane of said nozzle). This maximum temperature is a little higher than that obtained with K 3 AIF 6 .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1601396A FR3056583B1 (fr) | 2016-09-26 | 2016-09-26 | Produit pyrotechnique composite renfermant un agent anti-lueur de type sel de potassium |
| PCT/FR2017/052573 WO2018055312A1 (fr) | 2016-09-26 | 2017-09-25 | Produit pyrotechnique composite renfermant un agent anti-lueur de type sel de potassium. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3515881A1 true EP3515881A1 (fr) | 2019-07-31 |
| EP3515881B1 EP3515881B1 (fr) | 2021-02-17 |
Family
ID=58609440
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17787216.5A Active EP3515881B1 (fr) | 2016-09-26 | 2017-09-25 | Produit pyrotechnique composite renfermant un agent anti-lueur de type sel de potassium. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3515881B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3056583B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018055312A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3096680B1 (fr) | 2019-06-03 | 2021-09-24 | Arianegroup Sas | produit pyrotechnique composite |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3960621A (en) * | 1957-03-12 | 1976-06-01 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Propellents |
| SE7408998L (sv) * | 1974-07-09 | 1976-01-12 | Bofors Ab | Flamdempare for krut. |
| SE437511B (sv) * | 1979-04-24 | 1985-03-04 | Bofors Ab | Sett att framstella sammanhengande kroppar av dubbelbasraketkrut |
| GB2258230B (en) | 1982-06-25 | 1993-10-13 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Production of double-base propergol propellant blocks |
| FR2588551B1 (fr) * | 1985-10-14 | 1987-11-20 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Procede de fabrication d'une composition propulsive double-base a faible emission de lueur de flamme, et composition propulsive ainsi obtenue |
| DE102010020776B4 (de) * | 2010-05-18 | 2015-03-05 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Treibladung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| FR3027597B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-12-09 | Herakles | Produit pyrotechnique composite performant sans pb dans sa composition et sa preparation |
| DE102014016223B3 (de) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-02-18 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kommunikationssystems und Kommunikationssystem |
-
2016
- 2016-09-26 FR FR1601396A patent/FR3056583B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-09-25 EP EP17787216.5A patent/EP3515881B1/fr active Active
- 2017-09-25 WO PCT/FR2017/052573 patent/WO2018055312A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018055312A1 (fr) | 2018-03-29 |
| EP3515881B1 (fr) | 2021-02-17 |
| FR3056583A1 (fr) | 2018-03-30 |
| FR3056583B1 (fr) | 2018-10-19 |
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