EP3515874B1 - Pre-pour slump maximization of delivered concrete - Google Patents

Pre-pour slump maximization of delivered concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3515874B1
EP3515874B1 EP17854058.9A EP17854058A EP3515874B1 EP 3515874 B1 EP3515874 B1 EP 3515874B1 EP 17854058 A EP17854058 A EP 17854058A EP 3515874 B1 EP3515874 B1 EP 3515874B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slump
concrete
admixture
time
processor
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3515874A1 (en
EP3515874A4 (en
Inventor
Gregory A. GOLDSTEIN
Mark F. Roberts
Nathan A. TREGGER
Byong-Wa Chun
Kati Hazrati
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Verifi LLC
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Verifi LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0032—Controlling the process of mixing, e.g. adding ingredients in a quantity depending on a measured or desired value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
    • B28C7/0404—Proportioning
    • B28C7/0418—Proportioning control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/42—Apparatus specially adapted for being mounted on vehicles with provision for mixing during transport
    • B28C5/4203—Details; Accessories
    • B28C5/4206—Control apparatus; Drive systems, e.g. coupled to the vehicle drive-system
    • B28C5/422—Controlling or measuring devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/02—Controlling the operation of the mixing
    • B28C7/022—Controlling the operation of the mixing by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component
    • B28C7/026—Controlling the operation of the mixing by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component by measuring data of the driving system, e.g. rotational speed, torque, consumed power

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to monitored concrete delivery, and more particularly a method and system for adding a maximized plasticizer admixture dosage into a delivered concrete mix load, the addition being preferably initiated before arrival of the concrete mix truck at the delivery pour site.
  • Hines et al. addressed the need for accurate monitoring of concrete in the mixer drum and taught that hydration stabilizers (e.g., set retarding agents) and/or activators (set accelerating agents) could be employed in a batch of new concrete or reclaimed concrete returned from the job site. They relied on charts to list factors that must be considered when dosing the concrete; and these factors included, for example, concrete material, mix design used, elapsed time from initial batching, plastic concrete temperature, and others. It was acknowledged by Hines et al. that charts could be misinterpreted or could contain exaggerated amounts or improper values. See e.g., US 6,042,258 at Column 2, lines 31-54.
  • the initial doses authorized by the system processor are conservatively gauged to avoid exceeding a particular rheology (e.g., slump) target.
  • Exceeding a slump target could result in significant lost time that would otherwise be needed for re-adjusting the slump of the concrete to meet a target value or waiting for the slump to decrease to the proper value.
  • Koehler et al. reflected a cautious approach, therefore, for managing the rheology of the concrete while avoiding the necessity for having to input factors into a lookup table; and, accordingly, their approach involved numerous small adjustments before reaching the target slump so that the risk of exceeding it would be decreased.
  • the present inventors believe that a novel method and system are needed for accurate and expeditious dosing of liquid component (whether water and/or chemical admixtures), and, in particular, the dosing of chemical plasticizer admixtures, into the concrete load being delivered in a concrete mixer truck.
  • the present invention provides a counter-intuitive method and system for introducing a maximized liquid component dosage, whether water and/or chemical admixture (e.g., cement plasticizer), into a concrete mix load just before the pour event at the construction delivery site and for achieving a maximized slump increase before the pour event and more preferably just before arrival at the pour site.
  • a maximized liquid component dosage whether water and/or chemical admixture (e.g., cement plasticizer)
  • cement plasticizer e.g., cement plasticizer
  • the system processor retrieves a slump characteristic (such as slump, slump flow, viscosity, yield stress or other rheology measurement) from previously and recently recorded deliveries (e.g. deliveries prior to the current delivery within the same day).
  • This data includes a slump (for example) value before addition of chemical admixture, a slump value after the addition of the chemical admixture, the volume of chemical admixture added to create the change in slump, and the volume of concrete to which the chemical admixture was added. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the slump value afterthe addition of the chemical admixture is determined after the chemical has been mixed throughout the concrete volume.
  • the data may be comprised of combinations of such data, for example, kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ) (ounce per cubic yard (oz/yd 3 ) or other chemical volume per concrete volume) for 25.4 mm (one inch) gain in slump or slump gain in millimeters per one kg/m 3 (in inches per one oz/yd 3 ) of chemical.
  • the slump data may also include other information such as mix design parameters (e.g. cement content) and/or truck characteristics (e.g. mixer drum type). It will be understood by those skilled in the art that chemical admixtures respond differently to different cementitious and truck systems.
  • performance data such as current air content (See e.g., US 2014/0297204 ), density, and viscosity can also be used as qualifying factors.
  • the system process employs this retrieved data to enable the monitoring system to achieve target performance more quickly by considering certain factors, including the time needed for administering an admixture dose and the resultant effect on slump of the dosage administered, all without sacrificing accuracy.
  • This is indeed important because every dose of admixture requires time to introduce (addition) and time to mix in (to obtain homogeneity or uniformity) throughout the load of the concrete mixture contained within the mixer drum. Multiple additions can take considerable amounts of time to accomplish.
  • the effectiveness of small, multiple dosages may be overcome by changes in the concrete (e.g. slump loss) because of the amount of time it takes to administer the doses.
  • slump loss can also be used to determine the amount of chemical admixture to be added.
  • liquid cement plasticizer e.g., water
  • water liquid cement plasticizer
  • conservative doses should be used, and thus incremental doses were used at 85% of the hypothetical dose amount predicted for a given performance target. This was preferred, in particular for water addition, since overdosing water into concrete significantly reduces strength of the resultant hardened concrete.
  • the present inventors believe that data from past deliveries, preferably taken within the same day as a current delivery operation for which the present invention is employed, can be used advantageously by the concrete monitoring system processor to reduce the risk associated with adding a higher dosage amount, and can also reduce the number of additions required to achieve a target slump value. For example, instead of 85% of the predicted dose, a higher percentage such as 95% of admixture may be administered into the concrete load, preferably just before arriving at the delivery site, so that the slump target can be reached at or moments just before the pour (discharge) time. Furthermore, larger increases in slump can be achieved. Currently, systems often increase slump at small intervals such as 25.4 or 50.8 mm (1 or 2 inches). The present invention allows accurate dosing to achieve much larger slump intervals, including slump gains larger than 101.6 mm (4 inches).
  • the second aspect of the present invention is the surprising discovery that it is more "dose efficient" (i.e., to use the smallest total amount of chemical cement dispersant admixture, over the delivery of the particular load, to achieve a given target slump at the time of discharge/pour) to add the chemical admixture as late as possible in the delivery operation. And even more surprising was the discovery that, with the same amount of concrete material (including chemical admixture) and same mixing time, the strength was improved when the admixture was added as late as possible.
  • This second aspect is better understood by comparing two cases wherein a concrete delivery truck is batched with a given concrete mix having an initial slump of 76.2 mm (3 inches).
  • the slump of the concrete mix load is increased to 203.2 mm (8 inches) initially and as quickly as possible, and subsequent additions and mixing of chemical cement dispersant admixtures are dosed into the concrete load during transit to maintain the slump at 203.2 mm (8 inches) during transit to the delivery site.
  • the slump is maintained at 76.2 mm (3 inches) for the initial phase of transit from the batch plant to the jobsite, and just before arrival at the jobsite the slump is increased suddenly towards the target slump value by addition of a majority percentage of the total chemical admixture (e.g., at least 51% of total admixture used to attain target slump value in the concrete mix load at the time of discharge/pour).
  • a majority percentage of the total chemical admixture e.g., at least 51% of total admixture used to attain target slump value in the concrete mix load at the time of discharge/pour.
  • the concrete is ready to be poured at the time of arrival. If job-site delays occur, the estimated time delay can be factored into the calculation of admixture addition by the slump monitoring system processor.
  • the PRIOR ART early addition approach (Case 1) and late addition approach of the present invention (Case 2) are comparatively illustrated in Fig. 1 .
  • the present inventors surprisingly discovered that, for the same concrete mix and target slump value, a smaller total amount of chemical cement dispersant admixture is required by the late addition approach of the present invention (Case 2) and promoted hydration which encouraged higher strength.
  • an exemplary method of the present invention for dosing a cement plasticizer chemical admixture into a concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck using a processor-controlled system and a delivery mixer truck mixer drum comprises: (A) providing a concrete mix load into the rotatable drum of a delivery truck, the concrete mix load having a known volume; (B) providing a processor-accessible database having data sets obtained from at least four doses, wherein a data set comprises a slump characteristic before the addition of a chemical admixture, a slump characteristic after the addition of a chemical admixture, the volume of chemical admixture added to achieve the change in slump characteristic, and the volume of concrete to which the chemical admixture was added, or combinations thereof; (C) monitoring the concrete mix load in the truck drum during transit at least every five minutes from at least batching until dosing of the chemical admixture using a processor unit to calculate the time-to-administer admixture dose (which is designated by t a ) for the concrete mix load
  • the present invention also provides a system for dosing a liquid plasticizer chemical admixture into a concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck using a processor-controlled system and a delivery mixer truck mixer drum, comprising: a processor unit, at least two sensors in communication with the processor unit to enable monitoring of a slump characteristic of a concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck mixer drum and to enable monitoring of at least one rotational property of the mixer drum, and a liquid dispenser control in communication with the processor unit for introducing a liquid plasticizer chemical admixture into a concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck, the processor unit being programmed to perform the method, having steps A through D, as described above.
  • cement plasticizer admixture refers to a polymeric dispersant admixture which reduces the amount of water required for achieving a certain slump or workability in a given concrete mix.
  • cement dispersant chemical admixture or “chemical admixture”
  • cement admixture refers to a polymeric dispersant admixture which reduces the amount of water required for achieving a certain slump or workability in a given concrete mix.
  • water reducers otherwise termed water reducers, have been used in the concrete industry for decades.
  • Terms such as “chemical admixture” as used herein will be understood to include so-called cement plasticizers and/or superplasticizers (the latter of which refers to replacement of larger water portions within the concrete mix).
  • slump as used herein will refer to the property of concrete workability, such as determined using the conventional vertical drop measurement of concrete using standard inverted cone; but this could also include “slump flow” whereby workability is determined using horizontal spread measurement of concrete when released from cone.
  • slump characteristic may be used also to refer to either or both of these rheological properties and to emphasize that the present invention is not limited necessarily to either slump or slump flow measurements or monitoring, but can comprehend related rheology values such as yield stress as well.
  • slump is used for sake of convenience herein in referring to concrete rheology and concrete management/monitoring systems.
  • Automated concrete slump management (monitoring) systems for managing slump or other rheological properties are commercially available, for example, from Verifi LLC, 62 Whittemore Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, which has disclosed various automated concrete monitoring methods and systems in the patent literature, such as US Patents Nos. 8020431 ; 8118473 ; 8311678 ; 8491717 ; 8727604 ; 8764273 ; 8989905 ; as well as US Serial No. 11/834,002 (Publ. No. US 2009/0037026 A1 ); US Serial No. 258,103 (Publ. No. 2012/0016523 A1 ); US Serial No. 14/052,289 (Publ. No.
  • the slump monitoring system may be based on use of a force sensor which is mounted within the drum, as taught for example in US Patent No. 8,848,061 and US Publication No. 2015/0051737 A1 of Berman (Sensocrete Inc./GCP Applied Technologies) , US Patent No. 9,199,391 of Denis Beaupre et al. (I.B.B. Rheologie Inc.) , or US Publication No. 2009/0171595 and WO 2007/060272 of Benegas .
  • the exemplary system comprises one or more processor units 6 which are electrically or wirelessly connected to receive signals from the motor or hydraulic pressure drive 3 as well as to control the speed of the motor/drive 3 which rotates the mixer drum 2.
  • the processor unit 6 is electrically or electronically connected to one or more memory locations 7, which can be used for storing program applications for monitoring and controlling the motor or hydraulic pressure drive 3 (thereby adjusting the speed of rotation of the drum 2), and the processor unit 6 is electrically connected or electronically connected to one or more dispensing systems 8 for administering water, chemical admixtures, or both into a concrete mix contained in the mixing drum 2.
  • the system 1 preferably comprises a rotational monitoring unit 5, such as gyroscopic rotational measuring device, to measure the rotation of the drum 2 during standard operation.
  • the rotational monitoring unit 5 is mounted directly onto the drum 2.
  • the unit 5 may also be mounted, such as by adhering or fastening, in or on a rotatable vessel or container at a location which is not coincidental with its rotational axis.
  • the unit 5 is mounted at a distance from its rotational axis; and greater accuracy will be provided by larger distances from the rotational axis of the rotatable drum 2.
  • the monitoring unit 5 measures the angular velocity of the drum 2.
  • the monitoring unit 5 is configured to provide an output signal corresponding to the measured angular velocity.
  • Time required to add the chemical admixture (t h ) - the time required to make the addition (dosing) of the cement plasticizer chemical admixture into the concrete may include the time it takes to pump and administer the chemical admixture into the drum, the time required to mix the chemical admixture throughout the concrete volume (to attain state of homogeneity within the concrete mix load), other time period due to meeting ASTM C94-16a (e.g., required numbers of rotation to mix in the admixture), or combinations thereof.
  • Target slump characteristic (S T ) the desired slump characteristic of the concrete at the pour time when the concrete is to be discharged.
  • the most common PRIOR ART approach to dosing chemical cement plasticizer admixtures in typical concrete delivery operations equipped with a slump monitoring system and a fluid dispensing system involves early addition of a majority percentage of the total cement plasticizer admixture dosage, as seen in the uppermost curve (Case 1).
  • Case 1 eight percent (80%) of the total chemical admixture dosage is added during the first minutes of the delivery operation to increase the slump of the concrete mix load to or towards the target slump value, which is the slump desired at pour (discharge).
  • the target slump value which is the slump desired at pour (discharge).
  • an exemplary late stage addition according to the present invention is represented by the lower curve (Case 2) in Fig. 1 , wherein it is seen that initial slump and initial addition percentage amounts of the total chemical admixture dosage are initially low; but wherein a majority percentage of the total cement plasticizer admixture dosage is added near the end of the delivery to maximize slump attainment in the concrete load just before it is discharged/poured.
  • the slump is adjusted close to and under the target slump value, and, subsequently, a small addition of plasticizer admixture can be dosed to attain target slump just before the discharge/pour event.
  • the present inventive methods and systems of the present invention employ historical data (e.g., preferably the transit slump monitoring data obtained from earlier in the day based on same concrete mix design and same truck design), the large chemical addition can be added with confidence and thereby achieve higher dosage efficiency and strength without sacrificing accuracy of the final slump.
  • historical data e.g., preferably the transit slump monitoring data obtained from earlier in the day based on same concrete mix design and same truck design
  • Fig. 3 illustrates another PRIOR ART concrete delivery process wherein the slump of the concrete load in the truck mixer drum is not monitored during transit.
  • forty percent (40%) of the total cement plasticizer admixture dosage is added into the concrete, which is transported with a slump between 50.8-101.6 mm (2-4 inches), as measured on the right vertical axis of the graph.
  • approximately sixty percent (60%) of total cement plasticizer admixture is dosed manually (not by an onboard processor-controlled concrete management system) into the concrete load at a time after the delivery truck has reached the construction delivery site.
  • the PRIOR ART delivery process illustrated in Fig. 4 employs an automated slump management system which is onboard the delivery truck, such that the incremental dose additions of liquid component (e.g., chemical admixture) can be monitored during delivery. As shown in Fig. 4 , a large portion of the total cement plasticizer admixture dosage is added during transit, as monitored by the slump management system.
  • liquid component e.g., chemical admixture
  • the slump can be maintained at a slump of 101.6 mm (four (4) inches), and sixty percent (60%) of the total chemical admixture dosage can be added using guesswork or approximation at sixty minutes, for example; but, without the benefit of the use of the process of the present invention, there still could be required up to 20 minutes after arrival at the delivery site for adjusting the concrete to the slump target value, due to the presence of a large margin for error.
  • an exemplary process and system of the present invention involves the use of a concrete slump management system (e.g., system for monitoring rheology properties including but not limited to slump, slump flow, viscosity, yield stress or combination thereof) wherein the system processor is programmed to carry out a process that involves taking the following factors into account to compute when (the time-to-administer the dosage of chemical admixture (t a )) and how much chemical cement dispersant admixture to dose into the concrete load): these include an estimated time to pour (t p ), and the time required to ensure homogeneity of the concrete load (t h ).
  • a concrete slump management system e.g., system for monitoring rheology properties including but not limited to slump, slump flow, viscosity, yield stress or combination thereof
  • the system processor is programmed to carry out a process that involves taking the following factors into account to compute when (the time-to-administer the dosage of chemical admixture (t a )) and how much chemical cement dis
  • slump management system dispenses a large portion and more preferably a majority percentage of the total cement dispersant admixture dosage amount just before arrival of the concrete load at the delivery site (before "Arrive site"), such that the slump of the delivered concrete is maximized just before delivery/pour (wherein the discharge time, or time of discharge/pour, is designated as t p ).
  • the required amount of chemical cement dispersant to be added is preferably calculated based on historical chemical dosing events knowing qualification factors such as mix design parameters (e.g. cement content) and mixer truck parameters (e.g.
  • This dosage data includes the slump before a chemical addition, the slump after a chemical addition, the volume of chemical added to achieve the slump after the chemical addition and the concrete volume to which the chemical admixture was added. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the slump value after the addition of the chemical admixture is determined after the chemical has been mixed throughout the concrete volume.
  • the data may be comprised of combinations of such data, including, for example, kg/m 3 (oz/yd 3 ) (chemical volume per concrete volume) for 25.4 mm (1") gain in slump or slump gain in millimeters (inches) per 0.037 kg/m 3 (1 oz/yd 3 ) of chemical.
  • the slope of the dose curve reflects effects of scheduled admixture dosing, and this dose curve is seen as the solid plotted line increasing in step-wise fashion along the horizontal axis (time) as sequential dosing of chemical admixture before the majority percentage dose is added into the concrete load at the point in time designated as t a , when plotted as a function of time before t a , is the cumulative dose (D c ) divided by the time interval between the time-to-administer (t a ) a majority percentage of the overall chemical admixture amount and time of batching (t b ).
  • the slope of the dose curve reflecting the admixture dosing schedule after the cumulative dose (D c ) is calculated as the dose required to increase slump (D ⁇ S ) to the target slump, divided by the amount of time between the time of pour (t p ) and the time to time-to-administer (t a ). If the slope of the curve which reflects the chemical admixture dosing schedule before the time-to-administer the admixture into the concrete load (t a ) is less than the slope of the curve after the time-to-administer (t a ), then dosage amount occurring after t a will need to be larger than occurring before t a .
  • Fig. 6 is a graph illustration of a PRIOR ART process wherein slump increase is attempted at the end of the delivery operation, but the slump target is not met at the time of discharge/pour due to variability in the slump. Admixture dosage efficiency and concrete strength are not attained.
  • the slump of the concrete load is kept at three 76.2 mm (3 inches) before the truck arrives at the site, and the time to administer (t a ) the chemical admixture dosage begins after arrival of the delivery truck at the site. This results in a time delay, which can compound delays of future deliveries.
  • Fig 7 is a graph illustration of a PRIOR ART approach wherein a majority percentage of the total overall cement dispersant admixture dosage is added into the concrete towards the beginning of the delivery operation, which results in target slump value being met within an acceptable margin of +/- 12.7mm (0.5 inch) of slump, but maximized slump (e.g., at 152.4 mm (6 inches)) is attained early and for the remainder of the transit delivery operation, which results in a less than optimal dose efficiency and strength in the concrete.
  • Fig. 8 is a block diagram which illustrates an exemplary process of the present invention.
  • Preferred processes of the invention involve the automated slump management processor performing the following procedures.
  • the processor collects data from recent historical concrete deliveries on the same truck or from similar trucks within the fleet on the same day (block 20); and, most preferably, involving deliveries occurring earlier in the day and involving the same concrete mix design; and this data is stored in processor-accessible memory (such as at a central station or in the cloud).
  • the data is stored along with certain qualifying parameters or tags, such as delivery truck type, concrete mix design, etc. (block 22) that can be retrieved and filtered by the truck system processor or other processor which is in communication with the slump management system processor (block 24).
  • the system processor or other process in communication with slump management system processor is preferably programed to calculate variation or average margin of error in the recent historical data stored in memory (block 26).
  • the margin of error can be used for calculating or scheduling the time until discharge (pour) is required (block 28).
  • the system processor considers the current slump and the target slump desired at pour, and determines the amount of water and/or chemical admixture required to increase slump of the concrete load in the truck mixer drum to the target slump (block 30), which may also incorporate the variability data calculated in block 30. If the system processor determines that it is not yet time to administer the majority percentage chemical admixture dose (block 32), then the processor returns to initial step 20 again until it is time to administer the dose (block 34).
  • the system records the response or effect of the administered chemical admixture dose upon the concrete load and stores this into processor-accessible memory (block 36) where it can be used as part of the recent historical deliveries (See block 20).
  • Fig. 9 is an illustration of components in an automated concrete slump management system 1 for accomplishing the purposes of the present invention.
  • the system for dosing a liquid cement plasticizer chemical admixture into a concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck using a processor-controlled system 1 and a delivery mixer truck mixer drum 2 (the truck is not shown), comprises: a processor unit 6, at least two sensors (5,9) in communication with the processor unit 6 to enable monitoring of the slump of the concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck mixer drum 2 and to enable monitoring of at least one rotational property of the mixer drum 2, and a liquid dispenser control 8 in communication with the processor unit 6 for introducing a liquid plasticizer chemical admixture into a concrete load contained in a delivery mixer drum 2, the processor unit 6 being programmed to perform the method as described above.
  • the senor is a hydraulic pressure sensor (designated at 9), and, more preferably, one hydraulic pressure sensor is mounted on the charge pressure port and a second hydraulic pressure sensor is mounted on the discharge pressure port of the hydraulic motor 3 used for rotating the mixer drum 2 (See e.g., US Publication No. 2014/0104972 owned by the assignee hereof, disclosing use of charge and discharge hydraulic pressure sensors).
  • a second sensor for sensing rotational states of the mixer drum is designated at 5 and is preferably based on the use of an accelerometer as taught in US Patent 8,727,604 and/or gyroscope unit as taught in WO 2014/073825 A1 .
  • the slump monitoring system may be based on use of a force sensor which is mounted within the drum, as taught for example in US Patent No. 8,848,061 and US Publication No. 2015/0051737 A1 of Berman (Sensocrete Inc./GCP Applied Technologies) , US Patent No. 9,199,391 of Denis Beaupre et al. (I.B.B. Rheologie Inc. ), or US Publication No. 2009/0171595 and WO 2007/060272 of Benegas .
  • an exemplary method of the present invention for dosing a cement plasticizer chemical admixture into a concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck using a processor-controlled system and a delivery mixer truck mixer drum comprises: (A) providing a concrete mix load into the rotatable drum of a delivery truck, the concrete mix load having a known volume; (B) providing a processor-accessible database having data sets obtained from at least four doses, wherein a data set comprises a slump characteristic (e.g., slump, slump flow, yield stress) before the addition of a chemical admixture, a slump characteristic after the addition of a chemical admixture, the volume of chemical admixture added to achieve the change in slump characteristic, and the volume of concrete to which the chemical admixture was added, or combinations thereof; (C) monitoring the concrete mix load in the truck drum during transit at least every five minutes from at least batching until dosing of the chemical admixture using a processor unit to calculate the time-to-administer admixture dose (which
  • Further exemplary methods of the invention include, in providing a processor-accessible database in Step (B), the processor-accessible database having data sets obtained from at least ten doses instead of four doses. While the invention may be carried out using data from four prior admixture doses, the present inventors prefer that more data be employed for increased accuracy.
  • the data of historic chemical admixture dosing and corresponding effect on slump characteristic can be obtained from truck-based slump monitoring system or systems during earlier deliveries on the same day, same week, or from within preceding weeks (according to preference of the slump system operator, central control manager, or programmer), preferably involving the same concrete mix, delivery truck designs and plastic properties (e.g. same air content).
  • a large construction operation may require 10, 20, 50, or 70 truckloads of concrete to be poured, such that the first ten deliveries (which could involve up to 10 different trucks which each use an automated slump monitoring system) could provide slump data, whereby a large percentage of the admixture is dosed according to the late stage addition process of the invention, but the actual amount administered is a percentage of the total calculated (85% as done at present), so that the actual slump increase is measured and the difference between predicted slump increase and actual slump increase is taken account by the slump monitoring processor for subsequent doses (within the same trucks as well as within the entire fleet of delivery trucks whose slump monitoring systems are in wireless communication with a central monitoring office or station), such that for deliveries subsequent to the tenth dosage, a larger percentage of the maximized dose (e.g., 95%) can be administered just before discharge/pour.
  • a larger percentage of the maximized dose e.g., 95%) can be administered just before discharge/pour.
  • exemplary methods of the invention include, in providing a processor-accessible database in Step (B), the processor-accessible database having data sets obtained from at least fifty doses.
  • the data sets used by the slump monitoring system processor can be filtered according to the preference of the system manager, operator, or supervisor.
  • factors that may be considered by the supervisor or manager, who is reviewing the slump monitoring system data which may be streamed into a central supervising or management office, and/or who may in turn alter the filters on the data used by the truck system processors may include but not be limited to: (a) whether the truck/mixer combination or design has a large effect on the variation of data across the delivery fleet and concrete slump data; (b) whether the aggregate used in the concrete has wide variations in clay content that such that dosage efficiency of chemical admixture dispersant (e.g., particularly of the polycarboxylate polymer type) is adversely affected; (c) whether the concrete mix designs vary so widely (e.g., between residential mix having low cement content and special commercial mix having high cement content); and (d) other conditions or factors which would suggest that certain data should be filtered out from others when deciding what historical data to use for
  • the processor-accessible database having data sets further includes information about the mix design of the concrete to which the chemical addition was made, information about the mixer drum to which the chemical addition was made, information about the mixer drive system which was used to rotate the mixer drum to which the chemical addition was made, information about the plastic concrete to which the chemical addition was made or combinations thereof.
  • the concrete mix load in the truck drum is monitored by the slump monitoring system processer at least every minute.
  • Step (C) in monitoring the concrete in Step (C), the concrete mix load in the truck drum is monitored from at least batching to discharging of the concrete.
  • Further exemplary methods include in monitoring the concrete in Step (C), Part (i), the scheduled pour time (which is represented by t p ) is the time the concrete truck arrives at the site.
  • the system processor calculates the scheduled pour time (which is represented by t p ) based on location information provided by a global positioning system (GPS) and traffic information, historical deliveries to the same job site, information received from contractors placing concrete at the jobsite or a combination thereof.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the system processor calculates the scheduled pour time (which is represented by t p ) based on information provided by contractors through a mobile device.
  • the monitoring systems used in the invention may be based on the use of hydraulic pressure, strain gauges, or mixture of both, for predicting the slump or other rheology measurement of the concrete.
  • the system processor calculates the current slump characteristic (which is designated by Sc) based on signals provided by at least one hydraulic sensor, at least one force sensor, or combination thereof.
  • the system processor calculates the dosage required to achieve the slump characteristic increase ⁇ S (which is designated by D ⁇ S ) based on the current rate of slump characteristic loss.
  • the system processor calculates the dosage required to achieve the slump increase ⁇ S (which is designated by D ⁇ S) based on the variability of the data within the datasets provided in Step (B).
  • the system processor calculates the time required to add the chemical admixture based on the time required to pump the admixture, the time required to mix chemical throughout the volume of concrete, other code requirements in accordance with ASTM C94-16a or combinations thereof.
  • the present invention also provides a system for dosing a liquid plasticizer chemical admixture into a concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck.
  • An exemplary system comprises: a processor unit, at least two sensors in communication with the processor unit to enable monitoring of the slump of concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck mixer drum and to enable monitoring of at least one rotational property of the mixer drum, and a liquid dispenser control in communication with the processor unit for introducing a liquid plasticizer chemical admixture into a concrete load contained in a delivery mixer truck, the processor unit being programmed to perform the above exemplary methods described above.
  • Protocol 1 was used on ten loads wherein the concrete was dosed with chemical admixture to achieve 203.2 mm (8 inches) slump immediately after the initial slump was confirmed with the automated slump management system. The slump was maintained at 203.2 mm (eight inches), and if the slump fell by 12.7mm (half an inch), then admixture was added automatically by the slump management system in the amount necessary to return slump to 203.2 mm (eight inches). After sixty minutes from the time the concrete achieved the initial slump, the concrete was mixed at 18 rpm for one minute and then discharged for testing. Testing included duplicate slump measurements, air content, unit weight and strength. The total dosage of chemical admixture added into the concrete was recorded.
  • Protocol 2 Six loads were dosed according to a Protocol 2. In this protocol the loads were dosed to achieve slump of 101.6 mm (4 inches) immediately after the initial slump was confirmed. The slump was maintained at 101.6 mm (4 inches) with the same 12.7mm (half-inch (1 ⁇ 2")) tolerance. After fifty minutes, some admixture amount was added so that the total dose administered by both protocols were equal. If Protocol 2 was more efficient in terms of dosage, at equal dose, the slump for Protocol 2 should be higher than Protocol 1. The concrete was mixed at 18 rpm for one minute then discharged and tested in the same manner as occurred for protocol 1.
  • the mean dose response was 0.007 ⁇ 0.0002 kg/mm (6.3 ⁇ 0.2 ounces/inch) (i.e., the weight amount of admixture necessary to achieve slump gain of 25.4mm (one inch)), while in Protocol 2 the mean dose response was 0.006 ⁇ 0.0001 kg/mm (5.4 ⁇ 0.1 ounces/inch), thus reflecting a reduction of fourteen percent (14%) in the amount of admixture required to achieve the same level of slump performance.
  • the plus/minus values represent the variance around the mean value.
  • Protocol 1 For Protocol 1, an average increase of 0.6 ⁇ 0.1% was observed, while, for Protocol 2, an average increase of 5.2 ⁇ 0.1% was observed.
  • An ANOVA shows that the means of the sets were statistically different at a significance of 5%. The plus/minus values represent the variance around the mean value.
  • the slump monitoring system will continue to maintain the slump at 76.2 mm (3") until the concrete mixer is 30 minutes from the jobsite (at which time, it will take 10 minutes to administer and mix in the chemical admixture, with five minutes to spare). This can be updated every minute, for example, to include further recent historical deliveries and changes in traffic or jobsite delays.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
EP17854058.9A 2016-09-26 2017-09-25 Pre-pour slump maximization of delivered concrete Active EP3515874B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201662399636P 2016-09-26 2016-09-26
PCT/US2017/053166 WO2018058012A1 (en) 2016-09-26 2017-09-25 Pre-pour slump maximization of delivered concrete

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BR112019005901A2 (pt) 2019-06-11
MX2019003387A (es) 2019-09-06
EP3515874A1 (en) 2019-07-31
AU2017331372A1 (en) 2019-04-04
CA3038081A1 (en) 2018-03-29
AU2017331372B2 (en) 2021-07-01
US11331828B2 (en) 2022-05-17
US20210291403A1 (en) 2021-09-23
MY197224A (en) 2023-06-06
JP6951431B2 (ja) 2021-10-20
CN110167900B (zh) 2021-07-23
CN110167900A (zh) 2019-08-23
KR20190059279A (ko) 2019-05-30
BR112019005901B1 (pt) 2022-11-01
KR102393768B1 (ko) 2022-05-04
WO2018058012A1 (en) 2018-03-29
EP3515874A4 (en) 2020-05-27
JP2019530597A (ja) 2019-10-24

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