EP3509085A1 - Électrode de concentration à expansion automatique pour photomultiplicateur et photomultiplicateur - Google Patents

Électrode de concentration à expansion automatique pour photomultiplicateur et photomultiplicateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3509085A1
EP3509085A1 EP17854332.8A EP17854332A EP3509085A1 EP 3509085 A1 EP3509085 A1 EP 3509085A1 EP 17854332 A EP17854332 A EP 17854332A EP 3509085 A1 EP3509085 A1 EP 3509085A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
focusing electrode
trigger
expansion type
automatic expansion
expandable blades
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17854332.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3509085B1 (fr
EP3509085A4 (fr
Inventor
Jianning Sun
Shuguang SI
Zhihong Wang
Qindong ZHANG
Ling REN
Dong Li
Xingchao WANG
Haiyang Xu
Aifei SHAO
Zhengjun Zhang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
North Night Vision Technology Co Ltd
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North Night Vision Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of EP3509085A1 publication Critical patent/EP3509085A1/fr
Publication of EP3509085A4 publication Critical patent/EP3509085A4/fr
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Publication of EP3509085B1 publication Critical patent/EP3509085B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/10—Dynodes

Definitions

  • the Invention relates to the technical field of microchannel plate type photomultiplier tube, and particularly to an automatic expansion type focusing electrode for photomultiplier tube and a photomultiplier tube thereof.
  • Photomultiplier tube is a photodetector which can convert weak light signals into electrical signals for output. It can be divided into dynode type photomultiplier tube and microchannel plate type photomultiplier tube based on the category of multiplier.
  • Various types of photomultiplier tubes are widely used in the fields of basic physics, high-energy gamma ray detection, telescope observation cosmic ray on the ground, double beta decay experiment, proton decay experiment, dark matter detection, neutrino detection experiment and so on.
  • the purpose of the Invention is to provide an automatic expansion type focusing electrode for photomultiplier tube with superior time response and a photomultiplier tube with the focusing electrode.
  • the Invention provides an automatic expansion type focusing electrode for photomultiplier tube, comprising a fixed hold-down mechanism, expandable blades, a trigger pedal, a trigger wire and a trigger ring, wherein:
  • the trigger pedal is located close to the bottom plate and stretches outward and is arranged to be blocked by the edge of the spherical glass shell when the focusing electrode is sealed with indium into the spherical shell to make it move in the opposite direction of the moving direction of the focusing electrode and drive the trigger wire to move synchronously to release the fastener on the trigger ring and further release the multiple expandable blades from being folded by the trigger ring, so as to make the expandable blades enter into releasable condition and rotate and position along the rotating shaft on the edge of the fixed hold-down mechanism in the presence of the pretightening force of the torsion springs and make the focusing electrode enter into an expanded condition.
  • the external diameter of the focusing electrode is smaller than 90mm when the expandable blades are in the folded condition in the initial state.
  • the external diameter of the focusing electrode is greater than 175mm when the expandable blades are in the expanded condition after being released.
  • the bottom plate is a metal plate.
  • a photomultiplier tube with automatic expansion type focusing electrode comprising:
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode also comprises a fixed hold-down mechanism, a trigger pedal, a trigger wire and a trigger ring, wherein:
  • the trigger pedal is located close to the bottom plate and stretches outward and is arranged to be blocked by the edge of the spherical glass shell when the focusing electrode is sealed with indium into the spherical shell to make it move in the opposite direction of the moving direction of the focusing electrode and drive the trigger wire to move synchronously to release the fastener on the trigger ring and further release the multiple expandable blades from being folded by the trigger ring, so as to make the expandable blades enter into a releasable condition and rotate and position along the rotating shaft on the edge of the fixed hold-down mechanism in the presence of the pretightening force of the torsion springs and make the focusing electrode enter into an expanded condition.
  • the external diameter of the focusing electrode is smaller than 90mm when the expandable blades are in the folded condition in the initial state.
  • the external diameter of the focusing electrode is greater than 175mm when the expandable blades are in the expanded condition after being released.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode is located in the interior of the high-vacuum sealed shell and between the high quantum efficiency photocathode and the electron multiplier and is used for collecting photoelectrons generated by the high quantum efficiency photocathode.
  • the high-vacuum sealed shell is made of high temperature insulating materials with high transmittance and low reflectance, with the shape of spherical structure, ellipsoidal structure with smooth transition of multiple circular arcs or cylindrical structure.
  • the high quantum efficiency photocathode is constructed as a semiconductor film plated by evaporation on the inner surface of the high-vacuum sealed shell that converts photons into electrons.
  • the electron multiplier uses microchannel plates as its multiplier elements and the two microchannel plates are connected in series and under superposition, and the working voltage is loaded respectively.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode and the photomultiplier tube of the Invention have significant beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
  • the Invention provides a photomultiplier tube with automatic expansion type focusing electrode comprising a high-vacuum sealed shell 101, an automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102, a high quantum efficiency photocathode 103, an electron multiplier 104 and a lead wire system (including connecting structure) 105.
  • the high-vacuum sealed shell 101 keeps the interior of the photomultiplier tube under ultra-high vacuum condition and acts as the attached substrate for the photocathode 103.
  • High quantum efficiency photocathode 103 is plated by evaporation on the specific area (for example, the upper part) of the inner surface of the high-vacuum sealed shell 101.
  • the photocathode converts the photon into electrons.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 acts as the collector of the photomultiplier tube and is used to collect and multiply the electrons generated by the high quantum efficiency photocathode to the electron multiplier.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 is in the folded condition in the initial state (i.e., before expansion), and the focusing electrode is triggered by the high-vacuum sealed shell 101 (i.e. the glass shell) at the final sealing to expand within the glass shell, so as to realize the expansion of the focusing electrode towards the radial dimension, and further improve the collection ability of the focusing electrode to electrons and the time response.
  • the high-vacuum sealed shell 101 i.e. the glass shell
  • the electron multiplier 104 is connected to the bottom of the focusing electrode 102 to multiply and output the electrons collected by the focusing electrode 102.
  • the electron multiplier 104 adopts a multiplier mechanism with at least two microchannel plates connected in series.
  • the lead wire system 105 acts as the supporting part of the automatic expandable focusing electrode and the electron multiplier, and simultaneously extracts the electrons multiplied by the electron multiplier.
  • the high quantum efficiency photocathode 103, the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 and the electron multiplier 104 are all placed in the glass vacuum vessel, i.e. the high-vacuum sealed shell 101.
  • the high-vacuum sealed shell 101 is made of high temperature insulating materials with high transmittance and low reflectance, with the shape of spherical structure, "ellipsoidal" structure with smooth transition of multiple circular arcs or cylindrical structure.
  • the present embodiment illustrates the Invention in detail with an ellipsoidal glass vacuum vessel 101.
  • the interior of the shell is under ultra-high vacuum condition and is composed of a spherical part and a transitional sealing part.
  • the high quantum efficiency photocathode 103 is a semiconductor film plated by evaporation on the inner surface of the high-vacuum sealed shell that converts photons into electrons.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102, the electron multiplier 104 and the lead wire system 105 are connected into a whole, which is then sealed into the glass vacuum vessel 101 through indium sealing. After sealing, the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 is on the central axis of the glass vacuum vessel 101 and under the center of the ellipsoid, and the electron multiplier 104 is under the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102, which are connected together through welding.
  • the lead wire system 105 runs through the electron multiplier 104 to extract the electrodes to be loaded with voltage to the outside of the glass vacuum vessel 101 to facilitate the loading of voltage.
  • the electron multiplier 104 uses microchannel plates as its multiplier elements and the two microchannel plates are connected in series and under superposition, and the working voltage is loaded respectively.
  • Fig. 1 voltage is loaded onto the photomultiplier tube in accordance with the operation requirements when the whole photomultiplier tube is in operation.
  • the photocathode converts the photon into electron.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 collects the converted electrons onto the electron multiplier 104, which multiplies the electrons.
  • the multiplied electrons are extracted to the outside of the photomultiplier tube through the connection and the lead wire system 105. After reading and processing of the signals, it is possible to detect the weak photon.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 is used for collecting photoelectrons generated by the high quantum efficiency photocathode and is located in the interior of the high-vacuum sealed shell.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 is automatically triggered to expand towards the radial dimension when sealed with indium to the transitional sealing part.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 has multiple expandable blades 201 which can expand after being triggered; the multiple expandable blades 201 have two conditions: the folded condition in an annular shape with blades being held down and the expanded condition with blades expanding towards the radial dimension of the focusing electrode; in the expanded condition, the multiple expandable blades are tensioned and positioned with help of the torsion springs.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 comprises multiple expandable blades 201, a fixed hold-down mechanism 202, a trigger pedal 203, a trigger wire 204 and a trigger ring 205.
  • the fixed hold-down mechanism 202 comprises an annular bottom plate 202A and torsion springs 202B and rotating shafts 202C arranged on the bottom plate, wherein the torsion springs are wound around the rotating shafts.
  • the expandable blades 201 are arranged along the edge of the bottom plate and can be mounted around the rotating shafts in a rotating manner.
  • the expandable blades 201 are fixed vertically over the bottom plate in the initial state, held down by the trigger ring 205 to be folded together in an annular shape and to present in a folded condition.
  • the torsion springs 202B are arranged one-to-one with the expandable blades 201, with one end of each torsion spring fixed to the expandable blade and the other end to the bottom plate.
  • Each torsion spring has the tendency to make the expandable blades expand towards the radial dimension of the focusing electrode and can provide a pretightening force.
  • the trigger pedal 203, the trigger wire 204 and the trigger ring 205 constitute an automatic trigger mechanism.
  • One end of the trigger wire 204 is fixed to the trigger pedal 203 and the other end to the trigger ring 205.
  • the trigger pedal 203 is arranged to drive the trigger wire 204 to move when being triggered so as to release the multiple expandable blades 201 from the folded condition due to being held down by the trigger ring 205 and to enter into an expanded condition by the pretightening force from the torsion springs 202B.
  • the trigger pedal 203 is located close to the bottom plate and stretches outward and is arranged to be blocked by the edge of the spherical glass shell when the focusing electrode is sealed with indium into the spherical shell (i.e.
  • the glass vacuum vessel 101 to make it move in the opposite direction of the moving direction of the focusing electrode and drive the trigger wire 204 to move synchronously to release the fastener on the trigger ring 205 and further release the multiple expandable blades 201 from being folded by the trigger ring, so as to make the expandable blades enter into releasable condition and rotate and position along the rotating shaft on the edge of the fixed hold-down mechanism in the presence of the pretightening force of the torsion springs 202B and make the focusing electrode enter into an expanded condition.
  • the external diameter of the focusing electrode is smaller than 90mm when the expandable blades are in the folded condition in the initial state.
  • the external diameter of the focusing electrode is greater than 175mm when the expandable blades are in the expanded condition after being released.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 has two conditions: folded condition (as shown in Fig. 2A ) and expanded condition (as shown in Fig. 2B ).
  • the folded condition the expandable blades 201 are folded by the trigger ring 205 and are fixed vertically over the fixed hold-down mechanism 202.
  • the external diameter of the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 is smaller than 90mm.
  • the bottom end of the glass vacuum vessel 101 will touch the trigger pedal 203, and the trigger pedal 203 will pull down the trigger wire 204 connected with it, thereby unlocking the fastener of the trigger ring 205.
  • the expandable blades 201 are released from being folded by the trigger ring 205, and the expandable blades 201 are made to rotate and position along the rotating shaft on the edge of the fixed hold-down mechanism 202 in the presence of the force of the torsion springs on the fixed hold-down mechanism 202, thus making the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 to enter into an expanded condition.
  • the external diameter of the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 is greater than 175mm.
  • Fig. 3 is the diagram for the connection between the electron multiplier 104 and the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 according to the present invention.
  • the electron multiplier 104 is mainly composed of a multiplier element and an electron collecting structure.
  • the embodiment illustrates the Invention in detail with two microchannel plates under superposition as a multiplier element, but it does not act as the limitation to the implementation of the Invention.
  • the microchannel plate 1301 is located at the center under the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102
  • the microchannel plate 2302 is located under the microchannel plate 1301, and the two microchannel plates are used under superposition to achieve a gain above 1 ⁇ 107.
  • the electrons converge on the anode strip 303 after being amplified by the two microchannel plates, thereby facilitating the extraction, reading and processing of subsequent signals.
  • the position of the electron multiplier 104 and the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 is shown in Fig. 3 .
  • the electron multiplier 104 is under the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102, and the two components are connected together through spot welding. At this time, the multiplier element is in the lower central of the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102, which facilitates to converge and multiply the electrons collected onto its upper surface.
  • Fig. 4 is the diagram for the connection between the electron multiplier 104 and the lead wire system 105 according to the present invention.
  • the lead wire system 105 is primarily used to extract the relevant electrodes to be loaded with voltage of the electron multiplier 104 and the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 and at the same time to extract the signals on the anode strip 303.
  • the lead wire system 105 mainly comprises the following: the input electrode 401 of the microchannel plate 1, the output electrode 402 of the microchannel plate 1, the input electrode 407 of the microchannel plate 2, the output electrode 408 of the microchannel plate 2, the anode output electrode 403, the output electrode 406 of the expandable focusing electrode, the transitional fastener 404 and the indium sealed lower kovar disc 405. Voltage can be loaded separately to each electrode extracted.
  • These input and output electrodes can be realized by adopting existing ways and will not be described in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the diagram for the process of indium sealing according to the present invention.
  • the process of indium sealing is to seal the indium sealed upper kovar disc 501 and the indium sealed lower kovar disc 405 by using indium-tin alloy 502 as the sealing solder, so as to ensure that the interior of the glass vacuum vessel 101 is in a high-vacuum condition.
  • the whole indium sealing process of the photomultiplier tube in the present invention is carried out automatically in the chamber of ultra-high vacuum equipment.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102, the electron multiplier 104 and the lead wire system 105 are connected into a whole, which is located under the glass vacuum vessel 101.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 is in the folded condition.
  • the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102, the electron multiplier 104 and the lead wire system 105, as a whole, is called as the tube-core assembly.
  • the tube-core assembly begins to rise.
  • the tube-core assembly and the high-vacuum sealed shell 101 are sealed together in vacuum equipment in a fully automatic manner.
  • the trigger mechanism of the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 is triggered, thus realizing the expansion of the automatic expansion type focusing electrode 102 as well as the expansion towards the radial dimension of the focusing electrode.

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  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
EP17854332.8A 2016-09-28 2017-01-21 Électrode de concentration à expansion automatique pour photomultiplicateur et photomultiplicateur Active EP3509085B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610855953.5A CN106449346B (zh) 2016-09-28 2016-09-28 用于光电倍增管的自动扩张聚焦极及光电倍增管
PCT/CN2017/071996 WO2018058871A1 (fr) 2016-09-28 2017-01-21 Électrode de concentration à expansion automatique pour photomultiplicateur et photomultiplicateur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3509085A1 true EP3509085A1 (fr) 2019-07-10
EP3509085A4 EP3509085A4 (fr) 2020-05-06
EP3509085B1 EP3509085B1 (fr) 2021-10-06

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EP17854332.8A Active EP3509085B1 (fr) 2016-09-28 2017-01-21 Électrode de concentration à expansion automatique pour photomultiplicateur et photomultiplicateur

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EP (1) EP3509085B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6576598B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106449346B (fr)
WO (1) WO2018058871A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111883412A (zh) * 2020-07-23 2020-11-03 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 用于微通道板型光电倍增管的聚焦极与光电倍增管

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109065434B (zh) * 2018-07-11 2024-04-05 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 一种聚焦扫描型光电倍增管
CN109166783B (zh) * 2018-07-23 2020-05-08 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 用于光电倍增管的自动扩张聚焦极及光电倍增管
CN110211861A (zh) * 2019-06-17 2019-09-06 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 用于光电倍增管的双聚焦极及光电倍增管
CN111261490B (zh) * 2020-03-31 2022-07-08 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 用于光电倍增管的球形倍增器及光电倍增管
CN113555271B (zh) * 2021-05-21 2024-04-19 闫琪明 一种光电倍增管用密封防水器

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US4855642A (en) * 1988-03-18 1989-08-08 Burle Technologies, Inc. Focusing electrode structure for photomultiplier tubes
JP3392240B2 (ja) * 1994-11-18 2003-03-31 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 電子増倍管
CN103915311B (zh) * 2014-03-20 2017-01-18 中国科学院高能物理研究所 一种静电聚焦微通道板光电倍增管
CN203863575U (zh) * 2014-05-26 2014-10-08 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 一种光电倍增管的外壳定位夹具
CN105570750A (zh) * 2016-01-04 2016-05-11 东南大学 照明范围可调控型台灯

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111883412A (zh) * 2020-07-23 2020-11-03 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 用于微通道板型光电倍增管的聚焦极与光电倍增管
CN111883412B (zh) * 2020-07-23 2022-11-29 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 用于微通道板型光电倍增管的聚焦极与光电倍增管

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3509085B1 (fr) 2021-10-06
WO2018058871A1 (fr) 2018-04-05
EP3509085A4 (fr) 2020-05-06
CN106449346A (zh) 2017-02-22
CN106449346B (zh) 2017-12-26
JP2019533275A (ja) 2019-11-14
JP6576598B1 (ja) 2019-09-18

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