Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
  • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
  • A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
  • A45D20/04—Hot-air producers
  • A45D20/08—Hot-air producers heated electrically
  • A45D20/10—Hand-held drying devices, e.g. air douches
  • A45D20/12—Details thereof or accessories therefor, e.g. nozzles, stands
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H3/00—Air heaters
  • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
  • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
  • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
  • F24H3/0423—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between hand-held air guns
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
  • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
  • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
  • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
  • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/247—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for portable devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers, hand tools or pacemakers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/284—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
  • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
  • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
  • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
  • H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
  • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
  • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
  • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
  • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
  • A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
  • A45D20/04—Hot-air producers
  • A45D20/08—Hot-air producers heated electrically
  • A45D20/10—Hand-held drying devices, e.g. air douches
  • A45D20/12—Details thereof or accessories therefor, e.g. nozzles, stands
  • A45D2020/126—Stands therefor
  • A45D2020/128—Stands therefor involving features of the hand-held hair dryer
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
  • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
  • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to the field of electric handheld hair dryers, and specifically to a battery operated handheld hair dryer.
• hair dryers also called “blow dryers” are well known.
• Typical handheld hair dryers blow ambient air or heated air over damp hair to accelerate the evaporation of water particles, thereby drying the hair more quickly than it would dry on its own.
• Typical hair dryers are powered by electricity from the power grid, that is, they are almost always plugged into a wall socket to get power.
• Typical hair dryers include two key components: a fan and a heating element downstream from the fan that selectively heats air as it is blown past by the fan.
• the first handheld, household hair dryers were introduced in the first half of the 20 th century, and have only changed slightly in almost 100 years.
• Hair dryer performance can be measured a number of different ways, but the most common measurements include air flow rate, velocity of the air as it leaves the hair dryer, and how much the air temperature increases relative to the ambient air temperature.
• Existing hair dryers include a fan and at least one electric heating coil.
• the electric heating coils generate heat through the process of resistive heating. Electric current passing through the heating element is resisted by a coil of wire that results in the generation of heat.
• Resistance heating elements are typically made of wire or ribbon that may be straight, coiled, or formed into any other suitable shape. Resistive heating elements demand large amounts of electric current to generate heat sufficient to dry hair. As a result, hair dryers that use resistive heating elements have historically not been well suited to be powered by batteries.
• Typical hair dryers also include switches that allow a user to control basic functions of the hair dryer.
• typical hair dryers may include "hi” “low” and “off settings for heat, and a “hi” and “low” setting for the fan.
• the aforementioned basic settings are adequate for hair dryers that draw electricity from the power grid, and until now there has been little motivation to better optimize performance of the hair dryer from the perspective of maintaining battery charge.
• the present invention relates to a battery operated hair dryer.
• the hair dryer has a housing which contains all of the components of the hair dryer.
• a battery pack including at least one battery cell is included in the housing and is electrically connected to a battery management and control module.
• the hair dryer also includes at least one switch to control the operation of the hair dryer.
• a heating assembly is disposed within the housing and includes a fan attached to an electric motor.
• the heating assembly also includes at least one heating element.
• the motor is driven by electrical current from the battery pack and turns the fan, which draws ambient air into an inlet and expels air through an outlet.
• the heating element is positioned such that air passing through the heating assembly may be heated to a temperature greater than the ambient air
• the battery management and control module is electrically connected to the heating assembly and adjusts the amount of current delivered from the battery pack to the fan and the heating element so that the drying performance of the hair dryer is optimized, while maintaining the charge and health of the battery pack.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a battery operated hair dryer in accordance with the invention.
• FIG. 2 is side view of the battery operated hair dryer of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the battery operated hair dryer of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 4 is a front view of the battery operated hair dryer of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 5 is a section view of the battery operated hair dryer of FIG. 1 taken generally along the line 5-5 in FIG. 4;
• FIG. 6 is a detail view taken generally along the line 6-6 in FIG. 5 showing a light ring and outlet grille
• FIG. 7 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a heating assembly in accordance with the invention.
• FIG. 8 is another perspective view of the heating assembly of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the heating assembly of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the heating assembly of FIG. 6 with a duct removed so the heating coil is visible;
• FIG. 11 is another perspective view of the heating assembly of FIG. 6 with the duct removed so the heating coil is visible;
• FIG. 12 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a battery pack in accordance with the invention.
• FIG. 13 is another perspective view of the battery pack of FIG. 11;
• FIG. 14 is a perspective view of one embodiment of battery cells, a battery management module, and a switch module in accordance with the invention.
• FIG. 15 is a front view of one embodiment of a battery operated hair dryer in accordance with the invention.
• FIG. 16 is a side section view of the battery operated hair dryer of FIG. 15, taken generally along the line 16-16 in FIG. 15;
• FIG. 17 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a heating module for the battery operated hair dryer of FIG. 14.
• FIG. 18 is another perspective view of the heating module of FIG. 15.
• Hair dryer 10 includes a main housing 20 that encloses all of the components of the hair dryer.
• FIGS. 1-2 show hair dryer 10 resting in an optional storage cradle 12, that provides support to the hair dryer when it is not in use, allowing the hair dryer to occupy a minimal amount of counter space.
• storage cradle 12 may also provide power to hair dryer 10 when the hair dryer is stored in the storage cradle.
• Hair dryer 10 includes three subsystems enclosed in main housing 20 that enable the hair dryer to function: (1) a battery pack 16, (2) a battery management and control module 40, and (3) a heating assembly 50.
• main housing 20 defines an enclosure that encloses all of the components of the hair dryer 10.
• battery pack 16 is located in a bottom section 32 of main housing 20.
• part of battery pack 16 is also located in a middle section 42, which also includes control switches 44 and a battery indicator 38.
• Heating assembly 50 is located in a top section 52 of main housing 20.
• Heating assembly 50 includes at least one heating element 54, at least one fan 56, and other components that will be described in detail below.
• battery management and control module 40 is disposed substantially between top section 52 and middle section 42.
• battery management and control module 40 comprises a printed circuit board that creates a physical barrier between the top section 52 and the middle section 42.
• battery management and control module 40 creates a barrier between top section 52 and middle section 42 in the present embodiment, other means of separating the top section and the middle section may alternatively be used without departing from the invention.
• it may also be desirable to direct air through middle section 42 and bottom section 32 to improve battery performance or for any other purpose.
• main housing 20 includes a base 22, an outlet 25 (see FIG.
• An optional grip 34 is also shown that may be overmolded onto back cover 33 or otherwise attached to the back cover.
• grip 34 is made of silicone, but any suitable material may be used without departing from the invention.
• Grip 34 provides a non-slippery surface that helps a user securely hold onto hair dryer 10, particularly with wet hands.
• a flexible switch cover 36 is also attached to back cover 33.
• switch cover 36 is made of a unitary piece of flexible material. Alternative embodiments may include different switch covers or switch configurations without departing from the invention.
• a battery indicator 38 is located below flexible switch cover 36 (see FIG. 14).
• battery indicator 38 may be located at any other suitable location without departing from the invention.
• Battery indicator 38 displays the level of charge of the battery pack 16.
• Battery indicator 38 may display charge in any suitable way without departing from the invention.
• battery indicator 38 may change color depending on whether the battery is being charged or if the battery charge is low.
• battery indicator 38 may be comprised of multiple LED' s that selectively illuminate depending on the level of charge.
• FIGS. 4-5 the packaging of the internal components of battery operated hair dryer 10 are shown. As shown, heating assembly 50 is included inside top section 52. Control switches 44 and part of battery pack 16 are included in middle section 42. Battery management and control module 40 is included between top section 52 and middle section 42. Finally, part of the battery pack 16 is also included in bottom section 32.
• FIG. 6 is a detail section view showing the positioning of light ring 26 in relation to outlet 25 and retention ring 30.
• retention ring 30 is snap fit onto outlet 25, but any suitable means of attachment may be used without departing from the invention.
• Light ring 26 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) 25 distributed around the ring.
• LEDs 25 may selectively illuminate while the battery operated hair dryer is in operation or at any other desired time.
• the LEDs 25 may be able to produce a variety of desired colors and may also be able to selectively flash or otherwise illuminate in any desired configuration.
• light ring 26 may illuminate red when hair dryer 10 is in operation and is heating air.
• Heating assembly 50 includes a heating element 54, a fan 56, fan housing 58, duct 60, duct support guides 62, intake 64, and a motor 66.
• Heating assembly 50 is disposed within top section 52 of main housing 20.
• heating element 54 is a resistive heating coil, but any suitable heating element may be used without departing from the invention.
• Motor 66 is a brushless three-phase motor, which is a very energy efficient motor, has decreased vibration compared to other motors, and the speed of the motor can be precisely modulated between 0-100% to optimize performance and energy consumption as needed.
• stator vanes 57 are included in fan housing 58 and duct 60. Stator vanes 57 direct air coming off of fan 56 and directs it toward heating element 54.
• duct 60 also includes duct support guides 62, which further prevent air from swirling through duct 60. In some embodiments it may be desirable to only have stator vanes 57 without duct support guides 62 or vice versa. Furthermore, alternative embodiments may do away with both the stator vanes 57 and the duct support guides 62 without departing from the invention.
• battery management and control module 40 is positioned between battery pack 16 and heating assembly 50.
• Battery management and control module 40 includes at least one microprocessor 46 and a storage device 48.
• Battery management and control module 40 includes a battery management system 68 (BMS) that balances the voltage between the battery cells 18 and controls the charging and discharging of battery pack 16.
• BMS 68 continuously measures the voltage of each battery cell 18.
• BMS 68 monitors the temperature of each battery cell 18 via a plurality of temperature sensors 70 that are placed strategically throughout battery pack 16. The BMS 68 takes the temperature information provided by temperature sensors 70 and, combined with the voltage measurements from each cell, determines the condition of battery pack 16 in terms of both state of charge and state of health.
• State of charge is measured as a percentage, zero to 100%, whereas state of health measures the amount of recoverable capacity battery pack 16 has in comparison to its beginning of life condition. It is well known in the art that the ability of a battery to maintain a charge degrades over time. BMS 68 analyzes state of charge and state of health information before deciding how much safe, allowable current can be discharged or charged at any given time to ensure that battery pack 16 stays within its degradation limits and/or expected use life.
• BMS performs a balancing function by controlling the discharge path across any given battery cell to bleed off extra charge.
• BMS 68 ensures that the battery cells 18 remain balanced throughout the life of battery pack 16.
• BMS 68 In addition to balancing battery cells 18 as described above, BMS 68 also controls the charging and discharging of battery pack 16 so that it is done in a controlled and safe manner. Charging and discharging battery pack 16 and similar batteries presents numerous safety concerns. For example, uncontrolled charging of battery pack 16 may result in an over-voltage condition in one or more battery cells 18 that could result in over-heating or fire, in extreme cases. On the opposite end of the spectrum, uncontrolled discharge of battery pack 16 is also problematic. Uncontrolled discharge of battery pack 16 may result in an under-voltage condition that, on its own, is not dangerous. However, if a user were then to attempt to charge an under-voltage battery cell 18, it could result in premature battery pack 18 degradation, over-heating, or fire. To prevent such unsafe conditions, BMS 68 continuously monitors the voltage in battery cells 18 and includes voltage cut-offs for both over and under voltage conditions in battery cells 18 and battery pack 16.
• BMS 68 "knows" how much energy is present in battery pack 16 and can adjust and modify the heating and blowing profile of the hair dryer to ensure that the hair dryer performs optimally given the amount of charge present in the battery pack.
• BMS 68 may adjust the performance of hair dryer 10 in any other desired manner without departing from the invention.
• FIGS. 12 and 13 show battery pack 16 in greater detail.
• battery pack 16 is a rechargeable lithium-ion battery comprising eight (8) individual battery cells 18. Battery pack 16 is electrically connected to battery
• management and control module 40 which controls how electricity is drawn from battery pack 16 as well as how the battery pack is charged.
• battery pack 16 may include more or less battery cells 18 in any suitable configuration, and may also use any suitable battery type without departing from the invention.
• Each battery cell 18 includes two terminals 19, which extend from one end of each battery cell.
• the terminals 19 extend through terminal slots 72 in a terminal consolidation board 74.
• terminal consolidation board 74 is a printed circuit board, but any suitable substrate may be used without departing from the invention.
• Terminals 19 are in electrical contact with terminal slots 72, which allow for the movement of terminals 19 due to any expansion or contraction of battery cells 18.
• Terminal consolidation board 74 electrically combines battery cells 18 into battery pack 16, which minimizes the necessary connections between battery pack 16 and BMS 68.
• battery pack 16 includes two terminal consolidation boards 74, 75, which are electrically connected to each other.
• battery pack 16 is electrically connected to BMS 68.
• battery pack 16 further includes a charging port 76, into which a user may insert a charging cable 78 to charge the battery pack as needed.
• Charging port 76 may be any suitable port including, but not limited to a USB port.
• battery pack 16 may be capable of wireless, or inductive charging, negating the need for charging port 76.
• battery operated hair dryer may include at least one solar cell, which would use solar energy to charge battery pack 16. Solar charging would be particularly advantageous if hair dryer 10 were to be used where there is no access to a charging source, such as a campsite.
• battery management and control module 40 may also optimize performance of battery operated hair dryer 10 in a wide variety of ways.
• Battery management and control module 40 has the capability to control fan speed and heating output in any desirable way.
• battery management and control module 40 optimizes the performance of hair dryer 10 so that the user will be satisfied with the hair drying performance.
• the application of heat is highest at the beginning of the drying cycle because the hair is typically wettest at that point.
• the heat output may reduce without degrading performance because the hair will not be as wet and because decreasing the temperature will avoid damaging the hair.
• Additional drying profiles may be stored on storage device 48. Such additional drying profiles may be pre-loaded onto storage device 48, may be "learned" by battery management and control module 40 by analyzing how a user uses hair dryer 10, may be programmed by a user, or may be created by any other desired means without departing from the invention.
• Battery management and control module 40 is a necessary component to enable the use of batteries to power a hair dryer. As a result, the presence of an intelligent control module opens the possibilities to what can be done with a hair dryer.
• temperature sensors 80 See FIGS. 3 and 5 may be included near intake 64 and near outlet 25. Temperature sensors 80 would measure ambient temperature in the room and be able to compare that data to the temperature of the air exiting hair dryer 10. Depending on the difference in air temperature at intake 64 and outlet 25, battery management and control module 40 can optimize the amount of current that passes through heating element 54, or can adjust the speed of fan 56 as desired.
• Battery operated hair dryer 10 may include additional environmental sensors including, but not limited to, humidity sensors, an infrared thermometer to measure hair or skin temperature, or any other desired sensor. Furthermore, additional components may be included in hair dryer 10 and connected to battery management and control module 40. For example, a camera could be included near the outlet 25, which would allow battery management and control module 40 to analyze and learn the user's hair type, length, etc. and automatically adjust the fan speed or heat output to most efficiently dry the user's hair. Hair dryer 10 may also include at least one Bluetooth radio 82, wi-fi antenna 84, or other means to connect the hair dryer to the internet or to an internet connected device such as a smartphone or tablet computer.
• additional environmental sensors including, but not limited to, humidity sensors, an infrared thermometer to measure hair or skin temperature, or any other desired sensor.
• additional components may be included in hair dryer 10 and connected to battery management and control module 40. For example, a camera could be included near the outlet 25, which would allow battery management and control module 40 to analyze and learn the user's hair type,
• the battery management and control module 40 could control the hair dryer based on any number of external factors. Taken to the extreme, hair dryer 10 could optimize performance, based on time of day, location, local weather etc. Furthermore, if the user has a connected device in their home such as a thermostat, hair dryer 10 could obtain temperature and/or humidity data from the thermostat to determine the optimal fan speed and temperature to dry the user' s hair.
• a microphone and speaker may be included in housing 20.
• the microphone and speaker may be used for any purpose including, but not limited to producing sound to actively cancel noise produced by hair dryer 10.
• the microphone picks up noise produced by the hair dryer.
• battery management and control module 40 creates a noise-cancelling wave that is 180° out of phase with the noise produced by the hair dryer.
• the noise-cancelling wave effectively cancels out the noise of hair dryer 10, greatly improving the user experience.
• the speaker may also be used to play music or make any other desired sound.
• Battery operated hair dryer 200 is similar in many ways to the previously described embodiment, except battery operated hair dryer 200 includes a heating assembly 210 that heats the air using at least one peltier device 212 rather than a resistive heater.
• Peltier devices also known as thermoelectric generators, are well known in the art. Peltier devices comprise an array of alternating n- and p- type semiconductors. The array of elements is soldered between two ceramic plates, electrically in series and thermally in parallel. When a current passes through one or more pairs of elements from n- to p-type, there is a decrease in temperature at the junction (the "cold side"), resulting in absorption of heat from the environment.
• That heat is carries along the elements by electron transport and are released on the opposite ("hot") side as the electrons move from a high to low energy state.
• Typical single stage peltier devices are capable of producing temperature differences between the hot and cold side of around 70 degrees Celsius (158 degrees Fahrenheit).
• peltier devices 212 each have a hot side 214 and a cold side 216.
• a plurality of heat sinks 218 are thermally connected to the peltier devices 212.
• Upstream from heating assembly 210 is a motor 220 attached to a fan 221 that blows air over and through the heating assembly.
• an exit duct 222 funnels heated air that has passed through heating assembly 210 toward and out outlet grille 28. Air that passes around heating assembly 210 is cooled as it passes through heat sinks 218. The cool air cannot exit hair dryer 200 through outlet grille 28 because it is blocked by exit duct 222. Rather, the cooled air is directed elsewhere, and may be directed toward battery pack 16 to aid in cooling the battery pack.
• alternative configurations of peltier devices and heat sinks may be used without departing from the invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Cleaning And Drying Hair (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

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• 2018
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