EP3504181A1 - Mousse souple ou semi flexible comprenant un polyol polyester - Google Patents
Mousse souple ou semi flexible comprenant un polyol polyesterInfo
- Publication number
- EP3504181A1 EP3504181A1 EP17768870.2A EP17768870A EP3504181A1 EP 3504181 A1 EP3504181 A1 EP 3504181A1 EP 17768870 A EP17768870 A EP 17768870A EP 3504181 A1 EP3504181 A1 EP 3504181A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flexible
- semi
- foam
- acid
- polyol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 265
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 102
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 98
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 45
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- -1 araditol Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OXQKEKGBFMQTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-glycero-D-gluco-heptitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO OXQKEKGBFMQTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- JVWLUVNSQYXYBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ribitol Natural products OCC(C)C(O)C(O)CO JVWLUVNSQYXYBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N galactitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N ribitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OXQKEKGBFMQTML-KVTDHHQDSA-N volemitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO OXQKEKGBFMQTML-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960000250 adipic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCO GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BTZVDPWKGXMQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BTZVDPWKGXMQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960005150 glycerol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005137 succinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002255 azelaic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 52
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 40
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 36
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 36
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 31
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 29
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 20
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 12
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical class CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 description 12
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCC(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)CCl)OC(C)CCl KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 6
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical class C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000497 foam cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEGNUYASOUJEHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCCC1 QEGNUYASOUJEHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQSDFFOWTZMEOG-XYWBGOCDSA-N C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.C(CCCCCCCCCO)O.C(CCCCCCCCCO)O Chemical group C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.C(CCCCCCCCCO)O.C(CCCCCCCCCO)O HQSDFFOWTZMEOG-XYWBGOCDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXDMOXWDLWPGSB-XYWBGOCDSA-N C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.C(CCCCCCCO)O.C(CCCCCCCO)O Chemical group C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCCCC(=O)O)(=O)O.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.C(CCCCCCCO)O.C(CCCCCCCO)O QXDMOXWDLWPGSB-XYWBGOCDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GGNQRNBDZQJCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4-triol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 GGNQRNBDZQJCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)N=C=O)=C1 AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGHSXKTVMPXHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 VGHSXKTVMPXHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/34—Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/4244—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
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- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
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- C08G63/672—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/005—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light, ozone
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0016—Foam properties semi-rigid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flexible or semi-flexible polyurethane foam comprising a polyester polyol which can be of biobased origin.
- PUs Polyurethanes
- Scheme 1 Polyurethanes
- PUs are polyvalent polymers obtained by the reaction between a polyol and a polyisocyanate (Scheme 1, a).
- Scheme 1 Polyisocyanate
- PUs are used in automobiles, furniture, construction, footwear, acoustic and thermal insulation. With global production of 18 Mt in 2016, PUs rank 6th in terms of annual global polymer production.
- Flexible foams represent the largest PU market with more than 1600 kt produced in Europe in 201 1.
- PU foams are made from polyols, polyisocyanates, blowing agents, surfactants, and various catalysts to obtain a chemically cellular material. reticle. Two types of blowing agents are used in the synthesis of PU foams: chemical blowing agents and physical blowing agents.
- Chemical blowing agents are compounds that react chemically in the foaming process to release gases.
- the water reacts with the isocyanate function to form urea and releases one mole of CO2 per mole of water (Scheme 1, b).
- Physical blowing agents are compounds having a low boiling point, there may be mentioned isopentane derivatives, which evaporate during the exothermic foaming process.
- flexible and semi-flexible PU foams are obtained from low hydroxyl polyol (OHV ⁇ 100 mg KOH / g) and high number average molecular weight (Mn) value (3000 g / mol). ⁇ Mn ⁇ 6,000 g / mol), in order to increase the flexibility and reduce the crosslinking of the material.
- Semi-flexible foams are a very important part of PU foams. They are a solution of interest to the problems of our modern societies such as noise pollution, moreover, their open-cell structure is permeable to moisture. Permeable materials are in high demand in the insulation industry to prevent moisture build-up and mold growth. These materials generally have low bulk density, low thermal conductivity and, therefore, are inexpensive materials. This means that semi-flexible sheet foams are versatile insulation materials: acoustic and thermal.
- the properties of flexible and semi-flexible PU foams come from the phase separation of the rigid and flexible domains.
- Flexible domains are extensible chains, mainly provided by the polyols, which confer the elasticity of the material.
- the hard segments are described as a rigid structure that is physically cross-linked by polyol or by using an excess of polyisocyanate.
- the excess of polyisocyanate leads to an increase in the biure bond (Scheme 1, d), allophanate bond (Scheme 1, c) or the isocyanurate bond (Scheme 1, e).
- the hard segment is also obtained from a chain extender and an isocyanate.
- Another way to improve the rigidity of the hard segments is to increase the low interchain forces in the rigid domain by introducing polar groups such as urea. The presence of urea leads to the increase of the amount of hydrogen bonds and the softening temperature.
- Sorbitol is one of those elements of interest that was cited as one of the top 12 value-added chemicals from biomass by the US Department of Energy in 2004 and more recently in a list updated by Bozell JJ et al. in 2010 (J. J. Bozell, G. R. Petersen, Technology Development for the Production of Biobased Products from Biorefinery Carbohydrates - US Department of Energy's "Top 10" revisited, Green Chem 12 (2010) 539).
- Sorbitol has a high functionality. It is a crystalline sugar alcohol bearing two primary hydroxyl groups and four secondary hydroxyl groups, which is convenient for chemical modification and its use in polyurethane chemistry. It is important to control the modification of sorbitol polyol.
- the polyol functionality, the OH number and the viscosity of the polyol have a strong impact on the formation of the PU network, the density and the morphology of the PU foam. Beyond the open or closed character of PU foam cells, the size, shape and spatial distribution of these cells also affect the physical properties of the foam. Thus, the thermal and mechanical properties of PU foams depend closely on the morphology of the foam.
- biosourced polyester polyol From a biosourced polyester polyol, the inventors have developed a novel biosourced polyurethane foam having good mechanical characteristics and in particular anisotropic mechanical characteristics according to the direction of solicitation of the foam compared to the polyether-derived PU foam obtained from a polyether polyol. petro-sourced classic.
- the inventors have established a comparative study and demonstrated correlations between the formulation of the foam, the characteristic foaming times (kinetics) and the mechanical properties of the bio-sourced PU foams.
- the invention relates to a flexible or semi-flexible foam or a composition for obtaining a flexible or semi-flexible foam comprising a polyester polyol or a polymer comprising a polyester polyol, said polyester polyol is obtained by a first polycondensation (a ) a C3 to C8 alcohol sugar Z and two identical or different C4 to C36 diacids Y and Y 'and a second polycondensation (b) of the product obtained in (a) with two identical X and X' diols or different in C2 to C12.
- the invention also relates to a flexible or semi-flexible foam or a composition for obtaining a flexible or semi-flexible foam comprising a polyester polyol or a polymer comprising a polyester polyol, said polyester polyol is of general formula Rx -Ry-Z-Ry'-Rx 'in which
- Z is a C3 to C8 alcohol sugar, preferentially C4 to C7, typically C5 to C6 alcohol,
- Rx and Rx' are diesters of formula -OOC-C n -COO- with n between 2 and 34, preferably between 3 and 22, typically between 4 and 10,
- Rx and Rx' are monoalcohols, identical or different C2 to C12, preferably C3 to C8, typically C4.
- foam as used for example in the terms “polyurethane foam” or “polyisocyanurate foam” is meant a compound of cellular structure of three-dimensional expanded type. Said foam may be rigid or flexible, with open or closed cells.
- flexible or semi-flexible or semi-rigid foam means a foam that returns to its initial shape (about 2-60 s) after a deformation in compression of 50%. Generally, such foams have a mixed structure composed of open and closed cells. Their properties are between those of flexible and rigid foams.
- closed cell foam is meant a foam whose honeycomb structure has walls between each cell forming a set of joined and separate cells for the imprisonment of an expansion gas.
- a foam is termed closed-cell foam when it has a maximum of 10% open cells.
- closed cell foams are mostly rigid foams.
- open cell foam is meant a foam whose honeycomb structure consists of a continuous open-cell foam matrix between the cells that does not allow the imprisonment of an expansion gas. Such a foam allows the creation of percolation paths within its alveolar matrix. Typically, open cell foams are predominantly soft or semi-rigid foams.
- polyester polyol refers to molecules comprising hydroxyl groups (diols or sugar alcohols) linked together by ester bonds.
- the X, Y, Z, Y 'and X' molecules are linked together by ester bonds.
- the diols X and X 'and the alcohol sugar Z are bonded to the two diacids Y and Y' by ester bonds each formed between an acid function of Y or Y 'and a primary hydroxyl function of Z, X or X' .
- the polyester polyol is at neutral pH, typically when it is obtained by two successive polycondensations followed by a neutralization step (for example with potassium hydroxide or with sodium hydroxide).
- the polyester polyol according to the invention advantageously has the general chemical formula C has H b O c with 22 ⁇ a ⁇ 42, 38 ⁇ b ⁇ 78, 14 ⁇ c ⁇ 22.
- the polyester polyol according to the invention has a molecular mass of between 350 g / mol and 2000 g / mol, preferably between 420 g / mol and 1800 g / mol and more preferably between 450 and 1700 g / mol.
- the molar mass of polyester polyol can be determined by different methods such as size exclusion chromatography.
- the polyester polyol has a hydroxyl number of 300 to 900 mg KOH / g.
- the hydroxyl number (IOH) can be calculated with the following formula:
- IOH functionality of polyester polyol x 56109.37 / Molar mass of polyester polyol.
- the hydroxyl number corresponds to the number of mg of KOH necessary to deprotonate all the hydroxyl groups present in one gram of polyol.
- the hydroxyl number can be determined by reverse assay using potash, for example according to ASTM 4274-99 in which the colorimetric titration is replaced by a pH-metric titration.
- sugar alcohol or “polyol” is meant a hydrogenated form of monosaccharide whose carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl.
- the alcohol sugar is chosen from glycerol, sorbitol, erythritol, xylitol, araditol, ribitol, dulcitol, mannitol and volemitol.
- the polyester polyol comprises two molecules Y and Y 'of diacid. These molecules may be identical or different in C4 to C36, preferentially C4 to C24.
- the two diacid molecules are independently selected from butanedioic acid (succinic acid), pentanedioic acid (glutaric acid), hexanedioic acid (adipic acid), heptanedioic acid (pimelic acid), acid octanedioic acid (suberic acid), nonanedioic acid (azelaic acid), decanedioic acid (sebacic acid), undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tridecanedioic acid (brassylic acid), tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, fatty acid dimers having up to 36 carbons (C36), or mixtures thereof.
- the preferred diacid molecules are independently selected from
- the polyester polyol comprises two molecules X and X 'of identical or different diols.
- the diol molecules are independently selected from 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1, 12 dodecanediol and their mixture.
- the polyester polyol according to the invention is chosen from bis (1,2-ethanediol) -sorbitol diadipate, bis (1,3-propanediol) -sorbitol diadipate, bis (1,4-butanediol) -sorbitol diadipate, bis (1,4-butanediol) -sorbitol diadipate modified with glycerol, bis (1,6-hexanediol) -sorbitol diadipate, bis (1,8-octanediol) -sorbitol diadipate, bis (1,10-decanediol) -sorbitol diadipate, bis (1,12 dodecanediol) -sorbitol diadipate, bis (1,4-butanediol) sorbitol disuccinate and sorbitol-diadipate sorbitol.
- said polyolpolyester is chosen from bis (1,8-octanediol) -sorbitol diadipate, bis (1,10-decanediol) -sorbitol diadipate and bis (1,4-butanediol) -sorbitol diadipate.
- the invention also relates to a flexible or semi-flexible foam or a composition for obtaining a flexible or semi-flexible foam comprising a polyester polyol obtained by a process comprising the following steps:
- a C 3 to C 8 sugar alcohol preferably C 4 to C 7, advantageously C 5 to C 6, typically chosen from glycerol, sorbitol, erythritol, xylitol, araditol, ribitol, dulcitol, mannitol and volemitol,
- C4 advantageously, independently selected from 1,2, ethanediol, 1,3 propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1 , 6 hexanediol, 1,8 octanediol, 1,10 decanediol, 1,12 dodecanediol, 1,4 butanediol and mixtures thereof,
- the diols X and X 'and the alcohol sugar Z are at a molar ratio (X + X') / Z of between 1 and 3, preferably between 1, 5 and 2.5. more preferably between 1, 8 and 2.2.
- the diacids Y and Y 'and the sugar alcohol are at a molar ratio (Y + Y') / Z of between 1 and 3, preferably between 1, 5 and 2.5, even more preferably between 1, 8 and 2.2.
- the diols X and X 'and the diacids Y and Y' are at a molar ratio ( ⁇ + ⁇ ') / ( ⁇ + ⁇ ') of between 0.5 and 2, preferably between 0.7 and 1.5, even more preferably between 0.8 and 1, 2.
- the polycondensation step comprises a first polycondensation (a) of the alcohol sugar Z and diacids Y and Y 'and a second polycondensation (b) of the product obtained in (a) with the diols X and X'.
- This polycondensation in two stages makes it possible to obtain the polyester polyol with this simetic structure.
- the diacids Y and Y ' are identical and / or the diols X and X' are identical.
- the alcohol sugar Z is mixed with the diacid molecule (s) Y and Y 'and then incubated for more than one hour, more preferably between 2 and 5 hours, even more preferentially between 2.5 and 4 hours, typically for 3 hours.
- the diol molecule (s) X and X ' are added in a second step to the mixture and then incubated for more than 4 hours, preferably between 5 and 10 hours, typically between 5.5 and 7 hours.
- the polycondensation step is carried out under vacuum.
- the diacid molecules Y and Y ' react with the primary alcohols of sugar alcohol molecules Z and diols X and X'.
- the water molecules resulting from the reaction are recovered with a view to their elimination.
- the invention further relates to a flexible or semi-flexible foam comprising a polymer comprising the polyester polyol according to the invention, typically, said polymer is a polyurethane and / or a polyisocyanurate.
- the polymer according to the invention has a molar mass greater than 1.7 ⁇ 10 6 g / mol.
- the polymer is a crosslinked polymer.
- polyurethane is meant a polymer comprising urethane functions, that is, a urethane polymer. These polymers result essentially from the reaction of polyols, in particular the polyester polyol of the invention and polyisocyanates. These polymers are generally obtained from formulations having an index of from 100 to 150, preferably from 105 to 130 corresponding to an NCO / OH ratio of between 1 and 1.5, preferably between 1.05 and 1.3.
- polyisocyanurate is meant the polymers resulting from the reaction of polyols, in particular the polyester polyol of the invention and polyisocyanates, which contain, in addition to urethane linkages, other types of functional groups, in particular rings.
- triisocyanuric compounds formed by trimerization of polyisocyanates are generally obtained from formulations having an index of 10 to 500, preferably between 115 and 460, even more preferably between 150-450, ie an NCO / OH ratio of between 1.1 and 5.0 preferably between 1, 15 and 4.6, preferably between 1, 5 and 4.5.
- said polymer is a mixture of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate. Such a mixture is observed for example when said polymer comprises major urethane functions and a minor portion of polyisocyanates trimerized to triisocyanuric rings.
- said polymer is a mixture of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate and has an index greater than 100 or less than or equal to 150, corresponding to an NCO / OH ratio greater than 1 or less than or equal to 1.5.
- NCO / OH ratio is meant, in the sense of the present invention, the ratio between the number of NCO functions of the polyisocyanate and the number of OH functions of the sugar alcohol, the diol and any other component comprising OH groups (water, solvents ).
- the ratio NCO / OH is calculated with the following formula:
- Ratio NCO / OH MexpPi x ME Pi / M ex p SAI x ME SAI
- MexpPi is the mass of the polyisocyanate
- MexpSAI is the mass of sugar alcohol
- ME Sal is the equivalent mass of sugar alcohol and corresponds to the ratio between the molar mass of sugar alcohol and the functionality of sugar alcohol;
- MEPi is the equivalent mass of the polyisocyanate and corresponds to the ratio between the polyisocyanate molar mass and the functionality of the polyisocyanate.
- urea bond or "urea function” means a disubstituted urea linkage which is the product of the reaction between a primary amine function and an isocyanate function of a polyisocyanate.
- the amine functions are generated in situ by the reaction of a water molecule with an isocyanate function carried by a polyisocyanate.
- the foam according to the invention or the composition making it possible to obtain such a foam comprising said polyester polyol according to the invention or said polymer according to the invention, furthermore comprises, at least one reaction catalyst, at least one swelling agent, a stabilizer, at least one polyisocyanate having a functionality of at least 2, optionally at least one co-polyol and additives.
- co-polyol is meant a compound carrying two or more hydroxyl functions (diol type) (polyol) added to the composition comprising the polyester polyol to adjust the properties thereof such as the functionality or the viscosity, to create knots of crosslinking or chain extension.
- the co-polyols may be C 2 to C 8, preferably C 2 to C 7, advantageously C 3 to C 6.
- the copolyols may advantageously be chosen from ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol, butane-1,3-diol, 1,3-propanediol and propane-1,2-diol.
- the preferred co-polyols are glycerol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3 propanediol and sorbitol.
- the (s) co-polyol (s) is added in a polyol polyester / co-polyol (s) ratio of 70/30 to 99/1, preferably 75/25 to 95/5, even more preferably, 80/20 and 92/8, typically 82/8 and 90/10, for example 85/15.
- the composition comprises two co-polyols, typically a C2 copolymer and a C3 co-polyol or a C2 co-polyol and a C4 co-polyol or a C2 co-polyol and a co-polyol.
- the composition comprises at least one C 2 -polyol, typically two co-polyols, typically ethylene glycol and glycerol, ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol and the like. erythritol, ethylene glycol and xylitol, ethylene glycol and araditol, ethylene glycol and ribitol, ethylene glycol and dulcitol, ethylene glycol and mannitol or ethylene glycol and volemitol .
- the preferred mixture of co-polyols is glycerol and ethylene glycol
- the composition comprises two co-polyols typically, erythritol and sorbitol, xylitol and sorbitol, araditol and sorbitol, ribitol and sorbitol, dulcitol and sorbitol, mannitol and sorbitol. or volemitol and sorbitol.
- the composition comprises two co-polyols typically in a ratio between 95/05 to 50/50, preferably 90/10 to 55/45, preferentially 87/13 to 60/40, more preferably 85/15 to 62/40. 38, still more preferably 80/20 to 65/35.
- a C3 / C6 or C3 / C5 or C4 / C6 or C5 / C6 ratio between 95/05 to 50/50, preferably 90/10 to 55/45, preferably 87/13 to 60/40, more preferentially 85/15 to 62/38, even more preferably 80/20 to 65/35.
- the preferred ratio is 66/33, a particularly advantageous ratio in the context of the mixture of glycerol / sorbitol co-polyols, in particular for a final polyol polyester / glycerol / sorbitol 85/10/5 mixture.
- polyisocyanate any chemical compound comprising at least two distinct isocyanate chemical (NCO) functions, that is, having "a functionality of at least 2".
- NCO isocyanate chemical
- Functionality is understood to mean, in the sense of the present invention, the total number of reactive isocyanate functions per isocyanate molecule.
- the functionality of a product is evaluated by the titration of the NCO function by a method of assaying excess dibutylamine by chloridic acid.
- said polyisocyanate has a functionality of between 2 and 5, preferably between 2.5 and 3.5, even more preferably between 2.7 and 3.3.
- said polyisocyanate is chosen from aromatic, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates and mixtures thereof.
- 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, mixtures of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, cis / trans cyclohexane diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate, m- and p-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, m-xylylene, p-xylylene diisocyanate, naphthalene-m, m-diisocyanate, 1,3,5-hexamethyl mesitylene triisocyanate, methoxyphenyl-2,4-diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethylate diisocyan
- the polyisocyanate is chosen from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (or 4,4'-diphenylmethylene diisocyanate or 4,4'-MDI), polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate (polymeric MDI, pMDI) and their mixture.
- TDI toluene diisocyanate
- 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or 4,4'-diphenylmethylene diisocyanate or 4,4'-MDI
- polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate polymeric MDI, pMDI
- reaction catalyst is meant a compound which introduces in a small amount accelerates the kinetics of the formation of the urethane bond (-NH-CO-O-) by reaction between the polyester polyol of the invention and a polyisocyanate or active the reaction between a polyisocyanate and water or activates the trimerization of isocyanates.
- the reaction catalysts are selected from tertiary amines (such as dimethylcyclohexane), tin derivatives (such as tin dibutyldilaurate), ammonium salts (such as methanaminium ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -trimethyl).
- alkali metal carboxylates such as potassium 2-ethylhexanoate or potassium octoate
- amine ethers such as bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether
- triazines such as 1,3,5-Tris (3- (dimethylamino) propyl) hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine
- a composition intended for obtaining a foam comprises said polyester polyol according to the invention or said polymer according to the invention, at least one reaction catalyst, at least one polyisocyanate having a functionality at least equal to 2, less a blowing agent, a stabilizer and optionally a flame retardant or at least one co-polyol.
- the preferred polyester polyol is a neutral pH polyester polyol and / or comprises a sorbitol as sugar-alcohol Z.
- the polyester polyol preferred is bis (1,2-ethanediol) -sorbitol-diadipate, bis (1,6-hexanediol) sorbitol-diadipate or bis (1,4-butanediol) -sorbitol-diadipate, more preferably, bis (1,4-butanediol) -sorbitol. diadipate, or bis (1,6 hexanediol) sorbitol diadipate.
- a foam typically comprises, after polymerization, a polymer according to the invention, in particular a crosslinked polymer, at least one reaction catalyst, at least one blowing agent, at least one stabilizer, and optionally at least one co-polyol.
- blowing agent or “blowing agent” is meant a compound inducing by a chemical and / or physical action an expansion of a composition during a foaming step.
- the chemical blowing agent is chosen from water, acid and formic acid, phthalic anhydride, acetic acid
- the physical blowing agent is chosen from pentane and pentane isomers, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluoroolefins, hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), ethers and their mixtures .
- Methylal may be mentioned by way of example of an ether-type swelling agent.
- a preferred chemical and physical blowing agent mixture is for example a water / isomers mixture of pentane or water / methylal or water / hydrofluoroolefins.
- the stabilizers are chosen from any one of the silicone glycol copolymers (for example Dabco DC198 or DC193 sold by Air Products), non-hydrolyzable silicone glycol copolymer (for example DC5000from Air Products), polyalkylene siloxane copolymer (for example Niax L Momentive-6164), polyoxyalkylene methylsiloxane copolymer (for example Niax L-5348 from Momentive), polyetherpolysiloxane copolymer (for example Tegostab B8870 or Evonik's Tegostab B1048), polydimethylsiloxane polyether copolymer (for example Tegostab B8526 from Evonik), polyethersiloxane (by eg Tego
- antioxidants chain end neutralization agents causing the depolymerization or comonomer chains capable of stopping the depolymerization propagation
- release agents talc, solution paraffin, silicone
- anti-hydrolyses biocides
- anti-UV agents titanium oxide, triazine, benzotriazole
- flame retardants antimony, phosphorus compounds, boron compounds, nitrogen compounds.
- Flame retardant means a compound that has the property of reducing or preventing the combustion or heating of the materials it impregnates or covers, referred to as flame retardant or fire retardant.
- flame retardant or fire retardant For example, alone or in a mixture, graphite, silicates, boron, halogenated or phosphorus derivatives such as Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), triethylene phosphate (PET), may be mentioned.
- TCPP 1, 2-chloro-2-propyl
- PET triethylene phosphate
- triaryl phosphate esters ammonium polyphosphate, red phosphorus, trishalogenyl, and mixtures thereof.
- composition according to the invention for obtaining a flexible or semi-flexible or flexible open cell foam is typically formulated with a index of 90 to 150, preferably 105 to 120, typically 115, or an NCO / OH ratio of 0.90 to 1, 5, preferably 1, 05 to 1, 20, typically 1, 15.
- such a composition comprises
- 0 to 50 parts preferably from 0.5 to 30 parts, typically 2 to 20 parts of at least one co-polyol,
- amine catalyst such as dimethylcyclohexyleamine
- - 0 to 40 parts preferably 2 to 30 parts, more preferably 4 to 20 parts of at least one swelling agent typically, 0.5 to 1 parts, preferably 1 to 10 parts, more preferably, 1 to 10 parts, more preferably 5 to 9 parts of a chemical blowing agent such as water and / or 0 to 30 parts, preferably 2 to 25 parts, even more preferably 5 to 20 parts of a physical blowing agent such as d isopentane,
- a stabilizer such as a polyether-polysiloxane copolymer and
- a flexible or semi-flexible open-cell polyurethane foam comprises, for example, 100 parts of a polyester polyol, 160 parts of a polyisocyanate, 2 parts of an amine catalyst such as dimethylcyclohexyleamine, 2 parts of a blowing agent such as water and 13 parts of a blowing agent such as isopentane derivatives, 2.5 parts of a stabilizer such as a polyether-polysiloxane copolymer and 10 parts of a flame retardant.
- a second example of open-cell flexible or semi-flexible polyurethane foam is a foam comprising 85 parts of a polyester polyol and 15 parts of co-polyol, 330 parts of a polyisocyanate, 2 parts of amine catalyst such as dimethylcyclohexyleamine, 9 parts of a blowing agent such as water, 2.5 parts of a stabilizer such as a polyether-polysiloxane copolymer and 10 parts of a flame retardant.
- the invention also relates to a panel or block of flexible or semi-flexible foam comprising the flexible or semi-flexible foam of the invention, typically for thermal or acoustic insulation including buildings or cryogenic insulation of refrigerators, cold room, or for empty space filling or buoyancy aid such as in buoyancy aids (belt or vest ...) or water sports, for shock absorption and vibrations (eg shoes, mats or mattresses, foams for packing or cushioning hard structures to improve the comfort typically of roof lining, seats (seats, armchairs ..), insoles, gripping areas for example car steering wheels, etc.) for filtration.
- shock absorption and vibrations eg shoes, mats or mattresses, foams for packing or cushioning hard structures to improve the comfort typically of roof lining, seats (seats, armchairs ..), insoles, gripping areas for example car steering wheels, etc.
- panel having approximately a rectangular parallelepiped shape having relatively smooth surfaces and the following dimensions from 0.3 to 50 m 2 of surface for a thickness of 10 to 1000 mm, preferably from 0.5 to 20 m 2 of surface for a thickness of 15 to 500 mm ; even more preferably, from 0.8 to 15 m 2 of surface for a thickness 17 to 400 mm typically, from 1 to 7 m 2 of surface for a thickness of 20 to 250 mm.
- Examples of dimensions are typically, a surface of 600 * 600mm or 1200 * 600mm for a thickness of 20 to 250mm
- block is meant a structure of any cubic, cubic, star-shaped or cylindrical geometrical shape, with or without recess (s), of a volume of between 1 cm 3 and 100 m 3, preferentially 10 cm 3 to 70 m 3, even more preferentially 100 cm3 to 50 m3 typically 0.5 to 35 m3, typically 1 to 30 m3.
- the invention also relates to a method for obtaining a panel or a flexible or semi-flexible foam block according to the invention, in particular by molding.
- the invention relates to a method for thermal, phonic or cryogenic insulation including buildings, fluid transport pipes or a method of filling (cracks or free space), sealing (structures, cracks, etc.). ), sealing or improving the floatation (typically buoyancy aids or water sports) or damping shock and vibration or filtration by depositing or introducing blocks or panels flexible or semi-flexible foam according to the invention or by the projection of a flexible or semi-flexible foam or a composition for obtaining a flexible or semi-flexible foam according to the invention.
- floatation typically buoyancy aids or water sports
- a composition for obtaining a flexible polyurethane foam typically has an index of 100 to 120 and includes, for example, 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight of a polyester polyol according to the invention,
- polyisocyanate such as polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate or toluene diisocyanate
- a flexible polyurethane foam composition comprises, for example, 100 parts of the polyester polyol according to the invention; 5 parts of swelling agent such as water; 50 parts of polyisocyanate such as toluene diisocyanate 1 part of stabilizer such as Tegostab BF 2370; 0.2 parts of catalyst such as tin dibutyldilaurate.
- the invention also relates to an insulation panel such as a sound or acoustic insulation panel, a mattress, a seat, a seat, an armchair or a sofa such as a car seat or furniture comprising said flexible foam or semi-flexible of the invention.
- an insulation panel such as a sound or acoustic insulation panel, a mattress, a seat, a seat, an armchair or a sofa
- a car seat or furniture comprising said flexible foam or semi-flexible of the invention.
- the invention also relates to a process for obtaining a flexible or semi-flexible foam typically of polyurethane and / or polyisocyanurate comprising:
- a step of obtaining a polyester polyol according to the invention or of a polymer according to the invention is a step of obtaining a polyester polyol according to the invention or of a polymer according to the invention,
- the invention also relates to the use of a foam according to the invention in thermal and acoustic insulation or in the filling of space in the building or in the mechanical industry.
- FIG. 1 Foaming profile: evolution of the temperature (a), the maximum height (b) and the foaming rate (c) with respect to the time of the foaming step
- Figure 2 a. FTIR spectra of formulated foams, b. FTIR spectra zoomed on the absorption zone of isocyanurates
- Figure 3 a. ATG curves of PU foams, under dry air, b. Derived from ATG curves for PU foams, under dry air
- Figure 4 SEM image of PU foams in the transverse (T) and longitudinal (L) directions in the rising direction of the foam
- Figure 6 Strain strain curves of REF and B100-2 biosourced foam, in -a) longitudinal direction, -b) transverse direction
- Figure 7 Deformation-stress curves of bio-sourced PU foams, in - a) longitudinal direction, -b) transverse direction
- Sorbitol was supplied by the company TEREOS (MERITOL®, 98%, water content
- 1,4-Butanediol (BDO, 99%) was obtained from SIGMA ALDRICH.
- Adipic acid (AA) (99%) was obtained from ACROS ORGANICS.
- Polyol polyether is an oxypropylated polyol of the company Huntsman (Daltolac® R570), with an average functionality of 3.0 and an OH value of 570 mg KOH / g.
- the polyisocyanate is 4,4'-methylenebis (diphenyl isocyanate) (MDI) polymer BORSODCHEM (ONGRONAT 2500).
- N N-dimethylcyclohexylamine
- KOH potassium 2-ethylhexanoate
- the flame retardant is SHEKOY Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) (TCPP) phosphate
- the surfactant was polydimethylsiloxane (B84501) obtained from EVONIK and glycerol (gly) (99.5%) was obtained from FISHER SCIENTIFIC.
- INVENTEC isopentane was used as a physical blowing agent. All of these chemicals were used as received without further purification.
- the sorbitol-based polyester polyol was synthesized by a two-stage bulk polycondensation from sorbitol, 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid.
- a molar equivalent of sorbitol and two molar equivalents of adipic acid were charged into a 600 ml Parr thermoregulated reactor (Model No. 4568) equipped with a heating mantle, a mechanical stirrer with a U-shaped blade, a thermocouple, a Dean Stark having an output at the top of the capacitor to be able to link a vacuum pump and a low output to recover the condensate, an inlet and an outlet of inert gas ..
- Viscosity OH index - Index Dynamic average functionality at titration (mg of acid - Hydroxyl Hydroxyl
- PU foams were prepared with an isocyanate / hydroxyl (NCO / OH) molar ratio of 1.15. To determine the isocyanate content, all the reactive hydroxyl groups are taken into account, i.e. the polyols, water and any solvents associated with the different catalysts. On the basis of the two-component foaming process, prepares a premix containing polyol (s), catalysts, surfactant (polydimethylsiloxane, B84501), a flame retardant (TCPP) and the swelling agent (s).
- the blowing agents were chosen between isopentane (physical blowing agent) and water (chemical blowing agent). The total ratio of blowing agent remains constant in all formulations.
- the number of shares of TCPP and surfactant is constant and equal to 10 parts for TCPP and 2.5 parts of surfactants.
- the total amount of polyol never exceeds 100 parts.
- crude crystalline polyols such as sorbitol are used, they are first dissolved in water to break the crystallinity and increase their reactivity. The mixture is stirred mechanically until a fine white emulsion is obtained with total incorporation of the blowing agent. The temperature of the mixture is controlled and adjusted to 20 ° C. The temperature of the polyisocyanate is also controlled and an adequate amount is added rapidly to the emulsion.
- the whole reaction mixture is vigorously stirred for 5s and then foamed freely in a 250 ml disposable beaker at room temperature (controlled at 20 ° C) to monitor the kinetics of the foam or in the FOAMAT device.
- the foam samples were stored for three days at room temperature for complete maturation of the foam.
- Thermogravimetric (TGA) analyzes were performed using a TA Hi-Res TGA Q5000 instrument in reconstituted air (flow rate 25 mL / min). 1-3 mg samples were heated from room temperature to 700 ° C (10 ° C / min). The main characteristic degradation temperatures are those at most of the derivative of the weight loss curve (DTG) (Tdeg, max).
- TTG weight loss curve
- Infrared spectroscopy was performed with a NICOLET 380 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer used in reflection mode equipped with an ATR diamond module (ATR-FTIR). An atmospheric background was collected before the analysis of the sample (64 scans, resolution 4 cm -1 ). All spectra were normalized on a stretch peak of the CH bond at 2950 cm -1 .
- Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed on TRITEC 2000 (Triton) compressive devices. The samples were analyzed at a constant frequency of 1 Hz for a temperature range of 30 to 270 ° C with a heating rate of 2 ° C / min and a constant static resistance of 0.5 N. Samples were 7 , 5 x 7.5 x 7.5 mm 3 .
- the quasi-static compression tests were carried out with an INSTRON dynamometer (E1000, USA), equipped with a load sensor of 1 KN, at room temperature and at a constant strain rate of 2.5 mm / min.
- the cubic samples used for the compression tests have dimensions of 25 * 25 * 25 mm 3 .
- the samples were tested in the longitudinal direction (corresponding to the expansion of the foam during the process) and in the transverse direction. Young's modulus was defined as the slope of the stress-strain curves in the elastic region and the elasticity rate as the first maximum of the stress curve.
- Thermal conductivity was measured from the heat flux.
- the device consists of a heating element with two thermocouples to obtain the temperature on the front and rear faces.
- the device is also equipped with two sensors dedicated to the measurement of heating time and cycle time.
- the heating and cycle times are used to correct the maximum conduction heat flux, which is necessary for the calculation of the thermal conductivity coefficient, by the Fourier law, used in steady-state thermal conduction. Plates of different materials with dimensions of 300 * 400 * 3 mm 3 were used for the determination of the coefficient of thermal conductivity.
- the temperature of the foams, the heights and the rate of expansion, the density and the pressure of the foam were recorded using a FOAMAT FPM 150 (Messtechnik GmbH) equipped with cylindrical containers of 180 mm height and 150 diameter, an LR 2-40 PFT ultrasonic probe recording the height of the foam, a NiCr / Ni type K thermocouple and a FPM 150 pressure sensor.
- the data was recorded and analyzed with specific software.
- the open cell count is determined using a Quantachrome Instruments Ultrapyc 1200e based on the technique of gas expansion (Boyle's Law). Cubic samples of foams (approximately 2.5 cm ⁇ 2.5 cm ⁇ 2.5 cm) are cut for a first measurement. Then, the cubic sample was cut into eight equivalent pieces and the measurement was repeated. This second measure makes it possible to correct the level of the closed cells from the damaged cells due to the cutting of the sample. Measurements were made according to EN ISO4590 and ASTM 6226.
- a petro-sourced foam (hereinafter REF) is used as a reference.
- Formulations B85-2, B85-4, B100-2 and B100-4 are biobased foams to be evaluated. The characteristics of the formulations as well as the kinetics of the foams obtained are presented in Table 2.
- the reference foam has the fastest kinetics with a cream time of 10 s, while all biosourced foams are up to 15 s.
- a 15 s cream time is an acceptable time for the formulation of such foams especially for foam panels continuously produced for the insulation of buildings.
- the out-of-the-box time is a surface indication of the formation of the PU network, but is not indicative of the end of the foaming process.
- the polymerization stage of REF ends at the surface in 66 s, the other biosourced foams have times greater than 100 s.
- the off-peak time offset indicates a lower end-of-foaming reactivity.
- the entire polyurethane network is reached at longer times than for petro-sourced foams.
- B100-2 foam is the biobased equivalent of REF and the FOAMAT measurement ( Figure 1) clearly indicates the effect of the polyol change from a petro-sourced polyether to a bio-based polyester on the foaming temperature, the speed of expansion as well as the evolution of the foam height.
- the expansion rate is five times lower than that of REF.
- a foam temperature is reached during the lower foaming step for B100-2 than for REF.
- the decrease in these two measures is indicative of a lower reactivity of the polyester (BASAB biosourced) compared with that of the polyether (petro-sourced). This lower reactivity is explained by the lower accessibility of the secondary hydroxyl groups and the lower reactivity of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the biosourced polyester compared to the reference polyether.
- the temperature curve B100-2 ( Figure 1, a) shows a delay of nearly 60 s compared to REF, corresponding to the time required for the system to reach the reaction temperature. This difference between B100-2 and REF is a direct consequence of the foaming speed. A similar profile is also observed on all the temperature curves of biosourced foams. This slower foaming rate does not represent a limit at the industrial level since it may vary depending on the catalyst used and may represent an advantage in molding processes to allow complete filling of the mold before polymerization of the foam.
- the B100-4 foam was formulated with a higher water content than the B100-2 and REF mixtures.
- B100-4 shows shorter wire and POF characteristic times of 10 s and 5 s respectively compared to B100-2 (Table 2).
- the formulation B100-4 is advantageous in that it has characteristics of foaming close to the petro-sourced reference formulation (REF). Nevertheless, the formulation B100-2 remains of interest in that it allows a sufficiently long working time and suitable for production in molding for example of foam blocks.
- compositions based on biosourced products and having a good reactivity and therefore a foam kinetics completely comparable to that of petro-hardened compositions in terms of temperature and rate of expansion can be obtained according to the invention.
- compositions comprising only BASAB (B100-2 and B100-4) as a polyol or comprising a BASAB mixture, glycerol and sorbitol in a BASAB / glycerol / sorbitol ratio of 85/10/5 (B85-2 and B85-4) have been prepared.
- compositions B85-2 and B100-2 are distinguished from each other solely by the presence or absence of these small polyols. It is the same for the compositions B85-4 and B100-4.
- the BASAB glycerol and sorbitol mixture in a 85/10/5 BASAB / glycerol / sorbitol ratio shows a clear effect on the profile of the foaming kinetics of the formula and therefore on the height. as well as the final density of the foam.
- Compositions B85-2 and B85-4 both contain a BASAB mixture, glycerol and sorbitol, the B85-4 composition being distinguished by a high water content.
- the B85-2 and B85-4 foams obtained reach a similar height with respect to the REF foam. Nevertheless, variations in expansion speed and temperature are observed.
- the reactivity of the biosourced polyester polyol differs greatly depending on the foaming temperature and can be adapted using the combined or non-combined effects of blowing agent such as water and short diols such as glycerol and / or sorbitol.
- Water is a chemical blowing agent and is the simplest way to increase the rate of expansion, but it also results in an increase in the urea bond content in the final foam. As these bonds induce a stiffness of the segments, the increase in their presence should affect the mechanical properties of the foam.
- NH groups also have a torsion signal at 1510 cm "The broad peak at 2950 cm -1 corresponds to the stretching of the CH bond present in the PU skeleton and the signal at 1595 cm -1 corresponding to stretching Ar- H phenyl groups polyisocyanate (M. Rogulska, AJ Therm Anal, Calorim 114 (2013) 903-916).
- C O stretch with hydrogen bonding at 1709 cm -1
- CO stretching at 1220 cm -1
- the two fused peaks at 1062 cm -1 and 1017 cm -1 associated with the symmetric stretching of the N-CO-O bonds and stretching of the CO bonds (BR Barrioni, Mater Sci Eng C. 52 (2015) 22-30).
- thermogravimetric analysis TGA was performed on each of the foams and made it possible to obtain ATG and DTG thermograms (see FIG. 3a). Weight loss following two-stage thermal degradation is observed for the reference composition. The first weight loss corresponds to the decomposition of the polyether urethanes and polyol, with a maximum of the DTG curve at 250 ° C. The second weight loss is attributed to cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond with a maximum on the DTG curve at 560 ° C.
- the thermal stability of the foams is influenced by several parameters depending on the raw material initially used for the formulation.
- the decomposition temperature of the urethane group is influenced by its neighborhood. It has been reported that the urethane function surrounded by two alkyls has an initial decomposition at 250 ° C, while surrounded by two aryl groups, start at 120 ° C (J. Simon, Chromatographia (1988) 99-106). This decomposition is mainly induced by the thermal reversibility of the urethane function, according to the main decomposition pathways, which are the reverse reaction, the dissociation, the formation of amines and the transcarbamoylation.
- Table 1 Morphology of PU foams Foam morphology analysis was performed by SEM analysis and coupled with an evaluation of the anisotropic ratio (R) of the foam cells.
- the SEM images presented in FIG. 4 show microstructures of foam samples in the longitudinal direction (L) and in the transverse direction (T) at the rise of the foam. Different and non-homogeneous structures with open-cell PU foams are obtained except with the reference, which has a homogeneous foam of closed cells.
- the SEM images provide the overall structure of the foams.
- B100-4 exhibits extensively elongated cells at the origin of small pipes in the material. While B100-2 corresponding to the formulation with BASAB and a lower water content, is closer to a conventional open cell structure. This difference can be easily explained by the high content of chemical swelling agent (water) in B100-4.
- a physical blowing agent has a softer expansion control by evaporation thereof in the air microbubbles incorporated during mechanical stirring of the polyol premix (NS Ramesh, et al., Polym., Eng Sci. 1994) 1685-1697), resulting in a more spongy structure.
- the foam samples from a formulation with a mixture of polyols show a cellular structure with a coefficient R less than B100-2 and B100-4.
- Their cellular structure is related to a higher crosslinking density during the formation of the PU network in the foaming process.
- the higher crosslinking density is induced by the addition of polyfunctional glycerol and sorbitol which limit gas expansion and increase the rigidity of the material.
- variable reactivity of BASAB as a function of the content of expansion agent or small polyols (C2 to C6) during the foaming process allows to adapt the alveolar structure of the foams obtained.
- the structure of the foam having an impact on its mechanical properties, the BASAB therefore allows the following formulation to obtain foams of various mechanical qualities.
- BASAB also makes it possible to obtain foams having different structural characteristics from foams comprising products that are petroleum-based in honeycombs.
- the thermal conductivity coefficients and the apparent density of all the foams studied (Table 4).
- the apparent densities of all the foams are between 23 and 41 kg / m 3 and the apparent density of the reference foam is measured at 30.7 kg / m 3 .
- B85-2 foam has an apparent density greater than 2 kg / m 3 compared to B85-4 foam samples and the B100-2 density is 16 kg / m 3 higher than B100-4 density. . This means that foams with a higher water content are more expanded, which is in good correlation with the previous observation.
- Nomenclature. ⁇ . apparent cells in,, thermal expansion ⁇ . . .. .. closed,. "(parts) ( k g / m ) the direction (%) (mW / m K) longitudinal
- the REF foam shows the lowest value of thermal conductivity of 25 mW / m.K due to its high content of closed cells. Indeed, the level of closed cells is responsible for 60 to 65% of the thermal properties of low density foams (H. Fleurent, J. Cell Plast 31 (1995) 580-599). While surprisingly, biosourced PU foams have a thermal conductivity of between 35 and 51 mW / mK while they have a majority of open cells. Indeed, these values of thermal conductivity are equivalent to those observed for air (40mW / (m.K)) or glass wool (30 to 40 mW / (m.K)) which are very good thermal insulators.
- the polyurethanes and the polyurethane-urea have a heat capacity (Cp) within a range of 0.422 to 0.665 cal. 1 g and from 0.389 to 0.513 Jg ".K 1, respectively (Mark I, ed, Polymer data handbook, 2nd ed, Oxford University Press, Oxford. New York, 2009)" 1 ° C. "In general, low.
- the Cp values of the polymers constituting the foams are an explanation for the low thermal conductivity of the material compared with non-polymeric materials such as metal foams, and the B85-4 and B85-2 or B100-4 and B100-2 foams show thermal conductivity values closer to each other, probably because of their equivalent closed cell rate and similar cell sizes.
- the thermal conductivity of the B100-4 and B100-2 foam systems is lower than B85-4 and B85-2.
- Biosourced foams are generally open systems, so the main difference between B100-4 and B100-2 is their bulk density.
- the thermal conductivity coefficient of the B100-4 foam is lower due to its low bulk density compared to B100-2.
- B85-4 and B85-2 have the same apparent density of close closed cell levels, roughly the same cell sizes; it therefore seems natural that the two foam systems have the same coefficient of thermal conductivity.
- biosourced foams produced have characteristics of interest in terms of thermal conductivity and therefore insulating properties comparable to those of petosourced foams.
- the best results are obtained for biosourced foams with a formulation with high water content and in the absence of co-polyol.
- the biosourced foams have a small percentage of closed cells, especially compared to the petrosourced foam serving as a reference for the base of the formulations. Nevertheless, a large number of open-cell petro-hardened foams are available on the market and do not necessarily have as good thermal conductivity as BASAB-based biosourced foams.
- a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis was performed to characterize the viscoelastic properties of the foams as a function of temperature, in particular to define the typical relaxation temperatures of the polyurethane network constituting the foam.
- the evolution of the conservation module, the loss module and the loss factor (Tanô) as a function of the temperature for the reference (REF) is presented in FIG. 5-a).
- the conversion module remains higher in the glassy region, before a sudden drop in the glass transition region.
- the Tanô spectrum shows only a peak, which gives a relaxation temperature that can be associated with the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the soft segments of the foams. This temperature is about 200 ° C for the PU foam samples.
- FIG. 6 compares the mechanical properties in compression of the reference and the biosourced foam B100-2, at ambient temperature in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
- a stress exerted in the longitudinal direction it is observed that the stress increases linearly with the deformation (due to the elastic behavior of the two foams), before reaching the plastic pour point ( Figure 6a). After the plastic pour point, the stress remains almost constant due to the densification of the foam.
- Figure 6b the behavior of the foam is different ( Figure 6b). Indeed, after an elastic region to the point of plastic flow, the stress continues to increase, which corresponds to the densification of the foam. It has also been noted that the residual deformation after unloading is less than that in the longitudinal direction.
- the B100-2 biosourced foam has different mechanical properties, with a Young's modulus and a lower plastic pour point shown in Table 5.
- the Young's modulus and the plastic pour point in the longitudinal direction are respectively 8.5 and 0.31 MPa for the reference and 3 and 0.08 MPa for B100-2 (see Table 5).
- the same trends are measured in the cross direction for the B100-2 foam compared to the reference (Table 5).
- These drastic variations in properties come mainly from the morphology of the mosses.
- the closed cell content of these foams decreased from 90 to 10% between the reference and B100-2, respectively (Table 4).
- the pressurization of the gas contained in the closed cells of the reference contributes to increasing its mechanical properties with respect to the B100-2 foam (J. D'Souza, et al J. Sci Polym. 2014)).
- the B100-2 foam has a majority of open cells, small cells and a higher bulk density than other biosourced foams. In compression, the rapid densification and the good distribution of the load lead to improve the mechanical properties and more particularly the conservation modulus, the Young modulus and the plastic pour point.
- Formulation B100-4 has as swelling agent water and isopentane. After the foaming process, the high open cell content and the lower density explain the lower compression properties of the resulting B100-4 foam.
- the slight improvement in mechanical properties measured by the conservation modulus or the modulus in the transverse direction (Table 5) of B85-4 compared to the B85-2 sample is also due to the chemical structure of the two materials. Indeed, the B85-4 biosourced foam is produced with a higher water content than the B85-2 foam.
- the B85-4 foam has better mechanical properties than the B100-4 foam. This confirms that the effect of water on polymerization is more moderate between B85-4 and B85-2 foams compared to B100-4 and B100-2 foams. As a result, stress-strain curves of B85-4 formulations and B85-2 are between those of the formulations B100-4 and B100-2.
- B100-2 are shown in Figure 7, b.
- Figure 7, b shows that the stress-strain behavior is very different from that of the longitudinal direction, which shows a clear anisotropic mechanical behavior of biosourced foams.
- a careful examination of the slopes of stress-strain curves in the elastic region indicates that the Young's modulus measured in the transverse direction is 10 times lower than that in the longitudinal direction for B85-4 and B100-4. This ratio is about 14 and 6 for B85-2 and B100-2, respectively. This decrease is less pronounced for elastic stress.
- the yield stress in the transverse direction is only 3 times lower than that determined in the longitudinal direction.
- open cell PU foams have been successfully developed from sorbitol-based polyester polyol and have been studied.
- the blowing agent, polyol or mixture of polyols and co-polyol have been shown to be key parameters for the modulation of kinetics, foaming profile and properties of biosourced foams through the range of reactivity offered by BASAB.
- the use of water as a chemical blowing agent in the formulation of foams has effectively improved the characteristic times (kinetics), the expansion rate and the foaming temperature. It also significantly reduces the foam density from 41 to 25 kg / m 3 with respect to the same foams inflated with a physical expansion agent (isopentane) when only the biobased polyol is used.
- a range of PU foams with different mechanical properties was then obtained.
- the mechanical compression tests show that the mechanical properties are very different in the longitudinal and transverse direction.
- the prepared foams exhibit a significant anisotropy of their mechanical properties.
- all of the foams exhibit significant changes in Young's modulus, plastic flow point, and stress at the beginning of the densification region. These results are fully consistent with the viscoelastic properties obtained by DMA.
- the glass transition decreases when the biosourced polyol is used for the formulation, compared to the petro-sourced reference.
- the use of chemical and physical blowing agents allows variations in bulk density, closed cell count and foam microstructure.
- Biosourced PUR foams meet the requirements of a wide range of applications from furniture to acoustic and thermal insulation of buildings, as they have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and a high rate of open cells.
- PU biosourced foams seem particularly suited to the new demand for thermal and acoustic insulation due to their high open cell content and their elastic behavior.
- the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of Such foams can also be used for filling applications of all kinds in the building in particular. Indeed foams also having a low thermal conductivity can be deformed in the longitudinal direction at the rise of the foam and then return to their original size to fill spaces present in a defective part of the initial insulation of a building.
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Abstract
Description
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FR1601253A FR3055335B1 (fr) | 2016-08-24 | 2016-08-24 | Methode de production de polyol polyesters et leur utilisation dans le polyurethane |
PCT/IB2017/055116 WO2018037376A1 (fr) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | Mousse souple ou semi flexible comprenant un polyol polyester |
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EP17768868.6A Active EP3504179B1 (fr) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | Methode de production de polyol polyesters et leur utilisation dans le polyurethane |
EP17768870.2A Withdrawn EP3504181A1 (fr) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | Mousse souple ou semi flexible comprenant un polyol polyester |
EP17768869.4A Active EP3504180B1 (fr) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | Mousse rigide comprenant un polyol polyester |
EP22161668.3A Withdrawn EP4067335A1 (fr) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | Methode de production de polyol polyesters et leur utilisation dans le polyurethane |
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EP22161668.3A Withdrawn EP4067335A1 (fr) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-24 | Methode de production de polyol polyesters et leur utilisation dans le polyurethane |
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EP (4) | EP3504179B1 (fr) |
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FR1601253A (en) | 1968-12-12 | 1970-08-10 | Carborundum and corindum abrasive powders | |
DE2316293A1 (de) * | 1973-03-31 | 1974-10-10 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyesterolen |
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US4404295A (en) * | 1981-05-13 | 1983-09-13 | Witco Chemical Corporation | Polyester resins for polyurethane foams |
US4469823A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1984-09-04 | Texaco Inc. | Flexible polyurethane foams made using an aromatic polyester polyol |
ZA894589B (en) | 1989-02-09 | 1991-02-27 | K Sudan Krishan | Semi-flexible or flexible phenolic foam |
US5605940A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1997-02-25 | The Celotex Corporation | High equivalent weight polyester polyols for closed cell, rigid foams |
US20030020042A1 (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2003-01-30 | Wilson Joe C. | Stable polyester polyol composition |
US20060084709A1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-04-20 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | High-temperature rigid polyurethane spray foam for pipe insulation |
WO2011083000A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-07-14 | Basf Se | Procédé de préparation de polyols de polyester, polyols de polyester préparés à l'aide de ces derniers et polyuréthanes obtenus à partir de ces derniers |
EP2643378B1 (fr) * | 2010-11-22 | 2014-10-08 | Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH | Procédé de fabrication de mousses souples de polyuréthane |
FR2987840B1 (fr) | 2012-03-09 | 2015-05-29 | Novance | Polyester polyether polyol |
JP5957608B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-10 | 2016-07-27 | アクゾ ノーベル コーティングス インターナショナル ビー ヴィ | ポリエステルポリオール |
WO2014064130A1 (fr) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Procédé de production de mousses de polyuréthane souples à base de polyester polyols |
US9464158B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2016-10-11 | Basf Se | Polyols, preparation and use thereof |
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