EP3489603B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a heat exchanger which can be produced inexpensively and which can also be used as a static mixer, or a static mixer which can also be designed as a heat exchanger at the same time or which can include the function of a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is particularly suitable for cooling or heating flowable media, for example fluids, it being possible for the fluids to include, for example, viscous or highly viscous fluids, in particular polymers.

Heat exchangers are used in many areas of the processing industry. According to one embodiment, a flowable medium can be moved over at least one stationary insert element. The insert element usually contains built-in elements which cause a deflection of the fluid flow or the flowable medium that is guided through the interior of the insert element, which is delimited by an insert casing element. A heat transfer fluid flows through the built-in elements. The flowable medium flows through the insert element by creating a pressure gradient. The pressure gradient can be generated, for example, through the use of pumps.

In the document DE 689 05 806 T2 a heat exchanger and static mixer is shown which has tubes with a circular cross-section so that heat transfer from the tubes to the material flowing between the tubes can be achieved. The jacket of the heat exchanger, which holds the tubes, must be thick-walled in the case of high internal pressures. Also the EP 1 123 730 A2 shows a heat exchanger and static mixer which includes pipes as mixing elements.

A variant of such a heat exchanger and static mixer is in the EP 1 384 502 A1 shown. Like in the EP 0 967 004 A1 the channels for a heat transfer fluid run essentially transversely to the main flow direction. The channels of the EP 1 384 502 A1 run inside finned tubes. The ribs can protrude into the fluid flow in a star shape, for example. There is also a slight deflection or transverse displacement of the fluid flow at these ribs, but this is also limited locally to the area around the ribs. Since a heat transfer fluid does not flow through the ribs, they are also only effective to a limited extent as a heat exchange surface and require a relatively large amount of space. Therefore, a closer packing of tubes through which the heat transfer fluid can flow cannot be realized and the heat exchange surface that can be achieved is correspondingly reduced.

In the case of media flowing in a laminar manner, the mixing effect occurs through the formation of layers and their rearrangement. Local intermixing should be understood to mean transverse mixing in the immediate vicinity of the finned pipe, that is to say an environment that is limited in size to twice the pipe diameter and takes place at most up to the end of the fins. A plurality of tubes are arranged next to one another transversely to the direction of flow. This means that in the case of two pipes, a maximum of half of the fluid flowing onto the pipes as a secondary partial flow is guided along the edges of the ribs and can thereby cause cross-mixing. Here, too, a plurality of tubes are arranged next to one another transversely to the main flow direction. The cross-mixing that takes place over only part of the cross-section can also lead to the formation of locally different heat profiles and concentration profiles, which can have the consequence that a homogeneous mixture cannot be achieved with such a heat exchanger and static mixer. A homogeneous mixture can only be guaranteed if part of the fluid is cross-mixed over a large part of the entire cross-section. Adjacent partial flows, which are divided by adjacent web tubes, are not influenced by this mixing, which is why the mixing takes place only locally.

A device for static mixing and heat exchange according to EP 2851118 B1 comprises a casing element and a mixer insert, the mixer insert being arranged in the interior of the casing element in the operating state. The mixer insert comprises a first group of bar elements and a second group of bar elements, the first group of bar elements extending along a common first group plane and the second group of bar elements extending along a second common group plane. The group level is thus characterized in that it contains the center axis of the bar elements. At least some of the bar elements have channels, the channels extending from a first end of the bar element to a second end of the bar element. The casing element each contains a corresponding channel which is in fluid-conducting connection with the first and second end of the web element, the transition from at least one of the first and second ends of the web element to the corresponding channel in the casing element taking place without a gap.

If such a device is used for processing highly viscous fluids, for example polymer melts, the static mixers used there typically have to withstand nominal pressures of 50 to 400 bar and temperatures of 50 to 300 degrees Celsius, so that the jacket of the insert element is designed as a thick-walled tube is.

It has been shown that the production of heat exchangers with thick-walled tubes is very complex and expensive and, depending on the production process, qualitative problems can also arise. Manufacturing with casting or additive manufacturing processes incurs high costs, which usually increase linearly with weight. The one-piece casting of thick-walled pipes with a complex inner workings of webs is technically very demanding and often leads to quality problems. If the mostly very complex web structure in the interior is to be connected to the outer tube, for example by soldering or welding, this is very expensive in the case of a thick-walled outer tube due to the weight and the difficult handling that this makes. Since the wall thickness of such heat exchangers depends on the pressure and temperature of the application and can also vary greatly, they have to be manufactured individually according to specification, which makes manufacturing significantly more expensive and greatly increases delivery times, since prefabrication is not possible. There is therefore a need to develop a heat exchanger, in particular for highly viscous fluids, which can be produced more cost-effectively.

The object of the invention is therefore to create a heat exchanger and static mixer which is suitable for processing highly viscous fluids and can withstand a correspondingly high fluid pressure, but is easier to manufacture. The object of the invention is furthermore to provide a heat exchanger with a modular design which can be individually adapted to different fluid pressures.

The object of the invention is achieved by a heat exchanger according to claim 1. Advantageous variants of the heat exchanger are the subject matter of claims 2 to 11. A method for operating a heat exchanger is the subject matter of claim 12. A method for producing a heat exchanger is the subject matter of claim 13.

If the term “for example” is used in the following description, this term relates to exemplary embodiments and / or embodiments, which is not necessarily to be understood as a more preferred application of the teaching of the invention. Similarly, the terms “preferably”, “preferred” are to be understood by referring to an example from a set of exemplary embodiments and / or embodiments, which is not necessarily to be understood as a preferred application of the teaching of the invention. Accordingly, the terms “for example”, “preferably” or “preferred” can relate to a plurality of exemplary embodiments and / or embodiments.

The following detailed description contains various exemplary embodiments for a heat exchanger. The description of a specific heat exchanger is to be regarded as exemplary only. In the specification and claims, the terms "include", "comprise", "have" are interpreted as "including, but not limited to".

The heat exchanger according to the invention contains a jacket element and an insert element, the insert element being arranged in the interior of the jacket element in the operating state. The insert element has a longitudinal axis which extends essentially in the direction of the flow of the flowable medium. The direction of the flow is referred to below as the main flow direction. The insert element contains an insert casing element and at least one web element, in particular a plurality of web elements. The web element has a first end and a second end. The first end and the second end of the web member are connected to the insert shell member at different locations. The bar element contains a bar element channel, the bar element channel extending from the first end of the bar element to the second end of the bar element. If a plurality of bar elements is provided, at least some of the bar elements can contain bar element channels. The jacket element can contain a jacket channel which is in fluid-conducting connection with the web element channel. An intermediate jacket element is arranged between the insert jacket element and the jacket element.

The insert casing element can thus be received in the intermediate casing element, the insert casing element being insertable into the intermediate casing element. After its completion, the insert casing element can be pushed into the intermediate casing element. In the operating state, the intermediate jacket element absorbs the fluid pressures which act on the insert jacket element and are transmitted from the insert jacket element to the intermediate jacket element. It is therefore possible for the insert casing element to have an average wall thickness that is smaller than the mean wall thickness of the intermediate casing element. The insert casing element and the intermediate casing element can be arranged at least partially in contact with one another. In particular, the intermediate jacket element can rest on the insert jacket element with a jacket surface proportion of 80% to 100%. In particular, the outer jacket surface of the insert jacket element can rest completely on the jacket inner surface of the intermediate jacket element.

A further advantage is based on the fact that a single insert element is required, but the heat exchanger can nevertheless be used in a large pressure range of the flowable medium which flows around the web element or elements. The pressure range can range from ambient pressure to a pressure of over 600 bar. The insert element is held in an intermediate jacket element, which is designed for a certain maximum pressure. In particular, the insert element can be combined with intermediate jacket elements of different wall thicknesses. With increasing wall thickness, the heat exchanger achieves higher pressure resistance with the same nominal diameter. In other words, it is sufficient to insert the heat exchanger into the corresponding intermediate jacket element and jacket element. Since the intermediate casing elements and casing elements are much easier to manufacture than the insert element, storage can be optimized in that only the insert elements of different nominal diameters and possibly different lengths have to be kept in stock. The intermediate jacket elements and jacket elements can only be manufactured after receipt of the order according to the customer's specifications for the pressure of the flowable medium required by the customer, since they can be manufactured within a short time as required.
In addition, any arrangements of bar elements can be implemented. The web elements can have any dimensions. In addition, the outside of the insert casing element is easily accessible on all sides before it is installed in the intermediate casing element, which makes it possible to connect the web element or web elements to the insert casing element at any point in any spatial direction, for example by soldering, welding, clamping or gluing.

The insert casing element contains an insert element casing channel which is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to a web element channel. The insert element jacket channel is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to an intermediate jacket element channel. According to one embodiment, the intermediate jacket element channel is connected to the jacket channel in a fluid-conducting manner. The jacket channel can extend over 20% to 90% of the jacket inner surface facing the intermediate element. The casing element channel can be in fluid-conducting connection with the bar element channel or the bar element channels. The shell element channel can contain a plurality of shell element chambers. The jacket element channel can contain a feed line for a heat transfer fluid and a discharge line for the heat transfer fluid.

According to one embodiment, each of the shell element chambers can contain either the supply line or the discharge line for the heat transfer fluid. In particular, everyone can of the supply lines or discharge lines can be connected to a plurality of intermediate jacket element channels. A casing element chamber can be designed as a heat transfer fluid distributor if the casing element chamber contains a supply line. A shell element chamber can be designed as a heat transfer fluid collector if the shell element chamber contains a discharge line.

According to each of the preceding exemplary embodiments, the web elements can be connected to the insert casing element by gluing, soldering, casting, an additive manufacturing process, welding, clamping, shrinking or combinations thereof. Gluing, soldering or welding can take place from the inside and / or from the outside. In particular, the insert casing element and the web elements can be designed in one piece.

According to one embodiment, the insert element and the intermediate jacket element can contain different materials.

According to one embodiment, the wall thicknesses of the insert element and the intermediate jacket element together can be at least 10 mm. In particular, the wall thicknesses of the insert element and the intermediate jacket element together can be at least 20 mm.

According to one embodiment, the bar element channel can run without kinks. According to one embodiment, the bar element channel can merge into the intermediate jacket element channel or channels without kinks.

At least some of the web elements thus extend over the entire width dimension or the diameter of the casing element. The bar element channels in the bar elements extend from the first end to the second end of the bar element, which directly adjoins the inner wall of the intermediate jacket element. In the intermediate jacket element there is an intermediate jacket element channel which connects to the insert element jacket channel. The web elements can thus be fed with a heat transfer fluid, in particular a heat transfer fluid, from the jacket element through the intermediate jacket element channels of the intermediate jacket element and the insert jacket channels, and the heat carrier fluid can flow through them. The length of the bar element channel corresponds at least to the mean diameter of the insert casing element when the bar element contains the longitudinal axis.

The mean diameter corresponds to the inner diameter if the insert casing element is designed as a circular tube. The mean diameter for a angular insert shell element is defined as its circumference / n (pi), it is therefore an equivalent diameter. The length of the bar element channel can in particular be at least 10% greater than the mean diameter when the bar element channel crosses the central axis. The length of this bar element channel can in particular be at least 20% above the mean diameter, particularly preferably at least 30% above the mean diameter.

The dimensions of a web element are determined by its length, width and thickness. The length of the web member is measured from the first end of the web member to the second end of the web member. The length of the bar element channel corresponds essentially to the length of the bar element.

The width of the bar element is measured essentially transversely to the direction of flow. That is to say, the width extends essentially in a plane which runs normal to the length of the bar element and shows the cross section of the bar element. The cross section of the bar element is characterized by its width and its thickness. The length of at least the longest web element is at least 5 times as great as its width.

The width of the web element is 0.5 to 5 times as large as its thickness, advantageously 0.75 to 3 times as large as its thickness. If the width of the web element is 1 to 2 times as large as its thickness, a particularly preferred area results for which particularly good transverse mixing can be achieved. The width of the bar element is defined as the normal distance which extends from the first edge and the second edge of the bar element on the upstream side. The width of the web element on the upstream side can differ from the width measured on the downstream side of the web element.

An edge is understood to mean the edge of the web element against which the fluid flows and around which it flows, which extends essentially parallel to the length of the web element. The thickness of the bar element can be variable. The minimum thickness is less than 75% and advantageously less than 50% less than the maximum thickness. The variations can be caused, for example, by ribs, indentations, knobs, wedge-shaped webs or some other unevenness.

The web element can be characterized in that there are flat surfaces, convex or concave surfaces in the direction of flow, which offer a contact surface for the flowing fluid. These surfaces aligned in the direction of flow cause an increased Outflow resistance, especially in comparison with a tubular element, which can bring about an improved heat transfer.

The bar element channel, which runs in the interior of the bar element, preferably has an inner diameter which corresponds to a maximum of 75% of the thickness of the bar element. In principle, a plurality of web element channels running essentially in parallel can also be contained in one web.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the transition from at least one of the first and second ends of the bar element to the insert casing element takes place without a gap. The bar elements of the insert element and the insert casing element accordingly consist, according to an exemplary embodiment, of a single component, which is preferably produced by a casting process. A smooth transition from the bar element to the insert casing element is characteristic of the property that the transition is free of gaps. In particular, in the transition area from the web element to the insert casing element, roundings can be provided on the edges so that the flow of the pourable material is not impaired during the manufacturing process.

The bar element channels run in the interior of the bar elements, so that there is no connection between the channels in the interior of the bar elements and the space which surrounds the bar elements.

In a casting process, a monolithic structure consisting of first and second groups of web elements arranged at an angle not equal to zero relative to the main flow direction and an insert casing element firmly connected to at least some of the web elements, which can be designed as a casing tube, is produced at least in segments. Instead of a casting process, an additive manufacturing process can also be used.

Alternatively, there is also the possibility that the recesses of the insert casing element match the outer contour of the web element. According to this exemplary embodiment, the web element can be pushed through the recess of the insert casing element and thus positioned in the interior of the insert casing element. According to this exemplary embodiment, the web element can be connected to the insert casing element by gluing, soldering, welding, clamping, pressing in or shrinking.

The web elements have at least partially web element channels through which a heat transfer fluid can flow in the operating state. In the operating state, the bar element channels are not connected to the flowable medium which flows around the bar elements. The web element channels extend from a first end of the web element to a second end of the web element. The insert casing element each contains a corresponding insert element casing channel which is in fluid-conducting connection with the first end and second end of the web element, the transition from at least one of the first and second ends of the web element to the respectively corresponding insert element casing duct in the insert casing element taking place without a gap.

The bar element channels for the heat transfer fluid in the bar elements can be produced by the casting process described earlier or an additive manufacturing process, but can also be done by subsequent processing such as eroding or drilling.

In the casting process, for example, a casting mold is produced by means of a wax body, applying a ceramic shell to the wax body, then removing the wax and firing the ceramic shell, and when the ceramic shell is fired, it is filled with pourable material. The castable material is solidified by cooling and the ceramic shell is removed after the castable material has solidified. The device can be made of any materials that can be processed in the casting process, such as metal, plastic or ceramic. The web elements are advantageously designed to be rectangular, and the edges can also be rounded. The web elements can, however, also have a different cross-sectional shape from the group of circles, ellipses, rounded rectangles or polygons. The cross-sectional areas can be different in a single bar element or between several bar elements, for example the bar element thickness or the bar element width can vary. The insert casing element can have any closed cross section and / or any geometry, for example it can be designed as a tube or a rectangular channel.

A heat transfer fluid can include any liquid such as water or oils, but also a gas such as air.

The web elements are arranged at an angle of approximately 25 to 75 degrees, in particular at an angle of approximately 30 to 60 degrees to the main flow direction. The bar elements can form bar element groups, it being possible for the bar elements of each bar element group to be arranged parallel to one another. The Bar elements of a bar element group can be located in a common group level. According to one embodiment, the first and second group levels intersect. According to a further exemplary embodiment, a web element of the first group adjoins a web element of the second group. Adjacent web elements accordingly have a different orientation according to this exemplary embodiment, since they belong to different groups.

According to a preferred embodiment, adjacent web elements cross, since an improved heat exchange can be achieved in this way. The angle between two crossing web elements is advantageously 25 to 75 degrees. Any number of bar elements can be arranged next to each other in a group. The group is characterized in that the center axes of all bar elements span the same or essentially the same group level. In particular, 2 to 20 bar elements, particularly preferably 4 to 12 bar elements, are arranged in parallel in a group.

Any number of groups of bar elements can be arranged one behind the other as seen in the main flow direction. The groups arranged one behind the other are advantageously arranged in such a way that they overlap in order to accommodate as much active heat exchange surface as possible in a small volume of the apparatus. Overlapping is understood to mean that at least some of the web elements of a first group and some of the web elements of a subsequent group and / or a preceding group are arranged in the same pipe section, viewed in the main flow direction. The projection of the length of the bar element onto the longitudinal axis results in a length L1 and the projection of the overlapping part of the bar elements of the adjacent group onto the longitudinal axis results in a length L2, where L2 is less than L1 and L2 is greater than 0. The tube section under consideration is defined in such a way that it has the length L1, that is to say extends from a centrally arranged web element from its first end to its second end in the projection onto the longitudinal axis.

Since the mixing effect in identically aligned groups of web elements arranged one behind the other only takes place in one plane, after a certain number of groups the alignment is changed in such a way that the groups are advantageously arranged offset from one another. In particular, two up to and including 20 groups are provided, particularly preferably 4 up to and including 8 groups. The offset between the identically aligned groups is advantageously carried out at an angle of 80 to 100 degrees. The means that the second group is oriented around the longitudinal axis at an angle of 80 to 100 degrees with respect to the first group.

In addition to the groups of intersecting bar elements described above, groups which contain bar elements that only extend from the inner wall of the casing element to the intersection line with the other group can be arranged specifically in the terminating area of identically aligned parallel groups of bar elements. In the following, these groups are referred to as half intersecting bridge groups. These groups lead to an additional increase in mixing performance. Due to the better mixing effect and the additional heat conduction effects of the web material, the heat exchange is also increased.

According to one embodiment, the web elements can form a first and a second group. Each of the first and second groups can span a first or second group level. In particular, the first group level of the first group can intersect with the second group level of the second group in such a way that a common intersection line is formed which has an intersection point with the longitudinal axis or runs essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis and / or in a plane normal to the intersection line, which contains the longitudinal axis, has a minimum distance from the longitudinal axis. According to one embodiment, at least one group of web elements can be provided, which extend essentially up to the intersection line.
The web elements in a first and second group can touch one another or have spaces between them. A connection of the intermediate spaces with connecting webs arranged transversely to the direction of fluid flow is also possible.

The heat transfer fluid is advantageously fed to the jacket element and flows through a jacket channel located in the jacket element. The jacket channel adjoins the intermediate jacket element. The intermediate jacket element has openings which lead to the insert jacket channels. From there, the heat transfer fluid reaches at least some of the bar element channels of the bar elements. As a result, not only the surface of the inner wall of the insert casing element, but also the surface of the heated or cooled bar elements can be used as a heat exchange surface. The jacket channel can be formed on the inside by the intermediate jacket element and on the outside by the jacket element. An inlet and an outlet for the heat transfer fluid can be provided in the jacket element. In particular, the jacket element can contain connections for the supply and discharge of the heat transfer fluid. The jacket channel can have several Contain casing element chambers, wherein the heat transfer fluid can be distributed to a part of the intermediate casing element channels in at least one casing element chamber. The heat transfer fluid from the intermediate jacket element channels can be collected in at least one second jacket element chamber, so that the flow through the heat exchanger is as uniform as possible. It is also possible for heat transfer fluid to flow through different sections or segments of the heat exchanger through separate jacket ducts, so that the heat exchanger contains different sections or segments through which heat transfer fluid at different temperatures can flow. This allows different temperature control in the individual segments. It has been shown that for a high heat transfer in a small apparatus volume with jacket element diameters of 60 mm and more, the heat transfer fluid should flow through at least half of all web elements.

It has been shown that both a casting process, an additive manufacturing process, a soldering process, an adhesive process, a shrink-fit process, a clamping process and a welding process can be cost-effective manufacturing processes for bar elements and an insert casing element that is monolithically connected to the web elements without gaps if the insert casing element is from a Is surrounded intermediate jacket element, which can withstand a high pressure load in the operating state. The insert element, comprising the insert casing element, can be produced in one piece with the corresponding web elements. Alternatively, the insert element can consist of individual segments which are subsequently connected, for example, by welding or screwed flange connections or by bracing. Furthermore, both for a welding process and for a casting process, the external geometry of the bar elements and the bar element geometry and the geometry of the bar element channels for the heat transfer fluid can easily be decoupled. For example, rectangular profiles can advantageously be used for the outer geometry of the web elements and the web element channel geometry can advantageously be selected as a round cross section, that is to say in particular a circular or oval cross section. Therefore, bar elements with an ideal profile for cross-mixing and / or high intrinsic strength can be produced for high maximum fluid pressures. It has been shown that the bar element channels for the heat transfer fluid in the bar elements are advantageously produced after the casting process by erosion and even more advantageously by drilling, so that bar element channels with small diameters can also be produced.

It has also been shown that with the groups of web elements according to the invention and especially with groups in which adjacent web elements intersect and / or especially with overlapping groups of web elements, very good heat transfer and / or mixing performance can be generated. In particular, the arrangement of a second group, which is offset by 80 to 100 degrees from the first group, can be beneficial for good heat transfer. Surprisingly, it has also been shown that especially the addition of additional subgroups and especially in the case of viscous fluids a further improvement in the heat transfer and / or the mixing performance can be achieved.

The heat transfer and / or the mixing performance in the vicinity of the inner wall of the insert casing element is also significantly improved by the direct transition of the web elements into the insert casing element, since boundary layers of the flowable medium on the inner wall also contribute to achieving an optimal heat transfer or a homogeneous mixture . In particular, not only an optimal renewal of the boundary layers between the flowable medium and the insert casing element, but also between the flowable medium and the web element surface can be generated. An optimal renewal of the boundary layer therefore leads to an optimal use of the heat exchange surface. The optimal use of the heat exchange surface also means that the heat exchanger can be built for a given cooling or heating task with a very small apparatus volume and with a very small pressure drop.

Thanks to the optimized heat transfer, the heat exchanger according to the invention shows a very narrow residence time spectrum of the flowable medium to be heated or cooled. In this way, deposits or decomposition of the flowable medium can be prevented in the best possible way. For cooling tasks that involve the cooling of a viscous fluid such as a polymer, a very low melt temperature close to the freezing point can be achieved thanks to the optimal renewal of the boundary layers. This in particular prevents solidified polymer from being deposited on the heat exchange surfaces. The direct transition of the individual web elements into the insert casing element and the housing of the insert element in the intermediate casing element leads to a very stable construction which is also suitable for operation with high fluid operating pressures. As a result, the heat exchanger according to the invention can be made very compact, especially for operation with viscous fluids. The device is basically suitable for mixing and cooling or heating any flowable media such as Liquids and gases, but especially for viscous and very viscous fluids such as polymers.

The jacket element, the intermediate jacket element and the insert element can contain castable or weldable materials, for example metals, ceramics, plastics or combinations of these materials can be used.

A method for operating a heat exchanger contains the following method steps, the heat exchanger containing an insert element and a casing element, the insert element comprising at least one web element arranged at an angle not equal to zero with respect to the main flow direction and an insert casing element firmly connected to the web element, the web element comprising a Contains bar element channel through which a heat transfer fluid flows in the operating state, which is not in connection with the flowable medium which flows around the bar element. The bar element channel extends from a first end of the bar element to a second end of the bar element. The jacket element can contain a jacket channel which is in fluid-conducting connection with the web element channel. An intermediate jacket element is arranged between the insert element and the jacket element, which contains a first intermediate jacket element channel and a second intermediate jacket element channel through which the heat transfer fluid flows, so that the heat carrier fluid flows from the jacket channel through the first intermediate jacket element channel into the bar element channel, flows through the bar element channel and from the bar element channel through the second Between the casing element duct flows into the casing duct.

A method for producing a heat exchanger which contains an insert element and a jacket element, the insert element comprising at least one web element arranged at an angle not equal to zero with respect to the main flow direction and an insert jacket element firmly connected to the web element comprising the following method steps. The bar element and the insert casing element are produced by an adhesive process, soldering process, casting process, additive manufacturing process, a welding process, clamping process or a shrinking process or combinations thereof. The bar element contains a bar element channel which is produced by the casting process together with the insert casing element or is produced in a further work step by means of a drilling process or an erosion process. A bar element channel extends from a first end of the bar element to a second end of the bar element, the insert element in the Sheath element is positioned. The jacket element can contain a jacket channel which, in the assembled state, is in fluid-conducting connection with the web element channel. Between the insert element and the jacket element, an intermediate jacket element is arranged, which contains a first intermediate jacket element channel and a second intermediate jacket element channel, the intermediate jacket element being positioned in the jacket element in such a way and the insert element being positioned in the intermediate jacket element in such a way that the heat transfer fluid from the jacket channel through the first intermediate jacket element channel into the web element channel can flow, can flow through the bar element channel and can flow from the bar element channel through the second intermediate jacket element channel into the jacket channel.

The use of an intermediate jacket element has various advantages. The insert element can thus be made much thinner and lighter. Therefore, a different material, for example a higher-quality material, can be used for the insert element than for the intermediate jacket element. In particular, the insert element can contain a material which has a high thermal conductivity or a high resistance to chemicals, for example corrosion resistance. The insert element can be manufactured in one piece together with the bar elements by an additive manufacturing process or casting process. Since the production of the insert element is very complex, it can be stored as a semi-finished product and the intermediate jacket element can be adapted to the required wall thickness depending on the application and nominal pressure. The jacket element which surrounds the intermediate jacket element can be designed as a further double jacket through which the heat transfer fluid flows in the operating state. The heat transfer fluid passes through the openings in the jacket element and in the intermediate jacket element as well as in the insert jacket element to at least one of the web elements, so that it can flow through the web element or elements.

• Fig. 1a: einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 1b: einen Radialschnitt durch den Wärmetauscher gemäss Fig. 1a,
• Fig. 2a: einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 2b: einen Radialschnitt durch den Wärmetauscher gemäss Fig. 2a,
• Fig. 3a: einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher nach einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 3b: einen Radialschnitt durch den Wärmetauscher gemäss Fig. 3a,
• Fig. 4a: einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher nach einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 4b einen Längsschnitt durch einen Wärmetauscher nach einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 4c: einen Radialschnitt durch den Wärmetauscher gemäss Fig. 4a oder Fig. 4b.

The heat exchanger according to the invention is illustrated below with the aid of a few exemplary embodiments. Show it

• Fig. 1a : a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger according to a first embodiment,
• Figure 1b : a radial section through the heat exchanger according to Fig. 1a ,
• Fig. 2a : a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment,
• Figure 2b : a radial section through the heat exchanger according to Fig. 2a ,
• Fig. 3a : a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger according to a third embodiment,
• Figure 3b : a radial section through the heat exchanger according to Fig. 3a ,
• Figure 4a : a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger according to a fourth embodiment,
• Figure 4b a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger according to a fifth embodiment,
• Figure 4c : a radial section through the heat exchanger according to Fig. 4a or 4b .

Fig. 1a shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger according to a first embodiment. The heat exchanger 1 for static mixing and heat exchange according to Fig. 1a contains a casing element 2 and an insert element 3, the insert element 3 being arranged in the interior of the casing element 2 in the operating state. The jacket element 2 is designed as a hollow body. The insert element is received in the hollow body. The insert element 3 has a longitudinal axis 4 which extends essentially in the main flow direction of the flowable medium which flows through the jacket element 2 in the operating state. The insert element 3 contains an insert casing element 31 and at least one web element 9, 10. The web element 9, 10 has a first end 13 and a second end 14, the first end 13 and the second end 14 of the web element 9, 10 with the insert casing element 31 is connected in different places. The bar element 9, 10 contains a bar element channel 11, 12. The bar element channel 11, 12 extends from the first end 13 of the bar element 9, 10 to the second end 14 of the bar element 9, 10. The jacket element 2 contains a jacket channel 21 that connects to the bar element channel 11, 12 is in fluid communication. An intermediate jacket element 5 is arranged between the insert jacket element 31 and the jacket element 2.

Fig. 1a shows a first bar element 9 through which the longitudinal section is made so that its bar element channel 11 is visible and a second bar element 12, which is shown cut open, so that the projection of its cross-sectional area in FIG Cutting plane is visible. This arrangement is only to be regarded as an example, that is to say the heat exchanger could also contain only a single web element 9 or further web elements.

The length of a bar element 9 is understood to mean the dimension from the first end 13 to the second end 14 of the bar element 9 along its central axis. The thickness of the web element is understood to mean the dimension normal to the central axis from one edge to the opposite edge. In particular, in the case of tubular web elements, the thickness can correspond to the diameter of the web element 9.

The bar element channel 11 can open into a first insert element casing channel 32 at the first end 13 of the bar element 9. The first insert element casing channel 32 runs through the insert casing element 31 from its inner wall to its outer wall. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the insert element casing channel 32 can extend in the radial direction.

The bar element channel 11 can open into a second insert element casing channel 33 at the second end 14 of the bar element 9. The second insert element casing channel 33 runs through the insert casing element 31 from its inner wall to its outer wall.

Figure 1b shows a radial section through the heat exchanger 1 according to Fig. 1a . The radial section is laid through the web element channel 11 in order to illustrate its course. The intermediate casing element 5 is shown hatched, the hatching of the insert element 3 and the casing element 2 are omitted in order to keep the illustration clear. The space enclosed by the insert element 3 contains the flowable medium, for example a polymer melt. The web elements 9, 10 are flowed around by the flowable medium in the operating state. The flowable medium impinges on the web element 9, whereby the flow of the same is divided and deflected. The divided and deflected flow of the flowable medium impinges on the downstream web element 10, by means of which the divided and deflected flow of the flowable medium is again divided and deflected. A progressive division and deflection of the flow of the flowable medium leads to its heat exchange and / or mixing. A heat transfer fluid, which is used to heat or cool the flowable medium, can flow through the bar element channels 11, 12. In the sectional view according to Figure 1b it becomes clear in particular for the bar element channel 11 that there is a continuous connection from the jacket element chamber 23 of the jacket element 2 to the jacket element chamber 22. The intermediate jacket element 5 contains an intermediate jacket element channel 51, which forms a connection between the jacket element chamber 23 and the insert element jacket channel 32. The bar element channel 11 adjoins the insert element casing channel 32. The insert element casing channel 33 adjoins the bar element channel 11. The insert element jacket channel 33 is connected to the jacket element chamber 22 via the intermediate jacket element channel 52. The supply of the heat transfer fluid to the casing element chamber 23 and the discharge of the heat transfer fluid from the casing element chamber 22 are not shown in the drawing here. The shell element chamber 22 is separated from the shell element chamber 23 by a first separating element 26 and a second separating element 27, so that a heat transfer fluid supplied to the heat exchanger with a temperature T1 cannot be mixed with a heat transfer fluid with a temperature T2 derived from the heat exchanger and efficient cooling or heating of the flowable medium can take place.

Fig. 2a shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger 1 according to a second embodiment. The heat exchanger 1 contains an insert element 3, an intermediate jacket element 5 and a jacket element 2. The insert element 3 comprises a first and second group 6, 7 of web elements 9, 10 and one fixed to at least a part of the main flow direction at an angle other than zero Bar elements 9, 10 connected to the insert casing element 31. The bar elements 9, 10 contain bar element channels 11, 12. A heat transfer fluid flows through these bar element channels 11, 12 in the operating state. The heat transfer fluid is not in contact with the flowable medium which flows around the web elements 9, 10. Fig. 2a shows a first insert element 3 and a second insert element 3 which have the same structure. An intermediate jacket element 5 and a jacket element 2 can be provided for each of the first and second insert elements 3. Alternatively, each of the first and second insert elements 3 or the intermediate jacket elements 5 or the jacket elements can each form a single component, which is not shown in the drawing. Each of the first or second insert elements 3 comprises a first group 6 of bar elements 9, 10 and a second group 7 of bar elements 9, 10. In Fig. 2a a first group 16 and a second group 17 of bar elements which are associated with the second insert element 3 are also shown. Since the two shown insert elements 3, the intermediate casing elements 5 and the casing elements 2 are constructed in the same way, for the sake of clarity the reference symbols for the right-hand insert element 3, the associated intermediate casing element 5 and the casing element 2 have been omitted. To this first and second groups 6, 7, 16, 17 can connect further groups of web elements, which is also not shown in the drawing. According to the present exemplary embodiment, all group pairs have the same structure. The following description therefore applies to the first groups 6, 16 and the second groups 7, 17. Each group can comprise a plurality of web elements. Depending on the size of the space and / or the width of the web elements, 2 to 20, preferably 4 to 12, web elements of a group can be arranged parallel to one another.

The first group 6 of web elements 9 extends along a common first group level. The group level contains the longitudinal axis of a bar element channel 11 running inside the bar element 9 when the bar element channel 11 is arranged in such a way that its longitudinal axis coincides with the center axis of the bar element 9. In the present illustration, the group level runs normal to the drawing level.

The second group 7 of web elements extends along a second common group level. The second group level is defined in the same way as the first group level. The first and second group levels intersect. In the present illustration, they intersect exactly on the longitudinal axis 4 of the insert element 3. A web element 9 of the first group adjoins a web element 10 of the second group. The bar element 9 is thus arranged crosswise to the bar element 10. The bar elements of the first group 6 thus alternate with the bar elements of the second group 7. The bar element 9 is cut along its longitudinal axis so that half of the bar element channel 11 is visible. The bar element 10 is located behind the bar element 9 in relation to the plane of the drawing. It is therefore not sectioned and the bar element channel 12 running through the bar element 10 is shown only by means of a dashed line. The bar element channel 11 of the bar element 9 of the first group runs from a first end 13 to a second end 14 of the bar element. The bar element channel 11, 12 can have a cross-sectional area in the form of a round element. The round element can comprise an element from the group of circles, ellipses, rounded rectangles or polygons.

According to one embodiment, the group level of the first group 6 intersects the group level of the second group 7 in such a way that a common intersection line is formed which has an intersection with the longitudinal axis 4 or runs essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis and / or in a plane normal to the intersection line , those who Contains longitudinal axis, has a minimum distance from the longitudinal axis. As a result of this arrangement, the web elements 9, 10 have a symmetrical configuration with respect to the sectional plane, so that the heat exchange in the sub-area of the room located above the longitudinal axis is essentially as good as in the sub-area of the room located below the longitudinal axis.

The first and second group levels are arranged at an angle of 25 to 75 degrees to the longitudinal axis 4. In the present illustration, the angle is 30 to 60 degrees to the longitudinal axis 4, in many cases essentially 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis 4.

The jacket element 2 contains a jacket channel 21 which can contain a plurality of jacket element chambers 22, 23. The jacket channel 21 contains a supply line 24 and a discharge line 25 for a heat transfer fluid. The supply line 24 can comprise an inlet connection. The discharge line 25 can comprise a drain connection. The jacket channel 21 contains a distribution channel for the distribution of the heat transfer fluid to a plurality of intermediate element channels 51 and a collecting channel for the merging of the heat transfer fluid from a plurality of intermediate element channels 52. an insert element casing channel 33 with the first and second ends 13, 14 of the web element in fluid-conducting connection. For each of the bar elements 9, 10, which contains a bar element channel 11, 12, the insert element jacket channel 32 forms a feed channel which feeds the heat transfer fluid to the corresponding bar element channel 11, 12 in the bar element 9, 10 and the insert element jacket channel 33 forms a discharge channel which the Conducts heat transfer fluid from the bar element channel 11, 12 in the corresponding bar element 9, 10 into the intermediate jacket element channel 52 and the jacket element chamber 23. In Fig. 2a the web element 9 of the group 6 or 16 is shown in section, the web elements 10 of the group 7 and 17 are in the plane of the drawing behind. The bar element channels 12 in these bar elements 10 are not visible; they are drawn in with dashed lines.

The transition of the bar element channel 11, 12 from at least one of the first and second ends 13, 14 of the bar element 9, 10 to the respectively corresponding insert element casing duct 32, 33 in the insert casing element 31 of the insert element 3 takes place without a gap. The web elements 9, 10 of the insert element 3 can accordingly be designed as a single component which, for example, by a welding process Shrinking process or by a casting process or additive manufacturing process can be produced.

So that the bar elements 9, 10 and the corresponding bar element channels 11, 12 can be produced without errors, in particular without voids, in particular in the casting process, and to optimize the flow of the flowable medium outside the bar elements or also to optimize the flow of the heat transfer fluid in the bar element channels 11, 12 as well as the insert jacket channels 32, 33, the transitions from the insert jacket element 31 to the bar element channel 11, 12 can be provided with curves, which is not shown in the drawing. Each of the roundings can in particular have a radius of at least 0.5 mm to 10 mm.

Any number of groups 6, 7, 16, 17 of bar elements can be arranged one behind the other as seen in the main flow direction. The insert element 3 can also consist only of a first group 6 and a second group 7 of bar elements. Therefore, in the description, the first group 6 and the second group 7 are regarded as representative of a plurality of further similar first or second groups. How many pairs of groups are provided in each individual case depends on the specific heat exchange and / or mixing task. This means that if only the first and the second group are described in the following documents, it cannot be deduced from this that only this particular embodiment is disclosed, rather embodiments with a plurality of group pairs, each of these group pairs consisting of a first and a second group should be included in this description. For the sake of simplicity, the description is restricted to one of the group pairs.

Each of the groups can have the same structure as the previous group; the structure of adjacent groups can also differ from one another. Each of the in Figures 1a to 4c The exemplary embodiments shown can be combined as desired with any other exemplary embodiment.

It is also possible, at least in part, to use groups whose bar elements do not contain a bar element channel. Furthermore, web elements can be provided which form subgroups. A web element of such a subgroup can, for example, only extend from the insert casing element 31 to the longitudinal axis 4, which is not shown in the drawing. Such sub-groups can be formed in particular at the beginning or end of the insert element 3. Subgroups can be used in particular to avoid Gaps, which occur when several heat exchangers are arranged in series. If such a gap remains, the flowable medium is offered fewer possibilities of diversion and consequently the heat exchange can deteriorate or decrease.

According to a variant, the subgroups forming the end of the insert element can also contain bar element channels.

The bar element channels 11, 12 run in the interior of the bar elements 9, 10, so that there is no connection between the bar element channels in the interior of the bar elements and the space which surrounds the bar elements. In the operating state, the room contains the flowable medium.

The groups arranged one behind the other can be arranged in such a way that they overlap in order to provide as much active heat exchange surface as possible in the volume formed by the jacket element 2. Overlapping is understood to mean that at least some of the web elements of a first group and some of the web elements of a subsequent group and / or some of the web elements of a preceding group are arranged in the same pipe section viewed in the main flow direction. The projection of the length of the bar element onto the longitudinal axis results in a length L1 and the projection of the overlapping part of the bar elements of the adjacent group onto the longitudinal axis results in a length L2, where L2 is less than L1 and L2 is greater than 0. The tube section under consideration is defined in such a way that it has the length L1, that is to say represents the envelope volume of the centrally arranged web element 9. In the case of a cylindrical jacket element with a circular cross section, the envelope volume is an envelope cylinder, and in the case of a jacket element with a rectangular or polygonal cross section it is an envelope cuboid.

Figure 2b shows a radial section through the static mixer 1 according to Fig. 2a . According to this exemplary embodiment, the radial section is not laid through the bar element channel 11, since its course corresponds to that in FIG Figure 1b would correspond to the course shown. The intermediate casing element 5 is shown hatched, the hatching of the insert element 3 and the casing element 2 are omitted in order to keep the illustration clear. Same parts are in this Figure 2b referred to identically and no longer described, as far as the description is already in connection with Figures 1a, 1b or Fig. 2a has been made. Figure 2b shows a bar element 9 belonging to group 6 and two bar elements 10 belonging to group 7. According to the present illustration, group 6 contains two further bar elements with bar element channels.

In the left-hand part of the Figure 2b Most of the insert jacket channels 32, 33 run in an essentially radial direction, which is illustrated by means of dashed lines. Most of the intermediate jacket element channels 51, 52 also run in a substantially radial direction.

In the right-hand part of the Figure 2b the insert jacket channels 32, 33 run in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bar element, which is illustrated by means of dashed lines. The intermediate jacket element channels 51, 52 also run essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the web element.

Fig. 3a shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger 1 according to a third embodiment, wherein Fig. 3a shows two variants of the heat exchanger 1. The heat exchanger 1 for static mixing and heat exchange according to Fig. 3a contains a casing element 2 and an insert element 3, the insert element 3 being arranged in the interior of the casing element 2 in the operating state. The insert element 3 differs from the previous exemplary embodiments in that the bar element channel 11 of the bar element 9 is designed without kinks. The longitudinal axis of the bar element channel 11 coincides with the longitudinal axis of the insert jacket channels 32, 33. The heat transfer fluid can thus flow through the insert element 3 without deflection. According to a first variant, the longitudinal axis of the intermediate jacket element channel 51 also coincides with the longitudinal axis of the web element 9. The intermediate jacket element channel 51 thus forms the continuation of the insert element jacket channel 32.

According to a second variant, the longitudinal axis of the intermediate jacket element channel 52 extends in a substantially radial direction. Therefore, a kink is formed between the insert element casing channel 32 and the intermediate casing element channel 52, which is on the lower side of the Fig. 3a is shown.

According to this variant, the bar element 9 and the bar element 10 are arranged at an angle other than 90 degrees, which is shown in FIG Figure 3b is visible.

Figure 4a shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger 1 according to a fourth embodiment. The bar elements 9, 10 of the insert element 3 are arranged essentially in the radial direction, that is, the longitudinal axis of the bar elements 9, 10 extends at an angle of 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis 4. The bar elements 9, 10 can have a circular or oval cross-section.

Figure 4b shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger 1 according to a fifth embodiment, which extends from the heat exchanger 1 according to the FIG Figure 4a The exemplary embodiment shown differs in that at least one of the web elements 9, 10 has a rectangular cross-sectional area.

A first insert element 3 according to Figure 4a or each of the previous exemplary embodiments can be provided with a second insert element according to Figure 4b or any of the previous exemplary embodiments can be combined. The jacket element or elements 2 and the intermediate jacket element or elements 5 can be of identical design. They are arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis 4 in order to provide a heat exchanger of greater overall length and with improved efficiency.

The first casing element 2 and / or the first insert element 3 can be rotated by an angle of 20 degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the second casing element 2 and the second insert element 3. The supply of heat transfer fluid to the mixing chamber takes place via a first supply line, not shown, and its removal via a first discharge line, not shown. Because the second casing element 2 and / or the second insert element 3 is rotated in its entirety by an angle of 20 degrees to 90 degrees to the first casing element 2, the second inlet and the second outlet can also be rotated by an angle of 20 degrees to 90 degrees be.

Figure 4c shows a radial section through the heat exchanger according to Fig. 4a or 4b , whereby the radial section does not differ from the representation according to Figure 1b differs, so referring to the description too Figure 1b can be referenced.

The arrangement of the bar elements to one another can take place at any angles. Bar elements of any cross-sectional area can be combined with one another in an insert element 3. In particular, each bar element 9 of a group 6 can also differ from the other bar elements of the same group. In particular, each bar element 10 of a group 7 can differ from the other bar elements of the same group. The bar elements of group 6 can also differ from the bar elements of group 7.

A plurality of identical or different web elements 9 can be arranged along the first group level. A plurality of identical or different web elements 10 can be arranged along the second group level. The angle at which the displayed intersection line of the first group level in the plane of the drawing according to one of the Fig. 1a , 2a , 3a , 4a with the longitudinal axis 4 may differ from the angle which the illustrated intersection line of the second group plane in the plane of the drawing includes with the longitudinal axis 4. The web widths of the web elements of the first group 6 can also differ from one another and / or from the web widths of the web elements of the second group 7.

Adjacent groups can optionally have parallel group planes or also include different angles to the longitudinal axis 4.

According to a further variant, not shown, more than two groups can cross and also be connected to one another via common connecting elements. The connecting elements can, for example, comprise transverse webs. A bar element can also consist of a plurality of bar element sections. For example, adjacent web element sections can enclose an angle to one another. It would also be possible for the first web element section and the second web element section to be connected to one another via a curved section, this variant not being shown in the drawing either.

The invention is not restricted to the present exemplary embodiments. The bar elements can differ in their number and in their dimensions. Furthermore, the number of bar element channels in the bar elements can differ depending on the required heat for the heat transfer. The angles of inclination that the groups include with respect to the longitudinal axis can also vary depending on the application. More than two insert elements can also be arranged one behind the other.

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that many further modifications in addition to the exemplary embodiments described are possible without deviating from the inventive concept. The subject matter of the invention is therefore not restricted by the preceding description and is determined by the scope of protection which is defined by the claims. The broadest possible reading of the claims is decisive for the interpretation of the claims or the description. In particular, the terms “contain” or “include” are to be interpreted in such a way that they refer to elements, components or steps in a non-exclusive sense, which is intended to indicate that the elements, components or steps can be present or are used that they can be combined with other elements, components or steps that are not explicitly mentioned. When the claims relate to an element or component selected from a group consisting of A, B, C ... N Elements or components, this formulation is to be interpreted in such a way that only a single element of this group is required, and not a combination of A and N, B and N or any other combination of two or more elements or components of this group.

Claims (13)

1. A heat exchanger (1) comprising a jacket element (2) and an insert element (3), wherein the insert element (3) is arranged in the operating state inside the jacket element (2), wherein the insert element (3) has a longitudinal axis (4), wherein the insert element (3) includes an insert jacket element (31) and at least one web element (9, 10), arranged in an angle of 25 degrees up to and including 75 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis (4), the web element (9, 10) having a first end (13) and a second end (14), the first end (13) and the second end (14) of the web element (9, 10) being connected to the insert jacket element (31) at different locations, the web element (9, 10) comprising a web element channel (11, 12), the web element channel (11, 12) extending from the first end (13) of the web element (9, 10) to the second end (14) of the web element (9, 10), characterized in that the insert jacket element (31) includes an insert jacket channel (32, 33) which is fluid-conductively connected to one of the web element channels (11, 12), wherein an intermediate jacket element (5) is arranged between the insert jacket element (31) and the jacket element (2), wherein the insert jacket channel (32, 33) is fluidly connected to an intermediate jacket element channel (51, 52).
2. The heat exchanger (1) of claim 1, wherein the insert jacket element (31) has an average wall thickness which is smaller than the mean wall thickness of the intermediate jacket element (5).
3. The heat exchanger (1) of one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the insert jacket element (31) and the intermediate jacket element (5) are arranged at least partially adjacent to each other.
4. The heat exchanger (1) of one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the jacket element (2) includes a jacket channel (21) which is in fluid communication with the web element channel (11, 12), wherein the jacket channel (21) may contain a heat transfer fluid.
5. The heat exchanger (1) of claim 4, wherein the jacket channel (21) includes a plurality of jacket element chambers (22, 23).
6. The heat exchanger (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the web elements (9, 10) are connected to the insert jacket element (31) by at least one of the methods from the group consisting of gluing, soldering, casting, an additive manufacturing process, welding, clamping, shrink-fitting.
7. The heat exchanger (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the insert jacket element (31) and the web elements (9, 10) are integrally formed.
8. The heat exchanger (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the insert element (31) and the intermediate jacket element (5) contain different materials.
9. The heat exchanger (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall thicknesses of the insert element (31) and the intermediate jacket element (5) together amount to at least 10 mm.
10. The heat exchanger (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the jacket channel (21) includes a supply line (24) for a heat transfer fluid and a discharge line (25) for the heat transfer fluid or wherein each of the jacket element chambers (22, 23) contains either the supply line (24) or the discharge line (25) for the heat transfer fluid or wherein each of the supply lines (24) or discharge lines (25) is connected to at least one of each intermediate jacket element channels (51, 52).
11. The heat exchanger (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein a jacket element chamber (22, 23) is designed as a heat transfer fluid distributor, when the jacket element chamber (22, 23) contains a supply line (24) or wherein a jacket element chamber (22, 23) is formed as a heat transfer fluid collector when the jacket element chamber (22, 23) contains a discharge line (25).
12. A method for operating a heat exchanger, which contains an insert element (3) and a jacket element (2), wherein the insert element (3) has a longitudinal axis (4), wherein the insert element (3) comprises an insert jacket element (31) and at least one web element (9, 10), wherein the insert element comprises a web element (9, 10) arranged at an angle of 25 up to and including 75 degrees to the longitudinal axis (4) with respect to the main flow direction and an insert jacket element (31) fixedly connected to the web element (9, 10), wherein the web element (9, 10) contains a web element channel (11, 12), which is flowed through by a heat transfer fluid in the operating state, which is not in communication with the flowable medium, which flows around the web element (9, 10), wherein the web element channel (11, 12) extends from a first end (13) of the web element (9, 10) to a second end (14) of the web element (9, 10), characterized in that the insert jacket element (31) includes an insert jacket channel (32, 33) which is fluid-conductively connected to one of the web element channels (11, 12), wherein an intermediate jacket element (5) is arranged between the insert element (3) and the jacket element (2), wherein the intermediate jacket element (5) contains a first intermediate jacket element channel (51) and a second intermediate jacket element channel (52), which is flowed through by the heat transfer fluid, such that the insert jacket channel (32, 33) is fluidly connected to the first and second intermediate jacket element channel (51, 52) so that the heat transfer fluid flows from the jacket channel (21) through the first intermediate jacket element channel (51) in the web element channel (11, 12) and flows through the web element channel (11, 12) and flows from the web element channel (11, 12) through the second intermediate jacket element channel (52) into the jacket channel (21).
13. A method for producing a heat exchanger, which comprises an insert element (3) and a jacket element (2), wherein the insert element (3) comprises a web element (9, 10) arranged at an angle of 25 up to and including 75 degrees to a longitudinal axis (4) with respect to the main flow direction and an insert jacket element (31) fixedly connected to the web element (9, 10), wherein the web element (9, 10) and the insert jacket element (31) are manufactured by a method from the group consisting of gluing, soldering, casting, an additive manufacturing method, welding method, a clamping method or a shrink-fitting method, wherein the web element (9, 10) comprises a web element channel (11, 12) which is produced by the casting method together with the insert jacket element (31) or produced in a further step by means of a drilling method or an erosion method, wherein the web element channel (11, 12) extends from a first end (13) of the web element (9, 10) to a second end (14) of the web element (9,10), characterized in that that the insert jacket element (31) includes an insert jacket channel (32, 33) which is fluid-conductively connected to one of the web element channels (11, 12), wherein the insert element (3) is positioned in the jacket element (3), wherein an intermediate jacket element (5) is arranged between the insert element (3) and the jacket element (2), which includes a first intermediate jacket element channel (51) and a second intermediate jacket element channel (52), wherein the insert jacket channel (32, 33) is fluidly connected to the first and second intermediate jacket channel (51, 52), wherein the intermediate jacket element (5) is positioned in the jacket element (2) and the insert element (3) is positioned in the intermediate jacket element (5) such that the heat transfer fluid can flow through the jacket channel (21) to the first intermediate jacket element channel (51), into the web element channel (11, 12) and can flow through the web element channel (11, 12) and from the web element channel (11, 12) through the second intermediate jacket element channel (52) into the jacket channel (21).

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