EP3478877A1 - Systeme electrolytique pour la synthese du perchlorate de sodium avec anode a surface externe en diamant dope au bore - Google Patents
Systeme electrolytique pour la synthese du perchlorate de sodium avec anode a surface externe en diamant dope au boreInfo
- Publication number
- EP3478877A1 EP3478877A1 EP17740459.7A EP17740459A EP3478877A1 EP 3478877 A1 EP3478877 A1 EP 3478877A1 EP 17740459 A EP17740459 A EP 17740459A EP 3478877 A1 EP3478877 A1 EP 3478877A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- anode
- cathode
- sodium
- boron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/28—Per-compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
- C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
Definitions
- the invention relates in particular to an electrolytic system for the synthesis of sodium perchlorate by electrochemical oxidation of sodium chlorate.
- Ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 CIO 4 ) is used in the space industry as a constituent of propellant shipments and is typically synthesized from sodium perchlorate (NaClO 4 ).
- Sodium perchlorate can, for its part, be obtained by electrochemical oxidation of sodium chlorate (NaCIOs).
- the electrochemical oxidation of sodium chlorate to sodium perchlorate is carried out with an electrolytic system comprising an anode and a cathode present in a bath comprising sodium chlorate.
- the oxidation reaction of the chlorate ion at the anode is accompanied by parasitic reactions at the cathode generating for example the formation of chlorine.
- the invention aims specifically to meet the aforementioned need.
- an electrolytic system for the synthesis of sodium perchlorate by electrochemical oxidation of sodium chlorate comprising at least:
- an electrolyte comprising sodium chlorate
- an anode present in the electrolyte having a boron-doped diamond outer surface
- the electrolytic system according to the invention implements an anode having an electrically active outer surface formed of a particular material and advantageously makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the electrochemical oxidation of sodium chlorate to sodium perchlorate.
- the anode may comprise an electrically conductive substrate coated with a boron-doped diamond coating.
- Such a configuration is advantageous insofar as it implements an anode having a limited amount of boron doped diamond and therefore reduced cost.
- an entirely boron-doped diamond anode may be used.
- the cathode may have an outer surface of a metal alloy having a mass content of chromium of between 5% and 25%.
- the implementation of such a cathode makes it possible, therefore, to render superfluous the step of separating sodium perchlorate from the dichromate or fluoride additive and thus to simplify the process for obtaining sodium perchlorate by electrochemical oxidation of sodium chlorate.
- the electrolyte may be free of fluoride or alkali metal dichromate.
- the metal alloy of the cathode may have a chromium mass content of between 10% and 25%, for example between 10% and 20%.
- the metal alloy of the cathode may be a steel, a nickel alloy or a zirconium alloy.
- a cathode having an outer surface of nickel or zirconium could be used.
- a cathode made entirely of nickel or zirconium could be used.
- the concentration of sodium chlorate in the electrolyte may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mol / L.
- the concentration of sodium chlorate in the electrolyte may be greater than or equal to 0.5 mol / L.
- the concentration of sodium chlorate in the electrolyte may for example be between 0.5 mol / L and Cs where Cs denotes the saturation concentration of sodium chlorate in the electrolyte, for example between 0.5 mol / L and 5 mol / L.
- the system may comprise a first chamber in which the electrolyte, the anode and the cathode are present and a second chamber, distinct from the first chamber, in which the electrolyte is present, the system being able to further comprising an electrolyte circulation circuit configured to flush the electrolyte between the first and second chambers.
- the invention provides a process for the manufacture of sodium perchlorate comprising a step of electrochemical oxidation of sodium chlorate to sodium perchlorate by implementing a system as described above.
- the current density imposed during the electrochemical oxidation can be between 1000 A / m 2 and 20000 A / m 2 , for example between 1000 A / m 2 and 5000 A / m 2 .
- FIG. 1 schematically represents an example of a system according to the invention
- FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically represent anode structures that can be used in the system of FIG. 1,
- FIGS. 4 and 5 schematically represent cathode structures that can be used in the system of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 6 is a graph obtained experimentally comparing the formation kinetics of sodium perchlorate obtained by implementing a system according to the invention with that obtained by implementing a system outside the invention, and
- FIG. 7 is a graph obtained experimentally comparing the gas flow rates generated during the use of a system according to the invention and a system outside the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically an example of electrolytic system 1 according to the invention.
- This system 1 is configured to manufacture sodium perchlorate by electrochemical oxidation of sodium chlorate.
- the System 1 comprises a first chamber 3 in which a liquid electrolyte is present.
- the electrolyte 10 comprises sodium chlorate.
- the concentration of sodium chlorate in the electrolyte 10, before initiation of the electrochemical oxidation may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mol / L, for example 0.5 mol / L and for example be between 0, 5 mol / L and 5 mol / L.
- the electrolyte 10 may be an aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrolyte 10 is, moreover, free of fluoride or alkali metal dichromate.
- the electrolyte 10 is devoid of the following compounds: sodium fluoride (NaF), potassium fluoride (KF), sodium dichromate (Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) and potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) .
- the system 1 further comprises an anode 15 and a cathode
- the anode 15 has an outer surface, corresponding to its active surface, diamond doped with boron.
- the boron-doped diamond may typically have a boron mass content of between 0.005% and 0.55%, the remainder being diamond. This external surface is present in the electrolyte 10.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of an exemplary anode 15 that can be used in the system 1 of FIG. 1.
- the anode 15 comprises a conductive substrate of the Electricity 28 covered with a diamond coating doped with boron.
- the coating 26 defines the outer surface Si of the anode 15.
- the substrate 28 is formed of a material different from that constituting the coating 26.
- the material forming the substrate 28 may comprise titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium , niobium, tantalum, palladium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof.
- the material forming the substrate 28 may for example be chosen from: titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, palladium, molybdenum and their alloys.
- the material forming the substrate 28 may still be graphite.
- the thickness ei of the coating 26 may for example be greater than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m, and for example be between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m.
- an anode 115 made entirely of boron-doped diamond may be used. This anode 115 defines an outer surface S2.
- the cathode 17 has, for its part, an external surface, corresponding to its active surface which may, for example, be formed of a metal alloy having a mass content of chromium of between 5% and 25%.
- the outer surface of the cathode may alternatively be formed of zirconium or nickel. This outer surface is present in the electrolyte 10.
- the cathode may have an outer surface formed of a metal alloy having a chromium mass content of between 10% and 25%, for example between 10% and 20% .
- the metal alloy of the cathode 17 may be a stainless steel, for example 316L stainless steel, a nickel alloy or a zirconium alloy.
- the cathode 17 consists entirely of a metal alloy with a content mass of chromium of between 5% and 25% (massive metal alloy cathode with a mass content in chromium of between 5% and 25%).
- This cathode 17 defines an outer surface S 3 .
- the coating 118 defines the outer surface S 4 of the cathode 117.
- the substrate 119 is formed of a material different from that constituting the coating 118.
- the system 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 furthermore comprises an electric generator 20 connected to the anode 15 and to the cathode 17.
- the anode 15 is connected via the conductor 16 to the positive terminal 18 of the generator 20.
- cathode 17 is connected via the conductor 19 to the negative terminal 21 of the generator 20.
- the system 1 further comprises a second chamber 5, separate from the first chamber 3, wherein the liquid electrolyte is present.
- the presence of this second chamber 5 is optional.
- the second chamber 5 is in communication with the first chamber 3.
- the electrolyte 10 is intended to flow between the first 3 and second 5 chambers during the electrochemical oxidation.
- the system 1 comprises a circulation circuit of the electrolyte 7 which comprises in the illustrated example:
- the second channel 8 can, as illustrated, be provided with a valve 13, and
- a third channel 11 connecting an output of the pump 9 to an inlet 3e of the first chamber 3.
- the electrolyte 10 flows between the first 3 and second 5 chambers according to the path shown by the arrows F1. During its circulation, the electrolyte 10 passes through the first channel 12, the second channel 8 and the third channel 11.
- the second chamber is maintained at a substantially constant temperature by a thermostat 23 in which a temperature control fluid circulates (arrows F2).
- the thermostat 23 can for example, maintain the temperature of the second chamber at about 20 ° C.
- the system 1 may further include a condenser 25 for condensing at least a portion of the vapors produced during the electrochemical oxidation.
- a cooling fluid circulates in the refrigerant 25 to achieve this condensation (arrows F3).
- the cooling fluid is for example before heat exchange at a temperature of -5 ° C.
- the electrolyte 10 can flow continuously. It is possible to impose a flow rate of the electrolyte in the circuit 7 of between 250 liters / hour and 350 liters / hour, for example.
- the current density imposed during the electrochemical oxidation can be between lkA / m 2 and 20 kA / m 2 , for example between 1 kA / m 2 and 5 kA / m 2 .
- sodium perchlorate is obtained using a system without the second chamber 5. In the latter case, there is not necessarily movement of the electrolyte in the system.
- the experimental setup that has been used is of the type shown in Figure 1.
- the assembly has been equipped with a flow meter at the refrigerant outlet which quantifies the flow (in liters per hour: L / h) and the quantity of gases produced during electrolysis.
- the electrolytic system included a stainless steel cathode (316L steel having a chromium content of 18%). Two separate anode materials were tested. A first test according to the invention was carried out with a Nb / DDB anode having a niobium substrate coated with a boron-doped diamond coating. A second test outside the invention was carried out with a Ti / Pb0 2 anode having a titanium substrate covered with a coating of lead dioxide.
- Table 1 below and Figure 6 highlight the advantages conferred by the system according to the invention. It is found that the efficiency and the formation kinetics of sodium perchlorate are improved thanks to the system according to the invention in comparison with the system outside the invention using a Ti / Pb0 2 anode.
- chlorate ion and perchlorate ion material were determined by ion chromatography during the tests carried out.
- the current yield (Rdtcurrent) of the reaction is calculated as the ratio of the feedstock used for the oxidation of chlorate ions to perchlorate ions and the total load applied to the system.
- n io4- C designates the number of moles of ions perchlorates end of the synthesis
- F is the Faraday constant (96485 C.mol "1), the impressed current I (A) and t electrolysis time (s).
- the chemical yield (Rdtchim.) Of the synthesis is calculated by relating the number of moles of perchlorate ions formed to the number of moles of chlorate ions consumed.
- the progress of the synthesis (Av) is in turn determined by making the ratio between the number of moles of chlorate ions consumed and the number of moles of initial chlorate ions. n C107 (consumed) """
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1656236A FR3053363B1 (fr) | 2016-06-30 | 2016-06-30 | Systeme electrolytique pour la synthese du perchlorate de sodium avec anode a surface externe en diamant dope au bore |
| PCT/FR2017/051760 WO2018002548A1 (fr) | 2016-06-30 | 2017-06-29 | Systeme electrolytique pour la synthese du perchlorate de sodium avec anode a surface externe en diamant dope au bore |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3478877A1 true EP3478877A1 (fr) | 2019-05-08 |
Family
ID=57137057
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17740459.7A Withdrawn EP3478877A1 (fr) | 2016-06-30 | 2017-06-29 | Systeme electrolytique pour la synthese du perchlorate de sodium avec anode a surface externe en diamant dope au bore |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3478877A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2019520482A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3053363B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018002548A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4139468A1 (fr) * | 2020-04-24 | 2023-03-01 | Pharmazell GmbH | Synthèse chimio-enzymatique énantiosélective de composés amino-amides optiquement actifs |
| FR3130856A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-23 | Arianegroup Sas | Système électrolytique pour la synthèse du perchlorate de sodium |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993012034A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-12 | 1993-06-24 | Olin Corporation | Procede de fabrication de perchlorate de lithium |
| EP2412847A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-26 | 2012-02-01 | IHI Corporation | Procédé et appareil de production de perchlorate |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52120975A (en) * | 1976-04-06 | 1977-10-11 | Showa Denko Kk | Electrolytic cathode manufacturing of chlorates |
| US4377454A (en) * | 1980-05-09 | 1983-03-22 | Occidental Chemical Corporation | Noble metal-coated cathode |
| JPS596386A (ja) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-01-13 | Hodogaya Chem Co Ltd | 耐食性活性化陰極 |
| US5041196A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-20 | Olin Corporation | Electrochemical method for producing chlorine dioxide solutions |
| JP3334996B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-11 | 2002-10-15 | クロリンエンジニアズ株式会社 | 還元抑制陰極およびその製造方法 |
| DE10258652A1 (de) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-06-24 | Degussa Ag | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von anorganischen Persauerstoffverbindungen |
| JP2004202283A (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 有機化合物含有水の処理方法および処理装置 |
| JP4778320B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-24 | 2011-09-21 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | 過塩素酸化合物の電解合成方法 |
| CN202246889U (zh) * | 2011-10-24 | 2012-05-30 | 龚家正 | 新型高氯酸盐电解槽 |
| BR112014026603A2 (pt) * | 2012-04-23 | 2017-06-27 | Chemetics Inc | catodo de aço inoxidável com superfície modifcada para eletrolisador |
-
2016
- 2016-06-30 FR FR1656236A patent/FR3053363B1/fr active Active
-
2017
- 2017-06-29 EP EP17740459.7A patent/EP3478877A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-06-29 JP JP2018568887A patent/JP2019520482A/ja active Pending
- 2017-06-29 WO PCT/FR2017/051760 patent/WO2018002548A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993012034A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-12 | 1993-06-24 | Olin Corporation | Procede de fabrication de perchlorate de lithium |
| EP2412847A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-26 | 2012-02-01 | IHI Corporation | Procédé et appareil de production de perchlorate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2018002548A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2019520482A (ja) | 2019-07-18 |
| WO2018002548A1 (fr) | 2018-01-04 |
| FR3053363B1 (fr) | 2021-04-09 |
| FR3053363A1 (fr) | 2018-01-05 |
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Inventor name: SAVALL, ANDRE Inventor name: DABARD, OLIVIER Inventor name: GROENEN SERRANO, KARINE Inventor name: AUMELAS, ANGELINE Inventor name: GOTTI, GUILLAUME |
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