EP3474374A1 - Dispositif d'antenne pour signaux satellites polarisés circulairement sur un véhicule - Google Patents

Dispositif d'antenne pour signaux satellites polarisés circulairement sur un véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3474374A1
EP3474374A1 EP18201246.8A EP18201246A EP3474374A1 EP 3474374 A1 EP3474374 A1 EP 3474374A1 EP 18201246 A EP18201246 A EP 18201246A EP 3474374 A1 EP3474374 A1 EP 3474374A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
director
conductor
antenna arrangement
satellite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18201246.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3474374B1 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Lindenmeier
Heinz Lindenmeier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH
Original Assignee
Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH filed Critical Fuba Automotive Electronics GmbH
Publication of EP3474374A1 publication Critical patent/EP3474374A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3474374B1 publication Critical patent/EP3474374B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/147—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures provided with means for controlling or monitoring the shape of the reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/005—Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement for the reception of circularly polarized satellite radio signals, in particular for satellite radio navigation.
  • Satellite radio signals are transmitted due to polarization rotations in the transmission path usually with circularly polarized electromagnetic waves and are used for all known satellite navigation systems.
  • Modern navigation systems provide, in particular for the global accessibility in connection with a high navigation accuracy in the mobile navigation, to evaluate the simultaneously received radio signals of several satellite navigation systems.
  • Such composite-receiving systems are collectively referred to as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and include known systems such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and Beidou, etc.
  • Satellite antennas for vehicle navigation are typically mounted on the electrically conductive outer skin of the vehicle Vehicle body built.
  • circularly polarized satellite receiving antennas there are used circularly polarized satellite receiving antennas, as for example from the publications DE-A-10 2009 040 910 .
  • DE-A-40 08 505 and DE-A-101 63 793 are known.
  • antennas which are characterized by a low overall height in conjunction with cost-effective manufacturability.
  • the antenna has a necessary conductive footprint of relatively small size and is very low with a height of less than one tenth of the free space wavelength.
  • a challenge to the satellite antennas for GNSS is the demand for a large frequency bandwidth, which for example in GPS by the frequency band L1 with the center frequency 1575 MHz (required bandwidth about 80 MHz) and the frequency band L2 with the center frequency 1227 MHz (required bandwidth approx. 53 MHz).
  • This requirement is covered, for example, by separate antennas each assigned to one of the two frequency bands L1 or L2, or by an antenna comprising both frequency bands.
  • Systems for the simultaneous evaluation of signal contents in the frequency bands L1 and L2 place particularly high demands on the properties of the antennas, in particular due to the small available space, as it is always given especially in vehicle.
  • Satellite antennas are usually built on horizontal surfaces of the electrically conductive outer skin of a vehicle.
  • the electrically conductive vehicle roof for example, the immediate vicinity of the upper edge of the section of the rear window - so the rear roof edge - often specified.
  • the vehicle roof is curved towards the edge of the window and designed sloping, so that the satellite antenna is not built on an azimuthally flat and completely horizontal conductive base.
  • a director (4) comprising a horizontal electrical conductor (5) having two conductor ends (11) guided over a conductor length Ld at a director height hd above the conductive base (3), at least approximately a lateral surface Mz of a cylinder oriented perpendicular to the conductive base surface with a cylinder radius rz and a central axis Z through the phase center PZ of the satellite receiving antenna (2), wherein the horizontal electrical conductor (5) at its two conductor ends (11) is angled and from there as vertical conductor (6) extends in each case to the conductive base (3) and is electrically conductively connected thereto.
  • the director (4) can by design the director length Ld, the director's height hd and the vertical conductor (6) be tuned in such a way that its natural resonance frequency is set in the frequency vicinity of the frequency f.
  • the elongated horizontal electrical conductor 5 is designed in an approximation to the curved lateral surface Mz of the cylinder in plan view either curved or secant-like straight.
  • the director length Ld is slightly shorter than the resonance length, that is selected to be less than 90% of half the free space wavelength ⁇ and the cylinder radius rz is about 20% of the free space wavelength ⁇ .
  • At least three directors 4 are arranged azimuthally uniformly around the satellite receiving antenna 2 and the cylinder radius rz is selected not more than half a free space wavelength.
  • an electrically conductive ground plate 3 a lying on the electrically conductive outer skin of the vehicle is present as a mechanical support of the satellite receiving antenna 2 and the at least one director 4 on which the grounding points for electrically connecting the director 4 to the conductive base 3 are formed are.
  • the director 4 is wire-shaped.
  • the ground plate 3 a is at least partially made of an electrically conductive sheet metal surface, and the director 4 as a sheet metal strip 21 cut out of this sheet metal surface to a connecting web 26 as a mass point 8 and bent out of the sheet surface to the Ausbiegewinkel 10 is.
  • At least two directors 4 are arranged closely adjacent to each other along the cylinder surface Mz and the mutually adjacent conductor ends 11 of the elongated horizontal electrical conductors 5 are capacitively coupled together.
  • the satellite receiving antenna 2 in azimuthally symmetrical form is completely surrounded by mutually adjacent and with respect to their conductor ends 11 capacitively coupled to each other directors 4.
  • the directors 4 are made of electrically conductive sheet metal and are formed and bent in each case at the conductor ends 11 of the elongated electrical conductor 5 in such a way that in each case a sheet metal lug 12 is formed and by the mutually parallel flag surfaces of each other adjacent directors 4, the capacitive coupling is effected.
  • annularly arranged directors 4 are combined to form a mechanically continuous ring made of sheet metal, wherein the connection of the directors 4 is given to each other via in particular short connecting webs 26 which are mounted on the ground plate 3a and electrically connected thereto at the ground points 8 are conductively connected.
  • the satellite receiving antenna 2 is in a circularly polarized loop antenna 13 having a relative height ha / ⁇ 0.1 and its vertical projection is inscribed in a circle having the relative antenna radius ra / ⁇ ⁇ 0.13 around its phase center PZ and the relative director length Ld / ⁇ ⁇ 0.3 as well the relative director height hd / ⁇ ⁇ 0.07 and the relative cylinder radius in the range rz / ⁇ ⁇ 0.2 are selected.
  • the satellite receiving antenna 2 is formed as a circularly polarized patch antenna 14.
  • an antenna arrangement 1 has the advantage that when using a predetermined, suitable for receiving the Ortungssatelliten, but unspecified satellite receiving antenna 2, the radiation properties can be specifically improved by the inventive design and placement of the directors 4 in terms of gain and funnelpolarisationsunterdrückung ,
  • a particular advantage of the invention is also that it makes it possible, in an azimuthally non-uniform environment of the antenna arrangement 1, to remedy the disturbance of its omnidirectional radiation characteristic with respect to gain and cross-polarization distance caused thereby.
  • Another advantage of an antenna arrangement 1 according to the invention is the particularly simple manufacture and attachment of the directors 4, which allows the realization by simple curved sheet metal or wire structures.
  • an antenna arrangement 1 for receiving circularly polarized satellite radio signals of the free-space wavelength ⁇ comprises at least one circularly polarized satellite receiving antenna 2 with phase center PZ arranged above a substantially horizontally oriented, serving as electrically conductive base 3 outer skin of a vehicle 7.
  • This has a relative antenna height ha / ⁇ ⁇ 0.15 and is inscribed with its vertical projection a circle K with the relative antenna radius ra / ⁇ ⁇ 0.15 around its phase center PZ.
  • At least one director 4 which is formed of a substantially elongated horizontal electrical conductor 5 and which over the director length Ld below the director level hd over the conductive base 3 in approximately along the lateral surface of a vertically oriented cylinder with cylinder radius rz and central axis Z is guided by the phase center PZ of the satellite antenna 2.
  • the horizontal electrical conductor 5 is bent at both ends of the length L and extends as a vertical conductor 6 respectively to the conductive base 3 and is connected to this conductive.
  • the relative director length Ld is selected in the range of 0.2 ⁇ Ld / ⁇ ⁇ 0.4.
  • the relative director height hd is selected in the range 0.03 ⁇ hd / ⁇ ⁇ 0.15.
  • the relative cylinder radius is selected in the range 0.15 ⁇ rz / ⁇ ⁇ 0.4.
  • the invention is based on a circularly polarized, located on an electrically conductive base 3 satellite receiving antenna 2, whose relative to the free space wavelength ⁇ relative antenna height ha / ⁇ is smaller than 0.15.
  • the antenna has the problematic property that its radiation gain decreases very rapidly towards smaller elevation angles. This is also associated with an increased decrease in cross polarization spacing.
  • This effect can be mitigated by the presence of the directors 4 so far that a satellite receiving antenna 2 can be used with the predetermined volume on the electrically conductive outer skin of a vehicle 7 for qualified location determination using satellite navigation.
  • satellite reception signals for navigation are to be evaluated, which are incident at a low elevation angle of 20 ° up to an elevation angle of 5 °.
  • the extremely strong drop of the antenna gain at such low elevation angles for the desired direction of polarization of such a low Satellite receiving antenna 2 over a conductive base 3 is based on the weakness of the horizontal component of its electric radiation field. This weakness is alleviated according to the invention by the use of the directors 4 around the satellite receiving antenna 2 and it is possible to increase the antenna gain for low elevation angles.
  • the directors form a bow or a (U-shaped) gate relative to the base (cf. Fig. 1 ), which consists of the vertical conductor 5 and the two vertical conductors 6.
  • the operation of the directors 4 based on the spatial representation of the antenna arrangement 1 according to the invention in Fig. 1 and their top view in the FIGS. 1a and 2 explain approximately.
  • the azimuthally almost complete enclosure of the satellite receiving antenna 2 with directors 4 leads to the desired increase in the antenna gain in the case of broadcasting radiation.
  • the satellite receiving antenna 2 designed for circular polarization excites the electrical conductors of the directors 4 with the currents flowing thereon.
  • the conductor ends 11 of the horizontal electrical conductors 5 are each connected to the conductive base 3 via the vertical conductors 6 with a grounding point 8.
  • 5 secondary currents are formed on the electrically excited director 4 and in particular on the horizontal electrical conductor, which with a suitable choice of director length in the range 0.2 ⁇ Ld / ⁇ ⁇ 0.45, the director's height in the range 0.03 ⁇ hd / ⁇ ⁇ 0.15 and the cylinder radius in the range 0.15 ⁇ rz / ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, which determines the distance of the directors 4 from the center Z of the antenna assembly 1, generate a radiation field. This is superimposed on the radiation field of the satellite receiving antenna 2 in such a way that the desired increase in the antenna gain is established, in particular for low elevation angles.
  • a director length Ld which is shorter than a half free space wavelength ⁇ , that is, that the natural resonance frequency of Director 4 is chosen slightly lower than the satellite reception frequency f.
  • the slightly selected deviation of the satellite frequency f from the natural resonance frequency of the director 4 justifies the associated increase in the currents on the director 4 and in combination with the suitably set cylinder radius rz the resulting, with respect to the phase position constructive superposition of the director radiation field with the Radiation field of the satellite receiving antenna 2 in terms of the task to be solved.
  • the horizontal electrical conductors 5 above the electrically conductive base 3 under the director hd each form an electrical line with the characteristic impedance ZL, which is terminated at the two conductor ends 11 via the vertical conductors 6, the size of the conductor width 27 or the metal strip width 21 and the conductor spacing 28 of the horizontal electrical conductor 5 is given by the conductive base 3.
  • the characteristic impedance ZL can be varied within wide limits.
  • a fine adjustment of the distance rz of the director 4 from the center Z and the choice of a suitable characteristic impedance ZL and the Eigeninduktivisation the vertical conductor 6 allows the optimization of the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 1 in the context of the object of the invention.
  • FIGS. 3 to 7 For example, measurement results in the form of vertical and horizontal sections of radiation diagrams of antenna arrangements 1 according to the invention are shown and compared with corresponding measurement results of a satellite antenna 2 over a conductive base 3 without directors 4 according to the invention.
  • the achieved improvements in the range of low elevation angles are given in detail in connection with the above descriptions of the figures.
  • Fig. 8 For use in vehicle construction, the manufacturing costs and ease of implementation are essential.
  • Fig. 8 resting on the outer skin of the vehicle 7 ground plate 3a designed as a mechanical support of the satellite receiving antenna 2 and the directors 4 and made of sheet metal.
  • a particular advantage of this is the ability to cut according to the invention, the directors 4 from the sheet andconcentrbiegen from this around the Ausbiegewinkel 10. The necessary cutting and bending operations can be carried out extremely inexpensively in mass production with very good reproducibility.
  • the installation spaces are plugged and the radiation characteristics are impaired by electromagnetic coupling.
  • the satellite reception antenna 2 for GNSS in an arrangement according to the invention is provided with two opposing directors 4 in the installation space Br2 and the satellite reception antenna 23 for broadcast reception at about 2.3 GHz in the installation space Br6. Both antennas are designed in the example as loop antennas 13. This shows very advantageous that the strict requirements on the radiation characteristics of the satellite broadcast receiving antenna 23 are not affected by the presence of the directors 4 according to the invention.
  • the secondary currents causing the satellite broadcasting antenna 23 on the directors 4 are sufficiently small that their effect on the radiation characteristics of the satellite broadcasting antenna 23 is negligible. This effect is pronounced such that the disturbance of the radiation characteristics of the satellite broadcasting antenna 23 in FIG Fig. 11 even when the satellite receiving antenna 2 for GNSS is completely surrounded by directors 4, even if it is low.
  • the directors 4 are cut out of the sheet-shaped ground plate 3a except for the short connecting webs 26 and bent along the bending line 24 of the sheet-shaped ground plate 3a, wherein the Ausbiegewinkel 10 is selected to be 90 °.
  • the conductor ends 11 of the elongate electrical conductor 5 are formed in a flat and angular manner in such a way that in each case a metal lug 12 is formed.
  • the metal lugs 12 are - in relation to the center Z - radially outwardly bent in such a way that the surfaces of two adjacent metal lugs 12 are aligned substantially parallel to each other and thus the increased capacitive coupling is achieved.
  • Fig. 14a the directors are grouped together in a ring-shaped manner to form a mechanically coherent ring of sheet metal. They are over short connecting bridges 26 interconnected. It is envisaged to set up the ring made of sheet metal on the ground plate 3a - as indicated by the vertical arrows - and electrically connect the connecting webs 26 with the mass points located on the ground surface 3 8, as is apparent from Fig. 14b evident.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP18201246.8A 2017-10-19 2018-10-18 Dispositif d'antenne pour signaux satellites polarisés circulairement sur un véhicule Active EP3474374B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017009758.5A DE102017009758A1 (de) 2017-10-19 2017-10-19 Antennenanordnung für zirkular polarisierte Satellitenfunksignale auf einem Fahrzeug

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3474374A1 true EP3474374A1 (fr) 2019-04-24
EP3474374B1 EP3474374B1 (fr) 2021-05-26

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EP18201246.8A Active EP3474374B1 (fr) 2017-10-19 2018-10-18 Dispositif d'antenne pour signaux satellites polarisés circulairement sur un véhicule

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US (1) US10833412B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3474374B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2019092151A (fr)
DE (1) DE102017009758A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021033253A1 (fr) * 2019-08-20 2021-02-25 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif d'antenne
CN112201953B (zh) * 2020-11-03 2023-05-09 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 卫星通信系统和/或导航系统天线
CN112635977A (zh) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-09 无锡华信雷达工程有限责任公司 一种uhf频段高增益左旋圆极化天线

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0340404A2 (fr) * 1988-05-06 1989-11-08 Ball Corporation Eléments parasites monopoles en forme de L pour la transmission d'ondes à polarisation circulaire ou elliptique
DE4008505A1 (de) 1990-03-16 1991-09-19 Lindenmeier Heinz Antenne fuer die mobile satellitenkommunikation
DE10163793A1 (de) 2001-02-23 2002-09-05 Heinz Lindenmeier Flachantenne für die mobile Satellitenkommunikation
WO2008054803A2 (fr) * 2006-11-02 2008-05-08 Agc Automotive Americas R & D, Inc. Système d'antenne présentant un diagramme de rayonnement orientable basé sur la localisation géographique
US20130050037A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-02-28 Yokohama National University Antenna apparatus and wireless communication apparatus using the same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2296227B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2018-02-21 Delphi Deutschland GmbH Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0340404A2 (fr) * 1988-05-06 1989-11-08 Ball Corporation Eléments parasites monopoles en forme de L pour la transmission d'ondes à polarisation circulaire ou elliptique
DE4008505A1 (de) 1990-03-16 1991-09-19 Lindenmeier Heinz Antenne fuer die mobile satellitenkommunikation
DE10163793A1 (de) 2001-02-23 2002-09-05 Heinz Lindenmeier Flachantenne für die mobile Satellitenkommunikation
WO2008054803A2 (fr) * 2006-11-02 2008-05-08 Agc Automotive Americas R & D, Inc. Système d'antenne présentant un diagramme de rayonnement orientable basé sur la localisation géographique
US20130050037A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-02-28 Yokohama National University Antenna apparatus and wireless communication apparatus using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10833412B2 (en) 2020-11-10
DE102017009758A1 (de) 2019-04-25
JP2019092151A (ja) 2019-06-13
EP3474374B1 (fr) 2021-05-26
US20190260129A1 (en) 2019-08-22

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